Publications

the american ferret.		1885	17772108
studies in the embryology of the ferret.		1911	17232892
reconstruction of the head end of an early ferret embryo.		1911	17232893
spina bifida in the neck region of a ferret embryo 8 mm. long.		1912	17232935
the earliest stages of development of the blood-vessels and of the heart in ferret embryos.		1917	17103829
the earliest stages of development of the blood-vessels and of the heart in ferret embryos.		1918	17103832
the pluriovular follicle, with reference to its occurrence in the ferret.		1928	17104179
the early development of the ferret: the pronuclei.		1930	17104277
the early development of the ferret: the cytoplasm.		1931	17104336
the early development of the ferret: the zona granulosa, zona pellucida and associated structures.		1932	17104395
the effect of hysterectomy on the oestrous cycle of the ferret.		1933	16994405
induction of ovulation in the unmated oestrous ferret.		1933	16994486
the infection of ferrets with swine influenza virus.	the experiments described confirm the earlier observation of smith, andrewes, and laidlaw that the swine influenza virus is pathogenic for ferrets when administered intranasally. a disease that is clinically more severe and pathologically more extensive than that described by the above workers is obtained if inoculation with the virus is performed under ether anesthesia. animals infected in this way show at autopsy an edematous type of pneumonia of lobar distribution which may terminate fatally. ...	1934	19870285
rift valley fever : a report of three cases of laboratory infection and the experimental transmission of the disease to ferrets.	three cases of rift valley fever in human individuals are reported. the virus was recovered from the respiratory tract of the patients and was transmitted to ferrets by the intranasal route. the experimental disease so produced in ferrets is characterized by fever, marked pulmonary lesions, and hemorrhagic phenomena. the results indicate that the virus of rift valley fever belongs to the group of filterable viruses which may gain entrance to the human body through the respiratory tract. the diff ...	1935	19870425
immunological studies with the virus of influenza.	following infection with the virus of influenza, both ferrets and mice develop a state of active immunity to reinfection. the serum of these animals contains neutralizing antibodies, as evidenced by the capacity of the serum to confer passive protection to mice against infection with the p.r.8 and phila. strains of the virus of human influenza. rabbits which are apparently insusceptible to infection with the virus of influenza produce specific antibodies in response to repeated injection of viru ...	1935	19870430
the infection of mice with swine influenza virus.	the experiments confirm the earlier observation of andrewes, laidlaw and smith that the swine influenza virus is pathogenic for white mice when administered intranasally. two field strains of the swine influenza virus were found to differ in their initial pathogenicity for mice. one strain was apparently fully pathogenic even in its 1st mouse passage while the other required 2 or 3 mouse passages to acquire full virulence for this species. both strains, however, were initially infectious for mic ...	1935	19870434
streptococcus infection occurring in ferrets inoculated with human influenza virus.		1935	21433668
a note on the susceptibility of ferrets to the virus of the common cold.		1935	16559800
studies with human influenza virus cultivated in artificial medium.	the in vitro cultivation of strains of human influenza virus has been successfully conducted through a prolonged series of successive transfers. the cultivated virus has retained the antigenic and immunological properties which characterized the animal passage virus from which it was derived. the culture virus is still virulent for mice and ferrets; it is capable of inducing an active state of immunity in animals vaccinated subcutaneously or intraperitoneally; it elicits specific neutralizing an ...	1936	19870505
immunization experiments with swine influenza virus.	1. swine influenza virus obtained from the lungs of infected ferrets or mice, when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, immunizes swine to swine influenza. 2. ferrets, which have received subcutaneous injections of swine influenza virus obtained from the lungs of infected ferrets, are immune to intranasal infection with this virus. similar injections with virus from the lungs of infected mice or swine do not immunize. 3. mice can be immunized to intranasal infection with swine influen ...	1936	19870522
abnormal pronuclei in the ferret.		1936	17104603
an epizootic disease of ferrets caused by a filterable virus.	1. an epizootic disease of ferrets with a very high case fatality rate is described. 2. by the use of suitable material the natural disease can be transmitted experimentally. 3. the primary causative agent of the disease is a filterable virus. 4. secondary invasion by bacteria of the respiratory tract of infected animals frequently occurs. the most important secondary invader is hemolytic streptococcus. 5. there seems to be no immunological relationship between the virus of the ferret disease an ...	1937	19870689
the epidemiology of weil's disease: (section of epidemiology and state medicine).	adolf weil defined the disease as a clinical entity in 1886, and leptospira ictero-haemorrhagiae was found to be the causative organism in 1915 by inada et al. in japan, and confirmed by hübener and reiter in germany. the infection has been found in most countries, and recently there has been a great increase in the number of instances reported.in most parts of the world rats and other small rodents harbour the organism and excrete it in the urine. this is almost always the direct or indirect so ...	1937	19991094
an unidentified virus producing acute meningitis and pneumonitis in experimental animals.	an infectious agent is described which belongs apparently to the class of filtrable viruses, but which, on the basis of the evidence at hand, is not to be identified with any virus previously described. the virus has multiple tropisms and is pathogenic for mice, ferrets, and monkeys of both m. rhesus and m. cynomolgos species. intranasal infection of mice and ferrets causes extensive pneumonic lesions of fatal severity. intracerebral inoculation of the virus produces in monkeys a lymphocytic cho ...	1938	19870779
studies on the nasal histology of epidemic influenza virus infection in the ferret : i. the development and repair of the nasal lesion.	a study has been made of the nasal histology in normal ferrets and in ferrets during and after infection with epidemic influenza virus. during the acute stage of infection the respiratory epithelium of the nasal mucous membrane undergoes necrosis with desquamation of the superficial cells and exudation into the air passages, and an inflammatory reaction occurs in the submucosa. repair begins on the 4th day after infection, and from the 6th to the 14th day the respiratory area is covered successi ...	1938	19870817
studies on the nasal histology of epidemic influenza virus infection in the ferret : ii. the resistance of regenerating respiratory epithelium to reinfection and to physicochemical injury.	because of the marked morphological abnormality of the nasal respiratory epithelium in ferrets recovering from epidemic influenza virus infection, attempts were made to determine whether the anatomical changes were associated with functional changes in the epithelial cells. it was found that on the 7th or 8th day after infection, at which time an immature transitional type of epithelium covers the respiratory area, the cells are resistant not only to reinfection with influenza virus but to a sev ...	1938	19870818
studies on the nasal histology of epidemic influenza virus infection in the ferret : iii. histological and serological observations on ferrets receiving repeated inoculations of epidemic infuenza virus.	a study of the respiratory mucous membrane was made in the turbinates of ferrets which had received repeated inoculations of influenza virus. there was no evidence that persistent immunity is related to the presence of a structural modification of the respiratory epithelium. in fact, the respiratory epithelium in fully immune animals differs histologically only in minor respects from that of the normal, untreated ferret. on the other hand, a functional difference exists between the normal and th ...	1938	19870819
the life-maintaining effect of crystalline progesterone in adrenalectomized ferrets.		1938	17811466
the reaction of ferrets to inoculation with h. pertussis.		1938	21433774
whooping cough: observations on experimental infection in mice and on attempts at active immunization in mice and in ferrets.		1938	21433762
a disease resembling distemper epidemic among ferrets.		1938	20475413
quantitative relationships between the immunizing dose of epidemic influenza virus and the resultant immunity.	a direct proportion exists between the concentration of epidemic influenza virus used for intraperitoneal immunization of mice and the degree of immunity to intranasal infection which develops. mice vaccinated with virus of a given strength resist infection with virus of the same concentration but not more. an irreducible minimum exists since mice vaccinated with less than ten intranasal lethal doses do not develop sufficient immunity to overcome intranasal infection with virus of the same stren ...	1939	19870847
the simultaneous occurrence of the viruses of canine distemper and lymphocytic choriomeningitis : a correction of "canine distemper in the rhesus monkey".	a particular strain of canine distemper, long maintained by serial passage in dogs and ferrets was found to contain the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in addition to that of distemper.	1939	19870887
neutralization of epidemic influenza virus : the linear relationship between the quantity of serum and the quantity of virus neutralized.	a linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the quantity of epidemic influenza virus neutralized and the logarithm of the quantity of antiserum which is capable of achieving this result. this relationship is the same for the serum of a ferret convalescent from experimental influenza as for the serum of a rabbit immunized with the virus. by means of the linear relationship between virus and antiserum it is possible to determine a fixed, rather than a relative, value for the neutralizing ...	1939	19870902
immunity in influenza: the bearing of recent research work: (section of epidemiology and state medicine).	the duration of immunity to influenza in man is difficult to assess from clinical data because of the difficulty of diagnosing the disease with certainty; two influenza-like attacks suffered by a patient within a short period may not have the same aetiology.serological relationships amongst strains of influenza virus are complicated. it seems probable that strains cannot be rigidly classified into types but that several antigens are present, distributed amongst strains in varying proportions.the ...	1939	19991749
a latent virus in normal mice capable of producing pneumonia in its natural host.	1. a virus capable of producing fatal pneumonia in mice has been isolated repeatedly from the lungs of certain apparently healthy mice. not all mice carry the virus. it was obtained only from mice supplied by three breeders although mice from eight different sources were studied. 2. the virus was avirulent as it occurred in normal mouse lungs and became virulent only after serial mouse lung passage. it was strictly pneumotropic for mice and produced pneumonia when given intranasally but showed n ...	1940	19870970
the synergism of human influenza and canine distemper viruses in ferrets.	the infections produced in ferrets by human influenza virus and canine distemper virus were studied. cross immunity and cross neutralization tests showed that these two viruses were not related antigenically. ferrets infected with influenza virus alone rapidly produced considerable quantities of neutralizing antibodies, and after the 6th day virus was not demonstrable in their lungs. ferrets infected with both influenza and distemper viruses simultaneously produced but small amounts of neutraliz ...	1940	19871021
the recovery from patients with acute pneumonitis of a virus causing pneumonia in the mongoose.	1. a virus capable of producing pulmonary consolidation in the wild mongoose (herpestes griseus) has been isolated from throat washings obtained from four patients with a clinical syndrome termed acute pneumonitis. 2. the virus was not pathogenic for ferrets, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys, voles, hamsters, deer mice, skunks, opossums, or woodchucks. 3. the virus was filterable through berkefeld v and n candles, was not inactivated by glycerin or by freezing and drying in vacuum, and was pr ...	1940	19871045
quantitative aspects of homologous and heterologous active immunity to strains of the virus of epidemic influenza.	when mice are immunized by one intraperitoneal inoculation with active or inactive influenza virus (strain pr8, w.s., and melbourne) the quantity required for protection against heterologous strains is about 10 times the homologous minimal immunizing dose. three injections increase the immunity to all strains, but the ratio between the homologous and heterologous minimal immunizing dose is not altered. swine influenza virus given intraperitoneally fails to immunize against human strains unless t ...	1940	19871048
a study of the subcortical connexions of the optic tract system of the ferret, with special reference to gonadal activation by retinal stimulation.		1940	17104839
use of ferrets in laboratory work and research investigations.		1940	18015262
studies on influenza virus : the complement-fixing antigen of influenza a and swine influenza viruses.	influenza complement fixation tests designed for use with ferret serum are described. complement-fixing antigens derived from influenza ferret lungs were unsatisfactory due to their low content of soluble antigen; those prepared from mouse lungs or developing chick embryo membranes proved to be better antigenically and were reliable when the various reagents in the test were properly adjusted to eliminate non-specific fixation of complement. the results of cross complement fixation tests indicat ...	1941	19871098
swine influenza in the british isles: (section of comparative medicine).	an outbreak of pneumonia affecting pigs (10-14 weeks old) was investigated; the mortality rate was low and recovery was slow. haemophilus influenzae was recovered from half the pigs examined and the presence of a virus was demonstrated by the intranasal instillation of a filtrate of pneumonic lung. the virus was subsequently established in ferrets and neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in the blood of convalescent pigs to the ferret-adapted virus.four further outbreaks of pneumonia in pig ...	1941	19992370
the quantitative determination of influenza virus and antibodies by means of red cell agglutination.	1. the agglutination titer for chicken red cells of freshly prepared or carefully stored suspensions of pr8 influenza virus, that is to say virus of maximum pathogenicity, was found to be proportional to the mouse lethal titer of the same preparations. 2. the agglutination titer of infected allantoic fluid procured in a standard way is relatively constant, regardless of the influenza strain used and its pathogenicity for mice. 3. virus preparations inactivated by heat or storage may retain their ...	1942	19871167
distemper studies in ferrets-part vi: vi. attempted control of a distem per epidemic in a ferret colony with tissue va ccines and with anti-serum.		1942	17647908
distemper studies in ferrets - part v: v. immunizing and therapeutic properties of anti-distemper serum.		1942	17647897
distemper studies in ferrets-part iv: iv.protective, therapeutic and aggressin properties of composite tissue vaccine.		1942	17647889
distemper studies in ferrets-part iii: iii. tissue vaccines prepared from neurotropic distemper virus.		1942	17647880
distemper studies in ferrets-part ii: ii. tissue vaccines prepared from viscerotropic distemper virus.		1942	17647874
distemper studies in ferrets: i. attempted conversion of a virus strain from a viscerotropic to a neurotropic form.		1942	17647857
distemper studies in foxes: iii. the cross immunizing properties of homologous and heterologous tissue vaccines against experimental distemper of foxes and ferrets.		1943	17647985
distemper studies in foxes: i. the experimental inoculation of foxes with formalized tissue of infected and of healthy ferrets during an epizootic.		1943	17647958
antigenic relationship of british swine influenza strains to standard human and swine influenza viruses : the use of chicken and ferret antisera in red cell agglutination.	the antigenic relationships of type a (pr 8, ws) and type b (lee) human strains and the shope and british (cambridge, north ireland) swine strains were studied by specific antiserum inhibition of chicken red cell agglutination by the influenza virus. the cambridge and north ireland strains were found to be closely related to the type a strains and differentiated from the shope virus. the distinctive antigenicity of the lee strain of type b was confirmed. specific antibodies were developed in chi ...	1943	19871297
adsorption of influenza virus on cells of the respiratory tract.	a study of the reaction between influenza virus and the cells of the excised and perfused ferret lung has yielded the following results: (1) the cells of the lung rapidly adsorbed large amounts of intratracheally inoculated virus. (2) after a short interval the pulmonary cells began spontaneously to release the adsorbed virus, and in the case of influenza b the release was 75 per cent complete after 5 hours. (3) the lee strain was more completely released from pulmonary cells after 5 hours than ...	1943	19871317
the immunological response to influenza virus infection as measured by the complement fixation test : relation of the complement-fixing antigen to the virus particle.	a quantitative complement fixation test with influenza immune sera and virus antigens obtained from allantoic fluid is described. the method utilizes a photoelectric densitometer which provides a simple, objective, and accurate determination of the hemolytic reaction. the enhancement of the hemolytic activity of complement in the presence of serum or allantoic fluid necessitates a preliminary titration of complement in the presence of these agents. an accurate appraisal of the activity of the co ...	1943	19871335
studies of antigenic differences among strains of influenza a by means of red cell agglutination.	a study of cross inhibition tests among strains of influenza a virus and their antisera showed that the results obtained were subject to a certain amount of variation due to the red cells, the virus suspensions, and the ferret antisera employed. methods have been demonstrated for handling the data obtained from such tests, so that these variables were corrected or avoided, making it possible to use the agglutination technique for antigenic comparisons. the antigenic pattern of eighteen strains o ...	1943	19871338
qualitative differences in the antigenic composition of influenza a virus strains.	a study of the pr8, christie, talmey, w.s., and swine strains of influenza a virus by means of antibody absorption tests revealed the following findings: 1. serum antibody could be specifically absorbed with allantoic fluid containing influenza virus or, more effectively, with concentrated suspensions of virus obtained from allantoic fluid by high-speed centrifugation or by the red cell adsorption and elution technique. normal allantoic fluid, or the centrifugalized sediment therefrom, failed to ...	1944	19871392
distemper studies in foxes: vi. - attempted immunization of foxes with ferret distemper virus against canine distemper virus.		1944	17648011
distemper studies in foxes: vii. the association of lymphocytic chroriomeningitis and ferret distemper viruses in experimental fox distemper.		1944	17648018
leucopenia before ferret distemper.		1945	17648127
distemperoid virus interference in canine distemper.	a distemper virus modified by ferret passage so as to become a harmless vaccine for foxes and dogs exhibits the interference or cell-blockade phenomenon with respect to a virulent distemper infection in foxes. ten control foxes receiving virulent distemper virus died, while 30 foxes receiving distemperoid virus in addition lived.	1946	17777683
inhibitory and activating action of normal ferret sera against an influenza virus strain.		1946	20257526
significance of antigenic differences among strains of influenza a virus in reinfection of ferrets.		1946	20274239
circulating antibodies and the resistance of ferrets to reinfection with influenza virus.		1946	21064615
[not available].		1946	21025405
experimental investigations of parodontal disease in the ferret and related lesions in man.		1947	20262770
experimental investigations of parodontal disease in the ferret and related lesions in man.		1947	20266583
susceptibility of convalescent ferrets to reinfection with influenza virus in absence of specific antibodies.		1947	20250448
an epizootic in influenza in a ferret colony.		1948	18887763
the isolation of salmonella typhi-murium from ferrets.		1948	18902265
the isolation of salmonella typhi-murium from ferrets.		1948	16561473
observations on the thyroid gland of the ferret.		1949	15392924
salmonella infections in mink and ferrets.		1949	18121314
the cardiac output and circulation time of ferrets.		1949	15400843
cleavage of unfertilized ova in immature ferrets.		1950	14771583
the isolation of listeria monocytogenes from ferrets.		1950	15421964
response of the ferret and rabbit to the modified hamster-adapted newcastle disease virus.		1950	15425754
a spontaneous carcinoma of the skin of a ferret (mustela furo l.).		1950	15437248
studies on respiratory diseases of pigs. i. modified haemagglutination-inhibition technique for titration of influenza antibodies in pig and ferret sera.		1951	14824322
photoperiodicity in the female ferret.		1951	14824383
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) in the treatment of experimental air-borne influenza virus type a infection in the ferret.		1951	14824691
the isolation of a neurotropic virus from a dog suffering from the so-called nervous distemper.		1951	14830896
the use of an egg-adapted modified canine distemper virus vaccine under experimental conditions and in the field.		1951	14836268
effects of androstenedione and progesterone on oestrous swelling of the ferret vulva.		1951	14850603
relation of retinal stimulation to oestrus in the ferret.		1951	14851248
[sensibility of the ferret (putorius furo l.) to infectious hepatitis virus (fox encephalitis)].		1951	14859462
[ovoculture of the virus of infectious hepatitis in the dog (fox encephalitis) adapted to the ferret].		1951	14859544
a note on tuberculosis in the ferret (mustela furo l.).		1951	14874175
botulism in the mouse, mink, and ferret with special reference to susceptibility and pathological alterations.		1951	14878132
the use of v. cholerae filtrates in the destruction of non-specific inhibitor in ferret sera.		1951	14886492
[sensitivity of the ferret (putorius furo l.) to the virus of infectious hepatitis (fox encephalitis) of the dog].		1951	14926183
a technique for bleeding ferrets and mink.		1951	14849146
[demonstration by specific bacteriophages of the passage of vi antigen into the medium under the influence of heat].		1951	14859461
control by light of reproduction in ferrets and mink.		1951	14806404
enzootic malignant granulomatosis in ferrets.		1951	14933031
experimental production of gingival hyperplasia in ferrets given epanutin (sodium diphenyl hydantoinate).		1952	12987574
the influence of treating ferret influenza antisera with enzymes of crude filtrate of vibrio cholerae on the titre of the antibodies.		1952	14944169
a transpalatal approach to the hypothalamic area in the ferret.		1952	14955554
[sensitivity of the ferret to the virus of canine infectious hepatitis].		1952	13020106
on the life history of ascaris devosi and its development in the white mouse and the domestic ferret.		1953	13026280