Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the slco (former slc21) superfamily of transporters. | the members of the organic anion transporting polypeptide superfamily (oatps) are classified within the slco solute carrier family. all functionally well characterized members are predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains and are sodium-independent transport systems that mediate the transport of a broad range of endo- as well as xenobiotics. substrates are mainly amphipathic organic anions with a molecular weight of more than 300da, but some of the known transported substrates are also neutral ... | 0 | 23506880 |
| studies on the helminth fauna of alaska. xxxiv. the parasites of wolves, canis lupus l. | 1959 | 13673343 | |
| [lupine helminthic fauna (canis lupus l.)]. | 1964 | 14198614 | |
| [on morphology and development of the skull of canis lupus f. familiaris l]. | 1966 | 6011775 | |
| wolf milk. i. arctic wolf (canis lupus arctos) and husky milk: gross composition and fatty acid constitution. | 1969 | 5406772 | |
| helminths of wolves, canis lupus l., in the yukon and northwest territories. | 1973 | 4791800 | |
| notes on the captive wolf (canis lupus) colony, barrow, alaska. | 1973 | 4711825 | |
| influence of dietary fatty acids on the composition of plasma fatty acids in the tundra wolf (canis lupus tundrarum). | 1974 | 4154062 | |
| serological indication of canine distemper and of infectious canine hepatitis in wolves (canis lupus l.) in northern canada. | 1974 | 4373585 | |
| [aspects of trichinelliasis in portugal. apropos of a parasitic case in canis lupus l]. | 1974 | 4462389 | |
| further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in alaskan carnivores. | antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild alaskian carnivores which feed on caribou, rangifer tarandus granti, arctic alaska. sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the artic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the the range of the porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. wolves (canis lupus) and red foxes (vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. about 90% of the grizzly bears (ursus ... | 1975 | 1113440 |
| [importance of the fox (vulpes vulpes) in the transmission of sarcosporidiosis from the steinbock (capra ibex) at the gran paradiso national park]. | sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (capra ibex) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) of gran paradiso national park, italian western alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. no dogs or cats are allowed inside the park, to the contrary foxes (vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. feces of vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected capra ibex used for the following experiment ... | 1975 | 823518 |
| an investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild canidae: canis lupus, canis latrans, and canis familiaris. | this article describes an investigation of inter- and intraspecific variation in three small populations of wild canidae-wolf, coyote, and dingo. the products of 53 gene loci were examined. very little interspecies variation was observed, but the level of intraspecific variation was compatible with that found in man. | 1976 | 1016229 |
| helminths in coyotes (canis latrans say), wolves (canis lupus l.), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) of southwestern manitoba. | 1978 | 751709 | |
| oral papillomatosis in coyotes (canis latrans) and wolves (canis lupus) of alberta. | twelve cases of oral papillomatosis were detected in wild carnivores of alberta, ten in coyotes (canis latrans) and two in wolves (canis lupus). lesions ranged from mild with a few small papillomas to severe with much of the surface of the lips, tongue and buccal cavity covered with papillomas. three of five coyotes with severe papillomatosis were in obvious poor health. the gross and histologic lesions are described and the significance of this disease in wild carnivores is discussed. | 1978 | 650780 |
| sylvatic trichinosis in alberta. | results of surveys for trichinella sp. in several species of wildlife in alberta suggest that infection is limited to wolves (canis lupus) in northern areas of the province and maintained by a wolf/wolf transmission. | 1980 | 7463605 |
| osteoarthrosis in a wolf (canis lupus) radio-tracked in minnesota. | osteoarthrotic changes are described in the skeleton of an old wolf (canis lupus) from minnesota. osteophyte formation appeared sufficient to restrict severely the range of motion of the joints. despite this impairment the wolf ranged over 100 km2 and killed a minimum of one or two adult white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) during a 6-week period between capture and death. | 1980 | 7411748 |
| experimental brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild alaskan carnivores. | beagle dogs were readily infected by 1.3 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of brucella suis type 4 administered either on canned dog food, or intraperitoneally. such infections were afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic and without any obvious gross lesions. inoculation of 10(8) cfu b. suis type 4 intraperitoneally into two gravid wolves (canis lupus) resulted in infections in both animals. about 24 days later they gave birth, apparently at full-term, to two (both alive) and six (two alive and fo ... | 1981 | 7241703 |
| olfactory pedunculotomy induced anosmia in the wolf (canis lupus). | 1981 | 7335795 | |
| serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in alaska. | sera from 57 wolves (canis lupus) in three areas of alaska were evaluated for evidence of previous exposure to infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv) and canine distemper virus (cdv). fifty-four sera (94.7%) were positive for ichv exposure and four (7%) were positive for cdv exposure. all four cdv-reacting wolves also had titres to ichv. the relatively common occurrence of ichv exposure may be due to the greater resistance of ichv to chemical and physical agents and its transmissibility via th ... | 1982 | 6296469 |
| comparison and assessment of drugs used to immobilize alaskan gray wolves (canis lupus) and wolverines (gulo gulo) from a helicopter. | one hundred and three alaskan gray wolves and 12 wolverines were immobilized in the nelchina and upper susitna river basins of southcentral alaska between march 1977 and may 1981. sixty-five wolves were immobilized with a mixture of phencyclidine hcl and promazine hcl (pp/hcl); 38 wolves were immobilized with etorphine hcl (ehcl) and 12 wolverines were immobilized with ehcl or with a mixture of ehcl and xylazine hcl (xhcl). phencyclidine hcl is no longer commercially available and an assessment ... | 1982 | 7131656 |
| metorchis conjunctus (cobbold, 1860) infection in wolves (canis lupus), with pancreatic involvement in two animals. | the trematode metorchis conjunctus (cobbold, 1860) was found in seven of 211 wolves from saskatchewan which were examined between 1976 and 1983. the parasite caused cholangiohepatitis with periductular fibrosis in the liver of all the wolves, and chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas in two animals. the wolves with pancreatic involvement were emaciated. five of the seven infected wolves were from one local area, and three of these were from a pack known to consume fish. | 1983 | 6644936 |
| trichodectes canis on the gray wolf and coyote on kenai peninsula, alaska. | 1983 | 6644943 | |
| the effect of naloxone on feeding and spontaneous locomotion in the wolf. | the effect of naloxone on food intake and activity levels was studied in the wolf (canis lupus). naloxone decreased food intake at both the 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dose. there was no quantitative difference in the magnitude of the decrease in food intake produced by naloxone in winter or summer. wolves ate significantly greater amounts of deer meat than dog chow after naloxone when expressed on a mass basis but there was no difference when the amounts of food ingested were expressed in calories. thi ... | 1983 | 6867130 |
| the use of analogy in individual psychotherapy with young and pre-adolescents: "superman, bimbo and the big, grey wolf". | for various reasons, youngsters often have difficulty in discussing important issues in individual psychotherapy. therapists, also, may find it hard to uncover underlying issues and dynamics. this paper describes three separate techniques for using analogy in individual therapy with the 10 to 15-year-old age group. these techniques were developed while the author was a member of a multi-disciplinary team operating within an out-patient, adolescent psychiatric clinic. | 1984 | 6389626 |
| volatile constituents of wolf (canis lupus) urine as related to gender and season. | the volatile constituents of wolf urine were examined via capillary gas chromatography and compared among male, female, and castrate male. several compounds including methyl isopentyl sulfide, 3,5-dimethyl-2-octanone, and acetophenone were clearly associated with the gender of the animal and many displayed a seasonal dependence. in addition, 2 long-chain aldehydes isolated from urine samples by an hplc procedure also correlated with the endrocrine status of the animal. | 1984 | 6745399 |
| chemical investigations of wolf (canis lupus) anal-sac secretion in relation to breeding season. | the volatile constituents of wolf anal-sac secretions were examined via capillary gas chromatography and compared among intact males, females, castrate males, ovariectomized females, and anosmic and pinealectomized males and females. some chemical compounds were deemed significantly different (t test, 95% confidence level) among the groups both during and outside of the mating season, implying that the volatile components of anal-sac secretion can be used to communicate information regarding gen ... | 1985 | 24310125 |
| xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of wolves and its antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride. | fourteen wolves (canis lupus l.) were singularly or repeatedly immobilized with 30 mg xylazine hydrochloride (hcl) and 400 mg ketamine hcl. mean induction time was 5.3 +/- 4.6 min (mean +/- sd). administration of 8.0 mg/kg tolazoline hcl as an antagonist significantly reduced immobilization times from 148.0 +/- 52.7 to 47.9 +/- 8.9 min (f = 63.69, df = 1,17, p less than 0.05). the average times from injection to ambulation for 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg tolazoline hcl were 35.2 +/- 31.8, 18.5 +/- 1 ... | 1986 | 3735586 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis in wolves and white-tailed deer in northeastern minnesota. | the prevalence of sarcocystis (protozoa: sarcocystidae) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from northeastern minnesota was determined by histologic examination of tongue samples. seventy-nine of 100 deer were infected; infection was higher in yearlings and adults than in fawns. sporocysts of sarcocystis were found in 3% of 72 wolf (canis lupus) scats. three of four captive wolves fed muscle from a white-tailed deer naturally infected with sarcocystis shed sporocysts 12-14 days later. | 1986 | 3086576 |
| chemical scent constituents in urine of wolf (canis lupus) and their dependence on reproductive hormones. | the volatile components of castrated male and ovariectomized female wolf urine were investigated and correlated with the administration of testosterone or estradiol and progesterone. the results indicate that testosterone induces in the castrated male the formation of some compounds typically associated with the intact male, while reducing the levels of some compounds associated with castrated male and female. the production of some of the "male" compounds was also induced in the ovariectomized ... | 1986 | 24306418 |
| mechanical analysis of the malformed, yet functional, mandibular joints of a wild timber wolf, canis lupus. | in spite of grossly malformed jaw joints, presumably from birth, the animal survived in the wild for at least 3 years. instead of a deep glenoid fossa folded over a cylindrical condyle to form a hinge, both joints had freely open articulating surfaces and a mandibular condyle without neck. the neckless condyle produced a shorter moment arm of resistance in all biting positions. the moment arm of the masseter, the jaw-adductor tending to disarticulate the jaw, was longer as a result of an elongat ... | 1986 | 3463262 |
| heterochromatin composition and nucleolus organizer activity in four canid species. | sequential staining with a counterstain-contrasted fluorescent banding technique (chromomycin a3-distamycin a-dapi) revealed the occurrence of distamycin a-4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (da-dapi) staining heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of chromosomes 33, 36, 37, and 38 in the wolf (canis lupus pallipes) and of chromosomes 13, 16, and 23 in the blue fox (alopex lagopus). the red fox (vulpes vulpes) lacked such regions. staining with dapi--actinomycin d produced a qfh-type banding patte ... | 1986 | 3801970 |
| antibodies against canine parvovirus in wolves of minnesota: a serologic study from 1975 through 1985. | serum samples (n = 137) from 47 wild wolves (canis lupus; 21 pups and 26 adults) were evaluated from 1975 to 1985 for antibodies against canine parvovirus, using the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. in addition, several blood samples (n = 35) from 14 of these wolves (6 pups and 8 adults) were evaluated simultaneously for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and for hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. sixty-nine (50%) of the serum samples (35 wolves) had hi titers of greater tha ... | 1986 | 2851572 |
| canine parvovirus infection in wolves (canis lupus) from minnesota. | 1986 | 3005665 | |
| basic haematological values in carnivores--i. the canidae, the hyaenidae and the ursidae. | basic haematological values for 32 animals of four carnivore species are reported. in six adult wolves (canis lupus) the mean values estimated for the erythrocyte count 7.48 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.465/l, haemoglobin 172.0 g/l and leukocyte counts 7.33 x 10(9)/l are given. for five young wolves, these parameters were markedly decreased, only the white cell count was raised. in 14 hunting dogs (lycaon pictus) the mean values estimated are: erythrocyte count 9.15 x 10(12)/l haematocrit 0.435/l, ... | 1987 | 2882894 |
| chromosomal evolution of the canidae. i. species with high diploid numbers. | the giemsa banding patterns of seven canid species, including the grey wolf (canis lupus), the maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), the bush dog (speothos venaticus), the crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), the grey fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis), and the fennec (fennecus zerda), are presented and compared. relative to other members of canidae, these species have high diploid complements (2n greater than 64) consisting of largely acrocentric chromosomes. they ... | 1987 | 3568761 |
| chromosomal evolution of the canidae. ii. divergence from the primitive carnivore karyotype. | the giemsa-banding patterns of chromosomes from the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), the red fox (vulpes vulpes), the kit fox (vulpes macrotis), and the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) are compared. despite their traditional placement in different genera, the arctic fox and the kit fox have an identical chromosome morphology and g-banding pattern. the red fox has extensive chromosome arm homoeology with these two species, but has only two entire chromosomes in common. all three species share ... | 1987 | 3568762 |
| microsporum gypseum infection in a gray wolf (canis lupus) and a camel (camelus bactrianus) in a zoological garden. | 1987 | 3657852 | |
| hematologic values of the endangered san joaquin kit fox, vulpes macrotis mutica. | between 1981 and 1982 blood samples were collected from 64 adult san joaquin kit foxes, vulpes macrotis mutica, in western kern county, california. the goal of the study was to establish normal blood values for this endangered species, and to determine whether changes in them could be used to assess the possible effects of petroleum developments on these foxes. none of the values differed significantly between the sexes, or between foxes sampled in developed habitats compared with foxes sampled ... | 1987 | 3820416 |
| [the wolf, canis lupus l., as a rabies vector in the 16th and 17th centuries]. | 1987 | 3327253 | |
| pinealectomy or superior cervical ganglionectomy do not alter reproduction in the wolf (canis lupus). | twelve wolves (6 male and 6 female) were used to study the role of the pineal in photoperiodic mediation of seasonal reproduction. eight wolves were pinealectomized (pnx) or sham-pinealectomized (s-pnx) at 5 mo of age, and 4 were superior cervical ganglionectomized (scgx) at 16 mo of age (2 males and 2 females per treatment). all attained puberty at the species-typical time, during their second breeding season, except 2 scgx males that did not survive. reproductive cycles of an additional male t ... | 1987 | 3651541 |
| cardiovascular and behavioral responses of gray wolves to ketamine-xylazine immobilization and antagonism by yohimbine. | adult wolves (canis lupus) were immobilized with 6.6 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (ket) and 2.2 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (xyl) administered intramuscularly. induction time was 4.6 +/- 0.3 min (mean +/- se). immobilization resulted in significant bradycardia and hypertension (p less than 0.05). twenty min after induction, the wolves were given 0.05-0.60 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride (yoh). yohimbine given intravenously produced dose-related increases in heart rate (hr) with doses greater than ... | 1987 | 3625908 |
| use of xylazine sedation with yohimbine antagonism in captive gray wolves. | captive gray wolves (canis lupus) were given 2.2 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride intramuscularly resulting in profound sedation in 9.1 +/- 0.6 min (mean +/- se). heart rate was 42.0 +/- 1.0 beats per minute and respiratory rate was 20.1 +/- 1.6 respirations per minute during sedation. a variety of manipulations could be performed on sedated animals in relative safety. thirty min after xylazine administration, the animals were given either 0.15 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride or 5% dextrose solution i ... | 1988 | 3193566 |
| detection of parvoviruses in wolf feces by electron microscopy. | one hundred fifteen wolf (canis lupus) feces were collected between 1980 and 1984 from northeastern minnesota and were examined for canine parvovirus by negative contrast electron microscopy. of these, seven (6%) samples revealed the presence of parvovirus. some of these viruses were able to grow in cell cultures forming intranuclear inclusion bodies and giant cells. | 1988 | 2832624 |
| [topography and structure of the stylohyoid muscle in mammals]. | topography and structure of the musculus stylohyoideus (msh) have been studied in 78 species of mammalia from 12 orders. the muscle in question has specific peculiarities not only in its position and fixation, but also in a great variability of its structure. the msh is not revealed in philander opossum, lagostrophus fasciatus, guinea pig, meriones eversmanni, rhombomys opimus, nyctereutes procyonoides, thos aureus, mastelidae. various pathways of development and different functional loading def ... | 1988 | 3408352 |
| susceptibility of the gray wolf (canis lupus) to infection with the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi. | four juvenile gray wolves (canis lupus) were inoculated with live borrelia burgdorferi. one received an intravenous inoculum, a second was inoculated subcutaneously, and two more were fed peromyscus maniculatus sucklings which had earlier been inoculated with b. burgdorferi. the intravenously inoculated wolf developed a generalized lymphadenopathy and a persistent serum antibody titer to the spirochete which peaked at 1:512. borrelia burgdorferi was visualized in liver sections of this wolf usin ... | 1988 | 3411709 |
| physiological response of gray wolves to butorphanol-xylazine immobilization and antagonism by naloxone and yohimbine. | captive gray wolves (canis lupus) were immobilized (loss of consciousness) with 2.0 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (xyl) and 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol tartrate (but) administered intramuscularly. induction time was 11.8 +/- 0.8 min (mean +/- se). immobilization resulted in bradycardia, respiratory depression, and normotension. fifteen min after induction, six wolves were given either 0.05 mg/kg naloxone hydrochloride (nal) and 0.125 or 0.250 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride (yoh), or an equal volume of s ... | 1989 | 2915407 |
| immobilization of gray wolves (canis lupus) with sufentanil citrate. | gray wolves (canis lupus) were immobilized with 0.5 mg/kg xylazine plus 7.5 micrograms/kg of either sufentanil (n = 8), etorphine (n = 8), or carfentanil (n = 2). drug doses used in this study were selected to provide consistency for comparison and are not recommended doses for effective immobilization of wolves. induction times were similar among groups (11.9 +/- 1.0 min). thirty min after induction, wolves were given either 0.5 mg/kg naloxone hydrochloride plus 0.15 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochlori ... | 1990 | 2147448 |
| physiological and behavioral responses of gray wolves (canis lupus) to immobilization with tiletamine and zolazepam. | we conducted a series of experiments to examine the efficacy of telazol (tel) for immobilization of captive gray wolves (canis lupus). ten wolves were immobilized with either 5 or 10 mg/kg tel. there was no difference in induction time (6.5 +/- 0.8 versus 5.8 +/- 1.2 min; p = 0.63) between the two doses, but the time to initial arousal was longer for the higher dose (p = 0.0008). wolves were again immobilized with 10 mg/kg tel and upon initial arousal were given additional doses of either 5.0 mg ... | 1990 | 2304205 |
| [the ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint of the wolf (canis lupus l., 1758)--anatomic and functional analysis in comparison with the domestic dog (canis lupus f. familiaris)]. | based on dissection of 11 (4 m and 7f) adult wolves (canis lupus l., 1758) kept in captivity, the morphology and mechanics of the ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint are described. compared with the anatomical data of the dog (canis lupus f. familiaris), the differences are discussed with respect to their importance for functional considerations. | 1990 | 2099308 |
| the influence of social and endocrine factors on urine-marking by captive wolves (canis lupus). | although serum hormones varied seasonally in all adult animals, only dominant male and female wolves urine-marked. serum testosterone and urine-marking rates, which increased during the fall/winter breeding season, were positively correlated in both male and female dominant wolves. estradiol, which increased in conjunction with proestrus and estrus, was not correlated with female urine-marking. these findings suggest that hormonal influence on urine-marking in the wolf is modulated by social fac ... | 1990 | 2286365 |
| [the origin, growth, use, size and form of the ligamentum phrenicopericardium of canis lupus (l. 1758) compared to canis lupus f. familiaris]. | the lig. phrenicopericardiacum of wolves who lived in captivity has been examined with regard to the following aspects: origin, run, insertion, size (breadth and length), and form. the findings of investigations were compared with the corresponding ones stated in the literature for dogs; the correspondences as well as the differences between the both species were pointed out and the possible reasons for them were discussed. | 1990 | 2387498 |
| catecholaminergic amacrine cells in the dog and wolf retina. | catecholaminergic (presumed dopaminergic) amacrine cells in the retinae of beagle dogs (canis lupus f. familiaris) and wolves (canis lupus) were visualized with an antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (th). in both species, th immunoreactivity is found in a population of amacrine cells with large somata (about 14 microns diameter) and large, moderately branched dendritic trees. somata are located in the proximal inner nuclear layer (normal amacrines) or in the ganglion cell layer (displaced am ... | 1991 | 1685328 |
| diazepam-induced feeding in captive gray wolves (canis lupus). | diazepam doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg induced feeding in sated gray wolves in a dose-dependent manner (p less than 0.001). neither 0.8 mg/kg of the benzodiazepine antagonist, beta-ccp (p = 0.36), nor 0.8 mg/kg of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist, beta-cce (p = 0.85), decreased the diazepam-induced hyperphagia. five of 6 naive wolves (p = 0.003) ate dry dog food within 15.4 +/- 1.9 min of being given 0.4 mg/kg diazepam and freely chose dog food after the single diazepam administration. | 1991 | 1784584 |
| hematologic values of captive mexican wolves. | hematologic reference values were determined for a captive population of 11 mexican wolves (canis lupus baileyi). wolf pups from 4 to 24 weeks old had progressive age-related increases in pcv, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, and rbc counts similar to those seen in domestic dog pups (c familiaris). hematologic indices in wolves older than 24 weeks were comparable to those of the adult domestic dog; however, pcv, hemoglobin concentration, and rbc counts were higher. | 1991 | 1785734 |
| lung and hearth nematodes in some spanish mammals. | thirteen host species belonging to the orders rodentia, insectivora and carnivora from various localities in galicia (nw spain) were examined for heart and lung parasites. the following species were found: parastrongylus dujardini (5.5%) in apodemus sylvaticus, crenosoma striatum in erinaceus europaeus (83%), angiostrongylus vasorum, crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus in vulpes vulpes (3, 3.46 and 0.50%, respectively), crenosoma taiga in putorius putorius (100%) and crenosoma sp. in meles ... | 1991 | 1844789 |
| seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in minnesota wolves. | serum samples (n = 457) from wolves (canis lupus) in northern minnesota were collected from 1972 through 1986 and were tested for antibodies against leptospira interrogans using a microtiter agglutination test. twelve serovars included in the study were: australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, pyrogenes, and tarassovi. fifty-two (11%) sera had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 against one or more serovars of l. int ... | 1991 | 2067045 |
| gray wolf density and its association with weights and hematology of pups from 1970 to 1988. | we examined weights and hematologic profiles of gray wolf (canis lupus) pups and the associated wolf density in the east-central superior national forest of northeastern minnesota (usa) during 1970 to 1988. we collected weight and hematologic data from 117 pups (57 females, 60 males) during 1 september to 22 november each year. the wolf density (wolves/800 km2) trend was divided into three phases: high (72 +/- 7), 1970 to 1975; medium (44 +/- 2), 1976 to 1983; and low (27 +/- 2), 1984 to 1988. w ... | 1991 | 1758028 |
| introgression of coyote mitochondrial dna into sympatric north american gray wolf populations. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genotypes of gray wolves and coyotes from localities throughout north america were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. of the 13 genotypes found among the wolves, 7 are clearly of coyote origin, indicating that genetic transfer of coyote mtdna into wolf populations has occurred through hybridization. the transfer of mtdna appears unidirectional from coyotes into wolves because no coyotes sampled have a wolf-derived mtdna genotype. wolves possessi ... | 1991 | 28564062 |
| influence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormones on reproductive hormones in gray wolves (canis lupus). | the release of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormones was studied in intact and neutered gray wolves (canis lupus) to determine how these hormones interact and affect reproductive hormones. experiments were performed on adult wolves anesthetized with 400 mg ketamine and 50 mg promazine. intravenous (i.v.) injections with 50 micrograms ovine corticotropin releasing factor (ocrf) significantly increased adrenocorticotropin (acth; p < or = 0.01), cortisol (cort; p < or = 0.004), and progest ... | 1992 | 1333004 |
| dna fingerprints of captive wolves (canis lupus). | 1992 | 1295857 | |
| sarcoptic mange in swedish wildlife. | mange caused by sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in scandinavia (south-west finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. the disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the gulf of finland from estonia. the mange epizootic spread northwards through finland and reached sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. in 1984, mange was observed in most parts of sweden. the disease was observed to spread ra ... | 1992 | 1305857 |
| topography of ganglion cells in the dog and wolf retina. | the topographical distribution of retinal ganglion cells in seven breeds of dog (canis lupus f. familiaris) and in the wolf (canis lupus) was studied in retinal wholemounts stained with cresyl violet or with a reduced silver method. a prominent feature of all wolf retinae was a pronounced "visual streak" of high ganglion cell density, extending from the central area far into both temporal and nasal retina. by contrast, either a pronounced or a moderate visual streak was found in dog retinae. it ... | 1992 | 1385496 |
| bending strength of upper canine tooth in domestic dogs. | the bending strength of the upper canine tooth is analyzed on 51 domestic dogs of various breeds. data show that canine tooth length is greater among small domestic dogs when compared to small wild dogs, and large wild dogs when compared among large domestic dogs. tooth strength is also greater among small domestic dogs and large wild dogs. the greater tooth strength of the small domestic dogs may be attributed to the idea that small domestic dogs are closer in ancestry to the grey wolf (canis l ... | 1992 | 1416062 |
| seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from minnesota and wisconsin. | to determine the seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves (canis lupus) from various counties of minnesota and wisconsin (usa), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by western blotting. of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had i ... | 1992 | 1602567 |
| traumatic, degenerative, and developmental lesions in wolves and coyotes from saskatchewan. | a retrospective review was done of traumatic and osseous lesions in 241 wolves (canis lupus) and 316 coyotes (canis latrans) necropsied at the university of saskatchewan between 1971 and 1990. most lesions were the result of interspecific conflict. the most frequently occurring lesion in wolves was fracture of one or more bones, primarily ribs. lesions were healed in most cases and appeared to be compatible with injuries caused by prey animals. one wolf, found dead, died as a result of thoracic ... | 1992 | 1602579 |
| allozyme variability in the italian wolf (canis lupus) population. | multilocus protein electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic variability in a sample of 38 italian wolves (canis lupus). percentage of polymorphic loci was p = 10.0 per cent (four polymorphic loci out of 40 examined), and average observed heterozygosity was ho = 0.028. genotypes were in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. electrophoretic analysis does not indicate a significant reduction of genetic variability at nuclear gene loci following at least one century of isolation from other european popula ... | 1993 | 8276634 |
| molecular evolution of the dog family. | molecular genetic tools have been used to dissect the evolutionary relationships of the dog-like carnivores, revealing their place in the order carnivora, the relationships of species within the family canidae, and the genetic exchange that occurs among conspecific populations. high rates of gene flow among populations within some species, such as the coyote and gray wolf, have suppressed genetic divergence, and where these species hybridize, large hybrid zones have been formed. in fact, the phe ... | 1993 | 8337763 |
| canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival. | canine parvovirus infected wild canids more than a decade ago, but no population effect has been documented. in wild minnesota wolves (canis lupus) over a 12-yr period, the annual percent population increase and proportion of pups each were inversely related to the percentage of wolves serologically positive to the disease. although these effects did not seem to retard this large extant population, similar relationships in more isolated wolf populations might hinder recovery of this endangered a ... | 1993 | 8387611 |
| [microstructure of fossil mammalian bones from the rixdorfer horizon of weichsel-kaltzeit at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen (brandengurg)]. | the structure is reported of bones of glacial-period mammals, which were found in 1973 to 1989 in gravel-sandy soil of the fossiliferous layer "rixdorfer horizont" at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen. the findings, probably, date from one of the interstages of the glacial period "weichsel-kaltzeit" before the stage "brandenburger stadium". their embedding took place more than 20,000 years ago. changes of the deposit of bones and teeth from older sediments are not to exclude in the finding pl ... | 1993 | 8489038 |
| the impact of predators on livestock in the abruzzo region of italy. | free-living populations of wolves (canis lupus linnaeus, 1758) and brown bears (ursus arctos linnaeus, 1758) regularly cause damage to livestock in the abruzzo region of italy. the laws of the region provide for compensation payments to owners for losses caused by predators. in the present paper, 4,993 validated claims made between 1980 and 1988 are examined. losses ascribed to wolf, bear and wild boar attacks were 92.1%, 7.8% and 0.1%, respectively, of the total losses caused by predators durin ... | 1993 | 8518446 |
| intestinal helminth parasite community in wolves (canis lupus) in italy. | from 1987 to 1993, 89 wolves (canis lupus) collected throughout the whole italian range were examined for intestinal helminth parasites. twelve species were found, including 5 nematodes (uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and toxascaris leonina) and 7 cestodes (echinococcus granulosus, taenia hydatigena, t. multiceps, t. pisiformis, t. ovis, mesocestoides lineatus and dipylidium caninum). no significant differences were detected between sexes. t. canis ... | 1993 | 8065823 |
| use of tiletamine and zolazepam to immobilize captive iberian wolves (canis lupus). | a mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam (zoletil) was used to immobilize 29 captive born iberian wolves. based on their excitability during handling procedures the animals were categorized as excited (n = 15) and unexcited (n = 14). we observed differences in the responses of these groups to the drugs. although immobilized with higher doses (mean +/- sd of 6.94 +/- 2.13 versus 5.04 +/- 1.74 mg/kg for the unexcited) the excited individuals had an irregular and less predictable response, with five i ... | 1994 | 8151815 |
| molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: the ethiopian wolf canis simensis. | the world's most endangered canid is the ethiopian wolf canis simensis, which is found in six isolated areas of the ethiopian highlands with a total population of no more than 500 individuals. ethiopian wolf populations are declining due to habitat loss and extermination by humans. moreover, in at least one population, ethiopian wolves are sympatric with domestic dogs, which may hybridize with them, compete for food, and act as disease vectors. using molecular techniques, we address four questio ... | 1994 | 7921357 |
| serologic investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (canis lupus) pup mortalities. | twenty-one serum samples from 18 wolves (canis lupus) were collected from 1985 to 1990 from northwestern montana (usa) and southeastern british columbia, canada, and evaluated for antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper (cd), infectious canine hepatitis, and lyme disease; we found prevalences of 13 (65%) of 19, five (29%) of 17, seven (36%) of 19, and 0 of 20 wolves for these diseases, respectively. pups died or disappeared in three of the eight packs studied. in these three pack ... | 1994 | 8028116 |
| rabies in wolves of the great lakes region. | we report six cases of rabies (three confirmed, three suspected) in gray wolves (canis lupus) representing 21% of the total wolf mortality in a 5 yr study (1987 to 1992) of radio-collared wolves in algonquin provincial park, ontario, canada. reports of rabies in wolves of the great lakes region of north america are rare, even though wolf populations have been studied extensively for almost 40 years. no cases have been documented in wild wolves on the u.s. side of the great lakes, whereas, in ont ... | 1994 | 7760491 |
| an acoustic basis for maternal recognition in timber wolves (canis lupus)? | an in-den recording system was used to monitor the vocalizations and behavior of adult wolves tending to a litter of pups during the first five postnatal weeks. two female adults, one of them the mother, tended to the pups on nonoverlapping schedules. the distributions of the fundamental frequencies of the adults' squeak vocalizations were largely nonoverlapping, suggesting that this feature may be available as an acoustic cue to individual recognition. squeaks emitted outside the den, and which ... | 1995 | 7699177 |
| occurrence of rabies in a wolf population in northeastern alaska. | nine alaskan wolves (canis lupus) were found dead during spring and summer 1985; five of seven animals tested for rabies virus were positive. the 1985 epizootic altered annual den use patterns by wolves in northeastern alaska, but did not appear to affect population size. we propose that rabies in arctic wolves may be more common than previously thought. | 1995 | 7563430 |
| comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (felidae), dogs (canidae), bears (ursidae) and hyaenas (hyaenidae). | the structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the felidae, canidae, ursidae and hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. the felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (panthera leo), a panther neonate (panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. the canidae were represented by ... | 1995 | 7649822 |
| responses of beaver (castor canadensis kuhl) to predator chemicals. | free-ranging beaver (castor canadensis) in two different beaver populations in new york state were exposed to predator chemicals to test feeding inhibition. solvent extracts of feces were applied to stem sections of aspen, the preferred food tree of beavers, permitting smelling and tasting the samples. predator odors were from wolf (canis lupus), coyote (canis latrans), dog (canis familiaris), black bear (ursus americanus), river otter (lutra canadensis), lynx (lynx canadensis), and african lion ... | 1995 | 24234632 |
| serologic survey of trichinellosis in wild mammals kept in a mexico city zoo. | a serologic survey of trichinella infection was carried out to determine the prevalence of this parasitosis among wild mammals kept in captivity at the chapultepec zoo. this was prompted by the necropsy finding of a heavy trichinella infection in a canadian polar bear (ursus maritimus) that had been kept at the zoo for more than 11 years. the parasites recovered were identified as t. nativa (t2). a serologic study based on elisa and western blot analysis was performed in serum samples from two p ... | 1996 | 9017871 |
| ixodes (ixodes) scapularis (acari:ixodidae): redescription of all active stages, distribution, hosts, geographical variation, and medical and veterinary importance. | the blacklegged tick, ixodes (ixodes) scapularis say, 1821, is redescribed, based on laboratory reared specimens originating in bulloch county, georgia. information on distribution, host associations, morphological variation, and medical/veterinary importance is also presented. a great deal of recent work has focused on this species because it is the principal vector of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwaldt & brenner) in eastern north america. its d ... | 1996 | 8667375 |
| [vascular system in the large intestine of the dog (canis lupus f. familiaris)]. | the vascular system of the large intestine of 10 dogs was examined by means of vascular corrosion casts, histology and transmission-electron microscopy. the tela submucosa contains an arterial and a venous vascular plexus. in broader areas of the submucosa, a deep and a superficial vascular plexus, which are interconnected, can be found. the plexus are orientated parallel to the layers of the intestinal wall. on the one hand, these vessels naturally provide self-sufficiency and drainage of the s ... | 1996 | 8766402 |
| the genetical history of an isolated population of the endangered grey wolf canis lupus: a study of nuclear and mitochondrial polymorphisms. | the grey wolf was thought to have been exterminated in the scandinavian peninsula when the sudden appearance of a few animals in southern sweden was reported in 1980. these wolves founded a new swedish population which currently numbers at least 25 individuals, one of the world's smallest populations of the species. the sudden occurrence of the founder animals caused speculation that these had not appeared by 'natural' means but rather were swedish zoo animals deliberately released by man. to an ... | 1996 | 9004318 |
| developmental changes in associations among timber wolf (canis lupus) postures. | i examined developmental changes in associations among components of timber wolf (canis lupus) postural communication in two hand-reared pups between 15 and 85 days of age. the frequency with which select postural components co-occurred was scored from 180 randomly sampled frames of video records of these pups made during social interactions. i used this index of association as the basis for multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. relations among postural components became more structured ... | 1996 | 24896073 |
| developmental changes in the sequential behavior of interacting timber wolf pups. | we used information statistics to quantify first-order sequential dependencies in the social behavior of two sibling wolf pups (canis lupus). sequential dependencies in the behavior of the individual pups increased between the first sample (18-32 days of age) and two later samples taken from 34-53 days and 64-106 days of age. sequential dependencies between pups were greatest during the second age sampled. we relate these findings to changes in the importance and style of interactions. in the fi ... | 1997 | 24896960 |
| demonstration of helicobacter pylori-like organisms in the gastric mucosa of captive exotic carnivores. | samples of gastric tissue from the cardiac, fundic and pyloric region of 30 carnivores comprising 12 tigers (panthera tigris), 10 lions (panthera leo), three pumas (felis concolor), two leopards (panthera pardus), one serval (felis serval), one wolf (canis lupus) and one hyena (crocuta crocuta) kept at german zoological gardens were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. selected tissue specimens of 12 animals were examined also by electron microscopy. the purpose of ... | 1997 | 9076597 |
| occurrence of rabies in wolves of alaska. | we describe a rabies epizootic in northwest alaska (usa) during 1989 and 1990 which resulted in mortality to several different wolf (canis lupus) packs. four radio-collared wolves were confirmed to have rabies while evidence for seven others was strongly suggestive but not confirmed. the wolf population declined during the rabies epizootic; thus rabies may have been a significant limiting factor. | 1997 | 9131553 |
| death of a wild wolf from canine parvoviral enteritis. | a 9-mo-old female wolf (canis lupus) in the superior national forest of minnesota (usa) died from a canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. this is the first direct evidence that this infection effects free-ranging wild wolves. | 1997 | 9131567 |
| functional characterisation of eskimo dog hemoglobin: i. interaction of cl- and 2,3-dpg and its importance to oxygen unloading at low temperature. | the oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin and some hematological parameters in eskimo dogs (belonging to canis lupus familiaris) in ilulissat/jacobshavn, greenland were analysed. the average [2,3-dpg] and [hb] (n = 16) were 3.14 +/- 0.34 mmol l-1 blood and 9.53 +/- 0.65 g dl-1 (1.49 mmol l-1), respectively, giving a stoichiometric ratio of 2.11 mol 2,3-dpg/mol hb. oxygen binding analysis carried out on hemolysate in hepes buffer at 20 and 37 degrees c revealed a high oxygen affinity (1.2 mmhg ... | 1997 | 9172389 |
| functional characterisation of eskimo dog hemoglobin: ii. the interplay of hco(3)- and cl-. | hemoglobin (hb) from the eskimo dog (belonging to canis lupus familiaris) showed similar bohr effect (delta log p50/delta ph) to human hba in the presence of 100 mmol l-1 nacl at 20 degrees c. the presence of 7% carbon dioxide in the desalted condition caused a positive (reversed) bohr effect in the ph range 7.1-7.5 on eskimo dog hb, whereas in human hba there was no bohr effect within this ph range. a positive bohr effect on eskimo dog hb in this condition was also observed at 37 degrees c. thi ... | 1997 | 9172390 |
| isolation and characterisation of an aujeszky's disease virus naturally infecting a wild boar (sus scrofa). | isolation of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) from an injured, female wild boar (sus scrofa), shot dead by hunters, in an area adjacent to the abruzzo national park is reported. the brain was submitted for attempted virus isolation following episodes of mortality in several dogs and cats fed with meat from the wild boar. virus was isolated on first passage from the brain of the wild boar. the restriction fragment length polymorphism profile of the isolate was assessed as a type i. the role of stre ... | 1997 | 9220606 |
| sequence analysis of domestic dog mitochondrial dna for forensic use. | a method has been developed for the direct sequencing of hypervariable region 1 (hv1) of domestic dog (canis familiaris) and wolf (canis lupus) mitochondrial dna (mtdna) using single hairs as template. the method uses a robotic work-station and an automated sequencer to allow for robust routine analysis. a population data base was created in order to investigate the forensic and population-genetic informativeness of domestic dog hv1. sequence variation, partitioning of dog breeds among sequence ... | 1997 | 9243824 |
| detection of canine parvovirus in wolves from italy. | one hundred fifteen samples of wolf (canis lupus) feces were collected during 1994 to 1995 from four free-living populations of the north central apennines mountains, italy. the samples were tested for canine parvovirus by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), hemagglutination, and virus isolation. four of these samples were positive by virus isolation as confirmed by electron microscopy. all positive samples were from casentino park in tuscany. this is the first definitive ... | 1997 | 9249711 |
| the carnivore remains from the sima de los huesos middle pleistocene site (sierra de atapuerca, spain). | remains of carnivores from the sima de los huesos site representing at least 158 adult individuals of a primitive (i.e., not very speleoid) form of ursus deningeri von reichenau 1906, have been recovered through the 1995 field season. these new finds extend our knowledge of this group in the sierra de atapuerca middle pleistocene. material previously classified as cuoninae indet, is now assigned to canis lupus and a third metatarsal assigned in 1987 to panthera of gombaszoegensis, is in our opin ... | 1997 | 9300340 |
| levels of aliphatic hydrocarbons in viscera of wolves (canis lupus, l) in galicia (n. w. spain). | 1997 | 9307417 | |
| pcbs and pcts in wolves (canis lupus, l) in galicia (n.w. spain). | levels of pcbs and pcts (the aroclor1260 and aroclor5460 congeners, respectively) in viscera of wolves of galicia (n.w. spain) were determined by capillary gc with electron-capture detection. mean pcb levels ranged from 0.13 mg/kg of dry tissue in kidney to 3.70 mg/kg in liver. pcts were detected only in suprarenal capsule, their mean level being 3.77 mg/kg. | 1997 | 9308159 |
| extensive interbreeding occurred among multiple matriarchal ancestors during the domestication of dogs: evidence from inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms in the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna between dogs and wolves. | to test the hypothesis that the domestic dogs are derived from several different ancestral gray wolf populations, we compared the sequence of the displacement (d)-loop region of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from 24 breeds of domestic dog (34 individual dogs) and 3 subspecies of gray wolf (canis lupus lupus, c.l. pallipes and c.l. chanco; 19 individuals). the intraspecific sequence variations within domestic dogs (0.00-3.19%) and within wolves (0.00-2.88%) were comparable to the interspecific va ... | 1997 | 9418263 |
| helminths of foxes and other wild carnivores from rural areas in greece. | twenty species of helminth parasites were identified from fox, wolf, jackal and wild cat material collected in greece. of the 314 foxes (vulpes vulpes) examined, 18 helminth species were recovered comprising one trematode, eight cestodes, seven nematodes and two acanthocephalans, with the cestode species mesocestoides sp. (73.2%), joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (24.5%) and the nematode species uncinaria stenocephala (43.9%), and toxara canis (28.6%) being the most prevalent. five cestode and thre ... | 1997 | 9705680 |
| electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (canis lupus). | cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy are normal physiologic responses to repetitive endurance exercise activity in human beings and domestic dogs. whether similar changes occur in wild animals as a consequence of increased activity is unknown. we found that free-ranging gray wolves (canis lupus, n = 11), the archetypical endurance athlete, have electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy relative to sedentary captive gray wolves (n = 20), as demonstrated b ... | 1998 | 9787834 |