Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| intussusception in a florida manatee. | an intussusception resulting from an embedded fishhook and a mass of nylon cord, monofilament line, and wire was determined to be the cause of death in a florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). pathologic findings are given along with information on bacteria (edwardsiella tarda), pesticide residues (dde, pcb's and dieldrin), and parasites (chiorchis fabaceus). | 1975 | 1195505 |
| some studies on blood of the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris. | 1976 | 9260 | |
| tracking of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus). | 1981 | 7284526 | |
| the photoreceptors of the west indian manatee. | using light and electron microscopy we found that the manatee retina has both rodlike and conelike photoreceptors in accord with its diurnal behavior pattern. outer segment disks in both cell types appear to be enclosed along most of their length within the plasma membrane. the synaptic terminals are simple, with small, superficial postsynaptic contacts. the cones have long inner segments, short, conical outer segments and terminals with numerous synaptic ribons and deeply embedded postsynaptic ... | 1982 | 7120422 |
| blood chemistry of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | blood from 10 clinically healthy west indian manatees (8 wild, 2 captive) was analyzed for the common blood chemical substances. no sex differences were found. the results were comparable for the most part to those of the common domestic mammals. notable exceptions were the anion gaps, and total proteins and a/g ratios which were higher than those for domestic species. some of these differences were no doubt due to the stress of capture. | 1982 | 7097885 |
| hematology of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | hemograms on blood obtained from 10 clinically normal west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) were studied. the red cells were large and in lower number than in most terrestrial species. the manatee does not have a neutrophil as is present in most species, but it has a heterophil whose granules stain pink with the wright-giemsa stain. the eosinophil has uniform red-staining granules that make its differentiation from heterophils difficult. both large and small lymphocytes, monocytes and basoph ... | 1982 | 15311402 |
| blood coagulation of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | blood was obtained from 10 clinically normal west indian manatees. many coagulation screening tests were performed on the blood as well as specific clotting factor assays. all clotting factors were present and their activities compared to those of the dog. the clotting factor activities of the intrinsic system of the manatee are much higher than those of the dog. factor x activity is about the same as that of the dog. the clotting factor activities of the extrinsic system seems to be less than t ... | 1982 | 7083860 |
| a note on the duodenum of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus), with emphasis on the duodenal glands. | the anatomy of the duodenum of the west indian manatee has both macroscopic and microscopic features that are unusual when compared to other mammalian forms. macroscopically, the voluminous duodenal ampulla and the paired duodenal diverticula are distinctive. the general microscopic structure of the manatee duodenum is not unusual, but the duodenal glands secrete an acid mucin (sialomucin). the cells of these glands appear to be intermediate between classical serous and mucous cell types. these ... | 1982 | 7148376 |
| toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis in a west indian manatee. | 1983 | 6643252 | |
| pathologic findings in manatees in florida. | necropsy and microscopic examinations of 16 west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) revealed that the mortality of many of the animals was associated with environmental factors such as human-inflicted trauma and cold winters. natural disease processes accounted for the death of only 1 manatee. in 3 manatees, the cause of death could not be determined. | 1984 | 6511576 |
| the heart of the dugong (dugong dugon) and the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) (sirenia). | thirty-eight dugong (dugong dugon) hearts and 28 florida manatee (trichechus manatus) hearts were obtained from stranding programs in australia and the united states. in addition to a double ventricular apex, a feature that has astonished scientists since the eighteenth century, the hearts of both animals have a double subvalvular conus and a dorsal left atrium. the heart lies in a vertical plane at right angles to that of the completely dorsal, symmetrical lungs. the dugong heart has a deeper i ... | 1985 | 30005568 |
| erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus (mammalia: sirenia). | the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus, has amedullary, pachyostotic long bones. since marrow cavities of the long bones typically are the locations of hemopoiesis in adult mammals, the manatee has evolved an alternative primary site of hemopoiesis. histological examinations of spleens, livers, kidneys, and vertebral bodies indicate that the last-named location is the main site of erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in t. manatus. this conclusion is based on the presence in the vertebrae of b ... | 1986 | 3751481 |
| congenital malformations of the flipper in three west indian manatees, trichechus manatus, and a proposed mechanism for development of ectrodactyly and cleft hand in mammals. | three cases of congenital ectrodactyly of the flipper in the manatee are described, including one case of bilaterally-symmetrical cleft hand. a hypothesis assumes that a defect in the apical ectodermal ridge (aer) in the developing hand plate of the early embryo is the initiating factor in the development of ectrodactylous and cleft hand malformations in man and other mammals. variations in the site, extent, and time of the aer defect will account for many of the morphologic variations observed ... | 1986 | 3955962 |
| purification and characterization of the major whey proteins from the milks of the bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus), the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris), and the beagle (canis familiaris). | the major whey proteins of the milks of the dolphin, manatee, and beagle were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and characterized and identified by molecular weight determination, amino acid analysis, n-terminal sequencing, and activity measurements. the major whey protein components from all three species were found to be monomeric beta-lactoglobulins. these proteins were all active in binding retinol. dolphin milk contained two beta-lactoglobulins (designated 1 and 2) ... | 1986 | 3707136 |
| the digestive strategy and efficiency of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus. | during the winters of 1982/83 and 1983/84, samples of digesta were collected from nine sites along the gastrointestinal tracts of seven west indian manatees, trichechus manatus. the voluminous large intestine of the manatee is responsible for considerable water reabsorption, as well as being the major site of organic matter, nitrogen and crude fat digestion. cellulose digestion occurs primarily in the cecum and anterior portion of the colon in a pattern similar to terrestrial nonruminant herbivo ... | 1986 | 2876808 |
| composition of the milks of the bottlenose dolphin (tursiops trucatus) and the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | milk samples from four individual bottlenose (tursiops truncatus) and two florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) of known lactation stages were analyzed for protein, carbohydrate and lipid composition, as well as for activity levels of alpha-lactalbumin, the regulatory protein of lactose synthase. the milk from both species had relatively high protein and lipid levels, as reported previously for other marine mammals. the major proportion of the lipid was in the form of triglycerides. ... | 1986 | 2873935 |
| omphalitis and peritonitis in a young west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | mortality data for the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) indicates that from 1979 to 1984 16% of the recorded deaths involved young juveniles. necropsy of a young manatee from the west coast of florida revealed an active infection of the umbilical area (omphalitis) extending down the umbilical artery and veins. a generalized peritonitis was present. bacterial cultures revealed streptococcus faecium, plesiomonas shigelloides, pseudomonas putrefaciens and escherichia coli. | 1987 | 3682102 |
| volatile fatty acid concentrations in the digestive tract of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus. | 1. digesta samples were collected from five west indian manatees, trichechus manatus, for volatile fatty acid (vfa) analysis. 2. mean total vfa concentrations were low in the stomach and duodenum (18.6 and 12.3 mm/l, respectively). mean vfa concentrations were considerably higher in the cecum and colon (220.6 and 307.3 mm/l, respectively). 3. the relative proportions of the individual vfa's shifted from predominantly acetic acid in the foregut to a mixture of acetic, butyric and propionic acids ... | 1987 | 3677614 |
| lung mechanical properties in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | airway dimensions, extent of cartilage reinforcements and lung mechanical properties were examined in excised lungs of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). all airways with a mean inside diameter of more than 0.6 mm had complete cartilaginous rings in their walls, and cartilage reinforcement extended into the respiratory bronchi. expiratory flow rates over the vital capacity range were higher than those encountered in humans varying between 20 and 50% of peak flow at 25% of vital capaci ... | 1987 | 3602612 |
| helminths of the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, with a discussion and summary of the parasites of sirenians. | we examined 215 florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) at necropsy to determine the helminth fauna. six species were identified: heterocheilus tunicatus (nematoda: ascaridoidea); anoplocephala sp. (cestoda: cyclophyllidea); and 4 species of trematodes, cochleotrema cochleotrema (digenea: opisthotrematidae), chiorchis fabaceus (digenea: paramphistomatidae), nudacotyle undicola (digenea: nudacotylidae), and moniligerum blairi (digenea: opisthotrematidae). seventy-three percent of the ma ... | 1988 | 3397825 |
| bile salts of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris: novel bile alcohol sulfates and absence of bile acids. | the bile salts present in gallbladder bile of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, an herbivorous marine mammal of the tropical and subtropical margins of the atlantic ocean, were found to consist of a mixture of bile alcohol sulfates. bile acids, previously believed to be present in all mammals, were not detected. using chromatography, mass spectrometry, and 1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the major bile alcohol was identified as 5 beta-cholestane-3 alph ... | 1988 | 3392467 |
| synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,25,26-pentol and identification of a novel bile alcohol, alpha-trichechol, present in the west indian manatee bile. | in order to confirm the structure of alpha-trichechol, the major bile alcohol of the west indian manatee, chemical synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,25,26-pentol was carried out. the chain of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-chol-6-en-24-oic acid was elongated by an arndt-eistert reaction to form 3 alpha-hydroxy-26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholest-6-en-25-oic acid. the unsaturated c25 bile acid was converted into 3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha-trihydroxy-25-homo-5 beta-cholan-25-oic acid by 1,2-glycol ... | 1989 | 2805165 |
| renal anatomy of the manatee, trichechus manatus, linnaeus. | the manatee kidney is composed of several closely apposed lobes. these are formed by cortical folds (plicae corticales) that completely isolate the medullae, except where the medullae of adjacent lobes are partially fused. the cortex is continuous; its folds usually are separated, but only partially, by interlobar septa extending from the renal capsule. the cortex makes up approximately 57% of renal mass in adults and 68% in the calf. there are about 3 million glomeruli per kidney. the average i ... | 1989 | 2756903 |
| gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus (mammalia: sirenia). | examination of the gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus, revealed that: (1) the medulla is about 6 times thicker than the cortex; (2) juxtamedullary glomeruli have a mean diameter 1.3 times greater than that of cortical glomeruli; (3) juxtamedullary glomeruli have 1.7 times as much volume as cortical glomeruli; (4) there are about twice as many cortical glomeruli as juxtamedullary glomeruli per square millimeter of cortical tissue, and (5) th ... | 1989 | 2750460 |
| manatee cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture of the frontal region in trichechus manatus latirostris. | members of the order sirenia are unique among mammals in being the only totally aquatic herbivores. they display correspondingly specialized physiological, behavioral and anatomical features. there have been few reports concerning sirenian neuroanatomy, and most of these have consisted of gross anatomical observations. our interest in sirenia stems from the desire to understand neuroanatomical specializations in the context of behavior and the effort to elucidate trends in mammalian brain evolut ... | 1989 | 2611642 |
| regional brain morphometry and lissencephaly in the sirenia. | neuroanatomical structure was examined in the brains of west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) using computer-based morphometric methods. although manatees have a small relative brain size, volume estimates of the major brain regions indicate that the telencephalon comprises 71% of total brain volume and is 90% cerebral cortex. these values are comparable to those seen among a diversity of taxa having large relative brain size, including many primates. manatee brains also exhibit well-defined ... | 1990 | 2379080 |
| manatee cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture of the caudal region in trichechus manatus latirostris. | in several brains of the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, the architecture of caudal regions of cerebral cortex was examined in order to complete a map of cortical areas in the brain of this unique herbivore. through observation of sections stained for nissl substance, myelinated axons, acetylcholinesterase and cytochrome oxidase, we have identified 11 new cortical areas based on qualitative cytoarchitectural appearance and measurements of laminar thicknesses, for a total of 24 s ... | 1995 | 7866767 |
| color vision in the manatee (trichechus manatus). | four manatees were trained to discriminate between a colored stimulus and a shade of gray in a two-fold simultaneous choice situation. the colors blue, green, red and blue-green were tested against shades of gray varying from low to high relative brightness. the animals distinguished both blue and green from a series of grays but failed to discriminate red and blue-green from certain steps of grays. the manatees could not discriminate between a uv-reflecting white target and an uv-absorbing whit ... | 1996 | 8917762 |
| structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris. | the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris (sirenia: trichechidae), is the largest herbivorous marine mammal. previously, components of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of the species have been described, but no comprehensive descriptions of the gross and microscopic anatomy existed. this study integrates function and structure of the entire florida manatee gi tract. | 1996 | 8800413 |
| interordinal mammalian relationships: evidence for paenungulate monophyly is provided by complete mitochondrial 12s rrna sequences. | the complete mitochondrial 12s rrna sequences of 5 placental mammals belonging to the 3 orders sirenia, proboscidea, and hyracoidea are reported together with phylogenetic analyses (distance and parsimony) of a total of 51 mammalian orthologues. this 12s rrna database now includes the 2 extant proboscideans (the african and asiatic elephants loxodonta africana and elephas maximus), 2 of the 3 extant sirenian genera (the sea cow dugong dugon and the west indian manatee trichechus manatus), and 2 ... | 1996 | 8899726 |
| phylogenetic position of mammoth and steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial dna sequences. | here we report dna sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene segments (1,005 base pairs per species) for the extinct woolly mammoth (mammuthus primigenius) and steller's sea cow (hydrodamalis gigas) and the extant asian elephant (elephas maximus), the western indian manatee (trichechus manatus), and the hyrax (procavia capensis). these molecular data have allowed us to construct the phylogeny for the tethytheria. our molecular data resolve the trichotomy between the two species of living el ... | 1997 | 9089080 |
| brightness discrimination ability in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | two manatees were tested on their ability to discriminate brightness using a series of 30 shades of grey varying from white to black. the animals were trained to discriminate between different shades of grey in a twofold simultaneous-choice situation. their ability to discern brightness differences correlates with werber's law, and the calculated werber fraction is 0.35. | 1997 | 9202447 |
| analysis of aerial survey data on florida manatee using markov chain monte carlo. | we assess population trends of the atlantic coast population of florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, by reanalyzing aerial survey data collected between 1982 and 1992. to do so, we develop an explicit biological model that accounts for the method by which the manatees are counted, the mammals' movement between surveys, and the behavior of the population total over time. bayesian inference, enabled by markov chain monte carlo, is used to combine the survey data with the biological mod ... | 1997 | 9192449 |
| some hot topics in animal bioacoustics. | this paper is derived from a "hot topics in animal bioacoustics" presentation at the 130th meeting of the acoustical society of america in st. louis, missouri. six bioacoustics studies on a wide variety of species are discussed. two of the studies are concerned with insects, the parasitoid fly, and cotton bollworms. the remaining bioacoustics studies are on aquatic animals including the west indian manatee, elephant seals, and dolphins. | 1997 | 9165723 |
| phylogeography of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus): how many populations and how many taxa? | to resolve the population genetic structure and phylogeography of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus), mitochondrial (mt) dna control region sequences were compared among eight locations across the western atlantic region. fifteen haplotypes were identified among 86 individuals from florida, puerto rico, the dominican republic, mexico, columbia, venezuela, guyana and brazil. despite the manatee's ability to move thousands of kilometers along continental margins, strong population separa ... | 1998 | 9734072 |
| helminths from a stranded manatee in the dominican republic. | endangered west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) are known to be parasitized by a number of helminths and ectoparasites. records of parasitic associations exist for florida, mexico, guyana, brazil, cuba and recently for puerto rico. parasites of manatees in other caribbean areas have not been documented, particularly from hispaniola. we report on the occurrence of a species of nematode and of two trematodes from a 238-cm male manatee from portillo (19 degrees 20' n, 69 degrees 35' w), las te ... | 1999 | 9950330 |
| estimation of water turnover rates of captive west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) held in fresh and salt water. | the ability of west indian manatees (trichechus manatus) to move between fresh and salt water raises the question of whether manatees drink salt water. water turnover rates were estimated in captive west indian manatees using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. rates were quantified in animals using four experimental treatments: (1) held in fresh water and fed lettuce (n=4), (2) held in salt water and fed lettuce (n=2), (3) acutely exposed to salt water and fed lettuce (n=4), and (4) chronic ... | 1999 | 9841892 |
| the underwater audiogram of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | the hearing thresholds of two adult manatees were measured using a forced-choice two alternative paradigm and an up/down staircase psychometric method. this is the first behavioral audiogram measured for any sirenian, as well as the first underwater infrasonic psychometric test with a marine mammal. auditory thresholds were obtained from 0.4 to 46 khz, and detection thresholds of possible vibrotactile origin were measured at 0.015-0.2 khz. the u-shaped audiogram demonstrates an upper limit of fu ... | 1999 | 10380675 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite dna markers in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) and their application in selected sirenian species. | 2000 | 11123632 | |
| thyroid hormone concentrations in captive and free-ranging west indian manatees (trichechus manatus). | because thyroid hormones play a critical role in the regulation of metabolism, the low metabolic rates reported for manatees suggest that thyroid hormone concentrations in these animals may also be reduced. however, thyroid hormone concentrations have yet to be examined in manatees. the effects of captivity, diet and water salinity on plasma total triiodothyronine (tt(3)), total thyroxine (tt(4)) and free thyroxine (ft(4)) concentrations were assessed in adult west indian manatees (trichechus ma ... | 2000 | 11060224 |
| diaphragm structure and function in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | relative to many other mammals, little is known about the functional morphology of the four extant species of the order sirenia. in this study, 166 florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) carcasses fresh enough to collect detailed anatomical information were examined to describe the gross anatomy of the diaphragm. our results show that the florida manatee's diaphragm differs from those of other mammals in that it: lies in a dorsal plane, rather than in the more typical transverse plane; ... | 2000 | 10760742 |
| manatee mortality in puerto rico. | / the most pressing problem in the effective management of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) in puerto rico is mortality due to human activities. we assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in puerto rico based on historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. we determined patterns of mortality, including type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death. the spatial distribution o ... | 2000 | 10594192 |
| ultrastructure of the spermatozoa from a florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | semen was opportunistically collected from a free-ranging, 10-year-old, 275 cm (total length) florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) during rehabilitation treatments. ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and differed slightly from that described for other mammals. comparisons to the manatee's closest phylogenetic relatives, the elephant and hyrax, were made. the manatee spermatozoa had a similar acrosome but a distinct annulus ... | 2001 | 11534332 |
| characterization of kidney epithelial cells from the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris. | the west-indian manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, is a herbivorous marine mammal found in the coastal waters of florida. because of their endangered status, animal experimentation is not allowed. therefore, a cell line was developed and characterized from tissue collected during necropsies of the manatees. a primary cell culture was established by isolating single cells from kidney tissue using both enzymatic and mechanical techniques. primary manatee kidney (mk) cells were subcultured fo ... | 2001 | 11515973 |
| functional morphology of venous structures associated with the male and female reproductive systems in florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | the reproductive organs of florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) are surrounded by thermogenic locomotory muscles and insulating fat. manatees are reported to maintain core body temperatures of 35.6 degrees -36.4 degrees c, temperatures known to interfere with production and maturation of viable sperm in terrestrial mammals. we describe two novel venous plexuses associated with the manatee epididymis. each epididymis is located in a hypogastric fossa at the caudolateral extremity of ... | 2001 | 11745089 |
| gross and microscopic observations on the lingual structure of the florida manatee trichechus manatus latirostris. | the tongue of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) was studied macroscopically, light and electron microscopically. the tongue was slender, muscular and firmly fixed in the oral cavity; only the cranial tip was free and mobile. numerous filiform papillae were distributed over the dorsal surface of the rostral tongue. multiple raised, round fungiform-like papillae were distributed over most of the dorsum. typical fungiform papillae were restricted to the lateral margins of the ton ... | 2002 | 12484420 |
| tactile hairs on the postcranial body in florida manatees: a mammalian lateral line? | previous reports have suggested that the sparsely distributed hairs found on the entire postcranial body of sirenians are all sinus type tactile hairs. this would represent a unique arrangement because no other mammal has been reported to possess tactile hairs except on restricted regions of the body, primarily the face. in order to investigate this issue further, hair counts were made systematically in three florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris), and hair follicle microanatomy was s ... | 2002 | 12119533 |
| viral papillomatosis in florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) is one of the most endangered marine mammals in american coastal waters. naturally resistant to infectious disease, the manatee immune system appears highly developed to protect it against the harsh marine environment and the effects of human-related injury. in 1997, seven captive florida manatees developed multiple, cutaneous, pedunculated papillomas over a period of 6 months. approximately 3 years later, four of the seven manatees developed ... | 2002 | 11784121 |
| comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the florida manatee (order sirenia) and bottlenose dolphin (order cetacea; suborder odontoceti). | the position, porosity and oil-filled nature of the zygomatic process of the squamosal bone (zpsb) of the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris, suggest that it may have a similar sound conduction function to that of the intramandibular fat body (imfb) of the bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus, and other odontocetes. to examine this possibility we determined the lipid composition of the zpsb and adipose tissue from the dorsal part of the head region of the florida manatee, and comp ... | 2002 | 12091108 |
| structure and presumptive function of the iridocorneal angle of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus), short-finned pilot whale (globicephala macrorhynchus), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), and african elephant (loxodonta africana). | the iridocorneal angles of prepared eyes from the west indian manatee, short-finned pilot whale, hippopotamus and african elephant were examined and compared using light microscopy. the manatee and pilot whale demonstrated capacity for a large amount of aqueous outflow, probably as part of a system compensating for lack of ciliary musculature, and possibly also related to environmental changes associated with life at varying depths. the elephant angle displayed many characteristics of large herb ... | 2003 | 12641841 |
| effects of brevetoxins on murine myeloma sp2/o cells: aberrant cellular division. | massive deaths of manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) during the red tide seasons have been attributed to brevetoxins produced by the dinoflagellate karenia brevis (formerly ptychodiscus breve and gymnodinium breve). although these toxins have been found in macrophages and lymphocytes in the lung, liver, and secondary lymphoid tissues of these animals, the molecular mechanisms of brevetoxicosis have not yet been identified. to investigate the effects of brevetoxins on immune cells, a murin ... | 2003 | 12745987 |
| mycobacteriosis in two captive florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | two male florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) died at the marine aquarium in inagi city, tokyo, japan. acid-fast bacteria were demonstrated in tuberculoid nodules in the lungs from both manatees. mycobacterium marinum and m. fortuitum were isolated from one manatee; m. marinum and m. kansasii were cultured from the second animal. this report confirms the pathogenicity and potentially fatal outcome of mycobacterial infection in manatees. in addition, the pathologic response to infect ... | 2003 | 12885137 |
| toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. | toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and s. canis are related protozoans that can cause mortality in many species of domestic and wild animals. recently, t. gondii and s. neurona were recognized to cause encephalitis in marine mammals. as yet, there is no report of natural exposure of n. caninum in marine mammals. in the present study, antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum were assayed in sera of several species of marine mammals. for t. gondii, sera were diluted 1:25, 1:50 ... | 2003 | 14580799 |
| acoustic detection of manatee vocalizations. | the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become endangered partly because of a growing number of collisions with boats. a system to warn boaters of the presence of manatees, that can signal to boaters that manatees are present in the immediate vicinity, could potentially reduce these boat collisions. in order to identify the presence of manatees, acoustic methods are employed. within this paper, three different detection algorithms are used to detect the calls of the west ind ... | 2003 | 14514217 |
| intraspecific and geographic variation of west indian manatee (trichechus manatus spp.) vocalizations. | 2003 | 12880020 | |
| vascular adaptations for heat conservation in the tail of florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | although florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) have relatively low basal metabolic rates for aquatic mammals of their size, they maintain normal mammalian core temperatures. we describe vascular structures in the manatee tail that permit countercurrent heat exchange (cche) to conserve thermal energy. approximately 1000 arteries juxtaposed to 2000 veins are found at the cranial end of the caudal vascular bundle (cvb); these numbers decrease caudally, but the 1:2 ratio of arteries to v ... | 2003 | 12739612 |
| characterization of a novel close-to-root papillomavirus from a florida manatee by using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification: trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1. | by using an isothermal multiply primed rolling-circle amplification protocol, the complete genomic dna of a novel papillomavirus was amplified from a skin lesion biopsy of a florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris), one of the most endangered marine mammals in united states coastal waters. the nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and phylogenetic position of the trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1 (tmpv-1) were determined. tmpv-1 is the first virus isolated from the ... | 2004 | 15507660 |
| determination of west indian manatee vocalization levels and rate. | the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become endangered partly because of a growing number of collisions with boats. a system to warn boaters of the presence of manatees, based upon the vocalizations of manatees, could potentially reduce these boat collisions. the feasibility of this warning system would depend mainly upon two factors: the rate at which manatees vocalize and the distance in which the manatees can be detected. the research presented in this paper verifies t ... | 2004 | 14759033 |
| molecular identification of a papilloma virus from cutaneous lesions of captive and free-ranging florida manatees. | cutaneous papillomatous lesions were biopsied from three captive florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) at homosassa springs state wildlife park (hsswp), homosassa, florida, usa, and from six free-ranging florida manatees from crystal and homosassa rivers, florida. total dna extracted from these lesions was assayed for the presence of papilloma virus genomes using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers that target the l1 capsid protein gene. the amplification generated dna f ... | 2005 | 16107681 |
| corneal vascularization in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) and three-dimensional reconstruction of vessels. | the cornea of the florida manatee is unique and unusual in its anatomy in that blood vessels have been found throughout. in all other animal species, this is considered a pathological condition impeding vision, and is usually caused by injury or trauma. the purpose of this study was to more clearly describe corneal vascularization by examining the architecture through three-dimensional reconstruction in order to find possible patterns in size, distribution, and location of blood vessels relative ... | 2005 | 15762922 |
| background noise cancellation for improved acoustic detection of manatee vocalizations. | the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become endangered partly because of an increase in the number of collisions with boats. a device to alert boaters of the presence of manatees, so that a collision can be avoided, is desired. a practical implementation of the technology is dependent on the hydrophone spacing and range of detection. these parameters are primarily dependent on the manatee vocalization strength, the decay of the signal's strength with distance, and the bac ... | 2005 | 16018460 |
| malignant lymphoma in a west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | we identified a malignant lymphoma infiltrating the lung, liver, kidney, mesenteric lymph nodes, and eye as the cause of death in a male west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). diagnosis was based on gross, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical studies. tissue samples from ten organs were included in a tissue microarray and sections from this array were subjected to immunohistochemical staining. the cytoplasm of the neoplastic lymphocytes identified in six organs was positive for cd3, a mar ... | 2005 | 16456180 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the angioarchitecture of the ciliary body of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | to examine the angioarchitecture of the ciliary body in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus), through the use of three-dimensional reconstruction. | 2005 | 16359359 |
| temporal resolution of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) auditory system. | auditory evoked potential (aep) measurements of two florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) were measured in response to amplitude modulated tones. the aep measurements showed weak responses to test stimuli from 4 khz to 40 khz. the manatee modulation rate transfer function (mrtf) is maximally sensitive to 150 and 600 hz amplitude modulation (am) rates. the 600 hz am rate is midway between the am sensitivities of terrestrial mammals (chinchillas, gerbils, and humans) (80-150 hz) and do ... | 2005 | 16001184 |
| characterization of surface interleukin-2 receptor expression on gated populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from manatees, trichechus manatus latirostris. | an in vitro system to determine surface interleukin-2 receptor (il-2r) expression on mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from free-ranging manatees, trichechus manatus latirostris was developed. human recombinant il-2, conjugated with a fluorescein dye was used in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis to determine changes in surface expression of il-2r at sequential times over a 48-h period of in vitro stimulation. surface expression of il-2r was detected on manatee ... | 2005 | 16112745 |
| the elephants of zoba gash barka, eritrea: part 4. cholelithiasis in a wild african elephant (loxodonta africana). | a 4.0-kg cholelith was found within the abdominal cavity of a dead wild african elephant (loxodonta africana) in eritrea. analysis of this cholelith by histochemistry, electron microscopy, electrospray mass spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed it was composed of bile alcohols but no calcium, bilirubin, or cholesterol. bacteria were also found in the cholelith. similar, but smaller, bile stones have been identified previously in other wild african elephants and an excav ... | 2005 | 17312726 |
| phylogeography and population genetics of the endangered amazonian manatee, trichechus inunguis natterer, 1883 (mammalia, sirenia). | we used mitochondrial dna control region sequences to examine phylogeography and population differentiation of the endangered amazonian manatee trichechus inunguis. we observe lack of molecular differentiation among localities and we find weak association between geographical and genetic distances. however, nested clade analysis supports restricted gene flow and/or dispersal with some long-distance dispersal. although this species has a history of extensive hunting, genetic diversity and effecti ... | 2005 | 15660933 |
| evaluation of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in west indian manatees. | to evaluate biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in west indian manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | 2005 | 15646579 |
| effects of environmental stressors on lymphocyte proliferation in florida manatees, trichechus manatus latirostris. | the health of many florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) is adversely affected each year by exposure to cold weather or harmful algal blooms (red tide; karenia brevis). exposures can be sublethal, resulting in stressed animals that are rescued and taken to authorized facilities for rehabilitation, or lethal if exposures are prolonged or unusually severe. to investigate whether sublethal environmental exposures can impair immune function in manatees, rendering animals vulnerable to di ... | 2005 | 15621310 |
| theoretical detection ranges for acoustic based manatee avoidance technology. | the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become endangered partly because of watercraft collisions in florida's coastal waterways. to reduce the number of collisions, warning systems based upon detecting manatee vocalizations have been proposed. one aspect of the feasibility of an acoustically based warning system relies upon the distance at which a manatee vocalization is detectable. assuming a mixed spreading model, this paper presents a theoretical analysis of the system d ... | 2006 | 16875213 |
| comments on "intraspecific and geographic variation of west indian manatee (trichechus manatus spp.) vocalizations" [j. acoust. soc. am. 114, 66-69 (2003)]. | this letter concerns the paper "intraspecific and geographic variation of west indian manatee (trichechus manatus spp.) vocalizations" [nowacek et al., j. acoust. soc. am. 114, 66-69 (2003)]. the purpose here is to correct the fundamental frequency range and information on intraindividual variation in the vocalizations of amazonian manatees reported by nowacek et al. (2003) in citing the paper "signature information and individual recognition in the isolation calls of amazonian manatees, trichec ... | 2006 | 16838493 |
| phylogeography, phylogeny and hybridization in trichechid sirenians: implications for manatee conservation. | abstract the three living species of manatees, west indian (trichechus manatus), amazonian (trichechus inunguis) and west african (trichechus senegalensis), are distributed across the shallow tropical and subtropical waters of america and the western coast of africa. we have sequenced the mitochondrial dna control region in 330 trichechus to compare their phylogeographic patterns. in t. manatus we observed a marked population structure with the identification of three haplotype clusters showing ... | 2006 | 16448411 |
| managing endangered species within the use-preservation paradox: the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) as a tourism attraction. | a significant challenge to wildlife managers in tourism settings is to provide visitors with opportunities to observe rare and endangered wildlife while simultaneously protecting the target species from deleterious impacts. nearly 100,000 people annually visit crystal river, florida, usa to observe and swim with the florida manatee, an endangered species. this research aimed to investigate and describe human-manatee interactions in a tourism context, to understand the salient issues related to s ... | 2006 | 16362492 |
| comparison of methods used to diagnose generalized inflammatory disease in manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) are afflicted with inflammatory and infectious disease secondary to human interaction, such as boat strike and entanglement, as well as "cold stress syndrome" and pneumonia. white-blood-cell count and fever, primary indicators of systemic inflammation in most species, are insensitive in diagnosing inflammatory disease in manatees. acute phase-response proteins, such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid a, have proven to be sensitive measures of inflammation/ ... | 2006 | 17312794 |
| comparative anatomy of the ciliary body of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) and selected species. | to examine the anatomy of the ciliary body in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus), paying close attention to its vascularization and to compare to those of its distant relative, the african elephant (loxodonta africana), the amphibious hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius) and the aquatic short-finned pilot whale (globicephala macrorhynchus). | 2006 | 16359360 |
| the visual pigments of the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | manatees are unique among the fully aquatic marine mammals in that they are herbivorous creatures, with hunting strategies restricted to grazing on sea-grasses. since the other groups of (carnivorous) marine mammals have been found to possess various visual system adaptations to their unique visual environments, it was of interest to investigate the visual capability of the manatee. previous work, both behavioral (griebel & schmid, 1996), and ultrastructural (cohen, tucker, & odell, 1982; unpubl ... | 2006 | 16650454 |
| application of fracture mechanics to failure in manatee rib bone. | the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) is listed as endangered by the u.s. department of the interior. manatee ribs have different microstructure from the compact bone of other mammals. biomechanical properties of the manatee ribs need to be better understood. fracture toughness (k(c)) has been shown to be a good index to assess the mechanical performance of bone. quantitative fractography can be used in concert with fracture mechanics equations to identify fracture initiating defe ... | 2006 | 16706577 |
| methods used during gross necropsy to determine watercraft-related mortality in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | between 1993 and 2003, 713 (24%) of 2,940 dead florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) recovered from florida waters and examined were killed by watercraft-induced trauma. it was determined that this mortality was the result of watercraft trauma because the external wound patterns and the internal lesions seen during gross necropsy are recognizable and diagnostic. this study documents the methods used in determining watercraft-related mortality during gross necropsy and explains why th ... | 2006 | 17319124 |
| electrocardiography in two subspecies of manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris and t. m. manatus). | electrocardiographic (ecg) measurements were recorded in two subspecies of awake, apparently healthy, wild manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris and t. m. manatus) undergoing routine field examinations in florida and belize. six unsedated juveniles (dependent and independent calves) and 6 adults were restrained in ventral recumbency for ecg measurements. six lead ecgs were recorded for all manatees and the following parameters were determined: heart rate and rhythm; p, qrs, and t wave morphol ... | 2006 | 17315428 |
| background noise cancellation of manatee vocalizations using an adaptive line enhancer. | the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) has become an endangered species partly because of an increase in the number of collisions with boats. a device to alert boaters of the presence of manatees is desired. previous research has shown that background noise limits the manatee vocalization detection range (which is critical for practical implementation). by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured manatee vocalization signal, it is possible to extend the detection ran ... | 2006 | 16875212 |
| measurement of the acoustic reflectivity of sirenia (florida manatees) at 171 khz. | the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) is an endangered sirenian. at present, its adult population (approximately 2200) seems stable, but tenuous. manatee-boat collisions are a significant proportion (approximately 25%) of mortalities. here, the potential use of active sonar for detecting manatees by quantifying sonic reflectivity is explored. in order to estimate reflectivity two methods were used. one method measured live reflections from captive animals using a carefully calibra ... | 2007 | 17297771 |
| ct scans and 3d reconstructions of florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) heads and ear bones. | the auditory anatomy of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) was investigated using computerized tomography (ct), three-dimensional reconstructions, and traditional dissection of heads removed during necropsy. the densities (kg/m3) of the soft tissues of the head were measured directly using the displacement method and those of the soft tissues and bone were calculated from ct measurements (hounsfield units). the manatee's fatty tissue was significantly less dense than the other ... | 2007 | 17420106 |
| a contribution for the definition of serum chemistry values in captive adults antillean manatees (trichechus manatus manatus linnaeus, 1758). | serum chemistry analyses represents a fundamental tool for the diagnosis and understanding of diseases in marine mammals. although several studies are being conducted within the field of clinical pathology, haematological and serum chemistry data for antillean manatees are deficient. the purpose of this study was to determine serum chemistry values for captive antillean manatees within the cma/ibama facility in brazil. serum samples were obtained from five captive adult antillean manatees fed wi ... | 2007 | 17381673 |
| swimming kinematics of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris): hydrodynamic analysis of an undulatory mammalian swimmer. | the submerged swimming of the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris), a subspecies of the west indian manatee, was studied by filming individuals as they swam rectilinearly in a large pool at several rehabilitation centers. the swimming was analyzed using videography to detail the kinematics in conjunction with a hydromechanical model to determine the power output (p(t)) and propulsive efficiency (eta(p)). manatees swam at velocities of 0.06-1.14 m s(-1). locomotion was accomplished by ... | 2007 | 17601944 |
| topographical organization of the facial motor nucleus in florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) possess modified vibrissae that are used in conjunction with specialized perioral musculature to manipulate vegetation for ingestion, and aid in the tactile exploration of their environment. therefore it is expected that manatees possess a large facial motor nucleus that exhibits a complex organization relative to other taxa. the topographical organization of the facial motor nucleus of five adult florida manatees was analyzed using neuroanatomic ... | 2007 | 17595536 |
| chromosome painting among proboscidea, hyracoidea and sirenia: support for paenungulata (afrotheria, mammalia) but not tethytheria. | despite marked improvements in the interpretation of systematic relationships within eutheria, particular nodes, including paenungulata (hyracoidea, sirenia and proboscidea), remain ambiguous. the combination of a rapid radiation, a deep divergence and an extensive morphological diversification has resulted in a limited phylogenetic signal confounding resolution within this clade both at the morphological and nucleotide levels. cross-species chromosome painting was used to delineate regions of h ... | 2007 | 17374594 |
| vertebral anatomy in the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris: a developmental and evolutionary analysis. | the vertebral column of the florida manatee presents an unusual suite of morphological traits. key among these are a small precaudal count, elongate thoracic vertebrae, extremely short neural spines, lack of a sacral series, high lumbar variability, and the presence of six instead of seven cervical vertebrae. this study documents vertebral morphology, size, and lumbar variation in 71 skeletons of trichechus manatus latirostris (florida manatee) and uses the skeletons of trichechus senegalensis ( ... | 2007 | 17516429 |
| digesta passage rates in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris (sirenia: trichechidae), is an herbivorous marine mammal found within coastal areas throughout the state of florida, which feeds on both fresh and salt water sea grasses. manatees, like other sirenians, are a tropical species with little tolerance for water temperatures below 20 degrees c, rely on a relatively poor nutritional food source, and have a low metabolic rate. although manatees are hindgut fermenting herbivores, they are very efficien ... | 2007 | 19360597 |
| clinical biochemistry in healthy manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) are endangered aquatic mammals living in coastal and riverine waterways of florida and adjacent states. serum or plasma biochemical analyses are important tools in evaluating the health of free-ranging and captive manatees. the purpose of this study was to measure diagnostically important analytes in the plasma of healthy manatees and to determine whether there was significant variation with respect to location (free-ranging versus captive), age ... | 2007 | 17679511 |
| adaptations in the structure and innervation of follicle-sinus complexes to an aquatic environment as seen in the florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris). | florida manatees are large-bodied aquatic herbivores that use large tactile vibrissae for several purposes. facial vibrissae are used to forage in a turbid water environment, and the largest perioral vibrissae can also grasp and manipulate objects. other vibrissae distributed over the entire postfacial body appear to function as a lateral line system. all manatee vibrissae emanate from densely innervated follicle-sinus complexes (fscs) like those in other mammals, although proportionately larger ... | 2007 | 17640045 |
| autocorrelation based denoising of manatee vocalizations using the undecimated discrete wavelet transform. | recent interest in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) vocalizations has been primarily induced by an effort to reduce manatee mortality rates due to watercraft collisions. a warning system based on passive acoustic detection of manatee vocalizations is desired. the success and feasibility of such a system depends on effective denoising of the vocalizations in the presence of high levels of background noise. in the last decade, simple and effective wavelet domain nonlinear d ... | 2007 | 17614478 |
| production of nitric oxide by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris. | florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) are exposed to many conditions in their habitat that may adversely impact health and impair immune function in this endangered species. in an effort to increase the current knowledge base regarding the manatee immune system, the production of an important reactive nitrogen intermediate, nitric oxide (no), by manatee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was investigated. pbmc from healthy captive manatees were stimulated with lps, ifn-gamma, ... | 2007 | 17614139 |
| a pcr assay for gender assignment in dugong (dugong dugon) and west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | gender assignment for some aquatic mammals in the field is difficult. molecular sexing from tissue biopsies is possible as males are heterogametic. here we describe a multiplex pcr assay that amplifies the male specific sry gene and differentiates zfx and zfy gametologues in two sirenian species, dugong (dugong dugon) and west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). the assay was validated with animals of known gender and proved accurate and robust to experimental failure. | 2008 | 21585866 |
| nephrolithiasis and pyelonephritis in two west indian manatees (trichechus manatus spp.). | two west indian manatees (trichechus manatus spp.) were reported with severe emaciation. one animal was a florida manatee from the everglades; the other was an antillean manatee from cuba. on necropsy, both animals had nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, and moderate to severe renomegaly. histopathology revealed multifocal to diffuse pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and nephrocalcinosis. the stones were analyzed and consisted primarily of calcium carbonate. serum chemistry values for the flo ... | 2008 | 18689658 |
| debromoaplysiatoxin in lyngbya-dominated mats on manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) in the florida king's bay ecosystem. | proliferation of the potentially toxic cyanobacterium, lyngbya, in florida lakes and rivers has raised concerns about ecosystem and human health. debromoaplysiatoxin (dat) was measured in concentrations up to 6.31 microg/g wet weight lyngbyatoxin a equivalents (wwlae) in lyngbya-dominated mats collected from natural substrates. dat was also detected (up to 1.19 microg/g wwlae) in lyngbya-dominated mats collected from manatee dorsa. ulcerative dermatitis found on manatees is associated with, but ... | 2008 | 18585400 |
| six novel gammaherpesviruses of afrotheria provide insight into the early divergence of the gammaherpesvirinae. | the afrotheria represent an early branching of placental mammals. only two herpesviruses from afrotheria have been previously identified, and the genus proboscivirus in the subfamily betaherpesvirinae has been proposed for them. six novel gammaherpesviruses were identified in four species in the superorder afrotheria by detection and analysis of their dna polymerase genes. elephantid herpesvirus 3 (elhv3) and elephantid herpesvirus 4 (elhv4) were identified from conjunctival swabs from asian ele ... | 2008 | 17884307 |
| validation of a serum immunoassay to measure progesterone and diagnose pregnancy in the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus). | the objective was to validate a high-sensitivity chemiluminescent assay of serum progesterone concentrations for pregnancy diagnosis in manatees. assay analytical sensitivity was 0.1 ng/ml, with mean intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 9.7 and 9.2%, respectively, and accuracy had a mean adjusted r(2) of 0.98. methods comparison (relative to siemen's coat-a-count ria) demonstrated r=0.98, deming regression slope of 0.95, and an intercept of 0.01. based on roc analysis, a progester ... | 2008 | 18760463 |
| comparison of blood aminotransferase methods for assessment of myopathy and hepatopathy in florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | muscle injury is common in florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). plasma aspartate aminotransferase (ast) is frequently used to assess muscular damage in capture myopathy and traumatic injury. therefore, accurate measurement of ast and alanine aminotransferase (alt) is important in managed, free-ranging animals, as well as in those rehabilitating from injury. activities of these enzymes, however, are usually not increased in manatees with either acute or chronic muscle damage, despit ... | 2008 | 18634208 |
| concentrations of trace elements in blood and skin of florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris). | 2008 | 18468646 | |
| permanent genetic resources: eighteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endangered florida manatee, trichechus manatus latirostris. | here we describe 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci for trichechus manatus latirostris (florida manatee), isolated using a polymerase chain reaction-based technique. the number of alleles at each locus ranged from two to four (mean = 2.5) in specimens from southwest (n = 58) and northeast (n = 58) florida. expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.11 to 0.67 (mean = 0.35) and from 0.02 to 0.78 (mean = 0.34), respectively. departures from hardy-weinberg equilibrium occurred at two loci ... | 2008 | 21585782 |