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nonprimate hepaciviruses in domestic horses, united kingdom.although the origin of hepatitis c virus infections in humans remains undetermined, a close homolog of this virus, termed canine hepacivirus (chv) and found in respiratory secretions of dogs, provides evidence for a wider distribution of hepaciviruses in mammals. we determined frequencies of active infection among dogs and other mammals in the united kingdom. samples from dogs (46 respiratory, 99 plasma, 45 autopsy samples) were chv negative by pcr. screening of 362 samples from cats, horses, do ...023171728
dominance rank is associated with body condition in outdoor-living domestic horses (equus caballus).the aim of our study was to explore the association between dominance rank and body condition in outdoor group-living domestic horses, equus caballus. social interactions were recorded using a video camera during a feeding test, applied to 203 horses in 42 herds. dominance rank was assigned to 194 individuals. the outcome variable body condition score (bcs) was recorded using a 9-point scale. the variables age and height were recorded and considered as potential confounders or effect modifiers. ...025937683
case of glanders: produced by the absorption of matter from a horse. 184221372993
inquiry into the reasons why the horse rarely vomits. 185220793343
the action of the horse. 186917230840
the action of the horse. 186917230814
the action of the horse. 187017230853
the action of the horse. 187017230888
the development of the suspensory ligament of the fetlock in the foetal horse, ox, roe-deer, and sambre-deer. 188317231513
horse-trotting from a mathematical stand-point. 188317830543
congenital malformation of the trachea of a horse. 188417231555
horse-breeding. 188517749573
fossils from kicking horse pass. 188717794245
histology of the skin of the horse. 188817231734
remarks on the chemistry of respiration in the horse during rest and work. 189016991934
note on the composition of the sweat of the horse. 189016991935
the chemistry of respiration in the horse during rest and work. 189016991943
remarks on the chemistry of respiration in the horse during rest and work. 189016991953
the intelligence of a horse. 189217751513
as to the "extinction" of the american horse. 189217751517
the fiction of the american horse and the truth on this disputed point. 189217731771
note on the nature of the dandruff and its pigment from the skin of the horse. 189316992090
on the development of the bones of the foot of the horse, and of digital bones generally; and on a case of polydactyly in the horse. 189317232068
the development of the skeleton of the limbs of the horse, with observations on polydactyly. 189417232079
the development of the skeleton of the limbs of the horse, with observations on polydactyly: part ii. 189417232094
the cart before the horse. 189419600598
discussion on the foregoing group of papers from "the cart before the horse" to the "report of the committee on the pollution of water supplies," inclusive. 189419600627
the maximum muscular effort of the horse. 189616992321
horse ambulances. 189720756965
a case of pseudo-lupus vulgaris caused by a blastomyces.the case reported, in this article is one of a somewhat extensive cutaneous disease, which occurred in a man, 33 years of age, who gave the following history: the disease first made its appearance, eleven and a half years ago, at the back of the left ear, as a pimple which soon became pustular. the process extended forward, very slowly and gradually encroached upon and covered almost the entire face, the central portion of which now presents an atrophic cicatricial condition. another similar les ...189819866867
the convolutions of the cerebrum of the horse. 189917232364
on the cerebellum of the horse. 189917232395
a preliminary report on acid-resisting bacilli, with special reference to their occurrence in the lower animals.the results obtained in this study may be briefly summarized: 1. acid-resisting bacilli are found in many of the lower animals, more especially the horse, cow, dog, guinea-pig and white rat. in the case of the rabbit and cat no such organisms were detected. 2. many of these acid-resisting bacilli resemble the tubercle bacillus and the smegma bacillus of man. 3. the acid-resisting organisms are undoubtedly of different species and there is good reason to believe that the term smegma bacillus deno ...190019866944
serum-globulin and diphtheric antitoxin.-a comparative study of the amount oe globulin in normal and antitoxic sera, and the relation of the globulins to the antitoxic bodies.the results of the foregoing experiments may be briefly summarized as follows: the amount of antitoxic substance obtained by precipitation with magnesium sulphate from the blood-serum of the horse corresponds, as nearly as can be determined by the use of test guinea-pigs, in full to the protective power of the serum from which it is obtained, i. e. the precipitate from 1 cc. of serum will protect against the same amount of toxin as 1 cc. of the serum itself. equal amounts of the precipitates by ...190019866935
a case of rudimentary first thoracic rib in a horse. 190117232496
a tumor-like lesion in the lung of a horse caused by a blastomyces (torula). 190219971495
note on the rôle of the horse fly in the transmission of trypanosoma infection, with a reply to colonel bruce's criticisms. 190420761785
further remarks on the production of a malarial form of south-african horse-sickness. 190420474185
equine piroplasmosis, or "biliary fever". 190520474209
comparative statistics of antitoxin horses. a study of the records of one hundred horses immunized to diphtheria toxin, with composite of curves.1. better results in the production of diphtheria antitoxin can be obtained with greater experience in the selection of the most suitable type of horses to be used. young animals are usually to be preferred. over one-half of all such horses can be made to yield 300-unit serum, while a third will yield (5)oo-unit serum. 2. high-test horses require a shorter time to immunize and will yield a potent serum for a longer period than will low-test horses. 3. the period of usefulness of an antitoxin hor ...190519866992
a new toxic action of horse serum. 190619971722
simultaneous transmission of resistance to diphtheria toxine and hypersusceptibility to horse serum by the female guinea-pig to her young. 190619971730
the resistance of the red blood corpuscles of the horse to salt solutions of different tonicities before and after repeated withdrawals of blood. 190619971743
the precipitation of the proteins of horse serum. 190716992909
the physical properties of horse serum. 190716992877
experimental liver necrosis; i. the hexon bases.1. the liver of the dog in which necrosis has been produced by injection of haematoxic immune sera is characterized in the less marked forms by a storing up of nitrogen in the persisting living cells, while in the diffuse forms the total nitrogen content is but slightly above the normal. this last is to be explained by the great diminution in persisting liver substance which limits the power of nitrogen accumulation. 2. in all forms of necrosis there occurs an absolute increase of nitrogen preci ...190719867108
on the supersensitation of persons suffering from diphtheria by repeated injections of horse serum. 190720474302
notes on the leucocyte-reaction during the immunisation of the horse and goat with diphtheria toxin. 190720474305
on the supersensitation of persons by horse-serum. 190720474335
abnormal reactions to horse serum in the serum treatment of cerebro-spinal fever. 190820474367
horse-pox directly transmitted to man. 190820763867
further observations on anaphylaxis to horse serum. 190819867153
the induced susceptibility of the guinea-pig to the toxic action of the blood serum of the horse.following the divisions before used, the results presented in the preceding pages may be briefly stated. i. the particular method of sensitization and the place where the test injection is made have an important bearing on the results obtained by various workers. comparing the results obtained by the various methods, we may conclude that the incubation period of the hypersensitive reaction is not sharply limited, but that there is a progressive increase in sensitiveness from the sixth day, and p ...190819867119
on the chemical separation of the sensitizing fraction (anaphylactin) from horse serum. 190819971834
further studies in anaphylaxis : ii. on recurrent anaphylaxis and repeated intoxication in guinea-pigs by means of horse serum. 190819971838
caseating pulmonary tuberculosis treated by tuberculin (t.r.) and fresh horse serum, both administered by the mouth. 190819972702
pustular ringworm of the horse ("conglomerate folliculitis") in a child. 190819972869
preliminary communication on the administration of tuberculin (t.r.) and other vaccines by the mouth, together with (a) normal saline solution; (b) fresh horse serum. 190819973064
discussion on dr. latham's paper: "the administration of tuberculin and other vaccines by the mouth, together with (a) normal saline solution; (b) fresh horse serum". 190819973068
the effects of chronic suppuration in the molar of a horse. 190819973238
active immunity produced by so called balanced or neutral mixtures of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin.the foregoing and earlier data taken together demonstrate that an active immunity lasting several years can be produced in guinea-pigs, by the injection of toxin-antitoxin mixtures which have no recognizable harmful effect either immediate or remote. they also show, what might have been anticipated, that under the same conditions mixtures which produce local lesions and which, therefore, contain an excess of toxin produce a much higher degree of immunity than the neutral mixtures, and that an ex ...190919867246
a comparative study of fecal streptococci from the horse, the cow and man. 191019599513
subcutaneous reaction of rabbits to horse serum.1. anaphylaxis or allergy of rabbits against horse serum can be proved by subcutaneous test. 2. the test is best made in the following way. the skin of the animal, preferably of the abdomen or flank, is shaved. (this should be done a few hours before the injection.) the injection is made by means of a small hypodermic syringe and intradermally. an effort was made not to inject the serum under the skin. those injections were considered most favorable by which the serum remained as a small bleb in ...191019867343
the quantitative changes in the proteins in the blood plasma of horses in the course of immunization.gravimetric determinations were recorded for the total and several individual proteins (in the sodium oxalate plasma) fractioned with ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride. at precipitation, the plasma salt mixture had been diluted to a final volume of ten times the amount of plasma employed. coagulations were on aliquot portions of filtrates, and the individual protein constituents (except serumalbumin) were calculated by difference. the eleven horses had been subjected to simultaneous immuniza ...191019867335
a note on eosinophile cells in the exudate from tick-bites on a horse. 191019974664
specimens of equine larynx, and records of cases illustrating the results of the "ventricle-stripping" operation for the relief of the conditions known as "whistling" and "roaring" in horses. demonstrations of instruments specially designed for this operation. 191119975207
experimental immunity with reference to the bacillus of leprosy : part i. a study of the factors determining infection in animals.repeated experiments have proven that few, if any, of the ordinary laboratory and domestic animals are immune against infection by bacillus leprae. as previously reported, the goat, horse, guinea pig, and many cold-blooded animals (couret) have been found susceptible to invasion by this organism. two factors are of great importance in effecting infection. in the first place, a sufficiently large number of organisms must be employed, and, what is still more important, second and subsequent inocul ...191119867463
a chemo-biological study of the relations of pepsin to so-called anti-pepsin.1. fresh and inactivated animal serum under proper conditions will bind pepsin quantitatively in weak acid solution and will prevent it from digesting proteid even after the addition of free hydrochloric acid in excess. 2. this binding and inactivation of pepsin cannot be considered as due to a specific anti-pepsin. 3. the phenomenon has been named pepsin deviation in analogy with the deviation described for other ferments, notably trypsin. 4. the ability of animal serum to deviate pepsin has be ...191119867495
xlii. preliminary observations on the protective and curative value for rats of the serum of a horse immunised with a toxic nucleo-protein extracted from the plague bacillus. 191120474473
the nature of the bactericidal substance in leucocytic extract.1. the bactericidal agent extracted from horse leucocytes is apparently precipitated quantitatively by full saturation with ammonium sulphate. 2. the bactericidal agent is apparently precipitated by absolute alcohol, and is not rendered insoluble by a short contact with alcohol. the agent resembled in this feature certain enzymes which can be isolated and purified by alcoholic precipitation.191219867570
the retention of foreign protein by the kidney : a study in anaphylaxis.extracts of the kidneys of normal rabbits prepared one, two, three, and four days after the intravenous injection of egg-albumin and horse serum have the power to sensitize guinea pigs to a second injection of these proteins. the sensitization by first and second day extracts was constant and intense, that by the third day extracts was less marked and sometimes was not evident, and that by the fourth day extracts was only occasional, and when present was always weak. comparative studies of the p ...191219867579
the blood cell picture in horse serum anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig: note on kurloff's inclusion cells. 191219972082
equine piroplasmosis in the canal zone. 191317771654
a case of angioneurotic edema cured by injections of horse serum. 191318735961
the relation of the leucocytic bacteriolysin to body fluids.1. an extract of horse leucocytes is strongly bactericidal when dissolved in distilled water; it has considerable bactericidal power when dissolved in physiological saline; but it loses its bactericidal properties when mixed with blood serum or with normal or pathological tissue fluids. 2. about half the antibactericidal action of blood serum is due to the serum colloids, about a quarter to the neutral serum crystalloids, and a quarter to the diffusible alkalies. diffusible acids have no antibac ...191319867653
disturbances of the heart-beat in the dog caused by serum anaphylaxis.anaphylactic shock in the dog, caused by the intravenous injection of horse serum into sensitized animals, may produce definite cardiac disturbances which are revealed by the electrocardiogram. these cardiac changes consist of disturbances in conduction of the heart impulses, abnormalities in the ventricular contractions, and other unusual disturbances of the mechanism of the heart-beat. they come on very quickly after the injection of serum and may be of short duration, and are not obtained dur ...191319867730
the production of experimental nephritis by repeated proteid intoxication.the repeated injection of small doses of horse serum and egg-white in dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs that have been sensitized to these proteins, causes injury to the cells of various organs and tissues with resulting inflammatory reactions. the changes are especially marked after intraperitoneal injections in the peritoneum and after intravenous injections in the livers of rabbits and cats, and in the myocardium and kidneys of all groups of animals. in dogs and rabbits, especially, there ...191319867740
the effects of subdural injections of leucocytes on the development and course of experimental tuberculous meningitis.rabbit leucocytes, injected into the basal meninges of dogs, in doses from 0.7 to one cubic centimeter apparently invariably cause death. horse leucocytes, injected in the same amounts, cause death in about 25 per cent. of the dogs. . the injection of foreign leucocytes into the meninges of monkeys causes few if any symptoms. the injection of from one to three cubic centimeters of horse leucocytes into the meningeal cavities of dogs, simultaneously with the inoculation of the meninges with tuber ...191319867619
an account of a teratoma of unusual size affecting the testicle of a horse. 191320766573
the viscosity of protein solutions. ii. pseudoglobulin and euglobulin (horse). 191416742316
the determination of the composition of the different proteins of ox and horse serum by the method of van slyke. 191416742338
the mechanism of anaphylatoxin formation : studies on ferment action. xv.1. the unsaturated lipoids (serum antitrypsin) can be adsorbed from guinea pig serum, rabbit serum, and horse serum by kaolin, starch, agar, and bacteria. 2. diphtheria toxin and cobra venom also reduce the serum antitrypsin, possibly because of their affinity for lipoids. 3. anaphylatoxins represent sera rendered toxic by partial removal of serum antitrypsin. 4. the matrix of the protein split products lies in the serum proteins so exposed. 5. the amount of removal of serum antitrypsin depends ...191419867801
localization of the virus and pathogenesis of epidemic poliomyelitis.the virus of poliomyelitis is capable of penetrating the retina without producing apparent injury, to reach the central nervous organs. the virus injected into the blood is deposited promptly in the spleen and bone marrow, but not in the kidneys, spinal cord, or brain. notwithstanding the affinity which the nervous tissues possess for the virus, it is not removed from the blood by the spinal cord and brain until the choroid plexus and blood vessels have suffered injury. the intervertebral gangli ...191419867819
lipoids as inhibitors of anaphylactic shock : studies on ferment action. xviii.1. the antitryptic titer of the serum can be increased by subcutaneous injections of serum lipoids (antitrypsin) and of the lipoids from egg yolk. 2. animals so injected show a relative immunity to acute anaphylactic shock (two minimum lethal doses). 3. extraction of lipoids contained in antigens increases the toxicity of the antigen when injected into a sensitized animal. 4. sublethal doses of soap solutions injected simultaneously with the antigen (purified horse serum albumen) prevent anaphyl ...191419867835
the free amino nitrogen of the different proteins of ox and horse serum. 191516742372
the diffusion of horse culture among the north american indians. 191516575991
the functional effect of experimental intraspinal injections of sera with and without preservatives.the monkey (macacus rhesus) usually tolerates readily the repeated intraspinal injection of large doses of 0.3 per cent. tricresol antimeningitis serum. the spontaneous respiration is generally not disturbed. doses of 0.3 per cent. tricresol serum as large as 8 c.c. per kilo were injected intraspinally with subsequent recovery, even when the monkey had a partial pneumothorax. dangerous alterations of the respiration and blood pressure in the monkey after 0.3 per cent. tricresol serum given by sy ...191519867851
the relationship of chronic protein intoxication in animals to anaphylaxis.such foreign proteins as horse serum and egg-white in the amounts employed in these experiments do not produce evidences of intoxication immediately after injection into rabbits. single large injections do, however, produce changes in the parenchymatous organs after a period often to twenty-one days. these develop at the time or immediately after the animal has formed antibodies for the foreign proteins. the mechanism of the development of the lesions in the myocardium, liver, and kidneys of rab ...191519867959
the rapid production of antidysenteric serum.antidysenteric serum can be safely prepared in the horse by the method of three successive intravenous injections of living cultures or toxin with intervening rest periods of seven days. when this method of immunization is employed, the specific antibodies responsible for agglutination and protection appear early and rise rapidly. by inoculating alternately living dysentery bacilli belonging to the shiga and flexner groups a polyvalent serum of high titer may be prepared. a polyvalent serum so p ...191519867887
the destruction of fly larvae in horse manure. 191520767618
the destruction of fly larvae in horse manure. 191520767831
lxxviii. the protective and curative value, against infection with a serum race of plague, of the serum of a horse immunised with nucleoprotein extracted from a strain of plague bacilli propagated on serum protein. 191520474601
anaphylaxis to the separated proteins of horse-serum. 191616742650
horse flesh and the diet of early man. 191617769118
a method for the rapid preparation of antimeningitis serum.potent antimeningitis serum can be safely produced in the horse by the method of three successive intravenous inoculations of living meningococci and parameningococci repeated at stated intervals. sudden and alarming symptoms and sudden death are avoided by employing first a desensitizing injection and then by adjusting the doses according to the febrile reaction and by making the highly diluted injections slowly. horses undergoing this process of immunization remain in good condition and may ev ...191619867995
the effects of serum treated with agar.the intravenous injection of horse serum, kept for 2 hours at 38 degrees c. in the presence of one-fifth of its volume of a suspension of 0.5 per cent agar in physiological salt solution and then separated from the agar by centrifugalization and filtration, produces in normal rabbits in adequate doses a considerable and prolonged fall in the blood pressure, expulsion of feces, a diminished coagulability in the carotid blood, and at times accelerated respiration; that is, the various symptoms obs ...191619868039
the conditions and characters of the immunity produced in the guinea pig by instillation of horse serum into the nose.1. normal guinea pigs treated by four to six instillations of horse serum into the nose on alternate days become either hypersensitive or refractory to an intravenous injection of 0.38 cc. of serum given 16 days after the last instillation. if the amount of serum in each instillation is as much as 0.2 cc., anaphylactic death is caused by the toxic injection. if the amount of serum in each instillation is reduced to 0.04 cc. the first intravenous injection is without marked effect, and a second i ...191619868029
the separation of serum into coagulative and non-coagulative fractions.the fact that the coagulative principle is closely associated with the euglobulin fraction of the blood is of clinical as well as of theoretical interest. it enables us to prepare a hemostatic containing about 2 per cent of protein which is more potent than the whole serum containing 6 to 7 per cent of protein. a preparation of this kind has been made in this laboratory from horse serum and employed during the past few months in numerous cases of bleeding. this euglobulin is absolutely sterile, ...191619868068
artificial cell proliferation with horse serum in the treatment of burns. 191717863683
the effects of serum treated with pararabin.horse serum, kept for 2 hours at 38 degrees c. in the presence of one-fifth its volume of a suspension of 0.5 per cent of pararabin inphysiological salt solution and then freed by means of centrifugalization and filtration from the pararabin produced when injected in appropriate doses into a normal rabbit, a considerable and prolonged fall of the blood pressure, a distinct retardation in the coagulation of the carotid blood, and sometimes, in addition, acceleration of the respiratory rate and th ...191719868083
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