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surveillance and vector control of lymphatic filariasis in the republic of korea.until the early 2000s, lymphatic filariasis would commonly break out in the coastal areas in korea. through steady efforts combining investigation and treatment, filariasis was officially declared eradicated in 2008. this study surveyed the density of vector species of filariasis in past endemic areas, and inspected filariasis dna from collected mosquitoes for protection against the reemergence of filariasis.024159506
wolbachia endosymbiont of brugia malayi elicits a t helper type 17-mediated pro-inflammatory immune response through wolbachia surface protein.wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium of the filarial nematode brugia malayi. the symbiotic relationship between wolbachia and its filarial host is dependent on interactions between the proteins of both organisms. however, little is known about wolbachia proteins that are involved in the inflammatory pathology of the host during lymphatic filariasis. in the present study, we cloned, expressed and purified wolbachia surface protein (r-wsp) from wolbachia and administered it to mice, either alon ...025059495
studies on filariasis in malaya: the periodicity of the microfilariae of brugia malayi and b. pahangi in animals. 195913819292
studies on filariasis in malaya: the effect of diethylcarbamazine on brugia malayi and b. pahangi in domestic cats. 195913819289
experimental transmission of brugia malayi and b. pahangi to man. 196013819290
a preliminary note concerning development of larval stages of brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti in the bedbug in coastal filarial areas of kerala state, south india. 196013689282
aedes aegypti as an experimental vector of brugia malayi. 196013739286
studies on the microfilariae of loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, dirofilaria immitis, d. repens and d. aethiops. 196013775555
pilot studies on the control of filariasis due to brugia malayi (brug, 1927) in kerala. 196013790740
studies on filariasis in malaya: the vertebrate hosts of brugia malayi and b. pahangi. 196014413482
studies on filariasis in malaya: further experiments on the transmission of brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. 196113758335
the development of brugia malayi in aedes aegypti. 196114490050
early stages in the development of brugia malayi in different species. 196114490051
the intake of brugia malayi by different strains of aedes aegypti. 196114455352
filariasis due to brugia malayi in south borneo (indonesia). 196114457085
a review of progress in the chemotherapy and control of filariasis since 1955.there has been little change since 1955 in the laboratory techniques for seeking new antifilarial compounds, although one valuable addition to laboratory study has been the experimental infection of cats with brugia malayi.the chief drug for the treatment and control of filariasis-whether caused by wuchereria bancrofti or by b. malayi-continues to be diethylcarbamazine, and the author reviews the reports recently published on its use. in india and china large-scale campaigns involving the use of ...196213953210
failure of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi to develop in the tropical bedbug cimex hemipterus. 196214006430
observations on filarial larvae in bedbugs feeding on human carriers of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi in south india. 196213875068
some considerations relating to the role of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann in the transmission of human filariasis.this paper is concerned mainly with the relationship between microfilarial periodicity and vector periodicity. the so-called "non-periodic" pacific form of wuchereria bancrofti in fact shows a well-marked and relatively constant periodicity. the amplitude of this periodicity is low, which may account for the difficulty of detecting it in small clinical samples. the periodicity is well adapted to the biting cycle of aëdes polynesiensis, though less so than that of the "semi-periodic" brugia malay ...196213933891
the epidemiology and treatment of infection due to brugia malayi.the author reviews the distribution, epidemiology, and treatment of filarial infection due to brugia malayi, with special reference to malaya. b. malayi infection in man is confined to the far east between longitudes 75 degrees e and 140 degrees e and is essentially rural. the chief vectors are mansonia spp., anopheles hyrcanus group, a. barbirostris group, and aëdes togoi. the epidemiological picture is complicated by the fact that b. malayi and other closely related species have now been found ...196220604131
further studies on a strain of aedes aegypti susceptible to infection with sub-periodic brugia malayi. 196314101936
a preliminary cross-over value between the gene fm (filarial susceptibility, brugia malayi) and the sex locus in aedes aegypti. 196314101937
the influence of the gene fm (filarial susceptibility, brugia malayi) on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti to seven strains of brugia, wuchereria and dirofilaria. 196514297358
[the epidemiological studies on the filariasis in korea: i. filariasis in cheju-do(quelpart island)]a night blood survey was carried out among inhabitants aged over 1 year from the fifteen villages throughout cheju-do (quelpart island). blood films from 2,139 persons were examined and 183(8.6 %) showed microfilariae, the incidences varying according to geographical sources are from 0.8 to 19.5 per cent. all the microfilariae found in this survey were of the nocturnal periodic brugia malayi. the microfilarial density was 1.9 per cent of blood. the age and sex distributions of microfilaria rate ...196512913587
histochemical observations on aedes aegypti infected with larvae of brugia malayi. 196514347467
filariasis caused by brugia malayi in the republic of the philippines. 196514261026
clinical manifestation of brugia malayi infection in korea.the clinical manifestations in filarial infection were examined during 1965-1966 from the known endemic areas: yongju, a mountainous inland area and cheju-do, an island. 1. all the microfilaria which were found during the survey were brugia malayi. 2. the principal symptom was cuticular hypertrophy (elephantiasis). it was found in 4 cases from yongju among 707 villagers, 84 cases from cheju-do among 2,376 villagers. 3. four microfilaremia cases (4.5%) were found among a total of 88 cases of elep ...196612913566
a demonstration of the use of the polygraph to record schultz-dale reactions utilizing sera of monkeys infected with brugia malayi as sources of both antibody and antigen. 19664224346
biological aspects in the transmission of brugia malayi by aedes aegypti in the laboratory. 19664964879
the periodicity of microfilariae. xi. the effect of body temperature and other stimuli upon the cycles of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, b. ceylonensis and dirofilaria repens. 19665955121
susceptibility of common household pest mosquitoes to experimental infection with brugia malayi microfilariae, as compared to the principal vector. 19666009382
studies on the laboratory transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. i. the resistance of guinea-pigs, rabbits and white mice to infection. 19676051544
studies on the laboratory transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. ii. transmission to intact and splenectomized rats and cotton rats. 19675634132
studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. i. the intake and migration of microfilariae. 19674231979
studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. ii. the development of the parasite to the infective form; the relationship between concentration of microfilariae in the vertebrate host and infection in the mosquitoes. 19684234356
a note on the search for potential vectors of rural wuchereria bancrofti and periodic brugia malayi in malaysia barat. 19684234379
studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. 3. the survival of infected mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. 19684235597
the periodic migration of microfilariae of brugia malayi and its response to various stimuli. 19684971019
the epidemiological studies on the filariasis in korea: ii. distribution and prevalence of malayian filariasis in southern korea.during 1964 to 1967, a survey of 30,534 persons for filariasis was made on all over the country with the following results: 1. among 24,816 draftees from all over the country in the army recruitment camp 155(0.63 %) were found infected with brugia malayi. cheju do showed the highest microfilaria rate(3.5 %), north kyongsang do(1.4 %) the next and south cholla do(1.2 %) the third. 2. blood films from 2,308 inhabitants were examined and 407(17.6 %) showed microfilaria in cheju do. 30(3.1 %) out of ...196812913547
[studies on filariasis in korea: on the morphology and development of larvae of brugia malayi in aedes togoi]since senoo and lincicome (1951) first have brought up for attention to the existence of malayan filariasis in korea, several reports on the epidemiological investigations of the disease had already been made by many workers. however it is little known what kind of mosquitoes are involved as the major vectors in main endemic areas. in cheju-do, known as one of main endemic areas in korea, aedes togoi is most likely suspected as an important vector because of their abundant collections and vigoro ...196812913548
studies on immunization against brugia malayi infection in the rhesus monkey.recent studies on immunity to helminthic infection have shown that some degree of protective immunity may be stimulated by inoculations of attenuated living worms or their metabolites. the present experiments were designed to observe the effects of attempted immunization in the rhesus monkey by the use of attenuated infective larvae of brugia malayi.some effect was observed in animals inoculated with larval incubate, in which microfilaraemia did develop, but at low levels and for short durations ...19694979899
the effects of x-irradiation and antibiotics on the susceptibility of aedes togoi and a. aegypti to subperiodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. 19694984760
the behaviour of sub-periodic brugia malayi, buckley and edeson, in anopheles gambiae, giles and aedes aegypti, linnaeus. 19704394270
the distribution of larvae of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi in the flight muscle fibres of aedes aegypti and mansonia uniformis. 19704394923
development of subperiodic brugia malayi in the jird, meriones unguiculatus, with notes on infections in other rodents. 19705504534
rapid recovery of brugia malayi larvae following experimental infection of cats. 19715559751
distribution of developing and mature brugia malayi in cats at various times after a single inoculation. 19715133880
filariasis due to brugia malayi in west malayasia. i. clinical, laboratory, and parasitological aspects. 19715144151
infectivity of brugia malayi larvae recovered from aedes togoi mosquitoes at various times after a single blood meal. 19715153594
diurnally sub-periodic microfilarial pattern in brugia malayi in west malaysia. 19715159155
a search for natural infections of periodic brugia malayi in cats. 19715167567
prevalence of sub-periodic brugia malayi in areas near the thai-malaysian border. 19714398775
investigations on bionomics of mansonia mosquitoes-vectors of brugia malayi in southern thailand. 19714398777
studies on sub-periodic brugia malayi in southern thailand. 19714398778
distribution of developing and mature brugia malayi in rhesus monkeys and in the jird, meriones unguiculatus, after a single infection. 19715003272
pulmonary nodule caused by a living brugia malayi-like filaria in an artery. 19715093662
the survival and development of subperiodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi larvae in a selected strain of aedes aegypti. 19715105318
inoculation of infective larvae of sub-periodic brugia malayi into domestic cats by various routes. 19715112356
abnormally long microfilariae found in periodic brugia malayi infections in man and cat. 19715112357
a note on sheated and unsheathed appearance of periodic and sub-periodic brugia malayi in southern thailand. 19715112358
preliminary observations on the adult worms of brugia malayi in experimentally infected cats. 19715112359
a trial on the transmission of periodic brugia malayi from man to cats. 19715112360
filariasis due to brugia malayi in west malaysia. ii. skin test aspects. 19725028861
clinical epidemiology of filariasis due to brugia malayi on a rubber estate in west malaysia. 19724652465
differentiation between periodic and subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi on the basis of microfilarial sheath-casting in vitro. 19724656450
the behaviour of brugia malayi microfilariae in experimentally infected domestic cats. 19725038248
lymphographic changes in regional lymphatics of cats infected with brugia malayi. 19725050091
the interaction of brugia malayi and streptococcus in an animal model. 19734583163
the white rat and golden hamster as experimental hosts for brugia pahangi and subperiodic brugia malayi. 19734787649
chronic brugia pahangi and brugia malayi infections in meriones unguiculatus. 19734123106
superinfection of aedes togoi with brugia malayi. 19734707759
worm burdens and prepatent periods in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with brugia malayi. 19734749070
effectiveness of diethylcarbamazine in the mass treatment of malayan filariasis with low dosage schedule.a series of 250 patients with filariasis due to periodic type of brugia malayi was selected for the mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine from two areas in cheju-do. two types of dosage schedules have been employed: the one was the conventional dosage schedule (uninterrupted dose of 6 mg/kg once daily 6 times repeated with an interval of one or two month totaling 72 mg/kg), and the other was the low dosage schedule (uninterrupted dose of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 mg/kg body weight given once a day with a ...197312913485
the periodicity of the microfilariae of brugia malayi in cheju island, korea.the periodicity of the microfilariae of brugia malayi was studied in 9 human carriers from shin-san ri, seong-san myon, cheju island. the periodicity pattern was markedly nocturnal and the peaks were observed between 21:30 p.m. and 5:30 a.m. the average peak count was 1:30 a.m. and the percentage of peak count at this time was 95.3. the ratio of minimum of the average peak count percentage to the maximum was 8.3. the periodicity pattern of b.malayi in cheju island was compared with that in inlan ...197412913470
treatment of brugia malayi infection with levamisole. 19744835326
ultrastructural studies on the microfilaria of brugia malayi. 19744280233
brugia malayi infection of the human eye: a case report. 19744412254
a simple method for isolation of brugia pahangi and brugia malayi microfilariae. 19744430538
the fate and migratory patterns of the infective larvae of brugia malayi, dirofilaria immitis and breinlia sergenti in aedes togoi denied access to a host. 19744455926
experimental infection of african baboon (papio cynocephalus) with brugia malayi. 19744204969
antifilarial activity of levamisole hydrochloride against subperiodic brugia malayi infection of domestic cats. 19744522905
entomological aspects of filariasis control in sri lanka.historical events and suitable environmental conditions in the southwestern coastal areas of sri lanka have led to the establishment of a zone of endemic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by culex pipiens fatigans. the previous brugia malayi foci, scattered over widely dispersed areas of the island, were apparently completely eliminated as a result of control of the mansonia vectors by the destruction of the larval host plants in their swamp habitats. control measures by ...19744619057
the differentiation of brugia malayi, b. pahangi, b. tupaiae and wuchereria bancrofti.during studies on filariasis in thailand, attempts were made to differentiate wuchereria bancrofti and brugia spp. by morphological characteristics, as well as by vector species.1975775653
susceptibility of the "bush baby" (galago crassicaudatus panganiensis) to brugia malayi and b. pahangi. 1975809564
effect of diethylcarbamazine on third stage brugia malayi larvae in cats.forty-one experimental and 37 control cats were each infected with 50 brugia malayi larvae in such a way that a preponderance of the larvae remained localized in the popliteal lymph node or in the lymphatics of the leg draining into that node. during the 1st week after infection cats were treated with varying doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec). two weeks after infection, necropsy for worm recovery was performed on treated and control cats. no living larva was recovered from 21 of 22 cats ...19751111358
the ultrastructure of adult brugia malayi (brug, 1927) (nematoda: filarioidea).the ultrastruct of the adult subperiodic brugia malayi (brug, 1927) within pulmonary arteries of male jirds (meriones unguiculatus) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the cuticle consists of 10 sublayers (2 of which are prominently banded) and a typical outer unit membrane. evidence is presented showing that the subcuticular region of the lateral chords comprises a functional complex of basal infoldings, multivesicular bodies, and associated mitochondria, which is probably engaged ...19751138041
experimental infection of rattus sabanus and rattus muelleri with subperiodic brugia malayi.r. sabanus and r. muelleri are very common in the lowland forests of malaysia. in nature they are infected with breinlia sp. and d. ramachandrani. in an attempt to determine whether they are also susceptible to subperiodic b. malayi and thereby being potential reservoirs of infection of the disease, 24 r. muelleri and 17 r. sabanus were experimentally infected with the parasite. results show that although they can support the full development of the parasite, they are poor hosts. this confirms t ...19751145240
distribution and development of brugia malayi in reinfected cats.at various time periods after an initial exposure to 50 brugia malayi larvae on one hind foot cats were reexposed to an additional 50 larvae in one of 3 ways: on the previously infected limb only, on the contralateral, uninfected limb only, or on both hind limbs simultaneously. at the time of reexposure uninfected controls were exposed to 50 larvae on one hind foot in a similar manner. from 2 to 4 weeks after reexposure to larvae, the cats were necropsied and the appropriate lymph nodes and vess ...19751165544
studies on filariasis in the pacific. 5. brugia malayi filariasis in treated and untreated populations of south borneo.a blood survey employing membrane filter concentration (mfc) and examination of stained 20 c.mm thick blood films as diagnostic methods was carried out in banjar regency of south borneo, an area of endemic b. malayi filariasis. in untreated populations the mf rate, as revealed by mfc, ranged from 23.2% for the 5-9 year old group to 43.7% for the greater than 50 year old group. for all age groups approximately one half of the microfilaraemias were of a low grade nature, diagnosed by mfc only. in ...19751166344
the effect of streptococcus on the persistence of brugia malayi and on the production of elephantiasis in cats. 19751201891
mastomys natalensis as an experimental host for brugia malaye subperiodic.infective larvae of brugia malayi subperiodic obtained by dissection of infected aedes togoi were injected subcutaneously into the scrotal region of mastomys natalensis. from altogether 58 infected male m. natalensis 81% showed consistently or intermittently detectable microfilaraemia, whereas in 19% of the animals no microfilaraemia could be detected at any stage. the mean prepatent period was 136 days; the microfilarial density varied from 1 to 535 per 20 c. mm blood. in those animlas with con ...19751221502
parasitic infections in humans in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.a survey was carried out among inhabitants of eight villages in west kalimantan province (borneo), whereby blood smears were examined for malaria, stools examined for intestinal parasites and sera tested by the indirect hemagglutination test for antibodies to entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of malaria among 3017 people examined was 5.6% (plasmodium vivax 2.8%, plasmodium falciparum 2.8%). brugia malayi microfilariae were found in 3.6% and wuchereria bancrofti in 0.3%. ...1976788263
the comparative susceptibility of male and female and of mature and immature cats to infection with sub-periodic brugia malayi. 19761019389
development of the timor filaria in aedes togoi: preliminary observations.developmental stages of the timor filaria recovered from experimentally infected aedes togoi mosquitoes are described. mosquitoes were dissected and examined for larvae beginning 1 1/2 days and continuing daily for 9 days after they had fed on a carrier on the island of flores, indonesia. timor microfilariae develop rapidly to third-stage larvae within the thoracic muscles of a. togoi: the first molt occurs at 3 1/2 days, the second molt as early as 5 1/2 days, and infective forms are found at 6 ...197612255
infective larvae of brugia: escape from mosquitoes into water and subsequent oral infectivity in jirds.published work showed that third-stage larvae (l-3s) escape into water from dead or dying, brugia pahangi-infected, aedes aegypti. the present study revealed the same escape phenomenon among b. pahangi-infected armigeres subalbatus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and aedes togoi, and among brugia malayi-infected ae. aegypti and ae. togoi. l-3s maintained in water or in lum's solution for 3 hours retained infectivity when tested in orally or subcutaneously exposed jirds; furthermore, l-3s recovered f ...19768999
parasitology survey in northern sumatra, indonesia.a parasitology survey was conducted in five villages in north sumatra, indonesia. a total of 3,207 blood smears, 2,066 stool specimens and 969 sera were examined. sixty (1.9%) inhabitants had malaria (plasmodium vivax 41, p. falciparum 19), and 20 had brugia malayi microfilaraemia. the most common intestinal helminths were trichuris trichiura (87%), ascaris lumbricoides (75%) and hookworm (58%). other helminths found in low numbers were enterobius vermicularis, strongyloides stercoralis, taenia ...1976950682
brugia malayi in a cervical smear.a microfilaria, identified as that of brugia malayi, was found in a routine cervical smear from a healthy, 38-year-old female malaysian aborigine.1976961988
brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, and brugia patei: pulmonary pathology in jirds, meriones unguiculatus. 1976976421
anopheles barbirostris (van der wulp) still an efficient vector of brugia malayi in central sulawesi (celebes), indonesia. 1976982523
oral transmission of brugia malayi to jirds. 19761003273
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