Publications

a new class of glutathione s-transferase from the hepatopancreas of the red sea bream pagrus major.	to elucidate drug deposition and metabolism in cultured marine fishes, in a previous study we isolated and purified the gsts (glutathione s-transferases) from the hepatopancreas of the red sea bream pagrus major that contained 25 and 28 kda gst subunits. the 25 kda gst subunits encoded by two genes (gsta1 and gsta2) have been identified as alpha-class gsts. in the present study, we performed the molecular cloning and characterization of the gstr1 gene encoding the 28 kda gst subunit from the pa. ...	0	15610066
pseudomonas infection in a plaice.		1950	14804245
[remarks on pomphorhynchus laevis (zoega, muller 1776) as a parasite in pleuronectes flesus and pleuronectes platessa].		1957	13457088
[contribution to the study of myogens of the carp and the plaice].		1960	14401109
the solubilization of a cholinesterase from plaice muscle by bacteria.		1966	5941307
purification of a cholinesterase from the body muscles of plaice (pleuronectes platessa).		1967	5585682
a bacterial factor capable of solubilizing cholinesterase from plaice body muscle.		1968	4305082
studies on crystalline lactate dehydrogenase from cardiac and skeletal muscle of plaice (pleuronectes platessa) with particular reference to temperature.		1969	5354259
c-reactive protein-like precipitins in plaice.		1973	4148473
phagocytosis by the endocardial lining cells of the atrium of plaice (pleuronectes platessa).		1975	171287
studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. the metabolism of glucose by plaice (pleuronectes platessa) and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilization in plaice.	1. the effects of dietary energy level and dietary energy source on protein utilization by plaice (pleuronectes platessa) were examined by giving diets containing 400 g crude protein/kg to nine groups of fish. five of these diets contained only lipid as a source of energy (in addition to protein) and their energy contents were varied by increasing the lipid level in a step-wise manner from 56 to 176 g/kg. the remaining four diets contained both lipid and carbohydrate (glucose plus dextrin) toget ...	1975	1115761
the immune response of plaice (pleuronectes platessa l) to the metacercariae of cryptocotyle lingua and rhipidocotyle johnstonei.	the humoral immune response of plaice to infestations of selected metacercariae was studied. precipitating antibodies to both cryptocotyle lingua and rhipidocotyle johnstonei were demonstrated using agar gel diffusion techniques. immunochemical investigations of these antibodies indicated they were macroglobulins, resembling immunoglobulin m (igm) of mammals. the rate and magnitude of antibody production by the host was determined by the ambient temperature.	1977	402627
the experimental pathogenesis of focal tuberculosis in the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.).		1977	838906
the presence of a prostaglandin-like substance in the skin of the plaice, pleuronectes plastessa l [proceedings].		1977	912188
increased extracellular production of a cholinesterase-solubilising factor by cytophaga ncmb 1314 during magnesium starvation.	a cytophaga sp. with the property of liberating a cholinesterase which is found in body muscle of plaice was studied. the liberation was caused by a factor of which more than 90% was found outside the bacterial cell and might possibly be associated within the slime material surrounding the bacteria. magnesium limitation during growth of cytophaga sp. in batch cultures resulted in an about 10-fold increase in extracellular factor activity. the increase could be immediately stopped by addition of ...	1978	638892
pollution of the sea and its effects.	marine pollution has been studied under the following groupings of effects; harm to living resources, hazards to human health, reduction of amenities and interference with other users of the sea. this paper is concerned mainly with the first two categories and their interrelation. apart from certain seabirds affected by oil, the major stocks of marine animals show no evidence of reduction by pollution. pollution effects are generally insignificant in relation to other factors governing reproduct ...	1979	40238
fluorescent histochemistry of the teleost gut: evidence for the presence of serotonergic neurones.	the guts of the teleosts myoxocephalus scorpius, pleuronectes platessa and clupea harengus were examined using fluorescent histochemistry and the innervation compared to that in mammals and other lower vertebrates. in myoxocephalus and pleuronectes both greeen and yellow fast fading fluorescent nerves were found in the intestine. to test whether the yellow nerves might be serotonergic, an attempt was made to extract 5-ht from the intestine of these fish in a region where enterochromaffin cells w ...	1979	455398
the effect of natural and artificial light via the eye on the hormonal and metabolic balance of animal and man.	color change of the plaice and frog, and development of the testes in duck are induced by light stimuli via the eye. eliminating experiences on the frog (hollwich) and on the duck (benoit) showed that these stimuli-beside vision-use a separate way, the so-called 'energetic portion' of the visual pathway (hollwich). in compared studies on blind and on temporarily blind patients involved by cataract in both eyes, we found significant low levels of acth and cortisol. the levels normalized after cat ...	1980	6255392
evolution of human alpha 2-macroglobulin.	a papain-binding protein (pbp) resembling human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m) but of mr half that of alpha 2m was purified from plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) plasma. the plaice protein displayed most of the distinctive inhibitory properties of the human macroglobulin, and was therefore considered, despite its smaller molecular size, to be homologous with alpha 2m. plaice pbp was shown to consist of four dissimilar subunits; two i chains (mr 105 000) and two ii chains (mr 90 000). each of ...	1981	6177138
fine structure and metabolism of multiply innervated fast muscle fibres in teleost fish.	both the fast and slow muscle fibres of advanced teleost fish are multiply innervated. the fraction of slow-fibre volume occupied by mitochondria is 31.3%, 25.5%, and 24.6%, respectively, for the myotomal muscles of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), crucian carp (carassius carassius), and plaice (pleuronectes platessa), respectively. the corresponding figures for the fast muscles of these species are 9.3%, 4.6% and 2.0%, respectively. cytochrome-oxidase and citrate-synthetase activities in th ...	1981	7285101
evolution of alpha 2-macroglobulin. the structure of a protein homologous with human alpha 2-macroglobulin from plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) plasma.	the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) papain-binding protein previously demonstrated to be homologous with human alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and designated plaice alpha(2)-macroglobulin homologue or alphamh, was shown to be a glycoprotein of s(20,w) 11.86s. in polyacrylamide-gel pore-limit electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions plaice alphamh migrated to the same position as half-molecules of human alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and treatment with methylamine or a proteinase caused no change in it ...	1982	6181776
evolution of alpha 2-macroglobulin. the purification and characterization of a protein homologous with human alpha 2-macroglobulin from plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) plasma.	a papain-binding protein (pb-protein) was purified to homogeneity from the plasma of plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.). pb-protein inhibited the activity of trypsin and pancreatic elastase (serine proteinases), thermolysin (a metalloproteinase) and papain (a cysteine proteinase). presaturation of pb-protein with trypsin prevented the subsequent inhibition of thermolysin, and vice versa. only catalytically active endopeptidases were bound by pb-protein. the catalytic activity of trypsin bound by ...	1982	6181779
c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p component in the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.), a marine teleost, are homologous with their human counterparts.	c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p component were isolated from serum of the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.), a murine teleost. the isolation was based on their calcium-dependent binding affinity for pneumococcal c-polysaccharide and for agarose, respectively. these specificities are the same as those of human c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p component, respectively, and we have previously reported that the plaice molecules resemble human c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p compon ...	1982	7093286
occurrence of arsenic in plaice (pleuronectes platessa), nature of organo-arsenic compound present and its excretion by man.	the arsenic content in 255 samples of plaice (pleuronectes platessa) varied between 3 and 166 mg/kg. about 65% of the samples had an arsenic content above 10 mg/kg. high (low) arsenic concentration in the fillet corresponds with a high (low) concentration in milt or roe. an excretion experiment with eight human volunteers showed that after the consumption of plaice, 69-85% of the ingested arsenic was excreted in the urine within five days. the organo-arsenic compound present in plaice was isolat ...	1982	7140692
calcium-dependent aggregation of human serum amyloid p component.	normal human serum or isolated human amyloid p component was ultracentrifuged on density gradients containing either 10 mm edta or different concentrations of ca2+ between 0.15 and 2.15 mm. in the presence of ca2+ concentrations of 1 mm or more human p component sedimented more rapidly than it did in the presence of lower ca2+ levels or of edta. this phenomenon was due to ca2+-dependent aggregation of p component molecules and did not require the presence of any other serum constituents. it was ...	1982	7074110
rare variant alleles in the light of the neutral theory.	based on the neutral theory of molecular evolution and polymorphism, and particularly assuming "the model of infinite alleles," a method is proposed which enables us to estimate the fraction of selectively neutral alleles (denoted by pneut) among newly arisen mutations. it makes use of data on the distribution of rare variant alleles in large samples together with information on the average heterozygosity. the formula proposed is pneut = [he/(1-he)] [loge(2nq)/n alpha (x less than q)], where n a ...	1983	6599962
analysis of the genome of fish lymphocystis disease virus isolated directly from epidermal tumours of pleuronectes.	virions of fish lymphocystis disease virus (fldv), a member of the iridovirus family, were isolated directly from lymphocystis disease lesions of individual flatfishes and purified by sucrose and subsequent cesium chloride gradient centrifugation to homogeneity as judged by electron microscopy. the isolated fldv dnas appear to be heterogeneous in size. contour length measurements of 43 dna molecules gave an average length of 49 +/- 23 microns, corresponding to 93 +/- 44 x 10(6) d. molecular weig ...	1983	6857994
orotic acid sodium salt in kidney stones and urinary deposits.	kidney stones from a plaice, pleuronectes platessa, have been shown to consist of the sodium salt of orotic acid. precipitation of orotic acid in human kidneys and urine samples has previously been reported but the precipitates must have been salts, most likely the sodium salt, of orotic acid and not the free acid. this reinterpretation is based on the acid strength of orotic acid and on data for the solubilities of sodium orotate and orotic acid. sodium orotate is therefore a member on the list ...	1983	6867631
binding specificity of serum amyloid p component for the pyruvate acetal of galactose.	serum amyloid p component (sap) is a normal plasma protein that is of interest because of its presence in amyloid deposits, its presence in normal human glomerular basement membrane, and its stable evolutionary conservation. it has calcium-dependent ligand-binding specificity for amyloid fibrils, fibronectin (fn), c4-binding protein (c4bp), and agarose. although the binding to agarose, a linear galactan hydrocolloid derived from some marine algae, is unlikely per se to be related to the physiolo ...	1984	6707579
distribution of endotoxin and its effect on serum concentrations of c-reactive protein and cortisol in the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.).	bacterial endotoxins cause a significant increase in the serum concentration of both c-reactive protein (crp) and cortisol in the plaice. the time course of the crp elevation varies with the bacterial source, method of isolation of the endotoxin and the route of administration. injection of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, 2 hr before endotoxin, abolishes the increases in both crp and cortisol, whereas it has no effect when given 6 hr after. using [51cr]labeled endotoxin, 40 ...	1984	6149886
conjugation of organic compounds in isolated hepatocytes from a marine fish, the plaice, pleuronectes platessa.	a method is described for the preparation of viable hepatocytes from a marine fish, the plaice. their ability to detoxify organic compounds was measured by the formation of glucuronic acid and sulphate conjugates with the model substrates 1-naphthol and phenolphthalein. 1-naphthol was conjugated three- to four-fold faster than phenolphthalein and glucuronidation predominated with both substrates. strong substrate inhibition of glucuronidation was observed with 200 microm 1-naphthol or phenolphth ...	1985	4062967
trace metals in flatfish from the southern baltic, 1983.	the cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 35 turbot psetta maxima, 27 plaice pleuronectes platessa and 103 flounders platichthys flesus netted in 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the baltic sea. the method of measurement was atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. the mean values obtained for turbot, plaice and flounder were 0.012, 0.009 and 0.013 for cadmium, 0.16, 0.17 and 0.12 for lead, 0.15, 0.14 and 0 ...	1985	4050125
organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in flatfish from the southern baltic, 1983.	hexachlorobenzene (hcb), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (bhc; hch), p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddd and p,p'-ddt (espilon ddt) and polychlorinated biphenlys (pcbs) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 37 turbots psetta maxima, 27 plaices pleuronectes platessa and 106 flounders platichthys flesus netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the baltic sea. the mean levels found for flatfish muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 0.7, ...	1985	3934867
the influence of hormones and inflammatory agents on c-reactive protein, cortisol and alanine aminotransferase in the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.).	endotoxin stimulates production of both c-reactive protein (crp) and cortisol in the plaice within 24 hr. cortisol alone (optimum dose i.p. 500 micrograms/300 g wt fish) also stimulates crp production and the possibility that endotoxin acts through cortisol was examined. dexamethasone suppresses cortisol production but elevates crp. cortisol levels are restored to normal within 24 hr of endotoxin injection. turpentine and acth which stimulate cortisol do not affect crp. endotoxin and cortisol ha ...	1985	2858357
isolation of substances with vascular permeability-increasing activity from the skin of the plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.).	a methanolic extract of plaice skin, from which lipids had been removed, was chromatographed on alumina, eluted with decreasing concentrations of ethanol. only the 60% ethanol fraction exhibited smooth muscle activity, with bradykinin-like properties. the 20% ethanol fraction increased vascular permeability in rat skin, as measured by dye-leakage. this was not due to the degranulation of mast cells. intradermal injection of either fraction into the plaice caused localized erythema.	1985	2861058
analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes.	virions of fish lymphocystis disease (fldv) from tumour-carrying-fishes (flounder, dab, plaice and gurnard) collected in the north sea were isolated directly from the tumours and purified by sucrose and subsequent caesium chloride gradient centrifugation. they were studied by electron microscopy using embedding methods, negative staining and using metal shadowing methods. tumours of dermal connective fish tissue showed particles with hexagonal outlines. occasionally, an "empty structure" was obs ...	1986	3753198
migration of fish leucocytes in vitro: the effect of factors which may be involved in mediating inflammation.	plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) neutrophils were isolated from the kidney on a discontinuous percoll gradient and from the peritoneal cavity at the peak of a glycogen-elicited inflammatory response. the migratory ability of neutrophils was assessed using a 48-well microchemotaxis chamber, with an incubation of 1.5 h at 12 degrees c. the two neutrophil populations showed different responses to n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp). whereas kidney neutrophils only showed a significant en ...	1986	3765366
concentrations of arsenic in urine of the general population in sweden.	the concentration of the sum of the metabolites of inorganic arsenic (inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) as well as the concentration of organic arsenic compounds, mainly in the form of arsenobetaine, in the urine of human subjects from two cities in sweden have been studied. the median concentration of metabolites of inorganic arsenic was approximately 8 micrograms as/g creatinine, independent of place of residence, sex, smoking and consumption of beer and wine. how ...	1986	3810123
nmr studies of crab and plaice metallothioneins.	metallothioneins isolated from the hepatopancreas of the edible crab (cancer paqurus) and the plaice (pleuronectes platessa) after cadmium injection are predominantly cadmium proteins containing only small amounts of zinc and traces of copper. the removal of metal ions from the two metallothioneins by edta was studied using proton nmr spectroscopy. the rates of removal of cadmium and zinc were monitored directly from the intensity of the resonances due to the cadmium and zinc-edta complexes. nea ...	1986	3086076
transfer of passive immunity from mother to young in a teleost fish: haemagglutinating activity in the serum and eggs of plaice, pleuronectes platessa l.	plaice were immunized against rabbit red blood cells (rbc) and the haemagglutinating activity in their sera and eggs was isolated by gel filtration in sephacryl s300 sf. a "heavy" (greater than 6.69 x 10(5) daltons) and a "light" (less than 2.32 x 10(5) daltons) component of haemagglutinating activity were present in plaice immune serum and eggs. the "heavy" haemagglutinating component had the characteristics of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody. by contrast the "light" component was suppressed gr ...	1986	2873930
comparative histochemistry of a flatfish fin muscle and of other vertebrate muscles used for ultrastructural studies.	because of the high degree of filament order in the myofibrils of fish skeletal muscles, and the resulting usefulness of such preparations (particularly flatfish fin muscles) in structural studies of muscular contraction, the fibre type composition of plaice fin muscle has been determined by conventional histochemical tests. as controls, and for comparison, fibre type distributions have also been studied in several other vertebrate skeletal muscles which are widely used for ultrastructural and m ...	1987	2958501
effect of high hydrostatic pressure on 86rb+ influx in the erythrocyte of the plaice (pleuronectes platessa).	1. 86rb+ influx in the erythrocyte of the plaice (pleuronectes platessa) has been measured at hydrostatic pressures between 1 and 600 atm at 10 degrees c. 2. the measurements were performed with an experimental medium containing 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. in this medium the cells achieved a steady state level of ionic regulation. 3. at normal atmospheric pressure 46% of the 86rb+ influx was inhibited by furosemide while 42% was inhibited by ouabain, the remainder being inhibited by neither d ...	1987	2892621
immunochemical cross-reactions between pentraxins of different species.	monospecific antisera were raised by immunization with pentraxins, c-reactive protein (crp) or serum amyloid p component (sap), that had been isolated from man and a number of different vertebrate species. these antisera were used to test sera or serous fluids from a range of other vertebrate species and also some invertebrates. cross-reactions between species were comparatively rare but were seen among primates and among ruminants. there was also cross-reactivity between these two groups. antis ...	1987	3115892
effect of opsonization on oxidative metabolism of plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) neutrophils.	the effect of serum opsonization on vibrio alginolyticus (heat-killed)-stimulated chemiluminescence (cl) by plaice kidney- and peritoneal exudate-derived neutrophils was investigated. peritoneal neutrophils only recognized heat-labile and kidney neutrophils only heat-stable opsonic activity in normal serum. specific antibody did not show opsonic activity nor any synergism with the normal serum opsonins for either neutrophil population. evidence was found for the production, by plaice neutrophils ...	1987	3829631
[spectral analysis of the cardiac rhythm of fishes].	spectral analysis of the rhythmograms in the cod gadus morhua callarias, plaice pleuronectes platessa, herring clupea harengus membras and trout salmo gairdneri revealed complex wave structure of their cardiac rhythm. in all the species investigated, slow (0.01-0.06 hz), intermediate (0.06-0.25 hz) and fast (0.25-0.5 hz) waves were recorded. it is suggested that the wave structure of cardiac rhythm reflects rather complicated relationships between functional systems regulating cardiac activity.	1987	3673370
urinary excretion of 1-methylhistidine: a qualitative indicator of exogenous 3-methylhistidine and intake of meats from various sources.	in order to investigate whether the urinary excretion of 1-methylhistidine (1mh) might serve as an objective indicator of meat ingestion and exogenous 3-methylhistidine (3mh) intake, healthy subjects were fed an ovolactovegetarian diet. at five-day intervals they were given meat of different origin and 24-hour urinary excretions of 1mh and 3mh were determined. after beef intake there was a marked increase of 3mh and 1mh excretion. the elimination curves were found to follow first-order kinetics ...	1987	3683186
effects of hydrostatic pressure on the motor activity of fish from shallow water and 900 m depths; some results of challenger cruise 6b/85.	1. two species of benthic fish from 900 m depths (90 atm pressure), trachyscorpia cristulata echinata and synaphobranchus kaupi, are shown to be adapted to their normal, high ambient pressure. 2. their condition improves when they are restored to their normal pressure after experiencing decompression in a trawl and they undergo convulsions at 150 atm. 3. this contrasts with the response of shallow water species (salmo salar, pleuronectes platessa, anguilla anguilla and gadus morhua) which convul ...	1987	2892630
degradation of human epidermal keratin by fish pepsin.	stomach extract of atlantic herring clupea harengus, atlantic salmon salmo salar, cod gadus morhua, redfish sebastes marinus, and plaice pleuronectes platessa, degraded human epidermal keratin effectively in vitro. the keratin-degrading activity of all extracts showed a ph optimum around 3.3-3.4, and sheets of plantar callus were degraded with about the same efficacy as keratin. pepstatin sensitivity, heat lability, and the acidic ph optimum demonstrated that the keratin-degrading activity was p ...	1988	2456043
characterization of the repetitive dna elements in the genome of fish lymphocystis disease viruses.	the complete dna nucleotide sequence of the repetitive dna elements in the genome of fish lymphocystis disease virus (fldv) isolated from two different species (flounder and dab) was determined. the size of these repetitive dna elements was found to be 1413 bp which corresponds to the dna sequences of the 5' terminus of the ecori dna fragment b (0.034 to 0.052 m.u.) and to the ecori dna fragment m (0.718 to 0.736 m.u.) of the fldv genome causing lymphocystis disease in flounder and plaice. the d ...	1989	2773322
[immunomorphologic study of vertebrate renal glomerula using antibodies to intermediate filament proteins].	a comparative immunomorphologic study was carried out on cryostate sections of renal tissue of plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) and rat, using specific antibodies against the proteins of intermediate filaments--cytokeratins and vimentin. no cytokeratins were revealed in cells of renal glomerula in both the animals under investigation. indirect immunofluorescence of the polyclonal serum against vimentin showed brightly coloured capillaries of the renal glomerula of plaice and weakly coloured one ...	1989	2474215
comparison of the chitinolytic properties of clostridium sp. strain 9.1 and a chitin-degrading bacterium from the intestinal tract of the plaice, pleuronectes platessa (l.).	the chitinolytic properties of a facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from the hindgut of plaice were compared with those of clostridium sp. strain 9.1, a bacterium isolated from anoxic estuarine sediment. the chitinolytic enzyme systems of the gut isolate and strain 9.1 both released n,n'-diacetylchitobiose (nag2) as the major hydrolysis end-product. during the hydrolysis of chitin, there was transient accumulation of a non-sedimentary chitin fraction which was not detectable by high-perf ...	1990	2398346
effects of steroids and human chorionic gonadotrophin on in vitro oocyte final maturation in two marine flatfish: the dab, limanda limanda, and the plaice, pleuronectes platessa.	this study investigated the role of gonadotrophin and steroids in the induction of in vitro oocyte maturation in dab (limanda limanda) and plaice (pleuronectes platessa), two marine flatfish (pleuronectiformes) in which the oocytes mature and ovulate in groups (or batches). clusters of folliculated oocytes were incubated for 3 days with a range of doses of either human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) or synthetic steroids with a wide range of structures. they were also incubated with extracts from ...	1990	2307340
immunological distinction between piscine and mammalian metallothioneins.	1. separate antisera to metallothioneins (mt) from rainbow trout and horse were produced in mice and their reactivity with the respective immunogen was confirmed using an elisa. 2. the elisa, used in a competitive mode, revealed that the anti-horse mt serum did not cross-react with trout mt. reciprocally, the anti-trout mt serum did not show any reactivity with horse mt. 3. the anti-rainbow trout mt serum was shown to cross-react totally with mts from plaice, flounder, turbot, perch, salmon and ...	1990	2331881
identification of, and development of radioimmunoassays for 17 alpha, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione and 3 alpha,17 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one in the ovaries of mature plaice (pleuronectes platessa).	ovaries from a female plaice (pleuronectes platessa) that had been injected with human chorionic gonadotrophin were incubated in vitro with 17 alpha-hydroxy[1,2,6,7-3h]progesterone. the major steroids produced by the ovaries were tentatively identified as 17 alpha,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20di-one (11-deoxycortisol; 17,21-p), 17 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione (3 alpha, 17,21-p-5 beta). a high proportion of these steroids was found in a conjugated form (sulphates or glucuronides). ...	1990	2354767
plasma levels of ovarian steroids, including 17 alpha,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione and 3 alpha,17 alpha,21-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, in female plaice (pleuronectes platessa) induced to mature with human chorionic gonadotrophin.	in one previous paper we reported on the identification of 11-deoxycortisol and 3 alpha,17 alpha,21-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one in the ovaries and plasma of mature female plaice and also described the development of radioimmunoassays for these two steroids. the present paper describes temporal changes in plasma levels of the free and conjugated forms of these and of some other steroids (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17 alpha,20 a ...	1990	2354768
body weight and the activities of pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the liver of the american plaice, hippoglossoides platessoides.		1990	175994
environmental contaminants and biochemical responses in flatfish from the hvaler archipelago in norway.	the levels of several environmental contaminants, including selected polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pah), organochlorines (ddt/dde, hexachlorobenzene), 15 polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins, pcdf/pcdd), and heavy metals (cd, hg, pb, and as) were analyzed in muscle and liver of three different flatfish species (dab, limanda limanda; flounder, platichthys flesus; plaice, pleuronectes platessa) caught by gill netting at different sites in t ...	1991	1759844
immunochemical cross-reactivity ofβ-naphthoflavone-inducible cytochrome p450 (p450ia) in liver microsomes from different fish species and rat.	antibodies prepared against the major β-naphthoflavone (bnf)-inducible cytochrome p450 (p450) forms from three species of fish (rainbow trout, atlantic cod, and scup) well separated in teleost phylogeny, were used to investigate the immunochemical relatedness of liver microsomal p450 in different species of bnf-treated fish and rat. rabbit polyclonal igg against all three p450s and mouse monoclonal antibodies prepared against scup p450e were employed in this study. liver microsomes were prepared ...	1991	24214604
multiplicity of udp-glucuronosyltransferases in fish. purification and characterization of a phenol udp-glucuronosyltransferase from the liver of a marine teleost, pleuronectes platessa.	the aim of this work was to determine if a non-mammalian species had multiple udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) isoforms. at least six highly purified udpgt isoenzymes were partially resolved by anion-exchange chromatography and udp-hexanolamine-sepharose 4b affinity chromatography from liver microsomes of a fish, the plaice. q-sepharose ff, chromatofocusing and affinity-chromatographic procedures were employed to separate and purify the phenol udpgt isoform to apparent homogeneity. the purifi ...	1992	1599427
cytoskeleton of podocytes in vertebrate animals and human.	using tem and immunofluorescence microscope, a study was made on podocytes in vertebrates where an intermediate-sized filament system is replaced by a microtubule system, accompanied by highly developed microfilaments structures. a comparative immunofluorescence study was carried out on cryotome renal sections of plaice (pleuronectes platessa l.) and rats, using specific antibodies anti-cytokeratins and anti-vimentin. with polyclonal anti-vimentin serum the capillaries of the renal glomeruli sho ...	1992	1282425
functional and immunochemical comparison of hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferases in a piscine and a mammalian species.	1. the aglycone specificity of hepatic microsomal glucuronidation was compared under uniform conditions in a fish, pleuronectes platessa and a mammal, rattus norvegicus, representative of the most primitive and advanced vertebrate classes. 2. both species exhibited comparable udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) activity towards planar phenolic substrates (1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol); however, plaice activity towards bulky non-planar substrates such as (-)-morphine was either 200-fold lower, or fo ...	1992	1617946
differential expression and induction of udp-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of a fish, pleuronectes platessa: immunochemical and functional characterization.	glucuronidation of three substrates prototypical for different udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) isoforms in hepatic, renal, intestinal, and branchial microsomes of corn oil, 3-methylcholanthrene, aroclor 1254, and clofibrate-pretreated plaice was investigated. the differential expression of udpgt in the four tissues clearly demonstrated for the first time that multiple isoforms with differing substrate specificities were present in fish. the liver was quantitatively the most important site fo ...	1992	1631888
cytochrome p450 1a1 cdna from plaice (pleuronectes platessa) and induction of p450 1a1 mrna in various tissues by 3-methylcholanthrene and isosafrole.	a full length cdna coding for cytochrome p450 1a1 was isolated from a plaice liver cdna library constructed in lambda zapii. the deduced amino acid sequence of this cdna was 78% homologous to that of rainbow trout p450 1a1 and 57 and 51% homologous to human p450 1a1 and p450 1a2, respectively. comparisons of these sequences show the plaice cdna to be most similar to mammalian and trout p450 1a1 sequences, but also to have certain residues specific to fish p450 1a1. analysis of southern blots of ...	1993	8193668
fish muscle structure: fibre types in flatfish and mullet fin muscles using histochemistry and antimyosin antibody labelling.	in studies of the myosin crossbridge interaction with actin in vertebrate muscles, the muscles of bony fish have the unique advantage for ultrastructural work that the a-band has a simple 'crystalline' lattice of myosin filaments. however, the anatomy and physiology of these fish muscles is relatively poorly understood compared with the rabbit, chicken or frog muscles conventionally used for crossbridge studies. here the fibre types in fish fin muscles have been characterized to allow sensible s ...	1993	8300849
influence of dietary fish proteins on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats.	the effects of amount and type of dietary fish proteins on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations were evaluated in female rats. the isonitrogenous diets used contained 10 g cholesterol/kg and were carefully balanced for residual fat, cholesterol, ca, mg and p in the protein preparations. cod meal, soya-bean protein or casein was incorporated into the diets as the only source of dietary protein at three levels: either 24, 48 or 72 g n/kg diet. extra protein was added to the diet at the expe ...	1993	8329352
cloning and characterization of the major hepatic glutathione s-transferase from a marine teleost flatfish, the plaice (pleuronectes platessa), with structural similarities to plant, insect and mammalian theta class isoenzymes.	a cdna clone (plgsta) of 896 bp, containing an open reading frame encoding a 225-amino-acid polypeptide of m(r) 25,723, was isolated from a cdna library constructed in lambda gt11 from the liver of a marine teleost flatfish, the plaice (pleuronectes platessa). the identification of this cdna as that coding for the subunit of the major cytosolic glutathione s-transferase of plaice liver, gst-a, was supported by its heterologous expression in and purification of its protein product from escherichi ...	1993	8503846
[pollution of fish and shellfish with organotin compounds and estimation of daily intake].	tributyltin (tbt) and triphenyltin (tpt) compounds have been widely used as antifouling paint for ship bottoms and fishery firm nets, and they are known to be aquatic environmental contaminants. a survey of the pollution with organotin compounds in fish and shellfish has been carried out for samples (180 samples from 43 kinds) which were collected in the hokkaido prefecture during the period from february, 1989 to september, 1992. on the other hand, daily intakes of organotin compounds have been ...	1994	8157252
m-band structure, m-bridge interactions and contraction speed in vertebrate cardiac muscles.	cardiac muscle m-band structures in several mammals (guinea pig, rabbit, rat and cow) and also from three teleosts (plaice, carp and roach), have been studied using electron microscopy and image processing. axial structure seen in negatively stained isolated myofibrils or negatively stained cryo-sections shows the presence of five strong m-bridge lines (m6, m4, m1, m4' and m6') except in the case of the teleost m-bands in which the central m-line (m1) is absent, giving a four-line m-band. the m4 ...	1994	7706420
conservation of the tandem arrangement of alpha 1-microglobulin/bikunin mrna: cloning of a cdna from plaice (pleuronectes platessa).	alpha 1-microglobulin and bikunin are both plasma proteins which are synthesized in mammalian liver from a common mrna with tandemly arranged coding sequences. here, we report a piscine homologue of mammalian alpha 1-microglobulin/bikunin mrna which was serendipitously isolated from a plaice (pleuronectes platessa) liver cdna library. the piscine cdna recognized an approximately 1300 nucleotide mrna on northern blots of plaice liver rna and, to a lesser extent, on blots of kidney and whole blood ...	1994	7521726
isolation and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum amyloid p component (sap)	we purified a ca(2+)-dependent agarose-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sera. sds-page analysis showed the possibility that the purified protein was a polymer with a molecular weight of over 100,000 composed of covalently-bounded 32-kda subunits. n-terminal twenty amino acid sequence of the 32-kda protein showed partial homology with other known serum amyloid p components (saps) including plaice (pleuronectes platessa) (indicated 40% homology), human (55%), hamster (45%), ...	1994	7999887
assessment of exposure to inorganic arsenic following ingestion of marine organisms by volunteers.	a study was undertaken to assess whether the consumption of fish and shellfish containing a high concentration (> 1500 micrograms/kg) of organoarsenical compounds was associated with the release of a significant amount of inorganic arsenic (asi) in vivo. volunteers were given a known quantity of seafood (ray, cod, plaice, mussel) whose content in total arsenic (as), asi, monomethylarsonic acid (mma), and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) was determined. in addition to the total amount of as excreted wi ...	1994	8013437
yeast colonizing the intestine of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and turbot (scophtalmus maximus).	yeast were isolated from the intestine of farmed rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), turbot (scophtalmus maximus), and free-living flat-fish (pleuronectes platessa and p. flesus). the average number of viable yeasts recovered from farmed rainbow trout was 3.0 × 10(3) and 0.5 × 10(2) cells per gram homogenized intestine for white and red-pigmented yeasts, respectively. the dominant species were debaryomyces hansenii, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhodotorula rubra, and r. glutinis. in 5 of 10 free-lving ...	1995	24185568
the life cycle of contracaecum osculatum (rudolphi, 1802) sensu stricto (nematoda, ascaridoidea, anisakidae) in view of experimental infections.	hatched, ensheathed third-stage larvae of contracaecum osculatum, 300-320 microns long, were shown to be infective to copepods, to nauplius larvae of balanus and to small specimens of fishes (sticklebacks, o-group eelpout). other fishes such as gobies and small flatfishes became infected by ingesting infected crustaceans. cod were infected by being given infected small fishes. in the crustacean paratenic hosts, little growth of the larvae occurred, if any. in the liver sinusoids of sticklebacks ...	1995	7567906
unique molecular properties of superoxide dismutase from teleost fish skin.	a unique cu,zn-sod was found and isolated from plaice paralichthys olivaceus skin. surprisingly, the properties of purified fish skin sod were very different from those of sod from other sources reported so far. the purified sod was composed of four same subunits of 16 kda and the molecular weight of the native sod was found to be around 65 kda. the dominant amino acids of the sod were ser, thr, pro and glu. above 70 degrees c, thermostability of the sod was much lower than that of bovine erythr ...	1995	7875330
organochlorines in pleuronectidae: comparison between three tissues of three species inhabiting the northwest atlantic.	muscle, liver, and gonad from three species of flatfish, turbot, american plaice, and yellowtail flounder collected in the northwest atlantic were analyzed for a variety of organochlorine contaminants. female flounder and plaice had lower concentrations of organochlorines than males, in all tissues. comparing values to those previously obtained for atlantic cod showed that concentrations in liver, the organ most often used in biomarker studies, followed the order: cod > turbot > plaice > flounde ...	1995	7487153
a cdna coding for glutathione s-transferase from the unicellular green algae coccomyxa sp.	a cdna coding for glutathione s-transferase (gst) was cloned and sequenced from the unicellular green algae coccomyxa sp. the predicted 215 amino acid polypeptide (23.9 kda, pi 5.3) is most similar to the theta-type gsts found in a variety of different eukaryotic organisms. within this sub-class, the coccomyxa gst is 42% identical (63% similar) to the flatfish pleuronectes platessa homologue, and 24 to 35% (49-57%) to other theta-type gst's.	1996	8918264
expression of human cytochrome p4501a1 (cyp1a1) in saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits cell division.	1. saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, genetically engineered to express human cytochrome p4501a1 (cyp1a1), have a mean doubling time of 5.8 h, which is considerably slower than that of control yeast cells that have undergone the same transformation process but with a plasmid lacking cyp1a1 cdna (3.3 h). 2. a smaller reduction in the rate of cell division is observed in yeast cells expressing the closely related human p450, cyp1a2. no reduction is seen with plaice cyp1a, despite similar levels of p4 ...	1996	8905916
a multi-observer study examining the radiographic visibility of fishbone foreign bodies.	the use of plain radiographs to localize a suspected fishbone foreign body is the subject of controversy. accordingly radiographs of 14 species of fishbone, impacted in a soft tissue phantom, were assessed by a series of observers from the ent department (consultant surgeons, senior registrars and house officers). the agreement was assessed by graphical description of the data and tested by a spearman's rank correlation test. the overall results showed that, for the clinician, radiography is ver ...	1996	8709081
purification and characterization of multiple glutathione transferase isoenzymes from grey mullet liver.	fourteen isoforms of glutathione s-transferase (gst) have been separated and purified from mullet (mugil cephalus) liver by scaling up an automatic analytical method based on anionic exchange chromatography. the activity of each isoenzyme with several substrates was determined. dimeric combinations of six subunits make up this heterogeneous isoenzyme population. five of these were resolved by reverse phase chromatography; four of them, named a, b, c and d, were present in more than one isoform, ...	1997	9368673
molecular cloning of cyp1a from the estuarine fish fundulus heteroclitus and phylogenetic analysis of cyp1 genes: update with new sequences.	since we published a phylogenetic analysis of the cyp1a subfamily in 1995, several additional full-length sequences have been reported, including three members of an entirely new subfamily, cyp1b. two avian sequences were recently published, so that cyp1a sequence data are now available from three of the five major vertebrate lineages. the two new branches that have been added to the cyp1 family tree significantly add to our understanding of p450 evolution. the inclusion of the cyp1bs to the phy ...	1998	9972465
cloning and sequencing of cytochrome p450 1a complementary dna in eel (anguilla japonica).	: cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) complementary dna was isolated from eel (anguilla japonica) liver treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. the cdna contained a 5' untranslated region of 163 bp, an open reading flame of 1560 bp coding for 519 amino acids and a stop codon, and a 3' untranslated region of 1730 bp. the predicted molecular weight was approximately 58.4 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited identities with reported cyp1a sequences of 80% for rainbow trout, 79% for scup, 76% for plaice ...	1999	10489411
the alpha1-microglobulin/bikunin gene: characterization in mouse and evolution.	the 129sv mouse gene coding for the alpha1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor has been isolated and characterized. the 11kb long gene contains ten exons, including six 5'-exons coding for alpha1-microglobulin and four 3'-exons encoding bikunin. exon 7 also codes for the tribasic tetrapeptide rarr which connects the alpha1-microglobulin and bikunin parts. the sixth intron, which separates the alpha1-microglobulin and bikunin encoding parts, was compared in the human, mouse and a fish (plaice) gene. ...	1999	10395906
toxicological characterization of sediments from baie des anglais on the st. lawrence estuary.	the sediments of baie des anglais on the st. lawrence estuary have a history of environmental contamination, but no information exists relating to their toxicity. the purpose of the present study was to characterize three sites in and near baie des anglais, in terms of sediment toxicity and contaminants. sites 1 and 2 within the baie des anglais are relatively close to local industry and municipal sewage discharge points, while site 3 is outside the bay. three microscale bioassays, microtox, ech ...	1999	10448575
vibrios associated with mortality in cultured plaice pleuronectes platessa fry.	fifty two bacterial strains, identified as vibrio spp., were isolated from diseased plaice fry. the most numerous group comprised v. anguillarum (26/52), of which 3 isolates belonged to serogroup o2a, 16 corresponded to serogroup o18, and 7 isolates were non-typeable. all serogroup o18 isolates had identical ribotype patterns. fourteen isolates were identified as v. splendidus biotype i (n = 11) or v. splendidus-like (n = 3). seven isolates were v. fluvialis, representing the first isolation of ...	1999	10605143
molecular modelling of cyp1 family enzymes cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp1a6 and cyp1b1 based on sequence homology with cyp102.	molecular modelling of a number of cyp1 family enzymes from rat, plaice and human is described based on amino acid sequence homology with the haemoprotein domain of cyp102, a unique bacterial p450 of known structure. the interaction of various substrates and inhibitors within the putative active sites of rat cyp1a1, human cyp1a2, a fish cyp1 enzyme cyp1a6 (from plaice) and human cyp1b1, is shown to be consistent with p450-mediated oxidation in each example or, in the case of inhibitors, mechanis ...	1999	10614688
isolation of plaice (pleuronectes platessa) alpha1-microglobulin: conservation of structure and chromophore.	a cdna coding for plaice (pleuronectes platessa) alpha1-microglobulin (leaver et al., 1994, comp. biochem. physiol. 108b, 275-281) was expressed and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells. specific monoclonal antibodies were then prepared and used to isolate the protein from plaice liver and serum. mature 28.5 kda alpha1-microglobulin was found in both liver and serum. the protein consisted of an 184 amino acid peptide with a complex n-glycan in position asn123, one intrachain disulfide ...	1999	10082950
indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the identification of sole (solea solea), european plaice (pleuronectes platessa), flounder (platichthys flesus), and greenland halibut (reinhardtius hippoglossoides).	polyclonal antibodies produced against soluble muscle protein extracts from sole (solea solea), european plaice (pleuronectes platessa), flounder (platichthys flesus), and greenland halibut (reinhardtius hippoglossoides) were used in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the specific identification of fillets from these flatfish species. the assay was performed in two different formats: microtiter plates and immunostick tubes. immunorecognition of antibodies adsorbed to their specifi ...	1999	10528723
thyroid hormone deiodination in tissues of american plaice, hippoglossoides platessoides: characterization and short-term responses to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) 77 and 126.	we have described the tissue distribution and properties of thyroid hormone (th) deiodination activities of the marine american plaice, hippoglossoides platessoides. we then studied the 1- or 4-week responses of the plaice liver and brain deiodination activities and the plasma thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) levels to an intraperitoneal injection (5-500 ng/g) of the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners 77 (3,3'-4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) or 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl ...	2000	11246509
identification of cytochrome p450 1b-like sequences in two teleost fish species (scup, stenotomus chrysops and plaice, pleuronectes platessa) and in a cetacean (striped dolphin, stenella coeruleoalba).	the cytochromes p450 (cyp) constitute a multigene family of enzymes playing a critical role in the oxidation of many endogenous and xenobiotic substrates. the cyp1 family is of particular interest in environmental toxicology because its members are dominant in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and aryl amines. three members of the cyp1 family, cyp1a1, cyp1a2, and cyp1b1, have been identified in mammals. we report here on the identificatio ...	2000	11460754
multiple forms of alpha2-macroglobulin from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio): striking sequence diversity in functional sites.	unlike mammals, bony fish possess multiple genes encoding the complement component c3, a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m) protein family, presumably expanding the diversity of immune recognition. to examine whether the alpha2m gene has also duplicated and diverged in the bony fish lineage, cdna cloning of alpha2m from a pseudotetraploid teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), was conducted and resulted in the isolation of three distinct alpha2m sequences from a single individual, ...	2000	10970099
the life-cycle of the flatfish nematode cucullanus heterochrous.	mature specimens of cucullanus heterochrous rudolphi, 1802 (nematoda: cucullanidae) were obtained from the intestine of the flounder, platichthys flesus, from danish waters. eggs embryonate in seawater but do not hatch. fully developed larvae pressed out of eggs are 430 microm long with amphids and dereids and enclosed within the cuticle of a previous larval stage. infective larvae are believed to be in their third stage. experimental studies showed that the polychaetes, nereis spp., scoloplos a ...	2000	11138021
cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of complementary dna of novel cytochrome p-450 cyp1a in japanese eel (anguilla japonica).	complementary dna of cytochrome p-450 cyp1a, in addition to cyp1a1, has been isolated from japanese eel (anguilla japonica) liver treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. the cdna contained a 5' untranslated region of 66 bp, an open reading frame of 1554 bp coding for 517 amino acids and a stop codon, and a 3' untranslated region of 1166 bp. the predicted molecular weight of the japanese eel cyp1a was approximately 58.5 kda. the nucleotide sequence exhibited identities with the reported cyp1a1 sequenc ...	2001	14961358
[kinetics of arsenic in human blood after a fish meal].	it is well known that fish contains high amounts of arsenic (as) compounds (mean values per wet weight [mg x kg-1] ballin [1]: 41; falconer et al. [2]: 14; staveland et al. [3]: 5.2), which are mainly represented by organic as compounds, especially by arsenobetaine. it is generally assumed that arsenobetaine is rapidly eliminated via the urine and therefore seems to be non-toxic for humans. however, the kinetics of arsenobetaine in human blood are unknown to date. therefore, the following experi ...	2001	11272865
allergens from fish and egg.	allergens from fish and egg belong to some of the most frequent causes of food allergic reactions reported in the literature. egg allergens have been described in both white and yolk, and the egg white proteins ovomucoid, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme have been adopted in the allergen nomenclature as gal d1-d4. the most reported allergen from egg yolk seems to be alpha-livitin. in fish, the dominating allergen is the homologues of gad c1 from cod, formerly described as protein m. a clos ...	2001	11298006
intercomparison studies on distribution and coassociations of heavy metals in liver, kidney, and muscle of harbor porpoise, phocoena phocoena, from southern baltic sea and coastal waters of denmark and greenland.	the concentrations of selected metals such as cd, pb, cu, zn, cr, ni, mn, and fe were determined in liver, kidney, and muscle of harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena) from three geographical regions, i.e., the baltic sea and danish and greenland coastal waters. the concentrations of cd in liver and kidney increased with age of the specimens analyzed. significant interspatial variations in both hepatic and renal levels of cd were also observed. average hepatic levels of cd in baltic, danish, and gr ...	2002	11994793
molecular identification of nine commercial flaffish species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a segment of the cytochrome b region.	commercial refrigerated or frozen flatfish fillets are sometimes mislabeled, and identification of these mislabeled products is necessary to prevent fraudulent substitution. identification of nine commercial flatfish species (order pleuronectiformes), hippoglossus hippoglossus (halibut), lepidorhombus boscii (four-spotted scaldfish), lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (megrin), platichthys flesus (flounder), pleuronectes platessa (european plaice), reinhardtius hippoglossoides (greenland halibut), scoph ...	2002	12092715
the time course of effects of cadmium and 3-methylcholanthrene on activities of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism and metallothionein levels in the plaice, pleuronectes platessa.	plaice were treated with an acute dose of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (3-methylcholanthrene, 3-mc) or cadmium, or 3-mc and cadmium by i.p. injection. the effects on hepatic detoxication systems, cytochrome p-450 (ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, erod), udp-glucuronyl transferase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase activities, total glutathione (gsh), metallothionein and cd and zn in the cytosol were studied over a 14 day period. 3-mc increased erod (7-18-fold), glucuronyl transferase ...	2002	2869905
developing effective environmental indicators--does a new dog need old tricks?	environmental indicators are being increasingly used to emphasise the relevance of monitoring. however, indicators must also be effective. in particular, they must be able to answer management questions, be accessible to the target audience and be sufficiently precise. here, we use a time series of mercury levels in plaice from liverpool bay to illustrate how specific management questions can be formulated, answered, and the precision of these answers assessed. we also show how a programme desig ...	2002	12398367
molecular evidence for multiple udp-glucuronosyltransferase gene familes in fish.	the presence of multiple distinct ugt genes in fish was derived by analysis of dna sequence data derived the zebrafish est project, confirming indications from previous protein purification studies in another fish species, the plaice, for a diversity of isoforms in lower vertebrates. at least 10 different ugts can be identified from nucleotide sequence data in zebrafish. phylogenetic analysis of exon 1 sequences of the zebrafish, plaice and human ugts indicates that six of these genes are relate ...	2002	12408571
evidence from heterologous expression of glutathione s-transferases a and a1 of the plaice (pleuronectes platessa) that their endogenous role is in detoxification of lipid peroxidation products.	cdna clones for glutathione s-transferases a (gst-a) and a1 (gst-a1) from plaice (pleuronectes platessa) were expressed as n-terminally 6xhis tagged proteins in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity from ni-nta silica. gst-a was an efficient catalyst for conjugation of unsaturated alkenals derived from peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the highest activity observed with trans-non-2-enal (8 micromol min(-1) mg(-1)). gst-a1 was a very efficient se-independent glutathione pero ...	2002	12408573