Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria. | adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. however, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. here, we used anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. we reared larvae in two groups; one ... | 0 | 27412284 |
| larvicidal efficacy of ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant juniperus procera essential oil against afrotropical malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | to screen the essential oil of juniperus procera (j. procera) (cupressaceae) for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis (an. arabiensis) patton, the principle malaria vector in ethiopia. | 0 | 25183156 |
| efficacy of leaves extract of calotropis procera ait. (asclepiadaceae) in controlling anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. | the present study aimed to investigate, the larvicidal, adult emergence inhibition and oviposition deterrent activity of aqueous leaves extract of calotropis procera against anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus as natural mosquito larvicide. the larvicidal activity was monitored against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of each mosquito species 24 h post-treatment. adult emergence inhibition activity was tested by exposing 3rd instar larvae of each mosquito species to different concentra ... | 0 | 23961048 |
| mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae). | the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ... | 0 | 25994632 |
| evaluation of a stable isotope method to mark naturally-breeding larval mosquitoes for adult dispersal studies. | understanding mosquito dispersal is critically important for vector-borne disease control and prevention. mark-release-recapture methods using various marking techniques have made substantial contributions to the study of mosquito biology. however, the ability to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes noninvasively and with life-long retention has remained problematic. here, we describe a method to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes with stable isotopes. culex pipiens f. molestus mosquitoes were pro ... | 0 | 22308772 |
| volatile phytochemicals as mosquito semiochemicals. | plant biochemical processes result in the release of an array of volatile chemical substances into the environment, some of which are known to play important plant fitness enhancing functions, such as attracting pollinators, thermal tolerance of photosynthesis, and defense against herbivores. cunningly, phytophagous insects have evolved mechanisms to utilize these volatiles to their own advantage, either to colonize a suitable host for feeding, reproduction and oviposition or avoid an unsuitable ... | 0 | 25383131 |
| effects of intraspecific larval competition on adult longevity in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | larval competition is common in container-breeding mosquitoes. the impact of competition on larval growth has been thoroughly examined and findings that larval competition can lead to density-dependent effects on adult body size have been documented. the effects of larval competition on adult longevity have been less well explored. the effects of intraspecific larval densities on the longevity of adults maintained under relatively harsh environmental conditions were tested in the laboratory by m ... | 0 | 19239615 |
| species interactions among larval mosquitoes: context dependence across habitat gradients. | biotic interactions involving mosquito larvae are context dependent, with effects of interactions on populations altered by ecological conditions. relative impacts of competition and predation change across a gradient of habitat size and permanence. asymmetrical competition is common and ecological context changes competitive advantage, potentially facilitating landscape-level coexistence of competitors. predator effects on mosquito populations sometimes depend on habitat structure and on emerge ... | 0 | 19067629 |
| the malaria transition on the arabian peninsula: progress toward a malaria-free region between 1960-2010. | the transmission of malaria across the arabian peninsula is governed by the diversity of dominant vectors and extreme aridity. it is likely that where malaria transmission was historically possible it was intense and led to a high disease burden. here, we review the speed of elimination, approaches taken, define the shrinking map of risk since 1960 and discuss the threats posed to a malaria-free arabian peninsula using the archive material, case data and published works. from as early as the 194 ... | 0 | 23548086 |
| cryptic species in the anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albitarsis (diptera: culicidae) complex: incongruence between random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction identification and analysis of mitochondrial dna coi gene sequences. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) diagnostic bands are one tool used to differentiate cryptic mosquito species in the anopheles albitarsis complex. monophyly of four species (a. albitarsis lynch-arribálzaga, a. albitarsis b, a. deaneorum rosa-freitas, and a. marajoara galvão & damasceno) currently identified with the rapd technique was assessed using sequences of the cytochrome oxidase i (coi) mitochondrial dna (mtdna) gene. maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and bayesian analyses supp ... | 0 | 17082822 |
| review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in zambia. | a comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria control. this review considered data from the national health information management system, malaria surveys and programme review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all ages. data showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria re ... | 0 | 23593585 |
| delayed egg hatching of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) pending water agitation. | mosquito eggs laid on water surfaces typically hatch spontaneously soon after the embryos within them become fully formed first-instar larvae. however, we have found that anopheles gambiae giles, an important vector of malaria in africa, exhibits delayed hatching until the water surface is agitated, a feature overlooked in most laboratory colonies. agitation within 24 h postoviposition, before embryonation was complete, failed to stimulate delayed postembryonic hatching of isolated eggs on the f ... | 0 | 24897850 |
| monitoring malaria vector control interventions: effectiveness of five different adult mosquito sampling methods. | long-term success of ongoing malaria control efforts based on mosquito bed nets (long-lasting insecticidal net) and indoor residual spraying is dependent on continuous monitoring of mosquito vectors, and thus on effective mosquito sampling tools. the objective of our study was to identify the most efficient mosquito sampling tool(s) for routine vector surveillance for malaria and lymphatic filariasis transmission in coastal kenya. we evaluated relative efficacy of five collection methods--light ... | 0 | 24180120 |
| design and testing of a novel, protective human-baited tent trap for the collection of anthropophilic disease vectors. | currently, there exists a deficit of safe, active trapping methods for the collection of host-seeking anopheles and other disease-causing arthropod vectors. the gold-standard approach for mosquito collection is that of human landing catch (hlc), in which an individual exposes bare skin to possibly infected vectors. here, we present the development of a new method for mosquito collection, the infoscitex tent, which uses modern tent materials coupled with a novel trap design. this provides an effi ... | 0 | 24605476 |
| diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
| common epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria, africa. | this study aimed to compare the epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria in france, north africa, and sub-saharan africa and to identify a common vector. blood specimens from 3,122 febrile patients and from 500 nonfebrile persons were analyzed for r. felis and plasmodium spp. we observed a significant linear trend (p<0.0001) of increasing risk for r. felis infection. the risks were lowest in france, tunisia, and algeria (1%), and highest in rural senegal (15%). co-infections with r ... | 0 | 24188709 |
| arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis. | effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ... | 0 | 26543242 |
| heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture in disease vectors. | interactions between a pathogen and a vector are plastic and dynamic. such interactions can be more rapidly accommodated by epigenetic changes than by genetic mutations. gene expression can be affected by the proximity to the heterochromatin, by local histone modifications, and by the three-dimensional position within the nucleus. recent studies of disease vectors indicate that gene regulation by these factors can be important for susceptibility to pathogens, reproduction, immunity, development, ... | 0 | 26097808 |
| a review of chemosensation and related behavior in aquatic insects. | insects that are secondarily adapted to aquatic environments are able to sense odors from a diverse array of sources. the antenna of these insects, as in all insects, is the main chemosensory structure and its input to the brain allows for integration of sensory information that ultimately ends in behavioral responses. only a fraction of the aquatic insect orders have been studied with respect to their sensory biology and most of the work has centered either on the description of the different t ... | 0 | 21864156 |
| infravec: research capacity for the implementation of genetic control of mosquitoes. | mosquitoes represent a major and global cause of human suffering due to the diseases they transmit. these include parasitic diseases, i.e. malaria and filariasis, and viral infections such as dengue, encephalitis, and yellow fever. the threat of mosquito-borne diseases is not limited to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. trade and climate changes have opened new niches to tropical vectors in temperate areas of the world, thus putting previously unaffected regions at risk of disease t ... | 0 | 24428829 |
| the remarkable journey of adaptation of the plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite to new world anopheline mosquitoes. | plasmodium falciparum originated in africa, dispersed around the world as a result of human migration and had to adapt to several different indigenous anopheline mosquitoes. anophelines from the new world are evolutionary distant form african ones and this probably resulted in a more stringent selection of plasmodium as it adapted to these vectors. it is thought that plasmodium has been genetically selected by some anopheline species through unknown mechanisms. the mosquito immune system can gre ... | 0 | 25185006 |
| a historical perspective on malaria control in brazil. | malaria has always been an important public health problem in brazil. the early history of brazilian malaria and its control was powered by colonisation by europeans and the forced relocation of africans as slaves. internal migration brought malaria to many regions in brazil where, given suitable anopheles mosquito vectors, it thrived. almost from the start, officials recognised the problem malaria presented to economic development, but early control efforts were hampered by still developing pub ... | 0 | 26517649 |
| sterile-insect methods for control of mosquito-borne diseases: an analysis. | effective vector control, and more specifically mosquito control, is a complex and difficult problem, as illustrated by the continuing prevalence (and spread) of mosquito-transmitted diseases. the sterile insect technique and similar methods control certain agricultural insect pest populations in a species-specific, environmentally sound, and effective manner; there is increased interest in applying this approach to vector control. such an approach, like all others in use and development, is not ... | 0 | 19725763 |
| molecular phylogeny of neotropical anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albitarsis species complex (diptera: culicidae). | a phylogeny was reconstructed for four species belonging to the neotropical anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albitarsis complex using partial sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase 4 (nd4) genes and the ribosomal dna its2 and d2 expansion region of the 28s subunit. the basis for initial characterization of each member of the complex was by correlated random amplification of polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) markers. analyses were carried ou ... | 0 | 18079976 |
| incidence of malaria among children living near dams in northern ethiopia: community based incidence survey. | to assess the impact of construction of microdams on the incidence of malaria in nearby communities in terms of possibly increasing peak incidence and prolonging transmission. | 0 | 10480820 |
| seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | malaria in africa is vectored primarily by the anopheles gambiae complex. although the mechanisms of population persistence during the dry season are not yet known, targeting dry season mosquitoes could provide opportunities for vector control. in the sahel, it appears likely that m-form a. gambiae survive by aestivation (entering a dormant state). to assess the role of eco-physiological changes associated with dry season survival, we measured body size, flight activity and metabolic rate of wil ... | 0 | 22623189 |
| effect of swamp cultivation on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in western kenya. | malaria resurgence in highland regions of east africa has been on increase. the spatio-temporal distribution of larval habitats of malaria vectors determines the distribution of adult vectors, hence, disease transmission. vector's ecology is necessary for strategic vector control through effective plan for source reduction. mapping of the larval habitats is necessary for targeted control measures. the purpose of this study is to assess and compare the spatial and seasonal variations in anophelin ... | 0 | 22898476 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms for high-throughput genotyping of anopheles arabiensis in east and southern africa. | anopheles arabiensis patton is one of the principal vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa, occupying a wide variety of ecological zones. this species is increasingly responsible for malaria transmission in africa and is becoming the dominant vector species in some localities. despite its growing importance, little is known about genetic polymorphisms in this species. multiple sequences of various gene fragments from an. arabiensis isolates from cameroon were obtained from genbank. in total, 2 ... | 0 | 22493848 |
| preventing childhood malaria in africa by protecting adults from mosquitoes with insecticide-treated nets. | malaria prevention in africa merits particular attention as the world strives toward a better life for the poorest. insecticide-treated nets (itns) represent a practical means to prevent malaria in africa, so scaling up coverage to at least 80% of young children and pregnant women by 2010 is integral to the millennium development goals (mdg). targeting individual protection to vulnerable groups is an accepted priority, but community-level impacts of broader population coverage are largely ignore ... | 0 | 17608562 |
| in-vivo parasitological response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnant women in southern malawi. | malaria in pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. malawi adopted intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (sp) for the control of malaria in pregnancy in 1993. however there is little information on the in-vivo sp efficacy in pregnant women. this study was conducted to determine: prevalence of malaria and anaemia at the first antenatal visit and rate of parasitological failure to sp in pregnancy. | 0 | 23878625 |
| a network population model of the dynamics and control of african malaria vectors. | a more robust assessment of malaria control through mosquito larval habitat destruction will come from a better understanding of the distribution, productivity and connectivity of breeding sites. the present study examines the significance of vector dispersal ability, larval habitat stability and productivity on the persistence and extinction of a mosquito population inhabiting a dynamic network of breeding sites. we use this novel method of vector modelling to show that when dispersal is limite ... | 0 | 20813387 |
| revisiting the impact of inversions in evolution: from population genetic markers to drivers of adaptive shifts and speciation? | there is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. population models suggest that inversions can spread by reducing recombination between alleles that independently increase fitness, without epistasis or coadaptation. areas of linkage disequilibrium extend across large inversions but may be interspersed by areas with littl ... | 0 | 20419035 |
| the behaviour of mosquitoes in relation to humans under holed bednets: the evidence from experimental huts. | the physical integrity of bednets is a concern of national malaria control programs, as it is a key factor in determining the rate of replacement of bednets. it is largely assumed that increased numbers of holes will result in a loss of protection of sleepers from potentially infective bites. experimental hut studies are valuable in understanding mosquito behaviour indoors, particularly as it relates to blood feeding and mortality. this review summarises findings from experimental hut studies, f ... | 0 | 25410994 |
| knockdown resistance, rdl alleles, and the annual entomological inoculation rate of wild mosquito populations from lower moshi, northern tanzania. | understanding vector behavioral response due to ecological factors is important in the control of disease vectors. this study was conducted to determine the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles, dieldrin resistance alleles, and entomological inoculation rates (eirs) of malaria vectors in lower moshi irrigation schemes for the mitigation of disease transmission. | 0 | 22754247 |
| behavioral observations and sound recordings of free-flight mating swarms of ae. aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | sound plays an important role in the mating behavior of mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti (l). males orient to the fundamental wing beat frequency of females, and both sexes actively modulate their flight tone before mating to converge at harmonic frequencies. the majority of studies on mosquito mating acoustics have been conducted in the laboratory using tethered individuals. in this study, we present the first free-flight recording of naturally forming ae. aegypti swarms in thailand. we desc ... | 0 | 21845959 |
| malaria in the republic of djibouti, 1998-2009. | historically, native populations in the republic of djibouti have experienced only low and unstable malaria transmission and intermittent epidemics. in recent years, efforts at malaria control have been aggressively pursued. this study was performed to inform revised malaria prevention recommendations for military service members and international travelers to the country. laboratory-confirmed cases of malaria documented at large medical facilities and within military and civilian health care sy ... | 0 | 21896822 |
| influence of global climate change on chemical fate and bioaccumulation: the role of multimedia models. | multimedia environmental fate models are valuable tools for investigating potential changes associated with global climate change, particularly because thermodynamic forcing on partitioning behavior as well as diffusive and nondiffusive exchange processes are implicitly considered. similarly, food-web bioaccumulation models are capable of integrating the net effect of changes associated with factors such as temperature, growth rates, feeding preferences, and partitioning behavior on bioaccumulat ... | 0 | 23136071 |
| rapid discrimination between anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis by high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis. | there is a need for more cost-effective options to more accurately discriminate among members of the anopheles gambiae complex, particularly an. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis. these species are morphologically indistinguishable in the adult stage, have overlapping distributions, but are behaviorally and ecologically different, yet both are efficient vectors of malaria in equatorial africa. the method described here, high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis, takes advantage of minute differences in ... | 0 | 23543777 |
| seasonal variation in spatial distributions of anopheles gambiae in a sahelian village: evidence for aestivation. | changes in spatial distribution of mosquitoes over time in a sahelian village were studied to understand the sources of the mosquitoes during the dry season when no larval sites are found. at that time, the sources of anopheles gambiae giles may be local shelters used by aestivating mosquitoes or migrants from distant populations. the mosquito distribution was more aggregated during the dry season, when few houses had densities 7- to 24-fold higher than expected. the high-density houses during t ... | 0 | 24605449 |
| severe malaria in children in yemen: two site observational study. | to assess the burden of malaria on health services, describe the clinical presentation of severe malaria in children, and identify factors associated with mortality by means of a prospective observational study. | 0 | 17053235 |
| continuing medical education on infectious diseases: a saudi university hospital experience. | continuing medical education (cme) is an important and useful activity for updating knowledge in order to improve for outcome of health care. a cme update symposium on infectious diseases was therefore organized at the king fahd hospital of the university (kfhu), al-khobar, saudi arabia. participants included clinicians, laboratory personnel and nursing staff from different hospitals and universities in saudi arabia. | 0 | 23008630 |
| distribution of drug resistance genotypes in plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in saudi arabia. | two hundred and three plasmodium falciparum isolates from jazan area, southwest saudi arabia, were typed for pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhps, and dhfr mutations associated with resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinin, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the neutral polymorphic gene pfg377. a large proportion (33%) of isolates harbored double mutant dhfr genotype (51i,59c,108n). however, only one isolate contained mutation dhps-437g. for pfcrt, almost all examined isolates (163; 99%) harb ... | 0 | 22556074 |
| mosquito gut bacterium may curb malaria. | 0 | 21807592 | |
| characterization of mosquito breeding sites in and in the vicinity of tigray microdams. | malaria vector control in ethiopia has a history of more than 50 years, but malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in ethiopia. thus, targeting the control program on the larval stage is of paramount importance. this study aimed to characterize the aquatic habitats of vector mosquito larvae associated with micro-dams. | 0 | 22434986 |
| a review on balanites aegyptiaca del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity. | balanites aegyptiaca del. (zygophyllaceae), known as 'desert date,' is spiny shrub or tree up to l0 m tall, widely distributed in dry land areas of africa and south asia. it is traditionally used in treatment of various ailments i.e. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. it contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and organic acid. present review summar ... | 0 | 22096319 |
| occupational activities associated with a reported history of malaria among women working in small-scale agriculture in south africa. | malaria-endemic agricultural communities are at risk for this disease because of crop and agricultural activities. a cross-sectional survey among women in small-scale agriculture on irrigated and dryland areas in makhatini flats, kwazulu-natal south africa explored associations with self-reported history of malaria, including demographics, crop production, and specific agricultural activities. ninety-eight (15.2%) of 644 women reported malaria while working in agriculture. more women working in ... | 0 | 22049030 |
| genetic sex separation in anopheles arabiensis and the production of sterile hybrids. | the gene for dieldrin resistance has been artificially male-linked so that females can be selectively killed with dieldrin. by intercrossing different sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, batches consisting of sterile males only can be reared. this seems to have potential for use in genetic control operations. | 1978 | 308410 |
| identification of mosquitoes of anopheles gambiae species complex a and b by analysis of cuticular components. | two important vectors of malaria in africa, anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae), often occur sympatrically and cannot be distinguished morphologically. a chemical method was developed to identify individual laboratory-reared adult males or females of either species by extraction and analysis of cuticular components with gas chromatography. statistically significant differences were seen between species when selected pairs of peaks were compared. | 1980 | 7355276 |
| mosquito records from the republic of niger, with reference to the construction of the new 'trans-sahara highway'. | construction of a new, fully-tarred 'trans-sahara highway' from the coast of algeria to nigeria is well advanced. information on the distribution of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes collected in niger during a survey in august and september, 1979 is presented and discussed. particular reference is made to the dangers of west african malaria vectors being transported north along the highway as traffic increases. the vector species, anopheles arabiensis, was found as far north as agadez (17 degr ... | 1981 | 7241627 |
| cytogenetic studies on the malaria vector mosquito anopheles arabiensis patton in the awash valley, ethiopia. | blood fed female mosquitoes were collected from human dwellings in the awash valley, ethiopia. those identified morphologically as a. gambiae s.l. were preserved in carnoy's fixative for later ovarian polytene chromosomes examination. only one member of the a. gambiae complex, a. arabiensis, was found by such examination. the polymorphic inversions identified were 2rb and 3ra. the frequencies of these inversions were variable in different localities and the former inversion was found to form an ... | 1982 | 6926941 |
| anopheles arabiensis in the cape verde archipelago. | 1982 | 6926943 | |
| biochemical studies on malathion resistance in anopheles arabiensis from sudan. | the change from larval to adult mosquito control in the gezira area of sudan resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of malaria in this region. house spraying with malathion began in 1975 and resistance to this compound was first detected in 1978. laboratory tests showed that adult anopheles arabiensis patton were resistant to malathion and phenthoate but susceptible to all other organophosphates tested. the larvae of this strain were susceptible to malathion. the malathion resistance in the ad ... | 1983 | 6636275 |
| competition between culex quinquefasciatus say and anopheles arabiensis patton in the khartoum area, sudan. | 1983 | 6874137 | |
| value of cuticular and internal hydrocarbons for the identification of larvae of anopheles gambiae giles, anopheles arabiensis patton and anopheles melas theobald. | gas chromatographic profiles of the cuticular and internal lipids extracted from 4th-instar larvae of the anopheles gambiae complex have shown quantitative differences in their chain length distributions. for example, hydrocarbons extracted with 95% ethanol showed relative differences in peak heights eluting at kovat indices (ki's) 2840 (an. gambiae 1.21, an. arabiensis 1.39 and an. melas 1.14) and 3150 (an. gambiae 6.73, an. arabiensis 13.40 and an. melas 13.50). however, while using the non-hy ... | 1983 | 6882067 |
| epidemiology of seasonal falciparum malaria in an urban area of senegal. | a 15-month longitudinal survey was carried out to examine entomological and parasitological aspects of human malaria transmission in pikine, a city located in the sudan savanna zone on the cap vert peninsula in the west of senegal. the anopheline population was sampled twice weekly indoors by night human bait capture. during the same period, thick and thin blood films were collected from 296 children at 2-month intervals. anopheles arabiensis was the only species responsible for transmission of ... | 1983 | 6360402 |
| genetic linkage between malathion and dieldrin resistance in anopheles arabiensis. | a strain of anopheles arabiensis resistant to both malathion and dieldrin was crossed and backcrossed to a susceptible strain. the progeny were tested on each insecticide in turn. less than 50% mortality in the second insecticide exposure among the backcross progeny indicated linkage between the resistance genes. in a backcross of a. gambiae x a. arabiensis hybrids a recombination rate of 7.5% was observed. a y-translocation strain of a. arabiensis showed less than 2.8% recombination between the ... | 1984 | 6543150 |
| nosema algerae (nosematidae, microsporida): laboratory infections of anopheles larvae and prospects for field application. | different larval instars of anopheles arabiensis were infected experimentally using different dosages of nosema algerae spores. the n. algerae infections killed most of the exposed larvae at the instar treated. chronic infections in adults developing from treated larvae decreased fecundity and shortened the life of the adults. the possibility of applying n. algerae as a control agent against an. arabiensis larvae is discussed. | 1985 | 3928900 |
| genetic sexing systems in anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae). | 1985 | 4056194 | |
| seasonal variations in indoor resting anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in kaduna, nigeria. | a longitudinal study in a guinea savanna area in northern nigeria showed that indoor resting samples consisted almost entirely of an. gambiae in the wet season, characterized by relatively lower temperature and higher relative humidity, whereas an. arabiensis predominated in the dry season, characterized by relatively higher temperature and lower relative humidity. a significant change was also observed in the frequency of polymorphic chromosomal inversions in the population of an. gambiae. the ... | 1985 | 2862779 |
| [chromosomal study of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in ouagadougou (burkina faso) and various neighboring villages]. | adult females of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected by pyrethrum spray catch in ouagadougou (burkina faso, formerly upper volta) and in four neighbouring villages. the collections have been carried out mostly during the 1984 rainy season. monthly collections in some sampling sites allowed a preliminary longitudinal study. by analysis of nurse cell polytene chromosomes in adult females, an. gambiae s.str. and an. arabiensis were identified in the study area. both species showed polymorphisms f ... | 1986 | 3455532 |
| a field trial of microencapsulated deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, for malaria control. | the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin was evaluated as a 15 mg/m2 residual application of a microencapsulated formulation for efficacy in malaria control in a 50 km2 area of north-eastern zimbabwe. results were compared with very large contiguous ddt sprayed (2g/m2) and unsprayed areas. a total of 3544 rooms were sprayed with deltamethrin. no significant side effects of the insecticide on spraymen were noted. mosquito captures were poor and inconclusive due to drought conditions, but the malaria ... | 1986 | 3810786 |
| genetical investigations on zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo area (madagascar). | the presence of markedly zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis at alasora, near antananarivo, madagascar, is confirmed. this population of an. arabiensis appears clearly different in its feeding and resting behaviour when compared to those from continental africa, which, especially in west africa, show rather high degrees of anthropophily and endophily. genetical observations were carried out on material from alasora including polytene chromosome studies, multilocus genetic analysis and c ... | 1987 | 3508514 |
| experimental hut trials of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets and eave curtains against malaria vectors in tanzania. | permethrin impregnated netting was tested against tanzanian populations of anopheles arabiensis patton, an.gambiae giles and an.funestus giles in experimental huts fitted with traps to catch samples of the mosquitoes existing during the night. treated bednets killed some mosquitoes and increased the tendency of survivors to exit during the night. treated cotton did not perform so well as treated nylon bednets. an impregnated bednet in which holes had been cut, to simulate a torn net, reduced the ... | 1987 | 2979519 |
| dna probes for species identification of mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | identification of species within the anopheles gambiae giles species complex is essential for the correct evaluation of malaria vector ecology studies and control programmes. the development of dna probes to distinguish species of the an.gambiae complex is described. genomic libraries were prepared for four members of the an.gambiae complex. these were screened using radiolabelled dna from different species of an.gambiae sensu lato and a number of clones selected on the basis of their species sp ... | 1987 | 2979526 |
| use of a male-specific dna probe to distinguish female mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | a method has been developed to distinguish between mated female individuals of the sibling species anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis patton. the dna probe pana1, reported by gale & crampton (1987a) to be useful for the specific identification of an. arabiensis males, is here shown to be sufficiently sensitive to deduce the species identity of inseminated females from the identity of the sperm contained within the spermatheca. | 1988 | 2980163 |
| [malaria in the republic of djibouti. strategy for control using a biological antilarval campaign: indigenous larvivorous fishes (aphanius dispar) and bacterial toxins]. | the authors take stock of the present situation of malaria in the republic of djibouti which, after several decades of silence, seems to have been reintroduced at the beginning of the seventies. actually it is hypo-endemic malaria with plasmodium falciparum of which the only vector seems to be anopheles arabiensis, gambiae complex. the specificity of the larvae nests allows a control strategy based on the only treatment of larvae sites by biological control: larvivorous fishes (aphanius dispar) ... | 1988 | 3043137 |
| evaluation of melia volkensii extract fractions as mosquito larvicides. | a standardized fraction of melia volkensii fruit kernel extract was tested against anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. the lc50 in 48 hr was 5.4 micrograms/ml. at low concentrations this fraction had growth inhibiting activity producing prolonged larval instars, and lethal effects during ecdysis. further fractionation of the standardised fraction yielded seven bands on preparative thin layer chromatography. the two most lipophilic bands had acute toxic effects on the larvae, the next two bands ... | 1988 | 3225563 |
| an evaluation of the residual lifespan of ddt in malaria control. | the insecticide lifespan of ddt was assessed in huts sprayed for malaria control. the age of the spray deposits ranged from 3 up to 22 months. blood-fed female anopheles arabiensis were either released into the huts or exposed on sprayed surfaces by a bioassay technique. mosquitoes released were recovered in exit traps fitted on windows or dead on the floor. only 50% or less of mosquitoes released in sprayed huts were recovered. mortality figures for recovered mosquitoes ranged from 94% at 3 mon ... | 1988 | 3225572 |
| comparison of dna-probe and isoenzyme methods for differentiating anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | 1988 | 3280799 | |
| parasitism of kenyan mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) by romanomermis culicivorax (nematoda: mermithidae). | the ability of romanomermis culicivorax to infect, develop, and emerge from kenyan mosquito hosts was evaluated in the laboratory. host species tested were aedes aegypti, ae. dentatus, ae. hirsutus, anopheles arabiensis, an. coustani, an. funestus, an. gambiae, an. pharoensis, culex duttoni, cu. ethiopicus, cu. poicilipes, cu. quinquefasciatus, cu. tigripes, cu. univittatus, coquillettidia metallica, mansonia africana, ma. uniformis, mimomyia splendens, mi. uniformis, toxorhyncites brevipalpis, ... | 1988 | 19290190 |
| use of an electrostatic sprayer for control of anopheline mosquitoes. | the electrodyn sprayer was compared with a compression sprayer (hudson x-pert) for residual application of cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, to control the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis patton and an. funestus giles in experimental huts at magugu in tanzania. the time taken for hut spraying, 2-2.5 min per hut, was similar for both types of sprayer. two or three huts were treated internally with cypermethrin at 40 or 80 mg a.i./m2 using electrodyn formulation for comparison with 80 m ... | 1990 | 2132974 |
| malaria transmission potential of anopheles mosquitoes in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. | 1. anopheles arabiensis patton and an. funestus giles were identified as vectors of plasmodium falciparum malaria in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. an. arabiensis was the only member of the an. gambiae complex identified from chromosome characteristics. other anopheles species found included an. pharoensis theobald, an. rufipes gough and an. coustani laveran. survival rates per gonotrophic cycle for an. arabiensis averaged 0.37 during the short rains (october-november), 0.49 during th ... | 1990 | 2133010 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology in manarintsoa, high plateaux of madagascar. | to evaluate the factors which determine the transmission level of falciparum malaria, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from october 1988 to february 1990 in manarintsoa in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. mosquitoes were collected for 928 man-nights in pit shelters and indoor resting sites. malaria vectors were anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of an. gambiae sensu stricto. vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. the ... | 1990 | 2202220 |
| anopheles gambiae complex egg-stage survival in dry soil from larval development sites in western kenya. | the potential for anopheles egg survival in dry soil from larval development sites was investigated in western kenya. a total of 230 dry soil samples collected in 1987, 1988 and 1989 yielded 126 first-instar anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae from 2 to 5 days after flooding with water. these larvae were from dried animal hoofprints along streams (57.9%), from dried edges of permanent and temporary pools (41.3%) and from dried stream beds (0.8%). larval density was 1.2 larvae/kg of soil from positive ... | 1990 | 2324714 |
| microplate assay of glutathione s-transferase activity for resistance detection in single-mosquito triturates. | 1. optimum conditions are described for a simple, rapid microplate assay that measures glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity accurately and precisely in small portions of single mosquito homogenates. 2. up to 10 assay replicates were possible for individual adults and larvae. concentration of gst activity in the head/thorax region allows blood-fed mosquitoes with abdomens removed to be used in assays. 3. the method allows the use of gst activity as a biochemical character in comparative studi ... | 1990 | 2361364 |
| effect of ddt on survival and blood feeding success of anopheles arabiensis in northern kwazulu, republic of south africa. | the effect of house spraying with ddt on blood-feeding and resting behavior of an. arabiensis in natal province, republic of south africa, was investigated. indoor resting occurred in both control (unsprayed) and replastered (ddt on walls covered due to replastering) huts, but was minimal in fully ddt-sprayed huts. the percentage of bloodfed mosquitoes was greater than 50% in both control and replastered huts, but in the latter huts there was a reduction in the percentage of gravid and an increa ... | 1990 | 2370526 |
| potential use of bendiocarb (ficam vc) for malaria control in an area of zimbabwe. | ficam (bendiocarb) was tested for its residual efficacy and irritation in malaria vector control by using a laboratory bred colony of anopheles arabiensis. in the study area, the insecticide remained active for up to 8 wk (96% mortality) on thatch. in similar, especially constructed huts, 74% mortality was achieved up to 20 wk on mud compared with up to 100% on thatch. in the special huts, release/capture studies indicated that the lethal effect of ficam on the insects was more pronounced than i ... | 1991 | 1787397 |
| [evaluation of the efficacity of pesguard-ps 201 ultra low volume (ulv) spraying against mosquitos in the pout area (thies, senegal)]. | in september 1989, four weekly ulv applications of pesguard-ps (pyrethroid) with semco car mounted ulv aerosol generator in pout (thiès, sénégal) were ineffective against adult populations of anopheles arabiensis, culex quinquefasciatus and others culicines. no decrease in the mosquito populations was observed both indoor and out door in the test area. | 1991 | 1842778 |
| cytogenetic characterization of two laboratory colonies of anopheles arabiensis patton from ethiopia. | polytene chromosome analysis was carried out in samples of anopheles arabiensis from two colonies originating from different sites in the rift valley, ethiopia. both colonies were found to maintain the main chromosomal inversion variations existing in wild populations. changes in karyotype frequencies were documented as well as excesses of heterokaryotypes. | 1991 | 1844516 |
| vector density gradients and the epidemiology of urban malaria in dakar, senegal. | the dispersion of anopheline mosquitoes from their breeding places and its impact on malaria epidemiology has been investigated in dakar, senegal, where malaria is hypoendemic and almost exclusively transmitted by anopheles arabiensis. pyrethrum spray collections were carried out along a 910-meter area starting from a district bordering on a permanent marsh and continuing into the center of the city. according to the distance from the marsh, vector density (the number of an. arabiensis per 100 r ... | 1992 | 1354414 |
| [evaluation of the efficacy of fenitrothion (sumithion pm40) on vector density and the prevalence of malaria in pout (thiès, sénégal)]. | house-spraying with fenitrothion for malaria control was evaluated in three villages of the pout rural community (senegal) between august 1988 and october 1990. the baseline data were collected during the first year. the malaria vector was identified as anopheles arabiensis and the highest malaria prevalence was observed in october 1988 (38%) in the child population (2-9 years old). a simple round of fenitrothion house-spraying at 1 g/m2 was carried out in the second part of july 1989. about 90% ... | 1992 | 1417157 |
| [observations on malaria vectors in mozambique. i. the status of anopheles populations before the start of mosquito control]. | the basic status parameters of populations of the main malaria vectors (anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus) in the vicinity of the city of maputo, mozambique, were considered, such as mosquito density and its seasonal variation, female biting activity rate, degree of mosquito-man contact, degree of exophilia and endophagy, physiological age of females, duration of gonotrophic cycle, sporozoite index, vectorial capacity, entomological inoculation rate. | 1992 | 1435552 |
| [diversity of malaria in the sahelo-saharan region. a review apropos of the status in niger, west africa]. | the concept of epidemiologic facies of malaria underlines the diversity in the expression of the disease in areas where important ecological variations interfere largely with transmission. niger is quite a border region between the afrotropical fauna from the south and the palearctic fauna from the north. the last one filters through the mountains where it maybe represents a relic of ancient paleoclimates. annual variations of the northern limit of anopheles arabiensis, in the sahelo-saharan reg ... | 1992 | 1476465 |
| sensitivity of a ribosomal rna gene probe for identification of life stages of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae (diptera: culicidae) using three storage methods. | individual larvae, pupae, female adults, and adult body parts of anopheles arabiensis patton and an. gambiae giles were stored for 1 mo either in isopropanol at room temperature, over a desiccant at room temperature, or at -70 degrees c. dna was extracted, digested with ecor1 restriction enzyme, subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gel, transferred to filters, then hybridized to a 32p-labeled rdna probe. there was no difference among storage treatments in the proportion of correctly identifie ... | 1992 | 1495060 |
| intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the kisumu area of kenya. | the paracentric inversion polymorphisms of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis populations in the kisumu area of western kenya were studied in relation to parameters of plasmodium falciparum transmission. anopheles gambiae (n = 1,387) was polymorphic for inversions b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on arm 2l, with frequencies of the inverted arrangements of 17% and 43%, respectively. anopheles arabiensis (n = 484) was polymorphic for inversion b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on 3r, with frequencies o ... | 1992 | 1539757 |
| efficacy of esbiothrin mosquito coils at community level in northern tanzania. | field trials with mosquito coils containing 0.15% esbiothrin at usa river settlement, northern tanzania, during 1986 achieved a 52% reduction in biting rates of anopheles arabiensis patton and a 73% reduction of culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes. no mosquito biting activity occurred during the coil burning period which started at 20.00 hours daily and lasted for an average of 8.6 h. a sociological survey indicated that the coils were favourably accepted and produced no serious side-effects. | 1992 | 1600226 |
| the effects of house spraying with ddt or lambda-cyhalothrin against anopheles arabiensis on measures of malarial morbidity in children in tanzania. | the effects of house spraying of ddt and lambda-cyhalothrin against populations of anopheles arabiensis were assessed in children aged between 1 and 10 years with regard to fever episodes and parasite prevalences. ddt and lambda-cyhalothrin treatment did not reduce the prevalence of malaria episodes as defined by fever (temperatures > or = 37.4 degrees c and/or fever reported) combined with high parasitaemia (> or = 100 parasites/200 leucocytes). however, the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, ... | 1993 | 7902649 |
| assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. 1. a laboratory study using anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) on treated daub wall substrates from natal, south africa. | laboratory assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin (icon) 10% ai against anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius was carried out. the insecticide was applied to daub substrates, simulating the wall surface of houses from 3 areas within the endemic malaria area of natal, south africa. variability in residual efficacy was found between different areas and appeared to correlate to organic content of the substrate. residual efficacy against an. arabiensis ranged from as little a ... | 1993 | 8126474 |
| assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. 2. a comparison with ddt for the intradomiciliary control of anopheles arabiensis in south africa. | there are several factors that support the need to assess the efficacy of potential alternative insecticides to ddt for malaria vector control. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the persistence and efficacy against anopheles arabiensis of lambda-cyhalothrin used as an intradomiciliary insecticide in daub huts and to compare its efficacy in this regard to ddt. exit trap catches showed the population of an. arabiensis was high during the months of january to march, with a peak in febru ... | 1993 | 8126475 |
| [epidemiological malaria surveillance in 3 villages of the madagascar highlands]. | results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy highlands are reported. they clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. at manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. but it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. ... | 1993 | 8192540 |
| field trials of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) formulations against anopheles arabiensis in the central highlands of madagascar. | malaria is highly endemic and unstable in the central highlands plateau of madagascar. the infection is seasonally transmitted by anopheles funestus and an. arabiensis. the latter species is abundant especially in rice-growing areas. the field efficacies of commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus (strain 2362) were assessed against an. arabiensis in 5 types of larval habitats. the granular formulation of b. thuringiensis (vectobac gr) provided very good control i ... | 1993 | 8245944 |
| plasmodium falciparum sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates at the ahero rice irrigation scheme and the miwani sugar-belt in western kenya. | anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus were collected by pyrethrum spray sheet collections in houses and by human-bait catches at a village in western kenya adjacent to the ahero rice irrigation scheme; and using the same methods, an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus were collected at miwani, a village in the sugar-cane belt. plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates were determined by elisa. at ahero the mean sporozoite rates were 1.1% and 4.3% in an. arabiensis and an. funestus, respectively, while a ... | 1993 | 8250629 |
| effective population size and persistence of anopheles arabiensis during the dry season in west africa. | the way that the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and an.gambiae survive the dry season in sub-saharan sahel or northern savanna areas of africa remains enigmatic. we examined this problem by calculating the effective sizes (ne) of an.arabiensis populations for several locations in west africa. an indirect/genetic procedure was used, comparing gene frequencies at several time intervals. the amount of drift which occurred provides an estimate of ne. most estimates of ne were approximately 200 ... | 1993 | 8268490 |
| defecation by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes of host blood infected with live trypanosoma congolense. | female anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were experimentally fed on hamsters and balb/c mice which were either clean or infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mosquitoes readily fed on either animal. a blood repletion rate of 82.7% was recorded for mosquitoes feeding on hamsters. seventy seven per cent of the replete mosquitoes continued to feed while at the same time defecating the host's blood in droplets, ejected in quick succession from the anus. ninety five per cent of mosquitoes defecatin ... | 1993 | 8516628 |
| species composition and inversion polymorphism of the anopheles gambiae complex in some sites of ghana, west africa. | samples of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected from eight localities belonging to four of the five main ecological strata of ghana. analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes revealed the presence of a. gambiae s.s. in all the sites studied, while a. arabiensis was detected only in the extreme northern locality of navrongo and a. melas in some southern sites. anopheles arabiensis showed a degree of inversion polymorphism comparable to the one observed in other west african countries. the analysi ... | 1994 | 8203292 |
| small-scale field evaluation of the monomolecular surface film 'arosurf msf' against anopheles arabiensis patton. | a field trial was conducted to test the insecticidal action of the monolayer surface film 'arosurf msf' applied by knapsack sprayers, against larvae and pupae of anopheles arabiensis patton in a rice irrigation scheme in western kenya. larval and pupal densities and the number of emerging adults were determined by dipping and emergence cages respectively. application of the monolayer by knapsack sprayers provided good coverage. there were high daily mortalities of the fourth instar larvae, with ... | 1994 | 8023759 |
| molecular phylogeny of the anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors. | the six afrotropical species of mosquitoes comprising the anopheles gambiae complex include the most efficient vectors of malaria in the world as well as a nonvector species. the accepted interpretation of evolutionary relationships among these species is based on chromosomal inversions and suggests that the two principal vectors, a. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, are on distant branches of the phylogenetic tree. however, dna sequence data indicate that these two species are sister taxa and s ... | 1994 | 8041714 |
| biting pattern and host-seeking behavior of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in northeastern south africa. | biting rhythm as well as vertical and horizontal distribution of host-seeking anopheles arabiensis patton was studied at a remote warm-water spring in the kruger national park, south africa, which usually is devoid of human presence. an. arabiensis seeking hosts were collected throughout the night with several peaks, often with greatest biting activity during the predawn period. abundance did not decline linearly as a function of distance from the breeding area, but was related to vegetation pat ... | 1994 | 8057306 |
| salivary apyrase in african and new world vectors of plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. | the salivary gland activities of apyrase, an enzyme that prevents platelet aggregation by eliminating adp, were compared among five members of the anopheles gambiae species complex and an. albimanus. within the an. gambiae group, an. quadriannulatus exhibited the lowest amount of enzyme activity at all ph levels measured. apyrase activity could be separated into three groups at ph 7.5 and 8.0. the two most anthropophilic species (an. gambiae and an. arabiensis) exhibited higher activity at ph 9. ... | 1994 | 8116818 |
| host blood meals and chromosomal inversion polymorphism in anopheles arabiensis in the baringo district of kenya. | studies were carried out in the villages of kapkuikui and maji-ndege in the loboi area of baringo district, kenya, to obtain baseline data on species identification of the anopheles gambiae group, their feeding and resting behavior, and their frequencies of chromosomal inversions. this was carried out towards predicting the effect of introducing permethrin-impregnated cloths or other intervention measures. in this study, anopheles arabiensis was identified as the only species of the an. gambiae ... | 1994 | 7707055 |