Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| alteration of mitochondrial function by bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1965 | 14311629 | |
| [comparative effects of snake venoms of bungarus fasciatus, naja tripudians and vipera lebetina on the isolated frog heart]. | 1965 | 5858585 | |
| isolation of cardiotoxic and neurotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | 1972 | 4512911 | |
| [bungarus fasciatus venom and neuromuscular transmission. study by the method of calcium cholinergic response on the mouse diaphragm]. | 1973 | 4206006 | |
| acetylcholinesterase from a non-membrane source (bungarus fasciatus venom). | 1973 | 4205584 | |
| the acetylcholinesterase of bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1973 | 4197660 | |
| electron microscopic studies of acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1974 | 4131949 | |
| acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom-ii. effects of ph and temperature. | 1975 | 241585 | |
| acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom-i. substrate specificity. | 1975 | 241584 | |
| a study of cardiotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus (schneider). | 1975 | 167474 | |
| a study of cardiotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus (schneider). | 1975 | 1052572 | |
| some actions of purified toxins from bungarus fasciatus venom on isolated pig-heart mitochondria. | i. in the presence of succinate as an oxidation substrate, neurotoxins alpha, beta and gamma induce the following. firstly, an increasing stimulation of oxygen uptake, which in potentiated by 25 mum ca2+, mg2+ 1.3 mm completely inhibits the effect of toxin alpha but not of toxins beta and gamma. secondly, a depletion of the mg2+, ca2+ and k+ content of the water-soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial compartments, following complex kinetics, which suggest a multistep interaction mechanism of t ... | 1975 | 1204654 |
| comparative cardiovascular and respiratory effects of bungarus fasciatus and naja naja siamensis venoms in dogs. | 1978 | 26508 | |
| chemical properties and amino acid composition of beta1-bungarotoxin from the venom of bungarus multicinctus (formosan banded krait). | beta-bungarotoxin purified from the venom of bungarus multicinctus (formosan banded krait) contained no carbohydrate and behaved as a homogeneous protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at ph 4.1 and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. its molecular weight and isoelectric point were estimated to be about 21,000 by gel filtration and about 9.5 by isoelectric focusing, respectively. the toxin treated with the reducing agent was split into two polypepti ... | 1978 | 624712 |
| complete amino acid sequence of a new type of cardiotoxin of bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1978 | 700923 | |
| behaviour of sex chromosome associated satellite dnas in somatic and germ cells in snakes. | sex chromosome associated satellite dnas is isolated from the snakes elaphe radiata (sat iii) (singh et al., 1976) and bungarus fasciatus (elapidae) (minor satellite) are evolutionarily conserved throughout the suborder ophidia. an autosome limited satellite dna (b. fasciatus major satellite) is not similarly conserved. both types of satellites have been studied by in situ hybridisation in various somatic tissues and germ cells where it has been observed that the w sex chromosome remains condens ... | 1979 | 428273 |
| effect of five thai snake venoms on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. | the effects of five thai snake venoms--malayan pit viper--mpv (ancistrodon rhodostoma); russell's viper--rvv (vipera russelli); cobra--cv (naja naja); king cobra--kcv (naja hannah) and banded krait--bkv (bungarus fasciatus)--on blood coagulation fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation were studied. mpv has strong thrombin-like coagulant action. rvv has activating effect most probably on factor x. other three venoms--cv, kcv and bkv have been shown to be anti coagulant, on both intrinsic and extrin ... | 1979 | 524153 |
| sex chromosome associated satellite dna: evolution and conservation. | satellites visible in female but not in male dna were isolated from the snakes elaphe radiata (satellite iv, p = 1.708 g x cm-3) and bungarus fasciatus (bk1 minor, p = 1.709 g x cm-3). the satellites cross hybridize. hybridization of 3h labelled nick translated bk minor satellite dna with the total male and female dna and/or chromosomes in situ of different species of snakes revealed that its sequences are conserved throughout the snake group and are mainly concentrated on the w chromosomes. sna ... | 1980 | 7398495 |
| purification and properties of the soluble nad glycohydrolase from bungarus fasciatus venom. | the nad glycohydrolase (nadase) (ec 3.2.2.5) from bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) venom was purified (1000-fold) to electrophoretic homogeneity through a 3-step purification procedure, the last step being affinity chromatography on cibacron blue agarose. the purified nadase is a glycoprotein containing two subunits of mr = 62,000 each. nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphoribose were produced in a 1:1 stoichiometry and were the only products formed when the purified nadase was incubated with na ... | 1981 | 6260772 |
| complete amino acid sequences of two cardiotoxin-like analogues from bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) snake venom. | 1981 | 6784277 | |
| neurotoxins from bungarus fasciatus venom: a simple fractionation and separation of alpha- and beta-type neurotoxins and their partial characterization. | the crude venom of bungarus fasciatus has been fractionated by column chromatography, and the fractionation characteristics of three different resins have been compared. a minimum of 21 fractions can be identified under optimum conditions on bio-gel cm-30. of the major fractions tested for neurotoxic activity, three showed postsynaptic (alpha) and four showed presynaptic (beta) neurotoxic activity. the major protein component (an alpha-neurotoxin) has an isoleucyl n terminus and a calculated mol ... | 1982 | 7171559 |
| [effect of postsynaptic neurotoxin xiv from bungarus fasciatus venom on neuromuscular junction (author's transl)]. | 1982 | 6214155 | |
| studies of bungarus fasciatus venom nad glycohydrolase. inhibition, modification, and transglycosidation reactions. | the properties of the nad-binding domain of bungarus fasciatus venom nad glycohydrolase were investigated by a number of biochemical techniques. inhibitor studies indicated that an intact dinucleotide was required for effective enzyme recognition. adenosine derivatives, amp, adp, atp, adenosine diphosphoribose (adp-rib), and 2'-phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose (phospho-adp-rib), were linear competitive inhibitors of the nadase-catalyzed reaction. nicotinamide analogs were noncompetitive inhibito ... | 1982 | 6274863 |
| isolation of "ceruleotoxin" from bungarus fasciatus venoms. | ceruleotoxin is a potent neurotoxin which irreversibly blocks the neuromuscular transmission at a postsynaptic level, without preventing the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor. we have originally purified this toxin from a batch of venom obtained from the pasteur institute, which was thought to be bungarus caeruleus venom. recently noble and co-workers have observed that the protein composition of bungarus caeruleus provided by miami serpentarium significantly differed from that of the pas ... | 1982 | 7080027 |
| purification and pharmacological characterization of a cardiotoxin-like protein from formosan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom. | by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration, a polypeptide toxin was purified from formosan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom. the toxin had a molecular weight of 7000 +/- 300 and showed an amino acid composition characteristic of cardiotoxin from cobra venom. the i.p. ld50 value of the toxin was 2.5 (1.9-3.2) mg per kg mouse. pharmacological studies showed that the toxin (10 micrograms/ml) induced contracture in chick and mouse skeletal muscles, depolarized the cell membr ... | 1982 | 7135415 |
| ceruleotoxin: identification in the venom of bungarus fasciatus, molecular properties and importance of phospholipase a2 activity for neurotoxicity. | ceruleotoxin is a potent neurotoxin which was originally purified from a batch of venom labelled bungarus caeruleus, from the pasteur institute. since noble et al. have shown that this batch differs in its protein composition from that of b. caeruleus provided by miami serpentarium, we decided to clarify this point by comparing the composition of venoms from various bungarus species of several origins. although individual variations exist between samples of the same species, the venom from b. mu ... | 1983 | 6648985 |
| complete amino acid sequences of two protease inhibitors in the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | two analogous protease inhibitors, viiib and ix in the venom of bungarus fasciatus were reduced and carboxymethylated. tryptic peptides were separated by cellulose thin-layer peptide mapping technique, and amino acid sequences were analyzed by dabitc/pitc double coupling method. alignment of all tryptic peptides was established by analyses of chymotryptic peptides and further confirmed by staphylococcus aureus v8 protease digestion. ix consisted of 65 amino acid residues. viiib consisted of 62 r ... | 1983 | 6832893 |
| [separation of bungarus fasciatus venom and preliminary pharmacological studies of its toxic components]. | 1983 | 6613599 | |
| adenosine diphosphoribose transfer reactions catalyzed by bungarus fasciatus venom nad glycohydrolase. | reactions catalyzed by purified bungarus fasciatus venom nad glycohydrolase were demonstrated to include adp-ribose transfer from nad to alcohols and to imidazole derivatives to produce a variety of adp-ribosides. the formation of products was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. in the enzyme-catalyzed alcoholysis of nad, the ratio of n-alkyl-adp-riboside formed to the hydrolytic product, adp-ribose, increased linearly with alcohol concentration. the effectiveness of alcohols as ... | 1983 | 6298221 |
| phospholipase a2 activity of long-chain cardiotoxins in the venom of the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus). | 1983 | 6845380 | |
| properties and applications of immobilized snake venom nad glycohydrolase. | the nad glycohydrolase (nadase) from bungarus fasciatus snake venom was adsorbed on concanavalin a-sepharose, and demonstrated to retain both hydrolase and transglycosidase activities in the bound form. the matrix-bound enzyme was stable to repeated washing with buffer and storage at 4 degrees c. the bound enzyme exhibited the same km value for hydrolysis of nicotinamide-1,n6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide as previously measured with the soluble, purified form of the enzyme. the bound nadase was use ... | 1984 | 6486411 |
| optical activity and conformation of beta-bungarotoxin in solution. | beta-bungarotoxin, which consists of two polypeptide chains (a- and b-chain), in the venom of formosan banded krait is stable in 7.5 m urea but can be denatured in 6.0 m guanidine hydrochloride. its conformation remains virtually the same in solvents of lower polarity than water such as a mixture of 1,2-ethanediol-water (4:1 by volume). the circular dichroism spectrum in water shows a double minima at 222 and 209 nm, which is characteristic of the helical structure. the ellipticities at these tw ... | 1984 | 6571584 |
| regional localization of sex-specific bkm-related sequences on proximal chromosome 17 of mice. | development and fertility in the mouse are known to be influenced by loci mapped to the t/t complex of chromosome 17. recent evidence suggests that one or more genes near this region may also be associated with sex determination. washburn and eicher recently reported partial to complete sex reversal with the thp deletion on some genetic backgrounds and suggest that this result may be due to a primary sex-determining locus (tas) that is closely linked to, or a part of, the t locus. sex-specific, ... | 1984 | 6462245 |
| [comparison of the effect of cardiotoxin-like principles from venom of bungarus fasciatus on excitable tissues]. | 1984 | 6232814 | |
| kappa-bungarotoxin: complete amino acid sequence of a neuronal nicotinic receptor probe. | the complete amino acid sequence of kappa-bungarotoxin, a neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the banded krait bungarus multicinctus, has been determined by automated edman analyses of the intact protein and peptides derived from digests with trypsin and chymotrypsin. kappa-bungarotoxin consists of a single polypeptide chain of 66 amino acids with a molecular weight of 7313. it contains 10 cysteinyl residues, presumably arranged in 5 disulfide bonds, and is completely devoid of methionine and ... | 1985 | 3986193 |
| [a binding characteristic of neurotoxins from bungarus fasciatus venom to the acetylcholine receptor]. | 1985 | 3834593 | |
| is human x chromosome inactivation a sex-determining device? | the evolutionary function of x chromosome inactivation is thought to be dosage compensation. however, there is, at present, little evidence to suggest that most x chromosome-linked genes require such compensation. another view--that x chromosome inactivation may be related to sex determination--is examined here. consider a hypothetical dna sequence regulating a major structural gene concerned with the determination of maleness. if this regulatory sequence occurs in both x and y chromosomes and i ... | 1985 | 3863136 |
| [studies of neurotoxin fraction ix from bungarus fasciatus venom]. | 1986 | 3811926 | |
| elisa confirmation of acute and past envenoming by the monocellate thai cobra (naja kaouthia). | the monocellate thai cobra (naja kaouthia) is a major cause of snake bite mortality and morbidity throughout thailand, but neither the local nor the systemic effects of its venom are diagnostic. species diagnosis is important because only monospecific antivenoms are available for treatment in thailand. we tested the ability of the elisa technique to detect venom antigen in the sera of 58 acute snake bite cases including 4 fatalities, and venom antibody in 51 patients bitten between 1 month and 1 ... | 1986 | 3946735 |
| interaction with chick myotube cholinergic receptors of an alpha-neurotoxin isolated from venom of the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus). | a postsynaptic acting short chain alpha-toxin, b.f. iii, was isolated from venom of the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus) using ion-exchange chromatography. the toxin, a basic protein (pi = 10) has an apparent molecular weight of 6,500 as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it shares immunological determinants with alpha-bungarotoxin, as it cross-reacted with antibodies raised in rabbits against alpha-bungarotoxin. b.f. iii inhibits binding of 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin to culture ... | 1986 | 2430347 |
| [chromatography of bungarus fasciatus venom and preliminary studies of its neurotoxin--fraction ix]. | 1986 | 3024451 | |
| neurotoxins from agkistrodon halys (pallas) and bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1987 | 3432290 | |
| primary structure of alpha-bungarotoxin. six amino acid residues differ from the previously reported sequence. | alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-butx) was isolated from the venom of the formosan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). the amino acid sequence was determined by a combination of conventional methods. in contrast to the sequence of alpha-butx reported by mebs et al. ([1971) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 44, 711-716], our results revealed the presence of ser-pro-ile, pro-his and gln-arg at positions 9-11, 67-68 and 71-72 from the amino-terminal, respectively, and not ile-pro-ser, his-pro and arg-gln a ... | 1987 | 3653402 |
| role of the n-terminal region of the a chain in beta 1-bungarotoxin from the venom of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan-banded krait). | the n-terminal alpha-amino groups of beta 1-bungarotoxin (beta 1-bgt) from bungarus multicinctus venom were modified with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and the modified derivative was separated by high performance liquid chromatography. the trinitrophenylated (tnp) derivative contained two tnp groups at the alpha-amino groups of a chain and b chain and showed a marked decrease in enzymatic activity. methionine residues at positions 6 and 8 of the a chain were oxidized with chloramine t or cleave ... | 1988 | 3252894 |
| the complete amino-acid sequence of a basic phospholipase a2 in the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | a basic phospholipase a2 (pla2) was isolated and purified from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. four kinds of enzymes, lysyl endopeptidase, endoproteinase asp-n, endoproteinase glu-c and trypsin, were employed to elucidate the complete primary structure by means of gas-phase sequencing. the amino-acid sequence reveals 118 amino-acid residues containing seven pairs of half-cystine. it has 78% and 61% structural identities with pla2 from bungarus multicinctus and naja melanoleuca de-ii, respective ... | 1988 | 3072971 |
| carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: synthesis and enzymological properties of a carbocyclic analogue of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | the dinucleotide carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (carba-nad), in which a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring replaces the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide ribonucleoside moiety of nad, has been synthesized and characterized enzymologically. the synthesis begins with the known 1-aminoribose analogue (+/-)-4 beta-amino-2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-1 beta-cyclopentanemethanol. the pyridinium ring is first introduced and the resultant nucleoside analogue specifically 5'-phosphorylated. ... | 1988 | 2831953 |
| conserved repetitive dna sequences (bkm) in normal equine males and sex-reversed females detected by in situ hybridization. | in situ hybridization with a cloned banded krait sex-specific repetitive dna probe (bkm) indicates a high concentration of bkm sequences on the horse y chromosome in both normal xy males and xy sex-reversed females. lesser, but still significant, concentrations of bkm sequences were mapped to horse chromosomes 3, 4, and 30. | 1988 | 3197456 |
| antigenic relationships and relative immunogenicities of venom proteins from six poisonous snakes of thailand. | venoms from naja naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus, vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma and trimeresurus albolabris have been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the immunoblots were stained with rabbit homologous and heterologous antibodies. in general, the higher the mol. wt the protein the higher the immunogenicity although two proteins with mol. wts of 23,000 and 25,000 from o. hannah venom are extraordin ... | 1988 | 3201490 |
| inhibition of nad glycohydrolase and adp-ribosyl transferases by carbocyclic analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) in which a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring replaces the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide riboside moiety of nad+ have recently been synthesized [slama, j. t., & simmons, a. m. (1988) biochemistry 27, 183]. carbocyclic nad+ analogues have been shown to inhibit nad glycohydrolases and adp-ribosyl transferases such as cholera toxin a subunit. in this study, the diastereomeric mixture of dinucleotides was separated, and the ... | 1989 | 2532931 |
| effect of a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like properties, from bungarus fasciatus snake venom, on calcium-modulated potassium currents. | the action of a 16,300 mol. wt phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like properties from bungarus fasciatus venom on membrane electrical properties of two human cell types was examined in vitro by using tight-seal whole-cell recording methods. epithelial cells exhibited a voltage- and ca2(+)-activated k+ current; the sensitivity for voltage activation of the k+ current was enhanced by increasing free ca2+ in the recording pipette from 10(-8) m to 2 x 10(-6) m. in contrast, peripheral blood lymphocy ... | 1989 | 2629176 |
| factors influencing the hemolysis of human erythrocytes by cardiotoxins from naja naja kaouthia and naja naja atra venoms and a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom. | the effects of red blood cell age and incubation conditions (temperature, divalent cation type and concentration, ph and glucose) on hemolysis induced by cardiotoxin fractions from naja naja atra and naja naja kaouthia venoms, a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom and bee venom phospholipase a2 were examined. hemolysis by the snake venom toxins was dependent on red blood cell age (aged more susceptible than fresh) and the temperature of incubation (37 ... | 1989 | 2718193 |
| amino acid sequence of a neutral phospholipase a2 (iii) in the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | two phospholipases were found in the venom of bungarus fasciatus, one in fraction iii, the other in fraction x of the chromatographic separation. a neutral pla2(iii) purified from fraction iii was subjected to amino acid sequencing by means of an automated sequenator applied to the intact rcm-pla2 (iii) and the individual peptides obtained from hplc separation of the three types of enzymatic peptides. pla(iii) was shown to consist of 118 amino acid residues with 14 half-cystines. it is 65% homol ... | 1989 | 2599763 |
| unusual amino acid sequence of fasciatoxin, a weak reversibly acting neurotoxin in the venom of the banded krait, bungarus fasciatus. | a weak reversibly acting neurotoxin, fasciatoxin, was found in the venom of bungarus fasciatus. the sequencing was completed by manual and automated edman analyses of the reduced and carboxymethylated protein and of the peptides obtained from enzyme digestions. it is composed of 63 amino acid residues with four disulphide bonds and a unique sequence at the c-terminal end. according to the criteria set by ryden, gabel & eaker [(1973) int. j. pept. protein res. 5, 261-273], fasciatoxin lacks all o ... | 1989 | 2719639 |
| revised amino acid sequences of the three major phospholipases a2 from bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) venom. | the structures of three cardiotoxin-like proteins obtained from the venom of bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) were elucidated previously (lu and lo, 1980, 1981). since their molecular sizes are similar to that of phospholipase a2 and since they show weak phospholipase a2 activities (chang et al., 1983), a further study of their primary structures was carried out. fractions va, vb-2 and vi, corresponding to the former v-2, v-3 and vi were determined to be typical phospholipases a2. among 118 ami ... | 1990 | 2089739 |
| sex-specific dna in reptiles with temperature sex determination. | banded krait minor ("bkm") satellite dna, originating in the w-chromosome of the snake bungarus fasciatus, has been found in the genome of diverse eukaryotic species including fruit fly, quail, and horse. concentrations of bkm have been found in the presumptive w-chromosome of snakes with isomorphic sex chromosomes and in the male-determining region of the y-chromosome in mouse and man. we therefore asked whether bkm-related dna might be present in quantitative excess in dna from males or female ... | 1990 | 2156951 |
| a comparative study of the biological properties of krait (genus bungarus) venoms. | 1. the intravenous median lethal doses (ld50), protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, l-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase a, 5'-nucleotidase, hyauronidase and anticoagulant activities of fourteen samples of venoms from the four common species of krait (bungarus caeruleus, bungarus candidus, bungarus multicinctus and bungarus fasciatus) were examined. 2. the results indicate that even though there are individual variations in the biological properties of ... | 1990 | 1971550 |
| dna fingerprinting in reptiles: bkm hybridization patterns in crocodilia and chelonia. | the simple tetranucleotide repeat gata (gaca) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. in many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. thus gata (gaca) type probes produce dna fingerprints when hybridized with restricted dna from different individuals within a species. banded krait minor (bkm) satellite dna (related to sequences originally recovered from the w chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of gata repeats) is foun ... | 1991 | 1889739 |
| bkm satellite dna and zfy in the coral reef fish anthias squamipinnis. | we studied dna from the protogynous sex-changing fish anthias squamipinnis to evaluate the recent observation that male-specific bands are identified after hybridization with bkm, a probe originating in the w chromosome of the snake bungarus fasciatus. sex-specific hybridization would imply modification of dna structure during the sex-changing process. no sex-specific bkm fragments were identified in our study, after digestion of dna from 15 males and 11 adult females, despite the use of 12 diff ... | 1991 | 1664406 |
| synthesis and properties of photoaffinity labels for the pyridine dinucleotide binding site of nad glycohydrolase. | two new photoactive analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) which are resistant to cleavage by nad glycohydrolase were synthesized and characterized. the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide riboside moiety of nad+ was replaced with a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring forming a carbocyclic dinucleotide analogue. photoreactivity was achieved by the incorporation of an azido group at the 8-position of the adenosyl ring. the previously published synthesis of carbocycli ... | 1991 | 1848099 |
| ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica in four species of venomous snakes. | the general histology and ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica of four taiwanese venomous snakes, the chinese cobra (naja naja atra), banded krait (bungarus multicinctus), taiwan habu (trimeresurus mucrosquamatus), and bamboo snake (trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri) are described. the tongue fork exhibits a mid-dorsal invagination that broadens gradually toward its base. no mid-ventral invagination is observed. the epithelial cells on both dorsal and ventra ... | 1991 | 29865528 |
| [channel-forming activity at planar lipid bilayer of the membrane active polypeptide b form venom of bungarus fasciatus]. | using planar lipid bilayer formed by lecithin and cholesterol (20 and 5 mg/ml respectively in n-decane) the channel-forming activity of the membrane active polypeptide b(bmap b) from the venom of bungarus fasciatus was investigated. under the existence of a voltage or a salt concentration gradient between two sides of the bilayer, unit conductance fluctuation and a decrease in steady state resistance accompanying bmap b incorporation and channel formation were observed. by measuring the reversal ... | 1992 | 1284572 |
| primary structure of an inactive mutant of phospholipase a2 in the venom of bungarus fasciatus (banded krait). | from the acidic components of bungarus fasciatus venom, a very small amount (0.16%) of a novel phospholipase a2 was obtained. both neurotoxicity and enzyme activity were found to be lacking. amino acid sequence study showed that it has a normal backbone of group i snake venom phospholipase a2 with 118 amino acid residues. the lack of enzyme activity was attributed to its mutation of the indispensable asp residue to an ala residue, i.e., the usual his-asp47 turned out to be his-ala47. this is the ... | 1992 | 1478931 |
| crystallization of kappa-bungarotoxin: preliminary x-ray data obtained from the venom-derived protein. | kappa-bungarotoxin is a 66 residue polypeptide found in the venom of the taiwanese banded krait, bungarus multicinctus. it binds tightly to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and inhibits nerve transmission mediated by these postsynaptic receptors. it is related, by similarity in amino acid sequence, to alpha-bungarotoxin and other alpha-neurotoxins, but differs sharply in physiologic action. the alpha-neurotoxins inhibit nerve transmission in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors associated ... | 1992 | 1640467 |
| molecular genetics of sex determination in channel catfish: studies on sry, zfy, bkm, and human telomeric repeats. | in amniotes, the banded krait minor (bkm) minisatellite (gata), the human telometric sequence (ttaggg)7, and the y-specific genes, zfy and sry, are associated with a particular sex. these sequences were studied in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. however, none was sex-specific in catfish; homologs of each were present in males and females. our data suggest that components of mammalian sex-determining systems may be widespread and shared among the vertebrates in general. whether those co ... | 1992 | 1391325 |
| snakebites at maharat nakhon ratchasima regional hospital. | one hundred and ninety-nine victims of snakebite hospitalized at maharat nakhon ratchasima hospital between 1898 and 1991 were studied. the male:female ratio was 1.9:1 and their mean age (+/- sd) was 30.0 +/- 18.6 years. the most common of victims were farmers and laborers. dead snakes were identified as follows: 72 were trimeresurus sp. (36.2%), 36 were naja kaouthia (17.6%), 4 were bungarus fasciatus (2.0%), 1 were colloselasma rhodostoma (0.5%) and 1 was vipera russelli (0.5%). no death was n ... | 1993 | 8362295 |
| separation and characterization of the a chain and b chain in beta 1-bungarotoxin from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom. | the interchain disulfide bond between a chain and b chain of beta 1-bungarotoxin (beta 1-bgt) was selectively cleaved by dithiothreitol, and the a and b chains were separated by hplc. the separated a and b chains did not show detectable enzymatic activity and lethal toxicity, but exhibited an immunoreactivity with anti-beta 1-bgt antibody. analytical isoelectrofocusing revealed that the a chain is a neutral subunit with pi = 7.4, and the b chain is a basic one with pi = 9.6. the a chain exhibite ... | 1993 | 8251067 |
| functional involvement of lys-6 in the enzymatic activity of phospholipase a2 from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) snake venom. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) from bungarus multicinctus snake venom was subjected to lys modification with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and one major carboxydinitrophenylated (cdnp) pla2 and two trinitrophenylated (tnp) derivatives (tnp-1 and tnp-2) were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. the results of amino acid analysis and sequence determination revealed that cdnp-pla2 and tnp-1 contained one modified lys residue at position 6, and both lys-6 a ... | 1994 | 7702746 |
| banded krait minor satellite (bkm) contains sex and species-specific repetitive dna. | a novel class of repetitive dna was isolated from a bkm dna library by exclusion hybridization. this sequence was mapped to the short arm of the w chromosome of banded krait, bungarus fasciatus. southern blot hybridization showed that these sequences are sex and species specific. sequence analysis of a 206 bp long clone, br87, revealed the presence of a tandem array of two internal repeat units of 18-19 bp alternating with each other with a gap of 1, 2 of 3 nucleotides. to our knowledge, this is ... | 1994 | 8013254 |
| sex- and tissue-specific bkm(gata)-binding protein in the germ cells of heterogametic sex. | the zz male/zw female system of sex determination (female heterogamety) is found in snakes and birds whereas xy male/xx female system of sex determination (male heterogamety) operates in mammals including humans. the w and y chromosomes are largely heterochromatic and undergo cycles of condensation and decondensation in the germ cells of ovary and testis, respectively, whereas they remain highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive in all somatic cells. both chromosomes have enriched stretch ... | 1994 | 7929225 |
| banded krait minor-satellite (bkm)-associated y chromosome-specific repetitive dna in mouse. | the mouse y chromosome remains highly condensed in all somatic tissues but decondenses extensively in testis. we have isolated a mouse y chromosome-specific repeat m34 (11.5 kb) and shown that this is distributed along the y chromosome except the sex-determining region (the y short arm) in which gata repeats are predominantly concentrated. it has 32 copies of gata repeats in a 2.7 kb fragment. about 200-300 copies of m34 on the y chromosome are interspersed among other sequences. a 1.2 kb fragme ... | 1994 | 8036156 |
| 3,4-diaminopyridine reverses respiratory paralysis induced by a presynaptically active snake venom and its major neurotoxin. | presynaptically active snake venom neurotoxins induce a potentially fatal neuromuscular blockade which cannot be reliably overcome by current therapy. the drug 3,4-diaminopyridine (dap) is effective in other presynaptic paralytic conditions and was therefore tried in anaesthetized rabbits with respiratory paralysis induced by krait (bungarus fasciatus) venom. a strain gauge pneumograph measured rabbit chest circumference during the respiratory cycle to document objectively effects of toxins and ... | 1994 | 8036689 |
| a comparative study of three vehicles on antibody responses against elapid snake neurotoxin immunogens. | a study was undertaken to compare the effects of three vehicles (incomplete freund's adjuvant, ifa; bentonite and squalene/arlacel a) on the antibody responses to various elapid neurotoxin immunogens. three neurotoxin immunogens were prepared using purified principal postsynaptic neurotoxin(s) of naja naja siamensis (nns), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus fasciatus (bf). glutaraldehyde (ga) or a carbodiimide (ecdi) was used as a coupling agent while diphtheria toxoid (dt) was used as a prote ... | 1994 | 8079368 |
| evenoming by bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) in hong kong. | we describe the clinical course of two cases of envenoming by the many-banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). a man developed generalized paralysis and respiratory failure with transient hypertension. nerve conduction studies revealed normal motor and sensory conduction velocities with reduced motor unit action potential amplitudes consistent with neuromuscular blockade. he showed a slight transient response to the banded krait (b. fasciatus) antivenom but required ventilatory support for 8 days. ... | 1995 | 8544231 |
| an activator of blood coagulation factor x from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | a specific activator of blood coagulation factor x was purified from the venom of bungarus fasciatus by gel filtration and by ion-exchange chromatography on a mono-q column (fplc). it consisted of a single polypeptide chain, with a mol. wt of 70,000 in reducing and non-reducing conditions. the enzyme had an amidolytic activity towards the chromogenic substrates s-2266 and s-2302 but it did not hydrolyse s-2238, s2251 or s-2222, which are specific substrates for thrombin, plasmin and factor xa, r ... | 1995 | 8599179 |
| dna fingerprinting in silkworm bombyx mori using banded krait minor satellite dna-derived probe. | the genomic dna from thirteen different ecotypes and inbred lines of silkworm, bombyx mori, were analyzed by digesting with bstni and hinfi restriction enzymes followed by hybridization with banded krait minor satellite dna (bkm)-2(8) minisatellite probe. the dna fingerprinting revealed 9-31 discrete intense bands, some of which were ecotype/inbred line-specific. individual specific dna fingerprints in two representative genotypes and their f1 hybrid offspring were also obtained. individuals of ... | 1995 | 8582348 |
| specific inhibition of poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase by adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol. | adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol (adp-hpd), an nh analog of adp-ribose, was chemically synthesized and shown to be a potent and specific inhibitor of poly-(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase. the synthetic starting material was the protected pyrrolidine, (2r,3r,4s)-1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol 3,4-o-isopropylidene acetal. this starting pyrrolidine was phosphorylated, coupled to adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and deprotected, yielding the title inhibitor ad ... | 1995 | 7830282 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of alpha-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). | the cdna encoding alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-butx) was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicintus by rt-pcr. the primers deduced from the n-, c-terminal amino acid residues and the conserved middle segment of the sequence, i.e., r25kmwc29 in alpha-butx could specifically amplify cdnas encoding amino acid residues from 1 to 29 and 25 to 74 of alpha-butx. the complete cdna was obtained by linking sufficient amounts of the two cdna fragments by pcr. the ... | 1995 | 7488184 |
| mechanism of inhibition of poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase by adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol. | adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol (adp-hpd), a nitrogen-in-the-ring analog of adp-ribose, was recently shown to be a potent and specific inhibitor of poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase. analysis of the inhibition kinetics of the hydrolase by adp-hpd using the method of lineweaver and burk yields a noncompetitive double-reciprocal plot. both the intercept (1/v) versus [inhibitor] replot and the slope (km/v) versus [inhibitor] replot are hyperbolic, indicating partial noncompetitiv ... | 1995 | 7473561 |
| biological significance of minisatellites. | minisatellites are tandemly repeated, highly variable dna sequences found in most higher eukaryotes. these contain a core sequence resembling the chi sequence of escherichia coli, which is a binding site for recombination proteins. based on this, a generalized function of minisatellites to provide binding sites for recombination proteins in eukaryotes has also been suggested. however, recent discoveries of trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations associated with at least four human genetic disea ... | 1995 | 8582339 |
| cdna sequence analysis of a novel cardiotoxin-like protein from taiwan banded krait. | the cdnas encoding a novel protein was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the deduced amino acid sequence of this novel protein contained 65 amino acid residues with 8 cysteine residues. comparative sequence analysis showed that it was structurally related to cardiotoxin rather than neurotoxins. these results suggest that the venom of bungarus multicinctus may contain cardiotoxin(s) which w ... | 1996 | 8988340 |
| cdna sequence analysis and mutagenesis studies on the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait. | the cdna encoding the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt) was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). the deduced amino acid sequence encoding the a chain revealed that the determined chain was different from the known a chains (a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5). nevertheless, the amino acid sequence and the cdna sequence of the novel a chain were highly homologous with those of other a chains. the gene encoding the a chain of be ... | 1996 | 9008300 |
| acetylcholinesterase from bungarus venom: a monomeric species. | the venom of bungarus fasciatus, an elapidae snake, contains a high level of ache activity. partial peptide sequences show that it is closely homologous to other aches. bungarus venom ache is a non-amphiphilic monomeric species, a molecular form of ache which has not been previously found in significant levels in other tissues. the composition of carbohydrates suggests the presence of n-glycans of the 'complex' and 'hybrid' types. ion exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing and electrophor ... | 1996 | 8674549 |
| electrooptical measurements demonstrate a large permanent dipole moment associated with acetylcholinesterase. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) from krait (bungarus fasciatus) venom is a soluble, nonamphiphilic monomer of 72 kda. this snake venom ache has been analyzed by measurements of the stationary and the transient electric dichroism at different field strengths. the stationary values of the dichroism are consistent with the orientation function for permanent dipoles and are not consistent with the orientation function for induced dipoles. the permanent dipole moment obtained by least-squares fits for a ... | 1996 | 8785319 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | the cdna encoding the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt) was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). the deduced amino acid sequence encoding the a chain revealed that the determined one was different from the known a chains (a1, a2, a3 and a4). nevertheless, the amino acid sequence and cdna sequence of the new a chain (a5) was highly homologous with those of other a chains. the a5 chain was subcloned into the expressi ... | 1996 | 8619855 |
| cloning and expression of acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom. a new type of cooh-terminal domain; involvement of a positively charged residue in the peripheral site. | as deduced from cdna clones, the catalytic domain of bungarus fasciatus venom acetylcholinesterase (ache) is highly homologous to those of other aches. it is, however, associated with a short hydrophilic carboxyl-terminal region, containing no cysteine, that bears no resemblance to the alternative cooh-terminal peptides of the gpi-anchored molecules (h) or of other homomeric or heteromeric tailed molecules (t). expression of complete and truncated ache in cos cells showed that active hydrophilic ... | 1996 | 8662867 |
| expression of taiwan banded krait phospholipase a2 in escherichia coli, a fully active enzyme generated by hydrolyzing with aminopeptidase. | a cdna encoding bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) phospholipase a2 was expressed in escherichia coli. the expressed pla2 contained a met residue fused to the n-terminus of pla2. the expressed protein was isolated from inclusion bodies of e. coli and subjected to refolding into its folded structure. then the n-terminus met residue of recombinant pla2 was cleaved with aminopeptidase. the resulting recombinant pla2 had the same amino acid composition and n-terminal sequence of native pla2 ... | 1996 | 8780722 |
| detection and purification of sequence-specific dna binding protein. | a simple assay for identifying dna-binding proteins is described that involves loading of protein fractions onto nitrocellulose membrane using a slot-blot apparatus, incubating with 32p-labeled dna probe in buffer in the presence of excess of nonspecific e. coli dna at room temperature, and washing with increasing concentration of nacl (from 50 to 500 mm) to obtain optimum signal. a simple and rapid scheme of purification of a sex and tissue-specific dna-binding protein, which binds specifically ... | 1996 | 8921160 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of kappa-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait. | the cdnas encoding kappa-bungarotoxin was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology was observed between kappa-bungarotoxin and other kappa-neurotoxins. the kappa-bungarotoxin was subcloned into the expression vector pet32a(+) and transformed into bl21(de3) e. coli strain. the recombinant toxin was expressed as a fusion protein. recombinant kappa-bunga ... | 1997 | 9020044 |
| assessment of genetic diversity by dna profiling and its significance in silkworm, bombyx mori. | silkworm genetic resources that are being maintained in different countries are yet to be adequately tapped to develop elite varieties that are suited to different agro-eco-climatic conditions of countries like india. this is mostly due to unavailability of efficient protocols that could uncover usable genetic variability in silkworms. molecular markers are known to provide unambiguous estimates of genetic variability of populations since they are independent of confounding effects of environmen ... | 1997 | 9378144 |
| external and internal electrostatic potentials of cholinesterase models. | the electrostatic potentials for the three-dimensional structures of cholinesterases from various species were calculated, using the delphi algorithm, on the basis of the poisson-boltzmann equation. we used structures for torpedo californica and mouse acetylcholinesterase, and built homology models of the human, bungarus fasciatus, and drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterases and human butyrylcholinesterase. all these structures reveal a negative external surface potential, in the area arou ... | 1997 | 9640563 |
| novel snornas from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) and bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait), form extended sequence complementarity to 5s rrna. | during the mapping and sequencing of naja naja atra cobrotoxin and cardiotoxin 4 genes, we have found that novel small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are encoded in the first intron of the two genes. the snornas in naja naja atra were amplified from the venom glands cdna mixtures of naja naja atra by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using the primers designed from the first intronic sequences of cobrotoxin and cardiotoxin 4 genes. likewise, the snornas in bungarus multicinctus were also ... | 1997 | 9245733 |
| acetylcholinesterases from elapidae snake venoms: biochemical, immunological and enzymatic characterization. | we analyzed 45 batches of venom from 20 different species belonging to 11 genera from the 3 main families of venomous snakes (elapidae, viperidae and crotalidae). we found high acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in all venoms from elapidae, except in those from the dendroaspis genus. ache was particularly abundant in bungarus venoms which contain up to 8 mg of enzyme per gram of dried venom. we could not detect acetylcholinesterase activity in any batch of venom from viperidae or crotalidae. t ... | 1997 | 9187246 |
| the structural and functional essentiality of the n-terminal alpha-helix in the phospholipase a2 of the taiwan banded krait. | in order to identify the structural and functional essentiality of the n-terminal alpha-helix of bungarus multicinctus pla2 for its enzymatic activity, comparative studies of the biochemical properties of native and recombinant pla2 were made. it was found that the appearance of a met residue preceding the n-terminus asn-1 of the recombinant protein appreciably affected pla2 activity and the hydrophobic character of the ans-binding site. additionally, the charged state and the hydrophobicity of ... | 1997 | 9161720 |
| [acetylcholinesterase from snake venoms]. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) plays a key role in cholinergic transmission. for example, located at the neuro-muscular junction of vertebrates, it allows a fine temporal control of muscle contraction. the presence of ache in tissues devoid of cholinergic function is also well known and raises the question of its role. in particular, ache occurs at high level in the venoms of elapid snakes, except mambas. in contrast, the venom of snakes belonging to viperid or colubrid families does not contain an ... | 1997 | 9295965 |
| cdna sequence analysis of a novel neurotoxin homolog from taiwan banded krait. | the cdna encoding a novel protein was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the deduced amino acid sequence of this novel protein contains 68 amino acid residues with 10 cysteine residues. comparative sequence analyses show that it is structurally related to alpha-bungarotoxin and kappa-bungarotoxins from bungarus multicinctus venom. eight out of the ten cysteine residues ... | 1997 | 9350342 |
| liposome-catalyzed unfolding of acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus. | the kinetics of thermal inactivation of acetylcholinesterase from the venom of the snake, bungarus fasciatus, were studied at 45-54 degrees c. an arrhenius plot reveals an activation energy of 113 kcal/mol. the thermally denatured enzyme displays the spectroscopic characteristics of a partially unfolded 'molten globule' state. the rate of thermal denaturation is greatly enhanced in the presence of unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, the energy barrier for the transition being ... | 1998 | 9556345 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of six neurotoxin-like proteins from chinese continental banded krait. | the cdnas encoding six neurotoxin-like proteins were cloned from the total rna isolated from one venom gland of bungarus multicinctus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. although they shared a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology, the deduced proteins displayed a rather low extent of identical residues with the exception that the 21 residue signal peptides were highly conserved. each mature protein consisted of 65, 66 or 68 amino acids with four or five disulf ... | 1998 | 9844743 |
| differential roles for disulfide bonds in the structural integrity and biological activity of kappa-bungarotoxin, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. | kappa-bungarotoxin, a kappa-neurotoxin derived from the venom of the banded krait, bungarus multicinctus, is a homodimeric protein composed of subunits of 66 amino acid residues containing five disulfide bonds. kappa-bungarotoxin is a potent, selective, and slowly reversible antagonist of alpha3 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. kappa-bungarotoxin is structurally related to the alpha-neurotoxins, such as alpha-bungarotoxin derived from the same snake, which are monomeric in solut ... | 1998 | 9724529 |
| differentially expressed snornas in bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | twenty novel snornas forming extensive sequence complementarities to mature 5s rrna were identified from bungarus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. it was found that the snorna species were differentially transcribed in different tissues as evidenced by single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and direct nucleotide sequence analysis. although the diversity in the sequences of snornas is observed, comparison of these snorna genes reveals that the regions ... | 1998 | 9571162 |
| identification of a novel type of alternatively spliced exon from the acetylcholinesterase gene of bungarus fasciatus. molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the snake liver and muscle. | the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus contains a hydrophilic, monomeric species of acetylcholinesterase (ache), characterized by a c-terminal region that does not resemble the alternative t- or h-peptides. here, we show that the snake contains a single gene for ache, possessing a novel alternative exon (s) that encodes the c-terminal region of the venom enzyme, located downstream of the t exon. alternative splicing generates s mrna in the venom gland and s and t mrnas in muscle and liver. we ... | 1998 | 9545320 |