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cdna cloning and expression pattern of homolog of alpha subunit of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase ib from the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi.platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor (paf). a homolog of alpha subunit of paf-ah(ib) from antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) (appafahibĪ±) was isolated and characterized. the obtained cdna sequence was 1843 base pairs (bp) long with an open reading frame (ore) of 678 bp encoding 225 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence shared several conserved features of paf-ahs of other ...022224584
[neural regulation of weaving of silk thread by bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi]. 195313217023
nucleic acids and other phosphorus fractions in the course of metamorphosis of the chinese tussur moth (antheraea pernyi). 195813532259
[developmental disorders in the butterfly after various operations, especially after implantation of tissue and paper particles into the abdominal cavity of the caterpillar of antheraea pernyi guer]. 196113760776
rna metabolism in pupae of the oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi: the effects of diapause, development, and injury. 196416591247
enzymatic mechanism for the escape of certain moths from their cocoons.an "escape hatch" from the cocoon of antheraea pernyi is established by the hydrolytic action of a virtually pure proteinase which the moth first secretes and then dissolves by means of a solvent which maintains the enzyme at optimum ph. the proteinase is both synthesized and secreted by the maxillary galeae. the solvent derives from a pair of labial glands which have the form of long convoluted tubules lying alongside the foregut and opening to the exterior through a single aperture in the head ...196417806809
photoperiodic control of pupal diapause in the silkworm, antheraea pernyi. 196417836396
[the state of protocerebral neurosecretory cells on antheraea pernyi guèr. (lepidoptera, attacidae) during caterpillar development state]. 19655877005
a study of spontaneous electrical activity and localization of cholinesterase in the nerve ganglia of antheraea pernyi guer. at different stages of metamorphosis and in pupal diapause. 19655828292
an electron microscope study of the stretch receptor of antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera, saturniidae). 19655827532
thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase in the silkworm, antheraea pernyi. 19665961623
[free nucleotides and their derivatives in fat body of larva of the silkworm, antheraea pernyi g]. 19675599804
[ultrastructural modifications of the secretory cells of the prothoracic gland of the silkworm during the last two larval stages. i. the chondriome and its relations to the agranular reticulum].ultrastructural study of the prothoracic glands of silkworms (antheraea pernyi and bombyx mori) at the last two larval stages has shown that the essential modifications which take place during each intermolt affect the chondriome of secretory cells. a description is given of the differentiation of macromitochondria from typical mitochondria by a general swelling, a clearing of the matrix, and the formation of a complex tubular network. the hypothesis of fixation or anaesthesia artifacts has been ...19685699930
the action spectrum for breaking diapause in the codling moth, laspeyresia pomonella (l.), and the oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi guer.the action spectrum for breaking diapause in the oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi guer., and the codling moth, laspeyresia pomonella (l.), was determined from 400 to 700 nm with a wedge-interference spectrograph. insects were exposed to ten hours of white light, followed by six hours of spectral light each day for 45 days. the portion of the spectrum between 400 and 500 nm was found to be the most effective in terminating diapause. diapause was broken for both insects with energy levels as low as ...196916578705
[study of nerve development in antheraea pernyi guer. (lep.), with special reference to the dorso-longitudinal flight muscles]. 19695387091
cellular response to ecdysone: rna and protein synthesis in larval tissues of oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. 19705433729
delay and acceleration of breaking diapause of antheraea pernyi and laspeyresia pomonella by photoperiod manipulation. 19705478074
hour-glass behavior of the circadian clock controlling eclosion of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi.the emergence of the pernyi silkmoth from the pupal exuviae is dictated by a brain-centered, photosensitive clock. in continuous darkness the clock displays a persistent free-running rhythm. in photoperiod regimens the interaction of the clock with the daily lightdark cycle produces a characteristic time of eclosion. but, in the majority of regimens (from 23l:1d to 4l:20d), the eclosion clock undergoes a discontinuous "hourglass" behavior. thus, during each daily cycle, the onset of darkness ini ...19715276768
temperature sensitive programming of the silkmoth flight clock: a mechanism for adapting to the seasons.when males of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi were exposed to 12 degrees c diuring adult development and then tested for flight activity at 25 degrees c, the time of the onset of the activity was advanced to the early part of the night. this change in the time of activity was stable and persisted through the life of the moth. females showed a corresponding shift in the time of sex pheromone release when they were treated in the same fashion.197317817964
physiology of insect ecdysis. ii. the assay and occurrence of the eclosion hormone in the chinese oak, silkmoth, antheraea pernyi.1. a semi-quantitative biological assay for the eclosion hormone is described. 2. in the pharate moth hormonal activity is confined to the brain and the corporacardiaca (cc). 3. during the life history of the moth, activity is practically absent from the brain and cc of larval and pupal stages and appears only in preparation for adult emergence. 4. the titer of eclosion hormone in the brain and cc of pernyi moths was followed through adult development. in both structures activity first appeared ...197328368752
[embryonal muscular development in periplaneta americana l. (blattaria) and antheraea pernyi guer. (lepidoptera)]. 19734792593
respiratory enzymes of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi in relation to metamorphosis and pupal diapause. 19744154824
dna sequence organization in the lepidopteran antheraea pernyi.a large fraction of the genome of the lepidopteran antheraea pernyi consists of interspersed single-copy sequences and repetitive dna sequences of 300 nucleotide average length. most of the single-copy sequences are about 800 nucleotides long and a minority are considerably longer. thus, the organization of the dna sequences of this insect is similar to that of most higher organisms and different from that of drosophila.19761065878
[ultrastructure and cytochemistry of hemocytes of antheraea pernyi guer. (lepidoptera, attacidae) during the fifth larval stage. i. prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes]. 19761271512
evidence for the existence of two forms of rna polymerases i and ii in insect wing epidermis.dna-dependent rna polymerases were solubilized from developing wings of the oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi, and partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation. four enzyme species were resolved on the basis of chromatographic behavior, divalent cation requirements, ionic strength optima, template preference and alpha-amanitin sensitivity. each class (i.e. rna polymerase i and ii) was present in two forms termed ia, ib and iia, iib on the basis of their eluti ...1978708742
ecdysone-initiated developmental changes in wing epidermis rna polymerase activity during the adult development of the oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi. 1978720744
hemocytopoiesis in the oak silkworm antheraea pernyi and some other lepidoptera. i. ultrastructural study of normal processes. 1978702632
absence of amplification of ribosomal dna in the polytrophic meroistic ovary of the giant silkworm moth,antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae).in the meroistic insect ovary, the oocyte synthesizes little if any rna. most of the rna which accumulates in the oocyte is synthesized by trophocytes. in the polytrophic meroistic ovary each oocyte is associated with a cyst containing 1,3,7 or 15 trophocytes. the trophocytes are derived from the same cell as the oocyte. the trophocyte cysts and the oocytes of the giant silkworm moth,antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae), are large enough to enable their isolation by microdissection. the n ...197828305031
isolation and characterization of rna polymerase b from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta.dna-dependent rna polymerase b has been extensively purified from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) by employing chromatography on ion-exchange columns of deae-sephadex, deae-cellulose and phosphocellulose and centrifugation on glycerol gradients. the isolated enzyme after electrophoresis on acrylamide gels shows one main band and one minor band, both having enzyme activity sensitive to alpha-amanitin. the catalytic and physicochemical properties of the enzyme are simil ...1978101373
[cytology of egg maturation in the silkworm (bombyx mori l.) in artificial parthenogenesis].the orientation of bivalentss in the first meiotic metaphase was studied on the squash preparations and sections of eggs in bombyx mori l., antheraea pernyi guèr and carpocapsa pomonella l. the reduction fissure of bivalents separating the homologous chromosomes lies in the plane of spindle equator; the equation fissure separating the sister chromatids is parallel to the long spindle axis. complicated rearrangements are observed in the nuclei of the silkworm eggs stimulated to ameiotic parthenog ...1979572525
hemocytes and hemocytopoiesis in silkworms.a brief review is presented of the current state of ultrastructure, cytochemistry, and physiology of the hemocytes and meso- and metathoracic peri-imaginal-wing organs in silkworms. according to the accepted morphological classification, five circulating types of hemocytes are recognized in bombyx mori as well as in antheraea pernyi. they are prophemocytes or stem cells, plasmatocytes or pre-differentiated cells and three specialized cells, granulocytes, spherule cells and oenocytoids. during po ...1979465568
evolution of a multigene family of chorion proteins in silkmoths.the evolution of the a family of chorion genes was examined by comparing new protein and dna sequences from the silkmoths antheraea pernyi and bombyx mori with previously known sequences from antheraea polyphemus. the comparisons indicated that the a family and its major subfamilies are ancient and revealed how parts of the genes corresponding to distinct regions of the protein structure have evolved, both by base substitutions and by segmental reduplications and deletions.19827110139
insect immunity: isolation and structure of cecropins b and d from pupae of the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi.the immune system in the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi, has been compared with that of the cecropia moth which has been characterized earlier. antibacterial activity against escherichia coli was induced in diapausing pupae by injection of viable e. coli or enterobacter cloacae. the activity reached a maximum on day 7-8 after which the response gradually declined. the pupae produced a set of immune proteins with p4 and p5 as major labelled components similar to that earlier found in cec ...19826754375
properties of protease inhibitors from the haemolymph of silkworms, bombyx mori, antheraea pernyi and philosamia cynthia ricini.1. effects of inhibitors in the haemolymph from three silkworms on proteases from the alimentary canal of respective insects were studied as well as those on bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. 2. in bombyx haemolymph, three inhibitor fractions were separated by gel filtration on sephadex g-75. these fractions differed in the specificity of inhibition for different proteases and in thermal stability. 3. in antheraea haemolymph, a relatively different elution profile was observed compared to t ...19827044668
developmental and evolutionary comparisons of proteins from purified ribosomal subunits in two silkmoths.developmental comparisons of silkmoth ribosomal proteins were performed by parallel two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of proteins derived from developing adult wings and from ovarian follicles at the prechoriogenic and choriogenic stages of development (before and during secretion of the chorion, respectively). proteins of 40s and 60s subunits were prepared and analyzed separately. a single major developmental difference was observed, exclusively in choriogenic follicles: the majority of ...19836884351
pheromone receptors in bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi. ii. morphometric analysis.sensilla trichodea of the silk moths, antheraea pernyi and bombyx mori, were reconstructed from serial sections after freeze substitution. the volume and surface area of the different sensillar cells were calculated from the area and circumference of consecutive section profiles. a. pernyi and b. mori differ largely in the size of the sensory hair and the larger outer dendritic segments as well as in the volume of the receptor lymph within the hair, while there are only small differences regardi ...19846697382
pheromone receptors in bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi. i. reconstruction of the cellular organization of the sensilla trichodea.the cellular organization of freeze-substituted antennal sensilla trichodea, which contain the sex pheromone receptors, was studied in male silkmoths of two species (bombyx mori, bombycidae; antheraea pernyi, saturniidae). the cellular architecture of these sensilla is complex, but very similar in both species. a three-dimensional reconstruction of a sensillum trichodeum of b. mori is presented. two receptor cells (in a. pernyi 1-3) and three auxiliary cells are present. of the latter, only the ...19846697381
conformational study of 13c-enriched fibroin in the solid state, using the cross polarization nuclear magnetic resonance method.silk fibroin with the alanyl carboxyl carbon enriched with 13c was obtained by giving a diet containing 13c-enriched alanine to the larvae of bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi at the fifth instar. sericin-free fibroin fibers were prepared from cocoons, and gut was made from the liquid silk in the gland. the final 13c content was about 13%. cross polarization/magic angle sample spinning spectra at 25 mhz and 75 mhz were measured for each sample at different orientations. spectra were simulated usi ...19863959080
plasma desorption mass spectrometry coupled with conventional peptide sequencing techniques.the mass of intact and enzymatically derived fragments of cecropin b, an antibacterial protein from the chinese oak silk moth, antherea pernyi, have been determined by 252cf plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. as a result, the carboxy terminal amino acid sequence of the protein was established.19872962676
purification of a lectin from the hemolymph of chinese oak silk moth (antheraea pernyi) pupae.a lectin with affinity to galactose was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of diapausing pupae of the chinese oak silk moth, anteraea pernyi. the molecular mass of this lectin was 380,000 and it formed an oligomeric structure of a subunit with a molecular mass of 38,000. the hemagglutinating activity in the hemolymph was found to increase with time after immunization with e. coli. studies with antibody against the purified lectin showed that increase in the hemagglutinating activity was ...19873298221
action spectra for prevention or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera.action spectra for photoperiodic induction or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera were determined by synchronizing the appropriate stage in an ld 16:8 regimen in which a 12-hr day of cw fluorescent light was extended by 6 hr of spectral light. a combination of full- and half- silvered mirrors were used to direct the spectral light, which passed through appropriate combinations of interference filters onto each of the three groups of insects in each test conducted. the action ...19873601961
studies on the sites expressing evolutionary changes in the structure of eukaryotic 5s ribosomal rna.we have determined the complete sequences of 5s rrnas from a lamprey (lampetra reissneri), a lancelet (branchiostoma belcheri), silkworms (philosamia cynthia ricini, bombyx mori, antheraea pernyi), and a silkworm hybrid (artificially fertilized hybrid species of philosamia cynthia ricini male x bombyx mori female), as well as those of cotton seeds (gossypium hirsutum l.). having compared more than 170 eukaryotic 5s rrnas of which seven sequences have been determined by our group as mentioned abo ...19883146644
evolution of chorion structural genes and regulatory mechanisms in two wild silkmoths: a preliminary analysis.we report a preliminary analysis of structural and regulatory evolution of the a and b chorion gene families in two wild silkmoths, antheraea pernyi and antheraea polyphemus. homospecific and heterospecific dot hybridizations were performed between previously characterized a. polyphemus complementary dna clones and total or stage-specific follicular mrnas from the two species. the hybridization patterns indicated substantial interspecies changes in the abundance of corresponding mrna sequences ( ...19883138421
transgenic regulation of moth chorion gene promoters in drosophila: tissue, temporal, and quantitative control of four bidirectional promoters.bidirectional chorion gene promoter regions from three silkmoth species, bombyx mori, antheraea pernyi, or antheraea polyphemus (members of two different moth families), were tested for their ability to transcriptionally activate a bacterial marker gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) in transformant drosophila. relatively short 5' flanking dna fragments (272-367 bp) of chorion gene pairs are sufficient to confer a high degree of tissue and choriogenic stage specificity of expression to the ...19892559211
effects of a purified cecropin d from a chinese silk moth on growth, function and differentiation of murine hemopoietic cells.the effects of cecropin d, a small basic peptide isolated from a chinese oak silk moth, on the functions or differentiation of mammalian hemopoietic cells are described in the present paper. this peptide suppressed lectin-induced dna synthesis of murine splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner without any significant cytotoxic effects. it also exhibited inhibitory effects on antibody production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphocytes and on colony formation of hemopoietic progenitor cells in ...19892714843
primary structure of a pheromone-binding protein from antheraea pernyi: homologies with other ligand-carrying proteins.an antennal cdna clone encoding the complete sequence (163 amino acids) of a pheromone-binding protein precursor from the male silk moth, antheraea pernyi, was isolated using oligonucleotide probes. the cloned cdna was expressed and the translation product detected by specific antibodies. the deduced protein sequence consists of a signal peptide of 21 amino acids and a mature binding protein of 142 amino acid residues. the predicted structure of this protein is homologous to binding-proteins fro ...19902097299
[androgen-like and anabolic action of antheraea pernyi guerin-meneville pas].it has been found that the ethyl acetate extract isolated from antheraea pernyi pas is able to increase the weight of prostate-semina and levator ani muscle-bulbocavarnosus muscle of castrated mice. in addition, the extract also accelerates the growth of younger male mice and enhances the contents of rna, dna and protein in the liver tissue of mice. it has been determined that beta-ecdysone is one of the effective constituents for the androgen-like and anabolic action.19911713769
cloning of genomic and complementary dna encoding insect pheromone binding proteins: evidence for microdiversity.genomic dna from the silk moth antheraea pernyi bearing the gene of a pheromone binding protein has been isolated from a partial genomic library using specific cdna probes. the dna spans 3.5 kilobases, contains three exons and two intervening sequences that interrupt the protein coding region of the gene. a dna fragment of a second gene was isolated and the complete primary structure of a corresponding cdna clone was unravelled. the expression of two different genes, giving rise to different phe ...19912001401
expression of a pheromone-binding protein in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.a cdna encoding a pheromone-binding protein from the male silkmoth antheraea pernyi has been integrated into the genome of the autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhydrosis virus such that the transcription was under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter. recombinant pheromone-binding protein was expressed in a baculovirus-infected insect cell line (sf9) and secreted from the cells into the culture medium. using a two-step protocol, recombinant pheromone-binding protein has been i ...19921730221
the insect v-atpase, a plasma membrane proton pump energizing secondary active transport: immunological evidence for the occurrence of a v-atpase in insect ion-transporting epithelia.active electrogenic k+ transport in insects serves as the energy source for secretion or absorption in gastrointestinal epithelia or for the receptor current in sensory epithelia. in the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, a vacuolar-type proton pump (v-atpase) and a k+/nh+ antiport represent the functional elements of the potassium pump. several immunological findings support the hypothesis that active k+ transport in other insect epithelia may also be energized by a v-atpase. ...19929874747
developmental specificity of a bidirectional moth chorion promoter in transgenic drosophila.the developmentally specific activity of the 326-bp promoter that is shared by the paired 18 and 401 chorion genes of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi was studied in transgenic drosophila melanogaster. bidirectional activity of this promoter is demonstrated in a novel dual reporter vector, containing lacz on one side and cat on the other. the single chorion-specific hexamer of this promoter, tcacgt, is essential for expression in both orientations; even single-base substitutions (at positions 2 or ...19948293884
cloning of a structural and functional homolog of the circadian clock gene period from the giant silkmoth antheraea pernyi.the period (per) gene of drosophila plays an important role in circadian clock function. interestingly, homologs of per have not been cloned outside of dipteran species. using a pcr strategy, we now report the cloning of the cdna of a per homolog from the silkmoth antheraea pernyi. the cdna encodes a protein of 849 amino acids, which shows highest identity (39%) with the per protein of drosophila virilis. stretches of high identity between moth and fly proteins are in the amino terminus, the pas ...19947946353
period protein from the giant silkmoth antheraea pernyi functions as a circadian clock element in drosophila melanogaster.homologs of the drosophila clock gene per have recently been cloned in lepidopteran and blattarian insect species. to assess the extent to which clock mechanisms are conserved among phylogenetically distant species, we determined whether per protein from the silkmoth antheraea pernyi can function in the drosophila circadian timing system. when expressed in transgenic drosophila, the silkmoth per protein is detected in the expected neural cell types, with diurnal changes in abundance that are sim ...19957619519
attachment and growth of fibroblast cells on silk fibroin.the attachment and growth of fibroblast cells (l-929) on matrices of silk fibroin from bombyx mori domestic silkworm (dsf) and antheraea pernyi wild silkworm (wsf) were studied by a cell culture method. the performance of the two kinds of silk fibroin was compared to that of collagen. dsf exhibited as high a cell attachment and growth as collagen did. the cells attached to dsf were extensively spread out and their filopodia were visible in the sem pictures. wsf, which contains the tripeptide seq ...19957695601
period protein is necessary for circadian control of egg hatching behavior in the silkmoth antheraea pernyi.we examined the molecular basis of the circadian control of egg hatching behavior in the silkmoth antheraea pernyi. egg hatching is rhythmically gated, persists under constant darkness, and can be entrained by light by midembryogenesis. the time of appearance of photic entrainment by the silkmoth embryo coincides with the appearance of period (per) and timeless (tim) proteins in eight cells in embryonic brain. although daily rhythms in per and/or tim immunoreactivity in embryonic brain were not ...19968938122
circadian clock neurons in the silkmoth antheraea pernyi: novel mechanisms of period protein regulation.we examined period (per) protein regulation in the brain of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi. per expression is restricted to the cytoplasm and axons of eight neurons, with no evidence of temporal movement into the nucleus. these neurons appear to be circadian clock cells, because per and per mrna are colocalized and their levels oscillate in these cells, timeless protein immunoreactivity is coexpressed in each per-positive neuron, and clock protein and mrna oscillations are all suppressed in these ...19968938121
molecular characterization of prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) from the giant silkmoth antheraea pernyi: developmental appearance of ptth-expressing cells and relationship to circadian clock cells in central brain.using a pcr strategy, we have cloned the cdna for prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) from the giant silkmoth, antheraea pernyi. the a. pernyi ptth cdna encodes a preprohormone of 221 amino acids that is 51 and 71% identical at the amino acid level with bombyx mori and samia cynthia ricini ptths, respectively. bacterially expressed, recombinant a. pernyi ptth stimulates adult development when injected into debrained pupae. ptth protein (ca. 30 kda by western blot) and mrna (ca. 0.9 kb by northern ...19968812139
[heterologous protein expression in the baculovirus vector system: the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of malacosoma neustria in antheraea pernyi cells].the results of the creation of new expressive system on malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus and cell line originated from antheraea pernyi tissues was demonstrated. the expression of bacterial beta-galactosidase-coding gene was analyzed in this system.19968743017
g-protein activation, identification and immunolocalization in pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of moths.electrophysiological in situ recordings from pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of bombyx mori males with a recording pipette which contained g-protein-activating fluoride, showed receptor cell activity similar to that evoked by pheromone stimulation. this suggests that g-proteins might be physiologically active in olfactory sensilla of insects in situ. biochemical experiments using specific antibodies revealed the presence of g-protein, belonging to the gq family, in antennal preparations. ...19979042782
preferential codon usage and two types of repetitive motifs in the fibroin gene of the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi.in this paper we describe the peculiar structures and preferential codon usage found in wild silkworm fibroin genes. we determined a 1350 bp nucleotide sequence from the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. the deduced amino acid sequence was partitioned into thirteen polyalanine-containing repetitive motifs, which was one of the characteristics of antheraea fibroins. eleven of these arrays can be classified into two types of motifs depending on difference in amino acid sequences following po ...19979013260
age-related changes in the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons in the male silkmoth antheraea peryni (insecta, lepidoptera: saturniidae).a study was conducted to evaluate the changes that occur with aging at the dendrite level of the olfactory receptor neuron in the male silkmoth antheraea pernyi. using calcein am/ethidium homodimer-1 solutions, we found increased numbers of dendrites with damaged membrane with aging. correspondingly there was an overall decrease in the electrophysiological activity as evidenced by the decreased number of cells discharging nerve impulse in response to female pheromone. it was also seen that the n ...199810328853
brain control of embryonic circadian rhythms in the silkmoth antheraea pernyi.the clock protein per is necessary for circadian control of egg-hatching behavior in the silkmoth antheraea pernyi. since the brain and midgut of the silkmoth embryo contain per-positive cells, we examined the circadian clock potential of these embryonic tissues. transplantation experiments indicate that the circadian clock controlling egg-hatching behavior resides in brain, and that a humoral factor mediates this circadian regulation. we also used ligation experiments on first instar larvae to ...19989581765
sex-linked period genes in the silkmoth, antheraea pernyi: implications for circadian clock regulation and the evolution of sex chromosomes.regulation of the period (per) gene is a critical feature of circadian clock function in insects. here, we show that per is sex-linked in the silkmoth, antheraea per-nyi. the previously described silkmoth per gene is found on the z chromosome. silkmoth per is not dosage compensated at either the rna or the protein level. although earlier studies showed the presence of an oscillating endogenous antisense per transcript, we show that this transcript comes from a locus on the female-specific w chro ...199910624958
molecular genetic relationships between bombycidae and saturniidae based on the mitochondria dna encoding of large and small rrna.the phylogenetic relationships between bombycidae (bombyx mori and bombyx mandarina) and saturniidae (antheraea yamamai and antheraea pernyi) were investigated based on large and small mitochondiral rrna genes. about 430 bp of four kinds of pcr-amplified fragments were sequenced and aligned. for the 16s rrna gene, b. mori shared a 98, 87 and 86% sequence homology with b. mandarina, a. yamamai and a. pernyi, and for the 12s rrna gene, b. mori shared a 99, 89 and 88% sequence homology with b. mand ...199910609758
three pheromone-binding proteins in olfactory sensilla of the two silkmoth species antheraea polyphemus and antheraea pernyi.females of the sibling silkmoth species antheraea polyphemus and a. pernyi use the same three sex pheromone components in different ratios to attract conspecific males. accordingly, the sensory hairs on the antennae of males contain three receptor cells sensitive to each of the pheromone components. in agreement with the number of pheromones used, three different pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) could be identified in pheromone-sensitive hairs of both species by combining biochemical and molecu ...200010806387
the clock gene period of the housefly, musca domestica, rescues behavioral rhythmicity in drosophila melanogaster. evidence for intermolecular coevolution?in drosophila, the clock gene period (per), is an integral component of the circadian clock and acts via a negative autoregulatory feedback loop. comparative analyses of per genes in insects and mammals have revealed that they may function in similar ways. however in the giant silkmoth, antheraea pernyi, per expression and that of the partner gene, tim, is not consistent with the negative feedback role. as an initial step in developing an alternative dipteran model to drosophila, we have identif ...200010655226
dynamic rearrangement within the antheraea pernyi silk fibroin gene is associated with four types of repetitive units.we characterized a full-length gene encoding wild silkmoth antheraea pernyi fibroin (ap-fibroin) to clarify the conformation of repetitive sequences. the gene consisted of a first exon encoding 14 amino acid residues, a short intron (120 bp), and a long second exon encoding 2,625 amino acid residues. three amino acids, alanine, glycine, and serine, amounted to 81% of the ap-fibroin sequence. the ap-fibroin, except for 155 residues of the amino terminus, was composed of 80 tandemly arranged polya ...200011040284
flies, clocks and evolution.the negative feedback model for gene regulation of the circadian mechanism is described for the fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster. the conservation of function of clock molecules is illustrated by comparison with the mammalian circadian system, and the apparent swapping of roles between various canonical clock gene components is highlighted. the role of clock gene duplications and divergence of function is introduced via the timeless gene. the impressive similarities in clock gene regulation bet ...200111710984
bulla gouldiana period exhibits unique regulation at the mrna and protein levels.the authors cloned the period (per) gene from the marine mollusk bulla gouldiana, a well-characterized circadian model system. this allowed them to examine the characteristics of the per gene in a new phylum, and to make comparisons with the conserved per domains previously characterized in insects and vertebrates. only one copy of the per gene is present in the bulla genome, and it is most similar to per in two insects: the cockroach, periplaneta americana, and silkmoth, antheraea pernyi. compa ...200212375618
the cdna-structure of the prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) of the silkmoth hyalophora cecropia.the structure of the prothoracicotropic neurohormone (ptth) of the silkmoth hyalophora cecropia was elucidated at the cdna level. the identified cdna of 803 nt, which is over 90% identical with the corresponding part of the samia cynthia ricini ptth gene, encodes a preprohormone of 240 amino acids. presence of proteolytic cleavage sites indicates that the preprohormone is split into a signal peptide, an intercalated peptide (64 residues), and the ptth monomer (125 residues). preprohormones of h. ...200211755069
changes in brain monoamine contents in diapause pupae of antheraea pernyi when activated under long-day and by chilling.the contents of biogenic monoamines in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex were measured in both bivoltine and univoltine strains of the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi using hplc-ecd. the contents in the bivoltine strain were monitored every five days under ld 12:12 and 16:8, photoperiods maintaining and terminating diapause, respectively at 25 degrees c. the univoltine strain was chilled at 2 degrees c and the monoamine contents were measured at 10-day intervals. dopamine, norepine ...200212770054
the male silkworm moth (antheraea pernyi) is a key ingredient in hu-bao and sheng-bao for specific prolongation of the life-span of the male fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster).it is well established in traditional chinese medicine that certain natural products, such as male silkworm moths, have different therapeutic effects on men than on women. these natural products have been used as dietary supplements specifically formulated for men or for women. however, this presumed sex-specific effect of certain natural products has not yet been confirmed experimentally with animal models or in human clinical trials. here, using the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) as a lon ...200212230015
genome mapping and gene analysis of antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus for improvement of baculovirus expression vector system.we have constructed a genome dna map of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv) and used it to identify target genes for deletion in order to improve the newly developed baculovirus expression vector system. initially, 50 independent psti fragments of viral dna were obtained by shotgun cloning, and both termini of each cloned fragment were sequenced. then, the sequence data were used for homology search against both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of other npvs in databases. this ...200216233185
structural determination of the n-glycans of a lepidopteran arylphorin reveals the presence of a monoglucosylated oligosaccharide in the storage protein.the structures of the oligosaccharides attached to arylphorin from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, have been determined. arylphorin, a storage protein present in fifth larval hemolymph, contained 4.8% (w/w) of carbohydrate that was composed of fuc:glcnac:glc:man=0.2:4.0:1.4:13.6 moles per mole protein. four moles of glcnac in oligomannose-type oligosaccharides strongly suggest that the protein contains two n-glycosylation sites. normal-phase hplc and mass spectrometry oligosaccharide pro ...200312626419
a candidate olfactory receptor subtype highly conserved across different insect orders.candidate olfactory receptors of the moth heliothis virescens were found to be extremely diverse from receptors of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito anopheles gambiae, but there is one exception. the moth receptor type hr2 shares a rather high degree of sequence identity with one olfactory receptor type both from drosophila (dor83b) and from anopheles (agamgpror7); moreover, in contrast to all other receptors, this unique receptor type is expressed in numerous antennal neuron ...200312827420
ligand binding to six recombinant pheromone-binding proteins of antheraea polyphemus and antheraea pernyi.binding properties of six heterologously expressed pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) identified in the silkmoths antheraea polyphemus and antheraea pernyi were studied using tritium-labelled pheromone components, ( e, z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate ((3)h-ac1) and ( e, z)-6,11-hexadecadienal ((3)h-ald), common to both species. in addition, a known ligand of pbp and inhibitor of pheromone receptor cells, the tritium-labelled esterase inhibitor decyl-thio-1,1,1-trifluoropropanone ((3)h-dtfp), was t ...200312879348
[effects of the antibacterial peptide cecropins from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats].to gain insight into the putative anticancer effect of the antibacterial peptides, cecropins, from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, on the cancer cells and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.200314559696
the expression of gfp under the control of fibroin promotor in primary ovarian cells of antheraea pernyi.the fibroin promoter can stably express foreign gene in lepidopteran cells. total rna was extracted from the gland of silkworm, antheraea pernyi and the transcription initiation site of fibroin gene of a. pernyi was identified by rna ligase mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends (rlm-race). the expression vector (pgfp-n2/fib) was constructed by use of replacing the cmv promoter with the fibroin promoter. the results of visual screening under a fluorescent inverted microscope and western blot ...200314660868
compliant film of regenerated antheraea pernyi silk fibroin by chemical crosslinking.a compliant film was prepared by chemical crosslinking of fibroin from silk fiber of wild silkworm, antheraea pernyi. the silk fiber was dissolved in concentrated aqueous lithium thiocyanate and desalinated by dialysis. the film was cast from the regenerated aqueous solution, and crosslinked by polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (peg-de). this film showed high water resistively while maintaining random coil and alpha-helix structure, unlike films prepared by organic solvent treatment that caus ...200312957312
construction of targeting vector and expression of green fluorescent protein in the silkworm, antheraea pernyi.the transcription initiation site of anrheraea pernyi was identified, and a gene targeting vector was constructed. the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was inserted into this vector under the control of a fibroin promoter. this recombinant vector was used to target the gfp gene to the fibroin region of the silkworm genome. the dna was injected into the testes during the pupae, and was also transferred into the egg via the sperm during fertilization. the analysis showed that the gfp gene was ...200312932302
patterns of period and pigment-dispersing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of the european honeybee (apis mellifera): age- and time-related plasticity.we explored the neural basis of age- and task-related plasticity in circadian patterns of activity in the honeybee. to identify putative circadian pacemakers in the bee brain, we used antibodies against drosophila melanogaster and antheraea pernyi period and an antiserum to crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) known to cross-react with insect pigment-dispersing factors (pdfs). in contrast to previous results from drosophila, pdh and per immunoreactivity (-ir) were not colocalized in bee n ...200312900924
constructing a feedback loop with circadian clock molecules from the silkmoth, antheraea pernyi.circadian clocks are important regulators of behavior and physiology. the circadian clock of drosophila depends on an autoinhibitory feedback loop involving dclock, cycle (also called dbmal, for drosophila brain and muscle arnt-like protein), dperiod, and dtimeless. recent studies suggest that the clock mechanism in other insect species may differ strikingly from that of drosophila. we cloned clock, bmal, and timeless homologs (apclock, apbmal, and aptimeless) from the silkmoth antheraea pernyi, ...200312869551
[studies on protein-based identification method of genetically modified capsicum].the detection system based on protein is a method to evaluate the safety of genetically modified foods (gmf). using cecropin bd gene in capsicum, a detecting method was set up. it is a system of evaluating the real expressive condition and safety of the foreign target protein of gmf. in this studies, with the preformative technic method, a satisfactory results by making use of hemolymph of immunized pupae of antheraea pernyi as standard experimental material was achieved, comparing with the real ...200312793005
water balance in the pupa of the silk moth, antheraea pernyi. 20035823381
[action potentials and structure of nervi corporis cardiaci in caterpillars of pine (dendrolimus pini l.) and oak (antheraea pernyi guer.) silkworms]. 20045660475
[cytochemical investigation of the silk glands in antheraea pernyi]. 20045872148
baculovirus and dsrna induce hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in antheraea pernyi.hemolin is one of the haemolymph proteins most strongly induced upon bacterial infection in lepidoptera. when we applied rna interference (rnai) to suppress hemolin expression in the chinese oak silk moth antheraea pernyi, we discovered that hemolin is induced by double-stranded rna (dsrna) per se. as dsrna is recognized as a virus pattern molecule, we then investigated the effect of a baculovirus (apnpv) infection. we found that hemolin is induced and expressed with similar kinetics as upon dsr ...200415271212
immunization of mice with concentrated liquor from male zooid of antheraea pernyi.to study the effects of concentrated liquor from male zooid of antheraea pernyi on immunological mice.200516015701
cloning and sequence analysis of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus gp64 gene.frequent outbreaks of the purulence disease of chinese oak silkworm are reported in middle and northeast china. the disease is produced by the pathogen antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv). to obtain molecular information of the virus, the polyhedra of anpenpv were purified and characterized. the genomic dna of anpenpv was extracted and digested with hindiii. the genome size of anpenpv is estimated at 128 kb. based on the analysis of dna fragments digested with hindiii, 23 fragments w ...200516388134
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a novel cuticle protein from the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi.in our research to identify gene involved in the cuticle protein, we cloned a novel cuticle protein gene, apcp13, from the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi, larvae cdna library. the apcp13 gene encodes a 120 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 13 kda and a pi of 4.01, and is intron-less gene. the apcp13 contained a type-specific consensus sequence identifiable in other insect cuticle proteins and the deduced amino acid sequence of the apcp13 cdna is most homologous to ...200516323268
a cuticle protein gene from the japanese oak silkmoth, antheraea yamamai: gene structure and mrna expression.a cuticle protein gene, aycp12, from the japanese oak silkmoth, antheraea yamamai, was isolated and characterized. the gene spans 1107 bp and consists of one intron and two exons coding for a 112 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 12,163 da and a pi of 4.4. the aycp12 protein contained a type-specific consensus sequence identifiable in other insect cuticle proteins and the deduced amino acid sequence of the aycp12 cdna is most homologous to another silkmoth, a. pernyi, cut ...200516231223
cloning, expression and phylogenetic analysis of hemolin, from the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi.the chinese oak silk moth antheraea pernyi is an important silk producer. to understand microbial resistance of this moth, we cloned hemolin, encoding a multifunctional immune protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and examined the expression in gonads and fat body. the aphemolin amino acid sequence was compared to other hemolin sequences in order to predict functional sites. several sites were conserved; among them a phosphate binding site, which according to 3d structure modellin ...200515978282
molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, bombyx mori from chinese bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of antheraea proylei mitochondrial dna.molecular phylogeny of some of the economically important silkmoths was derived using three mitochondrial genes, 12s rrna, 16s rrna, and coi, and the control region (cr). maximum likelihood (ml) analyses showed two distinct clades, one consisting of moths from bombycidae family and the other from saturniidae family. the mitochondrial cr showed length polymorphisms with indels. the ml analyses for complete mitochondrial genome sequences of bombyx mori (strains aojuku, c108, backokjam, and xiafang ...200616644243
in vitro study of the proteolytic degradation of antheraea pernyi silk fibroin.in this study, antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ap-sf) films were incubated with protease type xxi from streptomyces griseus, at 37 degrees c, to investigate the degradation behavior in an in vitro model system. the enzyme-resistant fractions of ap-sf films and the soluble peptides formed by proteolytic degradation were collected at specified times, from 1 to 17 days, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, ft-raman, and ft-ir spectroscopy. proteo ...200616398523
discovery of specific tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain of the beetle harmonia axyridis.rabbit anti-serotonin and mouse monoclonal anti-tryptophan hydroxylase antisera were applied on the brain sections of the beetle harmonia axyridis, butterfly childrena zenobia, moth antheraea pernyi and ant camponotus japonicus, using the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method and colophony-paraffin embedded section technique. results revealed that all the experimental insects showed notable serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the brain. however, only the brain sections of the beetle ...200616426586
safety evaluation of protein of silkworm (antheraea pernyi) pupae.the protein of silkworm pupae (psp) has been thought to be a new available source of high quality protein that contains all the amino acids needed by the human body. the safety of psp was evaluated systematically by a series of acute and sub-acute toxicological tests: (i) acute toxicity test: the oral maximum tolerated dose of psp was more than 15.0 g/kg body weight in mice, due to the absence of toxicity according to the criteria of acute toxic classifications; (ii) mutagenicity test: psp had n ...200616510230
phylogenetic analysis of nosema antheraeae (microsporidia) isolated from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi.the microsporidian nosema antheraeae is a pathogen that infects the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. we sequenced the complete small subunit (ssu) rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) of n. antheraeae, and compared the ssu rrna sequences in other microsporidia. the results indicated that nosema species, including n. antheraeae, formed two distinct clades, consistent with previous observations. furthermore, n. antheraeae is clustered with n. bombycis with high bootstrap supp ...200616872300
attachment and growth of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on regenerated antheraea pernyi silk fibroin films.silk fibroin of the silkworm bombyx mori has been studied extensively, while the research on antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (a. pernyi sf) in biomaterials is only at an early stage. in this study, the attachment, morphology, growth and phenotype of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hbmscs) cultured on the regenerated a. pernyi sf films were studied in vitro. the results indicated that the attachment of hbmscs on the regenerated a. pernyi sf films was almost the same as that on the ...200618458403
[histochemistry of nucleic acids during the process of development and functioning of the silk-producing gland in antheraea pernyi g..]. 200613149439
[fats in the organism of antheraea pernyi]. 200713445768
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