Publications

developing a vaccine against congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection: what have we learned from animal models? where should we go next?	congenital human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection can lead to long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss. unfortunately, cmvs are highly adapted to their specific species, precluding the evaluation of hcmv vaccines in animal models prior to clinical trials. several species-specific cmvs have been characterized and developed in models of pathogenesis and vaccine-mediated protection against disease. these include the murine cmv (mcmv), the po ...	0	24523827
acute neuronal injury and blood genomic profiles in a nonhuman primate model for ischemic stroke.	the goal of this study was to characterize acute neuronal injury in a novel nonhuman primate (nhp) ischemic stroke model by using multiple outcome measures. silk sutures were inserted into the m1 segment of the middle cerebral artery of rhesus macaques to achieve permanent occlusion of the vessel. the sutures were introduced via the femoral artery by using endovascular microcatheterization techniques. within hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao), infarction was detectable by using ...	0	23114047
the brazilian zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models.	zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus belonging to the genus flavivirus (family flaviviridae) and was first described in 1947 in uganda following blood analyses of sentinel rhesus monkeys. until the twentieth century, the african and asian lineages of the virus did not cause meaningful infections in humans. however, in 2007, vectored by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, zikv caused the first noteworthy epidemic on the yap island in micronesia. patients experienced fever, skin rash, arthralgia and conjunctiv ...	0	27279226
pdl241, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody, reveals cd319 as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.	targeting the cd20 antigen has been a successful therapeutic intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). however, in some patients with an inadequate response to anti-cd20 therapy, a persistence of cd20- plasmablasts is noted. the strong expression of cd319 on cd20- plasmablast and plasma cell populations in ra synovium led to the investigation of the potential of cd319 as a therapeutic target.	0	24299175
a synthetic consensus anti-spike protein dna vaccine induces protective immunity against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates.	first identified in 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is caused by an emerging human coronavirus, which is distinct from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and represents a novel member of the lineage c betacoronoviruses. since its identification, mers coronavirus (mers-cov) has been linked to more than 1372 infections manifesting with severe morbidity and, often, mortality (about 495 deaths) in the arabian peninsula, europe, and, most recently, the united ...	0	26290414
the slco (former slc21) superfamily of transporters.	the members of the organic anion transporting polypeptide superfamily (oatps) are classified within the slco solute carrier family. all functionally well characterized members are predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains and are sodium-independent transport systems that mediate the transport of a broad range of endo- as well as xenobiotics. substrates are mainly amphipathic organic anions with a molecular weight of more than 300da, but some of the known transported substrates are also neutral ...	0	23506880
use of a rhesus plasmodium cynomolgi model to screen for anti-hypnozoite activity of pharmaceutical substances.	there remains a need for new drugs to prevent relapse of plasmodium vivax or p. ovale infection. the relapsing primate malaria p. cynomolgi has been used for decades to assess drugs for anti-hypnozoite activity. after sporozoite inoculation and blood-stage cure of initial parasitemia with chloroquine, rhesus macaques were treated on subsequent relapses with chloroquine in conjunction with test regimens of approved drugs. tested drugs were selected for known liver or blood-stage activity and were ...	0	22665596
pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) after subcutaneous administration.	trauma is a common sequela to agonistic social encounters in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and veterinarians often prescribe antibiotics as part of a balanced treatment plan. long-acting, single-dose, injectable antibiotics for use in rhesus macaques are unavailable currently. ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa) is a long-acting, single-dose, injectable third-generation cephalosporin that provides at least 7 d of ceftiofur therapeutic plasma concentrations in swine (sus scrofa domesticus) ...	0	26424255
sexually selected skin colour is heritable and related to fecundity in a non-human primate.	sexual selection promotes the prevalence of heritable traits that increase an individual's reproductive rate. despite theoretically strong directional selection, sexually selected traits can show inter-individual variation. here, we investigate whether red skin ornamentation, a rare example of a male mammalian trait involved in mate attraction, influences fecundity and is heritable in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and explore the mechanisms that are involved in maintaining trait variation. i ...	0	25253459
sex differences in survival costs of reproduction in a promiscuous primate.	in sexually promiscuous mammals, female reproductive effort is mainly expressed through gestation, lactation, and maternal care, whereas male reproductive effort is mainly manifested as mating effort. in this study, we investigated whether reproduction has significant survival costs for a seasonally breeding, sexually promiscuous species, the rhesus macaque, and whether these costs occur at different times of the year for females and males, namely in the birth and the mating season, respectively ...	0	23645968
pure cultivation of spirochaeta phagedenis (new species), a spiral organism found in phagedenic lesions on human external genitalia.	1. a hitherto undescribed spiral organism has been isolated in pure culture from a case of mild phagedenic ulcer on the external genitalia of a woman. for this organism the name spirochoeta phagedenis is proposed. 2. spirochoeta phagedenis is a strict anaerobe and grows in the presence of fresh tissue in ascitic agar. it produces no apparent change in the media, but a somewhat offensive odor develops in the culture tube. 3. spirochoeta phagedenis incites a slight inflammatory reaction in the ski ...	1912	19867571
paralysis in a dog simulating poliomyelitis.	a pet dog developed a form of paralysis simulating the paralysis of epidemic poliomyelitis. the autopsy showed changes in the spinal cord and intervertebral ganglia, resembling, but not identical with, the lesions of poliomyelitis in man. inoculation of the affected spinal cord into the nervous system of young dogs and macacus rhesus monkeys was not followed by the production of paralysis or other obvious symptom of disease.	1913	19867669
intraspinous infection in experimental poliomyelitis.	by intraspinous injections of specimens of poliomyelitic virus of suitable virulence infection can be caused regularly in macacus rhesus monkeys. the virus passes from the subarachnoid spaces into the nervous tissues in which it multiplies, and into the blood. the constant involvement of the pia-arachnoid membranes in poliomyelitis, even when no paralysis occurs, and the fact that infection can readily be produced by intraspinous inoculation suggests anew that in the pathogenesis of poliomyeliti ...	1914	19867761
the blood-picture of healthy rhesus monkeys.		1915	19972257
experimental rat-bite fever : first report.	1. we have confirmed ogata's results in experimental rat-bite fever caused by the bite of rats. 2. in our experiments with guinea pigs, swelling and congestion of the bitten parts, swelling of the subcutaneous lymph nodes, fever, and loss of weight were the typical symptoms. the progress of the fever was not so regular as in human cases, but we find records in the literature of patients who showed irregular fever types or were afebrile. the chief points that we noted in the anatomical view of th ...	1917	19868078
the normal fate of erythrocytes : i. the findings in healthy animals.	the phagocytosis of red corpuscles, while frequent in the normal dog, rat, and guinea pig, is slight in man, the rhesus monkey, and many rabbits. in cats it is always negligible in amount and frequently absent. phagocytosis will not suffice as a general explanation of normal blood destruction. when the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of the cat, dog, rabbit, or monkey are slowly perfused with defibrinated blood or locke"s solution, bodies are given off into the fluid which have the appearance of ...	1917	19868115
the rat and poliomyelitis: an experimental study.	the central nervous organs and other viscera of six rats, collected in a district in greater new york in which many cases of epidemic poliomyelitis occurred, have been proved incapable of inciting, on inoculation, experimental poliomyelitis in macacus rhesus monkeys. the virus of poliomyelitis injected into the brain of white rats does not survive there as long as 4 days in a form or in amounts sufficient to cause infection when inoculated intracerebrally into monkeys. the failure of the virus i ...	1918	19868268
etiology of oroya fever : iv. the effect of inoculation of anthropoid apes with bartonella bacilliformis.	the inoculation of a chimpanzee with cultures and a passage strain of bartonella bacilliformis induced local reactions which, while definite and characteristic, progressed less rapidly and were much less striking than those in the control rhesus monkey. bartonella bacilliformis was demonstrated in the blood corpuscles with difficulty, and the fever was slight compared with the high and persistent fever of the rhesus monkey. in both the swelling of the lymph glands was an early symptom and consta ...	1926	19869218
etiology of oroya fever : v. the experimental transmission of bartonella bacilliformis by ticks (dermacentor andersoni).	experiments are reported in which bartonella bacilliformis was transmitted from infected to normal rhesus monkeys by the bite of the tick, dermacentor andersoni. a long period of feeding, both on the infected animal and on the normal animal subjected to infection, was required in order to secure positive results. the infection transmitted by the ticks was mild, but definite, as shown by the recovery of bartonella bacilliformis from the lymph nodes and blood.	1926	19869219
the etiology of verruga peruana.	a saline suspension of a subcutaneous nodule excised from a verruga patient, and kept in the refrigerator for 14 days, on inoculation into two young macacus rhesus monkeys (nos. 33 and 34) induced irregular febrile reactions and enlargement of the lymph glands, and in one instance a subcutaneous nodule arose, independently of direct inoculation, on the tail. a microorganism has been isolated from the blood of both animals, and from the experimental nodule, which in pathogenic properties and in c ...	1927	19869238
etiology of oroya fever : vi. pathological changes observed in animals experimentally infected with bartonella bacilliformis. the distribution of the parasites in the tissues.	the pathological changes observed in the organs in macacus rhesus monkeys which have succumbed to severe infection with bartonella bacilliformis are similar to those found in human organs in persons dying of oroya fever. the characteristic changes in the liver are the zonal necrosis of the cells around the hepatic veins, involving active macrophagocytosis of invading polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the necrotic areas, and a marked endothelial hyperplasia in the sinusoids or around the portal vei ...	1927	19869264
etiology of oroya fever : vii. the response of the skin of macacus rhesus and anthropoid apes to inoculation with bartonella bacilliformis.	bartonella bacilliformis failed to induce lesions when merely rubbed on the surface of the intact skin of a chimpanzee, an ourang-utan, and numerous macacus rhesus monkeys, although when applied to the scarified skin of the same animals it gave rise to extensive lesions. application of infectious material to the scarified skin did not always induce verruga lesions, but intradermal inoculation almost invariably gave rise to nodule formation. the localization of bartonella bacilliformis in the ski ...	1927	19869265
the incubation period of yellow fever in the mosquito.	1. the yellow fever virus was found in infectious form in aedes aegypti throughout the entire period of the extrinsic incubation, as demonstrated by the injection of the bodies of mosquitoes into normal rhesus monkeys at daily intervals after the insects had fed on an infected animal. 2. the virus was transmitted through the bite of the mosquitoes, in one experiment on and after the 9th day, and in two experiments on the 12th day after the initial infecting feed. 3. the pathologic changes produc ...	1928	19869467
anastomoses between the recurrent laryngeal and phrenic nerves: the condition of the intrinsic muscles and nerves of the larynx of a rhesus monkey more than three years, and two years, after operation.		1928	20773861
studies on south american yellow fever : i. the strains of virus in use at the yellow fever laboratory in bahia, brazil.	it would appear that inoculation of rhesus monkeys served a diagnostic purpose in one of our cases, that of s. r. the disease was so mild that in the absence of an epidemic no clinician would have made the diagnosis without this laboratory procedure. it should be pointed out that following inoculation of liver emulsion, and sometimes even of blood, it is impossible to tell whether an early fever resulting is due to a protein reaction, to bacterial infection, or to true yellow fever. if plenty of ...	1929	19869596
etiology of oroya fever : xiv. the insect vectors of carrion's disease.	with a view to determining the mode of infection in carrion's disease, a study of the blood-sucking insects found in the districts of peru where the disease prevails has been carried out, through the cooperation of the rockefeller institute and the rockefeller foundation. the material studied included ticks, mites, midges, lice, fleas, bedbugs, mosquitoes, buffalo gnats, horse-flies, "sheep ticks," 3 species of streblidae, and 3 species of phlebotomus, including phlebotomus verrucarum townsend a ...	1929	19869598
etiology of oroya fever : xvi. verruga in the dog and the donkey.	in the experiments here reported, definite verruga lesions, in which the presence of bartonella bacilliformis was established by culture or by passage to rhesus monkeys, were produced in a dog and in a donkey by inoculation of cultures or monkey passage strains. the reaction induced in these animals was entirely local, however; blood cultures were sterile. histologically, the lesions produced were similar to those obtained in monkeys by inoculation of bartonella bacilliformis, except for the pre ...	1929	19869639
possibility of hereditary transmission of yellow fever virus by aedes aegypti (linn.).	attempts to obtain passage of yellow fever virus from one generation to the next in a. aegypti were unsuccessful. subcutaneous injections at varying intervals of a saline emulsion of 200 eggs laid by an infective lot of mosquitoes produced no reaction in six normal m. rhesus monkeys. negative results were also obtained in five biting and two injection experiments with progeny of the same infective lot of mosquitoes in which seven normal monkeys were used. the eggs consisted of batches laid after ...	1929	19869656
intradermal immunization of monkeys with one set of injections of poliomyelitis virus.	1. by means of a single large dose of poliomyelitis virus, distributed at a number of intradermal sites, active immunity has been produced in macacus rhesus monkeys, as shown by skin neutralization and intracisternal tests. 2. in the small series (four animals) of monkeys so treated, neither abortive nor paralytic signs of experimental poliomyelitis appeared.	1930	19869669
the effect of the x-ray on the nodules of verruga peruana.	the supposition that x-ray would affect the developing and the developed verruga nodules experimentally induced in the monkey, has proved correct. the experiments show that the early verruga nodules when exposed to a single, properly graduated dose of x-ray producing merely erythema of the skin, are inhibited in their evolution. moreover, the skin of macacus rhesus monkeys is modified by a single erythema dose of x-ray in such a way that infection of it with bartonella bacilliformis is rendered ...	1930	19869674
the transmission of yellow fever : experiments with the "woolly monkey" (lagothrix lago-tricha humboldt), the "spider monkey" (ateleus ater f. cuvier), and the "squirrel monkey" (saimiri scireus linnaeus).	1. saimiri sciureus has been infected with yellow fever virus, both by the inoculation of infectious blood and by the bites of infective mosquitoes. some of the monkeys have died, showing lesions, including hepatic necrosis, suggesting yellow fever as seen in human beings and in rhesus monkeys. virus has been transferred back to m. rhesus from infected saimiri both by blood inoculation and by mosquito bites. the virus undoubtedly has been maintained through four direct passages in saimiri. reino ...	1930	19869721
the survival of yellow fever virus in cultures.	1. the virus of yellow fever has been found to survive in artificial culture media for at least 12 days at a temperature of 35 degrees c. no visible growth has been present and no reproduction of the virus has been demonstrated. 2. infections have been obtained in rhesus monkeys with two strains of virus in quantities as small as 0.00001 cc. of infectious blood, and with one strain in an amount probably as minute as 0.000001 cc.	1930	19869744
the susceptibility of marmosets to yellow fever virus.	1. it has been possible to introduce yellow fever virus into the small brazilian monkeys, callithrix albicollis and leontocebus ursulus, by the bites of infected mosquitoes and to carry the virus through a series of four passages in each species and back to rhesus monkeys by the bites of stegomyia mosquitoes fed on the last marmoset of each series. 2. five specimens of l. ursulus were used. four developed fever, and all died during the experiments. at least two showed liver necroses comparable t ...	1930	19869773
transmission and cultivation experiments with human trachoma and the experimental disease in monkeys.	1. conjunctival tissue derived from alien and native american white persons in new york city, having trachoma in an advanced stage, has been used successfully to induce in macacus rhesus monkeys characteristic granular conjunctivitis. the transfer of infection was effected either by a single subconjunctival injection, or by repeated swabbing with conjunctival secretions. 2. pathogenic strains of bacterium granulosis have been recovered from the trachomatous tissues of six out of eleven patients. ...	1931	19869900
the transmission of neurotropic yellow fever virus by stegomyia mosquitoes.	1. by the bites of stegomyia mosquitoes carrying neurotropic yellow fever virus, encephalitis has been produced both in white mice and in rhesus monkeys. 2. the fixed neurotropic strain of virus cannot be maintained in the mosquito host as well as can the viscerotropic strains. this is doubtless attributable in part to a smaller amount of virus ingested, because of paucity in the blood stream of the mammalian host. 3. these experiments furnish additional evidence that the long established neurot ...	1932	19870108
studies on the etiology of spontaneous conjunctival folliculosis of monkeys : i. transmission and filtration experiments.	spontaneous folliculosis of macacus rhesus monkeys-a type of follicular conjunctivitis associated with marked, local, inflammatory reactions-is apparently a disease sui generis, due to a specific infectious agent. it can be transmitted from monkey to monkey by means of subconjunctival injection of suspensions, and by conjunctival swabbing of the secretions, of affected tissues, or by contact of normal animals with folliculosis monkeys. the agent causing folliculosis has failed in our hands to pa ...	1933	19870128
studies on the etiology of spontaneous conjunctival folliculosis of monkeys : ii. bacteriological experiments.	in the bacteriological study here reported, we undertook an investigation of the flora associated with spontaneous conjunctival folliculosis. following the plan of noguchi (2), monkeys and chimpanzees were inoculated with the different organisms recovered from affected tissues. by this means, we disclosed among the bacteria a new species, bacterium simiae, which was found to be specifically active, in that it induced follicular reactions in the conjunctiva apparently indistinguishable from the d ...	1933	19870166
the titration of yellow fever virus in stegomyia mosquitoes.	titrations were made of yellow fever virus in stegomyia mosquitoes, using rhesus monkeys as test animals. it was found that: (a) the average mosquito immediately after engorging on highly infectious blood contained between 1 and 2 million lethal doses of virus. the titer of freshly ingested blood was as high as 1 billion lethal doses of virus per cubic centimeter. (b) during the fortnight succeeding a meal on infectious blood there occurred a reduction of titratable virus to not more than 1 per ...	1933	19870190
an investigation of the etiology of mumps.	1. from four out of six specimens of saliva from six cases of mumps in the early stages of the disease, a filterable cytotropic virus has been obtained which induces in m. rhesus monkeys, following inoculation of the parotid glands through stensen's duct, an acute, non-suppurative parotitis analogous to mumps. 2. this virus has not been found in normal saliva, nor does it correspond to any known virus with which we are familiar. 3. the virus is free of demonstrable microorganisms including spiro ...	1934	19870227
an investigation into the significance of hormonal factors in experimental poliomyelitis.	1. adult rhesus monkeys possess frequently a greater resistance to experimental infection with poliomyelitis virus than young monkeys as indicated by the prolongation of the incubation period and the content of feeble neutralizing substances in the normal serum. 2. virucidal substances can be demonstrated in the normal serum of subadult chimpanzees. 3. immature monkeys prepared with glandular anterior pituitary hormones and anterior pituitary-like principles from the urine of pregnant women are ...	1934	19870230
acute ascending myelitis following a monkey bite, with the isolation of a virus capable of reproducing the disease.	a case of acute ascending myelitis which followed the bite of an apparently normal macacus rhesus monkey is described. the clinical course as well as the pathological changes has been studied and found to be suggestive of a virus cause for the disease. the absence of perivascular demyelinization removes the case from the realm of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and establishes it more or less definitely as a primary acute infectious myelitis. an extremely important feature of the pathologic ...	1934	19870235
experimental studies on encephalitis : ii. the specific virus character of the infectious agent from cases of st. louis and kansas city encephalitis, 1933.	1. the infectious agent from fatal cases of st. louis and kansas city encephalitis passes seitz pads in high dilution without appreciable loss of infectivity and traverses collodion membranes with an average pore size of 66 mmicro or greater. 2. it is highly infectious for mice by the intracerebral and intranasal routes, but practically innocuous by the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. 3. certain strains of mice are more susceptible than others. 4. the agent administered to mice intranas ...	1935	19870368
inactivation of poliomyelitis virus in vitro by crystalline vitamin c (ascorbic acid).	the experimental evidence presented in this paper shows that multiple paralytic doses of poliomyelitis virus, when mixed with very small amounts of crystalline vitamin c (ascorbic acid), are rendered non-infectious as determined by intracerebral injection of such mixtures into rhesus monkeys.	1935	19870431
nuclear inclusions in the kidneys of macacus rhesus monkeys.		1935	19970224
the coronary blood supply in the rhesus monkey.		1935	17104559
refractoriness to ovarian stimulation in the rhesus monkey.		1935	17744624
the effect of the administration of oestrogenic hormones on the nasal mucosa of the monkey (macaca mulatta).		1936	20320432
studies on pseudorabies (infectious bulbar paralysis, mad itch : iii. the disease in the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta.	in the monkey (m. mulatto) the virus of pseudorabies, pantropic in the rabbit, behaves as a strict neurotrope. infection, usually fatal, readily follows intracerebral and intracisternal inoculation of rabbit virus, and often intrasciatic inoculation; the symptomatology of the ensuing disease is described. in a limited number of experiments no infection resulted from intradermal, intramuscular or intravenous inoculation. nerve and glial cells are primarily attacked by the virus, but no cytologica ...	1936	19870482
protective action of certain chemicals against infection of monkeys with nasally instilled poliomyelitis virus.	in the present investigation evidence was obtained indicating that nasal instillations of suitable concentrations of sodium alum or tannic acid induce in macacus rhesus monkeys resistance to the development of poliomyelitis when the virus is introduced by the nasal route. it was found that apparently different concentrations of these chemicals are required to exert this type of protective effect in different hosts or against different viruses, for while mice are readily protected against nasal i ...	1936	19870511
an acquired resistance of growing animals to certain neurotropic viruses in the absence of humoral antibodies or previous exposure to infection.	1. as mice grow older they acquire a resistance to peripheral inoculation with the indiana and new jersey strains of vesicular stomatitis virus and to some extent also to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, but little or none to the eastern strain. 2. while some mice may become resistant as early as the 30th day of life, others may still be susceptible at 1 year of age. 3. this resistance is readily demonstrable when the inoculations are made by intranasal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra ...	1936	19870564
spontaneous encephalomyelitis of mice, a new virus disease.	1. the characteristics of a filterable virus obtained from mice found spontaneously paralyzed and showing lesions of encephalomyelitis are described. 2. the course of the disease in mice, following intracerebral inoculation, is briefly as follows: after an incubation period varying from 7 to over 30 days a flaccid paralysis of one of the limbs appears. this paralysis usually spreads rapidly until all four limbs are affected. young mice are more susceptible than older ones, and very young mice, l ...	1937	19870629
the effect of prolonged cultivation in vitro upon the pathogenicity of yellow fever virus.	1. experimental evidence is presented to show that prolonged cultivation of yellow fever virus in vitro results in a change in its pathogenicity, and that this change varies with the type of tissues used for the cultivation. 2. in the tissue cultures used for the propagation of the virus, three different types of tissues were used. they included whole mouse embryo, chick embryo from which the head and spinal cord had been removed, and testicular tissues of mice and guinea pigs. 3. the changes in ...	1937	19870633
the use of yellow fever virus modified by in vitro cultivation for human immunization.	the response of rhesus monkeys to a subcutaneous inoculation with varying amounts of virus modified by prolonged cultivation in vitro has been studied. the tissue components of the medium consisted of chick embryo tissue containing minimal amounts of nervous tissue. the immunity produced in monkeys, as measured by the antibody titer developed, has no relation to the amount of virus inoculated. monkeys inoculated subcutaneously with the tissue culture virus are rendered immune to a subsequent inj ...	1937	19870634
demonstration of passive immunity in experimental monkey malaria.	a plasmodium knowlesi infection in rhesus monkeys is almost invariably fatal. this infection, however, may be made chronic by the early administration of antimalarial drugs. the animals then will harbor a chronic infection for an indefinite period. the serum taken from monkeys with chronic infection and injected into those suffering from an acute attack was found to have a definite depressing effect upon the course of the experimental disease. in some instances death was prevented and the acute ...	1937	19870655
vitamin c content of monkey tissues in experimental poliomyelitis.	1. the concentrations of reduced ascorbic acid present in the tissues of normal rhesus monkeys are of a magnitude in keeping with the values found for other animal species which are incapable of synthesizing vitamin c. these concentrations are subject to distinct increase by prolonged parenteral administration of ascorbic acid. 2. the amounts of vitamin c present in nervous tissue and the suprarenals of monkeys, paralyzed as the result of poliomyelitis infection, are slightly below the normal av ...	1937	19870678
the course of fibres in the dorsal nerve roots of macaca mulatta, the rhesus monkey.		1937	17104657
the effects of prolonged oestrogenic stimulation on the prostate of the rhesus monkey.		1938	17104690
the effects of male hormone on a mature castrated rhesus monkey.		1938	17104691
the effect of sex-hormones on the bulbo-urethral glands of rhesus monkeys.		1938	17104741
alleged birth of triplets in the rhesus monkey.		1938	17754685
canine distemper in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta).	canine distemper has been transmitted to rhesus monkeys by a variety of methods. the disease is strikingly similar if not identical in its features with distemper in dogs.	1938	19870723
the sparing effect of canine distemper on poliomyelitis in macaca mulatta.	1. rhesus monkeys inoculated with canine distemper are relatively or completely immune to experimental poliomyelitis during the first 2 weeks of the distemper. 2. monkeys convalescent from distemper are not resistant to experimental poliomyelitis. 3. two monkeys vaccinated with distemper virus responded to poliomyelitis in a modified manner. 4. distemper antiserum did not influence the course of experimental poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys. 5. equine encephalomyelitis and vaccinia encephalitis s ...	1938	19870724
evidence of active immunity to experimental poliomyelitis obtained by the intranasal route in macacus rhesus.	the experiments reported above indicate that the intranasal instillations of pituitrin s and adrephine, alter susceptibility in the rhesus monkey. one-half to two-thirds of the treated animals resisted intranasal infection, and, moreover, most of the resistant animals which had received combined treatment and virus developed active immunity, as indicated by the presence of neutralizing substance in their serums and by their ability to resist intracerebral infection. we have, it appears, not alon ...	1938	19870738
the complement fixation reaction in monkey malaria.	1. a specific complement fixation reaction test for plasmodium knowlesi malaria in rhesus monkeys is reported with details involved in the preparation of the antigen and procedures employed in setting up the test. 2. it was found that specific complement-fixing antibodies appeared early in the course of the experimental disease and persisted during the course of the chronic infection. 3. the first appearance of complement-fixing antibodies was generally followed by a temporary fall in titer. dur ...	1938	19870762
the quantitative relationship between immune serum and infective dose of parasites as demonstrated by the protection test in monkey malaria.	the minimal infective dose of plasmodium knowlesi for rhesus monkeys was found in this study to be between 1 and 10 parasites when injected intraperitoneally. as the dose of parasites is increased, the length of time prior to the appearance of circulating parasites is decreased. however, the severity of the infection once it is established is independent of the initial dose of parasites. in passive protection experiments a quantitative relationship was demonstrated between the number of parasite ...	1938	19870773
fate of nasally instilled poliomyelitis virus in normal and convalescent monkeys with special reference to the problem of host to host transmission.	with a method of intranasal instillation of poliomyelitis virus that brings about infection of all m. rhesus monkeys subjected to it, a study was undertaken of the fate of nasally instilled virus in normal and convalescent, immune animals. control experiments revealed that nasal mucosa of normal monkeys contained no observable antiviral factors and that when five or ten minimal cerebral infective doses were added to the mucosa, virus could be detected by the employed procedure. in the olfactory ...	1938	19870774
nutritional cytopenia (vitamin m deficiency) in the monkey.	young rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were given a diet containing casein, polished rice, whole wheat, salt mixture, sodium chloride, cod liver oil, and ascorbic acid. they developed a syndrome characterized by anemia, leukopenia, and loss of weight. ulceration of the gums and diarrhea were common, and death occurred between the 26th and 100th day. 4 monkeys were given the deficient diet supplemented with 1 mg. of riboflavin daily, and these developed the characteristic signs and died. in period ...	1938	19870827
the distribution of material following intracerebral inoculation into macacus rhesus monkeys and its possible influence upon the results of neutralization tests in experimental poliomyelitis.		1938	19970386
prausnitz-kustner reaction in rhesus monkeys.		1938	18744732
vitamin c in relation to experimental poliomyelitis : with incidental observations on certain manifestations in macacus rhesus monkeys on a scorbutic diet.	in the experiments reported in the present communication it was found that vitamin c, both natural and synthetic preparations, had no effect on the course of experimental poliomyelitis induced by nasal instillation of the virus. the objection cannot be raised that too large an amount of virus was used, since recent studies (3) on the fate of the nasally instilled virus indicated that all but an undetectable amount of it is swallowed and disappears from the nasal mucosa within 3 hours or less, an ...	1939	19870860
the simultaneous occurrence of the viruses of canine distemper and lymphocytic choriomeningitis : a correction of "canine distemper in the rhesus monkey".	a particular strain of canine distemper, long maintained by serial passage in dogs and ferrets was found to contain the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in addition to that of distemper.	1939	19870887
poliomyelitis and the lymphatic apparatus.	in rhesus monkeys the toomey "t" strain of poliomyelitis virus could not be detected in cervical or thoracic duct lymph after intranasal or intracerebral inoculation.	1939	19870892
production in monkeys of complement-fixing antibodies without active immunity by injection of killed plasmodium knowlesi.	injection into rhesus monkeys of plasmodium knowlesi killed by heat, formalin, drying, or freezing and thawing stimulates the production of complement-fixing antibodies, but no demonstrable agglutinating or protective antibodies are formed. possible differences in the immunity mechanisms concerned in active infection and in artificial immunization are discussed.	1939	19870896
a further contribution to vitamin c therapy in experimental poliomyelitis.	1. multiple paralytic doses of poliomyelitis virus (rmv strain), when brought together with small amounts of synthetic ascorbic acid in vitro, are rendered non-infectious as determined by intracerebral injection of such mixtures into rhesus monkeys. 2. vitamin c administration to monkeys infected intranasally with the rmv strain produces results which differ in accordance with the technique employed for nasal instillation. with an infection of maximum severity, induced by flooding the nasal port ...	1939	19870912
placenta praevia in a rhesus monkey.		1939	17104785
rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) for american laboratories.		1940	17802518
a latent virus in normal mice capable of producing pneumonia in its natural host.	1. a virus capable of producing fatal pneumonia in mice has been isolated repeatedly from the lungs of certain apparently healthy mice. not all mice carry the virus. it was obtained only from mice supplied by three breeders although mice from eight different sources were studied. 2. the virus was avirulent as it occurred in normal mouse lungs and became virulent only after serial mouse lung passage. it was strictly pneumotropic for mice and produced pneumonia when given intranasally but showed n ...	1940	19870970
iii. method for detecting poliomyelitic virus in sewage and stools.	1. the active agent in sewage and aqueous suspensions of human stools, capable of producing poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys after intraperitoneal inoculation, can be precipitated by 50 per cent saturation with ammonium sulfate, and no loss of activity seems to occur during this procedure. 2. the precipitated virus is not consistently "redissolvable" in water. 3. by precipitation and subsequent dialysis of the precipitate, a preparation is obtained which may be smaller in volume, and is less toxi ...	1940	19870998
studies of a murine strain of poliomyelitis virus in cotton rats and white mice.	1. a neurotropic murine virus was isolated by passing poliomyelitis virus (sk strain) from the monkey to cotton rats and white mice. 2. the murine virus has been grown in tissue culture consisting of embryonic mouse brain in ox serum ultrafiltrate. 3. the symptoms and lesions produced by the murine infection compare in all respects with those of poliomyelitis in monkey and man. 4. the murine virus, while highly pathogenic for mice and cotton rats, is non-pathogenic for albino rats, guinea pigs, ...	1940	19871033
nutritional cytopenia in monkeys receiving the goldberger diet.	experiments are reported upon young rhesus monkeys which were given a diet essentially the same as the goldberger black tongue-producing diet, supplemented in various ways. those receiving the unsupplemented diet developed the syndrome characterized by leucopenia, anemia, gingivitis, diarrhea, and death, which has been previously described in monkeys receiving our diet of refined foodstuffs. an animal receiving the goldberger diet supplemented with ascorbic acid and liver extract exhibited norma ...	1940	19871037
pathological changes produced by the subcutaneous injection of rattlesnake (crotalus) venom into macaca mulatta monkeys.		1940	19970509
familial occurrence of renal carcinoma in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta).		1940	19970526
the fibre components of the laryngeal nerves of macaca mulatta.		1940	17104822
corticofugal degeneration following thermocoagulation of areas 4, 6 and 4-s in macaca mulatta.		1940	17104810
experimental poliomyelitis in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (the green african monkey) by oral and other routes.	the green african monkey, cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, has been infected with experimental poliomyelitis after feeding artificially contaminated food. this species is also highly susceptible to intracerebral, intranasal, and intraabdominal inoculations. in one experiment with a human stool from a case of poliomyelitis, cercopithecus was more susceptible to intranasal and to intraabdominal inoculation than macaca mulatta.	1941	19871089
nature of non-paralytic and transitory paralytic poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys inoculated with human virus.	1. the occurrence of non-paralytic poliomyelitis in monkeys inoculated with human or first passage virus was proved by histological examination of the nervous system and by isolation of the virus. 2. the non-paralytic infection was almost invariably associated with the destruction of an appreciable number of nerve cells in the spinal cord, and failure of the process to progress seemed to depend upon an equilibrium between the host and the virus, in which the latter occasionally persisted in an a ...	1941	19871110
second attacks of poliomyelitis : an experimental study.	1. it was found in forty rhesus monkeys that intracerebral, intraocular, intracutaneous, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, and neural inoculations of poliomyelitis virus produced no lesions in the olfactory bulbs despite the fact that the animals contracted pronounced paralyses. this indicated that the virus could be restricted to certain neuronal systems. 2. similarly intranasal inoculation of seven animals produced no lesions in the ciliary ganglia. 3. two monkeys convalescent from an intracutaneo ...	1941	19871123
experimental air-borne infection with poliomyelitis virus.	infection has been obtained in both rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys by inhalation of poliomyelitis virus in the form of droplet nuclei. the olfactory route was excluded in part of the animals successfully infected. the gastrointestinal route is believed to have been excluded in the rhesus monkeys. it seems most probable that the portals of entry were the lower respiratory mucosa in the case of the rhesus monkeys and the oropharyngeal mucosa in the case of the cynomolgus monkeys. fever and occasion ...	1941	17821267
the natural history of experimental poliomyelitis infection : i. studies on the centrifugal spread and elimination of virus in intrasciatically inoculated rhesus monkeys.	1. eight rhesus monkeys with experimental poliomyelitis following intrasciatic inoculation of "m.v." virus were used to study the extent of virus spread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the question of its elimination in the nasal secretions. 2. tests on nasal secretions collected on absorbent cotton plugs daily and continuously from the moment of inoculation to the end of the disease failed to reveal virus. 3. no virus was found in the olfactory bulbs, nasal mucosa, tonsils and ...	1942	19871162
studies on the purification of poliomyelitis virus : i. yields and activity of preparations obtained by differential centrifugation.	results of experiments on the preparation of high molecular weight constituents from normal and poliomyelitis-infected medullae-cords are presented. relatively large yields were obtained from glycerolated normal or infected tissues or from tissues that had been stored at -10 degrees c. for a few days. when the frozen tissues were stored for several weeks, the amount of sedimentable nitrogen isolated from the normal cords decreased and became almost negligible. under these same conditions small b ...	1942	19871192
studies in rodent poliomyelitis : i. further experiments with the murine strain of sk poliomyelitis virus.	1. sk murine virus maintained over more than 200 serial mouse passages increased in virulence for mice from an initial intracerebral titer of about 1:1 million to a maximum titer of not less than 1:1 billion dilution activity. 2. following intracerebral injection with murine virus of remote mouse passages, 5 of 13 rhesus monkeys developed a characteristic encephalitic syndrome. repeated intravenous injection of massive doses of virus caused localized flaccid paralysis in 2 of 14 monkeys. 3. intr ...	1942	19871210
studies in rodent poliomyelitis : iii. experimental poliomyelitis in guinea pigs produced with the murine strain of sk poliomyelitis virus.	1. murine sk poliomyelitis virus has been transferred from mouse to guinea pig with the establishment of a fixed strain of cavian passage virus. 2. the disease thus produced in guinea pigs is characterized by the occurrence of flaccid paralysis. typical poliomyelitic lesions are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. 3. guinea pigs are susceptible to infection with murine virus by the intracerebral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous route; cavian passage virus produces paral ...	1942	19871219
studies in rodent poliomyelitis : v. interference between murine and monkey poliomyelitis virus.	1. the murine strain of sk poliomyelitis virus interferes with the propagation in rhesus monkeys of sk, aycock, and rmv poliomyelitis monkey virus. 2. this interference is demonstrable by intracerebral injection of mixtures of murine and monkey virus prepared in vitro as well as by separate injection of the two viruses by diverse routes. 3. mixture tests carried out with graded doses of murine and monkey virus show that 0.5 cc. of a 10 per cent suspension prepared from the brains of paralyzed mi ...	1942	19871224
the detection of poliomyelitis virus in flies collected during epidemics of poliomyelitis : i. methods, results, and types of flies involved.	1. a series of 19 different samples of flies collected within epidemic areas during and after the onset of nearby human cases of poliomyelitis have been tested for the virus of poliomyelitis. four of these samples proved positive. 2. methods used in collecting the flies, preparing the inocula, and examining the inoculated monkeys (and other animals) are described. 3. all of the positive tests were obtained by the intranasal and intra-abdominal inoculation of java (cynomolgus) monkeys. green afri ...	1943	19871302
susceptibility of cebus capucina (the south american ringtail monkey) and cercopithecus cephus (the african mustache monkey) to poliomyelitis virus.	1. the south american ringtail monkey, cebus capucina, has been infected with the virus of poliomyelitis as found in ultracentrifuged concentrates from poliomyelitic human stools. 2. this species was also found susceptible to poliomyelitis virus found in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cords, representing early generations of virus derived from two different human sources and from flies trapped in an epidemic area. 3. the hartford strain of poliomyelitis has been successfully established in differe ...	1943	19871327
birth of a two-headed monster in the rhesus monkey.		1943	17750779
the rami communicantes in the rhesus monkey.		1943	17104919
attempt to induce formation of fibroids with estrogen, in the castrated female rhesus monkey.	4 oophorectomized female rhesus monkeys were treated with estradiol in sc implants in an attempt to produce estrogen-induced fibroid reactions. each tablet weighed 70-112.7 mg. at the time of oophorectomy 2 monkeys were mature and 2 were immature. the period of treatment ranged from 69 to 290 days. 1 monkey died from unknown causes at 69 days. the other 3 were treated from 285 to 290 days. none of the animals showed fibroid tumors of disseminated miliary nodules. a keloid plaque of fibros ...	1943	12307964
localization of taste in the thalamus of macaca mulatta.		1943	21434138
study of sensory ganglia in macaca mulatta after gastrointestinal administration of poliomyelitis virus.		1943	19970712