Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| encephalitozoon cuniculi as a kidney parasite in the rabbit. | a spontaneous epidemic of nephritis among young rabbits associated with a protozoan parasite has been observed in a certain breeding stock since 1918. it is regarded as a nest infection. the parasite is tentatively classed among the microsporidia and the stages encountered are regarded as vegetative which may perhaps pass through several generations in the same host. it is a parasite of the epithelial cell, provoking no immediate host reactions. these are supposed to follow injury such as destru ... | 1925 | 19868972 |
| common infectious disease of laboratory rabbits questionably attributed to encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1954 | 13170904 | |
| the occurrence of nosema cuniculi (encephalitozoon cuniculi) in the cells of transplantable, malignant ascites tumours and its effect upon tumour and host. | 1966 | 5919478 | |
| experimental transmission of a murine microsporidian in swiss mice. | the production of ascitic fluid and splenomegaly on intraperitoneal injection in weanlings was used as a test for microsporidia after introduction by other routes and in other loci. oral and cerebral administration was followed only by enlarged spleens which reproduced the ascitic response on passage. microsporidia were demonstrable by phase microscopy in all fluids. positive findings were also obtained with liver, kidney, brain, lungs, blood, and urine. intramuscular and intranasal injection we ... | 1967 | 4862191 |
| [the possibility of encephalitozoon cuniculi multiplication in chick fibroblast cultures]. | 1970 | 4995876 | |
| the ultrastructure of encephalitozoon cuniculi (microsporida, nosematidae) and its taxonomic significance. | 1971 | 4332234 | |
| isolation and in vitro cultivation of the mammalian microsporidian encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1972 | 4209547 | |
| virus resistance in rabbit kidney cell cultures contaminated by a protozoan resembling encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1973 | 4348584 | |
| detection of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. | 1973 | 4591341 | |
| interactions between encephalitozoon cuniculi and macrophages. parasitophorous vacuole growth and the absence of lysosomal fusion. | encephalitozoon cuniculi grow within ever-increasing parasitophorous vacuoles (pv) in peritoneal macrophages. the pv boundary membrane conforms to a rich arrangement of blebs; similar, but free vesicles were observed within the pv space. an iron dextran-concanavalin a marker was used to express visually clustered distributions of con a receptors on the pv boundary blebs and free vesicles; no marker was observed on other membrane surfaces within the pv. these results, combined with the observatio ... | 1975 | 1189574 |
| interference between rickettsia orientalis and encephalitozoon cuniculi in the same cell. | 1975 | 1243116 | |
| growth of nosema cuniculi in established cell lines. | growth patterns of nosema cuniculi (encephalitozoon cuniculi) in cell cultures of bovine kidney, canine kidney, feline lung, and rabbit kidney were studied. all cell cultures used were easy to manage and the last 3 are commercially-available established cell lines. the dog kidney cells were the most suitable for large-scale production of nosema. when grown in plastic flasks with a bottom area of 75 cm2, the weekly yield from nosema-infected canine kidney cells during the 10th to 17th week afte ... | 1975 | 804074 |
| fine structure of encephalitozoon cuniculi from rabbits, mice and hamsters. | fine structure and development of encephalitozoon cuniculi from rabbits were studied in rabbit choroid plexus (cp) cell cultures and were compared to hamster and mouse microsporida. sporoplasms had a single limiting membrane and contained a large nucleus. proliferative forms (schizonts) had double outer membranes, the outermost being associated with the formation of the limiting membrane of vacuoles formed within the host cell cytoplasm. these organisms were often binucleate and divided to form ... | 1975 | 811789 |
| encephalitozoonosis (nosematosis) causing bilateral cataract in a rabbit. | bilateral cataract due to a microsporidan believed to be encephalitozoon cuniculi (also called nosema cuniculi) is described as an incidental finding in a laboratory rabbit. the route of infection and the significance of the findings are discussed. this is apparently the first report of cataract due to this cause. | 1976 | 825135 |
| polyarteritis nodosa: general aspects and occurrence in domestic animals, particularly in association with nosematosis in blue foxex (author's transl). | a survey of polyarteritis nodosa in domestic animals is presented, including a description of the patho-morphological lesions and a discussion on the causal factors. this vascular disease occurs in domestic animals in association with both viral infections (infectious plasmacytosis in mink), bacterial infections (erysipelas in swine), and protozoan infections (nosematosis in blue foxes). the conclusion is drawn that the observations in domestic animals support the view that immunological disturb ... | 1976 | 2901 |
| altered immune responsiveness associated with encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. | the variation in immune response of two unrelated colonies of laboratory rabbits to high doses of heat-killed brucella abortus strain 19 was investigated. one was a mixed-breed, multicolored colony in which a high prevalence of encephalitozoonosis had been recorded, whereas the other rabbits were derived from a colony of dutch-marked specific-pathogen-free rabits. although considerable variation in the immune response between individual rabbits was noticed at all bleeds, rabbits infected with en ... | 1977 | 139377 |
| application of immunofluorescence to the establishment of an encephalitozoon cuniculi-free rabbit colony. | serologic screening of a rabbit breeding colony over a 9-month period showed that all 9-week-old rabbits with encephalitozoon cuniculi infection were born of e cuniculi-infected does. this observation, obtained from studies on 395 young rabbits, suggested that transmission of infection is either transplacental or the result of close contact soon after birth. on this basis, 16 young healthy rabbits, seronegative to e cuniculi, were isolated and tested at 2-week intervals for antibodies to e cunic ... | 1977 | 140272 |
| diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in experimentally infected rabbits by intradermal and immunofluorescence tests. | the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test was performed on serial blood samples from eight young new zealand white rabbits with experimental encephalitozoonosis. the test showed seroconversion in six of the eight infected rabbits by the 8th day after inoculation and in all rabbits by the 15th day. antibody titers reached a peak by about the 36th day after inoculation and remained significantly elevated until the termination of the experiment at 84 days after inoculation. none of four sham-in ... | 1977 | 323570 |
| the india-ink immunoreaction: a method for the rapid diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis. | sera from 37 rabbits were assayed for antibodies against encephalitozoon cuniculi (nosema cuniculi) by the india-ink immunoreaction and the indirect fluorescent antibody tests: all animals seropositive to the former were also positive to the latter test. 27 of the rabbits were also tested for skin hypersensitivity and then autopsied. animals positive to the skin test were also positive to the serological tests. at autopsy 18 of 22 rabbits positive in the immunological tests showed lesions typica ... | 1977 | 325292 |
| wall structure of the sporonts of encephalitozoon cuniculi grown in human fibroblasts. | 1977 | 833573 | |
| diagnosis of experimental encephalitozoonosis in rabbits by complement fixation. | a complement-fixation (cf) test has been developed for detection of experimental encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. the antigen consisted of disrupted homogenates of encephalitozoon cuniculi spores grown in and released from rabbit choroid plexus tissue culture cells. the test was sensitive and capable of detecting experimental encephalitozoonosis in rabbits as early as 15 days after intracerebral infection. the test was specific for infected animals, and no cross-reactivity was demonstrated betwee ... | 1977 | 864288 |
| isolation of encephalitozoon cuniculi from urine samples. | encephalitozoon cuniculi was isolated from the urine of infected rabbits using human and canine tissue cultures. the organism was isolated from 7 of 11 contaminated urines from seropositive animals. the advantages of urine over tissue as a source of e. cuniculi are that it is obtainable from living animals, can be examined for the presence of organisms, and is essentially free of cells likely to overgrow the tissue cultures used for isolation. | 1977 | 926750 |
| the immunoperoxidase test diagnosis of encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. | sera collected from both naturally and artificially infected rabbits were found to show excellent correlation when examined for the presence of encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies using the immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence tests. out of 85 randomly selected rabbits, 21 were found to be serologically positive using both the tests. however, lesions which could be attributed to e. cuniculi infection were only demonstrated in 16. | 1978 | 364187 |
| humoral immune response to infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. | parenteral administration of encephalitozoon cuniculi induced an antibody response within 7--11 days. peroral administration was less effective since only 2 of 6 animals showed seroconversion; they became seropositive within 14--21 days. sera from animals which became seropositive had high antibody titres during the whole test period. immune sera from 3 animals were fractionated by gel filtration. with the india-ink immunoreaction test, antibodies to e. cuniculi were found only in the 7s fractio ... | 1978 | 364188 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in a specific-pathogen-free rabbit unit. | we describe our discovery of encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in a specific-pathogen-free rabbit colony. small-sized samples had failed to reveal the presence of infection with a prevalence of about 5%. using an india ink immunoreaction test by which we were able to visualize both negative and positive reactions, we were able to undertake a 100% screen of the colony of more than 700 rabbits and to repeat this 4 weeks later when we had culled the positive reactors. by collating the results of ... | 1978 | 151081 |
| the eradication of encephalitozoon cuniculi from a specific pathogen-free rabbit colony. | encephalitozoan cuniculi was discovered in a large specific pathogen-free rabbit colony during routine quality assurance testing. by using a modified india-ink immunoreaction test we were able to test the entire colony for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. the prevalence of the disease was approximately 5%. all seropositive animals were culled, and another test of the entire colony, carried out 4 weeks later, revealed one seropositive rabbit which was also culled. two subsequent screenings ... | 1978 | 151763 |
| serological and histological studies on adult rabbits with recent, naturally acquired encephalitozoonosis. | twenty adult rabbits were killed two to 12 weeks after antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were first detected in their sera. specimens of urine were examined for e cuniculi and sections of kidneys and brains were examined both for organisms and lesions consistent with encephalitozoonosis. organisms were observed in the kidneys from two weeks after the appearance of antibodies, and histological lesions in the kidneys were observed after five weeks. however, organisms were rarely seen in the b ... | 1978 | 653124 |
| isolation of the causative organism of canine encephalitozoonosis. | spontaneous infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi resulted in a lethal disease in all but one of a litter of puppies in texas. the disease was characterized by severe nonsuppurative nephritis, encephalitis and segmental vasculitis. many protozoa were in renal tubule cells, endothelial cells and brain. the number of organisms decreased and the granulomatous character of the lesions became more prominent as the disease progressed. sera from affected puppies and their parents reacted in an indire ... | 1978 | 695219 |
| some factors influencing the in vitro infectivity and replication of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | rabbit encephalitozoon cuniculi were propagated in vitro using rabbit choroid plexus (rcp) cells. the organisms reached maximum titer and numbers by 15 days. the source and in vitro passage level of rcp cells moderately influenced the sensitivity of the cells to infection. cells less than 1 week old were significantly less sensitive than older cells. a moderate increase in infectivity for rcp cells was demonstrated with increasing organism passage level in vitro. rabbit e. cuniculi were not affe ... | 1978 | 739413 |
| [rearing of germfree rabbits and establishment of an spf rabbit colony]. | baby rabbits hysterectomy-derived from conventional japanese white rabbits were reared under aseptic condition by feeding with 4 types of artificial diets. rabbit milk for the artificial diet was obtained from conventional dams at 7--25 days after delivery. the artificial diets was given by stomach tube twice a day. the total volumes of diet given (ml per day) were y = 2.3x + a (1 to approximately 14 days of age), y = 32.2 + a (l5 to approximately 25 days of age), or y = (32.2 + a) - 37.5 (x - 2 ... | 1979 | 155008 |
| encephalitozoonosis in laboratory animals--a serological survey. | serum samples of rabbits, guinea pigs, syrian golden hamsters and mice from various breeding stations and laboratory colonies were examined for the presence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of more than 500 rabbits, only those from commercial farms and laboratory colonies were found positive. the number of positive animals fluctuated in different colonies from 0% to 95%. 140 guinea pigs were examined. two colonies were antibody-free, fou ... | 1979 | 109381 |
| animal infectivity of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | rabbits, mice, rats and rhesus monkeys were infected experimentally with a rabbit isolate of the mammalian microsporidan encephalitozoon cuniculi. the lesions produced were typical of those occurring in spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in rabbits, mice, and rats, respectively. viable e. cuniculi were recovered from tissues of injected animals with and without lesions. titration of rabbit, mouse, and hamster isolates of e. cuniculi in mice and in rabbit choroid plexus cell cultures showed that the ... | 1979 | 109602 |
| the biology of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | encephalitozoon cuniculi is a widespread and often sub-clinical microsporidian parasite of homeothermic animals, including man. the biology, pathology and taxonomy of the organism is reviewed and the available diagnostic methods discussed. transmission is almost invariably via the oral route either by ingestion of contaminated tissues and other foods or by ingestion of infected urine, perhaps on food, or when animals lick the coats of others. transplacental transmission does not seem common but ... | 1979 | 109708 |
| sensitivity of encephalitozoon cuniculi to various temperatures, disinfectants and drugs. | spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi were exposed to various temperature or to disinfectants, and their infectivity was then tested on monolayer cultures of canine kidney cells. the maximum survival time for spores suspended in medium 199 was 1 day at -20 degrees c, 98 days at 4 degrees c, 6 days at 22 degrees c, and 2 days at 37 degrees c. only 2.5% survived 30 min at 56 degrees c. boiling for 5 min or autoclaving at 120 degrees c for 10 min killed all spores. dry spores survived less than a week ... | 1979 | 121934 |
| is encephalitozoonosis a zoonosis? | encephalitozoon cuniculi has often been cited as a human pathogen although few cases (of disease) have been described in the literature. a discussion of these cases suggests that this microsporidium should not be regarded as a pathogen of man. | 1979 | 384086 |
| a simple method for the detection of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. | rabbit antibodies against encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in an indirect microagglutination test using a bead substrate to which anti-rabbit immunoglobin g light and heavy chain antibodies were coupled. the test was positive using immune whole serum or f(ab)' and f(ab)'2 fragments of immunoglobin g but negative using the f(c) fragment. the reaction was blocked by saturating the beads with rabbit serum or by absorbing positive sera with excess encephalitozoon cuniculi. the test provided a ... | 1979 | 388070 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi in wild european rabbits and a fox. | 1979 | 472479 | |
| an investigation of the route and progression of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in adult rabbits. | rabbits infected either orally or intratracheally with cell culture-grown encephalitozoon cuniculi were monitored regularly for serum antibody levels and e. cuniculi in the urine. their responses were compared with intravenously inoculated and uninoculated control rabbits. all rabbits receiving e. cuniculi developed serum antibodies, generally within 3 weeks, and excreted e. cuniculi by 6 weeks. in the acute stage of infection, the organs most affected were lung, kidney and liver; the brain and ... | 1979 | 490434 |
| microsporidal encephalitis in muskrats. | microsporida similar morphologically to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in granulomatous foci in the brain of 5 of 29 wild-caught muskrats (ondatra zibethica) held in captivity for various periods of time, but not in any of 36 free-living muskrats examined. the significance and possible source of this infection are discussed. | 1979 | 501846 |
| humoral immune response to natural infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. | sera from 4 generations of a family of rabbits having a natural encephalitozoon cuniculi infection were investigated. antibodies were demonstrated in a litter of newborn rabbits and in another litter 11 days old. histoloigcal examination of the brains and kidneys of these animals failed to reveal lesions attributable to the disease. sera from a further litter of 2 rabbits, taken at weekly intervals from 4 to 42 weeks of age, revealed a low initial antibody titre which regressed to an undetectabl ... | 1979 | 529764 |
| simple focus assay for encephalitozoon cuniculi. | in this is vitro infectivity assay for encephalitozoon cuniculi, lesions due to the organism appeared as macroscopically distinct foci. the number of such foci was used as a direct measure of the number of infectious units in the original sample. the expected correlation between focus-forming units and 50% infectious doses was observed in limit dilution experiments. | 1979 | 553187 |
| investigation into the transplacental transmission of encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. | an investigation into the transmission of encephalitozoon cuniculi was undertaken in both naturally- and experimentally-infected rabbits. only 2 nurslings were found with rising antibody titres at 8-10 weeks of age, when infection could have been caused by environmental contamination. | 1980 | 6767136 |
| role of antibody and complement in the control of encephalitozoon cuniculi infections by rabbit macrophages. | the capacity of mononuclear peritoneal macrophages to phagocytose encephalitozoon cuniculi was tested in vitro. normal rabbit serum or cell culture medium had little effect on the rate of removal of organisms by rabbit peritoneal macrophages. treatment with immune rabbit serum or immune rabbit immunoglobulin g significantly (p less than 0.001) increased phagocytosis of e. cuniculi. guinea pig complement was found to significantly (p less than 0.001) enhance the phagocytosis of antibody-treated e ... | 1980 | 6769813 |
| effect of fumagillin on in vitro multiplication of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | encephalitozoon cuniculi (levaditi, nicolau & schoen) is an obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite of rabbits, carnivores, laboratory rodents, and a variety of other mammals. cell cultures of rabbit and canine cells were infected with rabbit and dog isolates of e. cuniculi. four days later 5 microgram/ml of fumagillin was introduced into the culture medium. the multiplication of the parasite was inhibited within 48 h and this effect was maintained as long as the antibiotic remained in the me ... | 1980 | 6772772 |
| the indirect india-ink immunoreaction for detection of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in rat and mouse serum. | the direct india-ink immunoreaction and the india-ink immunoreaction inhibition tests are described and results are compared with those obtained by the indirect fluorescence antibody test. titrations of seropositive samples were made by 2 methods and the titres obtained were similar. some advantages of the india-ink immunoreaction as a diagnostic test are discussed. | 1980 | 6776343 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in commercially-available rabbit antisera and serum reagents. | 1980 | 6776344 | |
| a survey of encephalitozoon cuniculi in laboratory animal colonies in the united kingdom. | of 38 animal colonies serologically examined for encephalitozoon cuniculi, 1 mouse, 2 rat and 4 guineapig colonies were positive. a further survey showed that the prevalence within mouse, rat, guineapig and rabbit colonies varied between 25 and 95%. guineapigs housed with infected rabbits are at a greater risk of being infected than those housed separately. nephritis was a common feature, but cerebral granulomata were not seen. | 1980 | 6776345 |
| a survey of serum antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in breeding rabbits and their young. | screening of a rabbit breeding colony by the india-ink immunoreaction test revealed that 73% of the animals had antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. the study also indicated the passive transmission of antibodies from infected dams to their offspring. ninety-five percent of the rabbits born to seropositive dams had maternal antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi up to the age of 4 weeks with titers ranging from 1:25 to 1:800. after elimination of maternally transferred antibodies, about 50% o ... | 1980 | 6776348 |
| a serological survey of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in the wild rabbit in england and scotland. | sera from 175 wild rabbits trapped in england or scotland over the past two years were tested for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. no sera were positive, suggesting that this common laboratory rabbit pathogen is rare in wild rabbits in these areas. | 1980 | 7414097 |
| the course of infection of encephalitozoon cuniculi in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. | a humoral and cellular response was detected in c57bl mice 14-21 days after experimental infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi. in athymic (nu/nu) mice a severely limited cellular response and no antibodies were detected, but masses of spores were found in the liver and other viscera. these spores were probably responsible for the death of the nude mice. antibodies in c57bl mice remained at high levels for at least 17 months after infection. | 1980 | 7431830 |
| an investigation of encephalitozoon cuniculi in the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus in victoria, australia. | sera from 823 wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected from a number of geographic regions of victoria, australia over the past eight years were examined for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi, along with sera from 46 hares (lepus europaeus) (pallas) and 57 new zealand wild rabbits. no sera were positive, implying that this common laboratory rabbit parasite is absent from wild rabbits in these areas. however, wild rabbits were found to be readily infected by the oral route with small n ... | 1980 | 6987299 |
| simple diagnostic test for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi based on enzyme immunoassay. | 1981 | 7022017 | |
| the ultrastructure of encephalitozoon cuniculi growing in renal tubules of rabbits. | a wild type rabbit infected orally with cell culture-grown encephalitozoon cuniculi. twelve weeks after infection the rabbit was killed and blocks of kidney tissue were fixed for histology and electron microscopy. e. cuniculi were observed within kidney collecting tubule cells. the ultrastructure and development of e. cuniculi in these cells was similar to that described in cultured cells and peritoneal macrophages. | 1981 | 6784368 |
| encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox--morphological identification of the parasite. | microsporidian organisms causing great losses among young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) were isolated and propagated in monolayer cell cultures and examined by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. the parasite was found to fulfil the criteria set up for the genus encephalitozoon and the ultrastructural findings indicated that the parasite was morphologically identical to encephalitozoon cuniculi previously isolated from some other mammalian species. terminal vesicles on the extruded pol ... | 1981 | 6789608 |
| susceptibility of selected inbred strains of mice to encephalitozoon cuniculi. | selected inbred strains of mice were examined for susceptibility to peritoneal infections with encephalitozoon cuniculi. marked differences in susceptibility and resistance among mouse strains were not controlled by loci within the mouse major histocompatibility (h-2) complex, but resistance in balb/c mice was influenced by a dominant gene(s) outside the h-2 complex. the lethality of peritoneal infections in hypothymic nude mice suggested that resistance to encephalitozoonosis is dependent on th ... | 1981 | 6792298 |
| infections with encephalitozoon cuniculi and leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds. | leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an american foxhound pup. the pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. none of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms ... | 1982 | 6800994 |
| histopathological lesions associated with encephalitozoon cuniculi (nosematosis) infection in a colony of wistar rats. | 1982 | 6810020 | |
| detection of antibodies to nosema cuniculi (protozoa : microscoporidia) in human and animal sera by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. | 1982 | 6810473 | |
| encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. comparison between the india-ink immuno-reaction and the indirect fluorescent antibody test in detecting encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies. | 1982 | 6810666 | |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and encephalitozoonosis in rabbits by carbon immunoassay. | examination of 90 laboratory rabbits by the carbon immunoassay using mixed toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi antigen, revealed 14 rabbits as positive to toxoplasma gondii and 22 to encephalitozoon cuniculi. cross reactions were not encountered. blood samples also were examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibody to toxoplasma gondii. there was complete correlation for positive and negative blood samples between the two tests. necropsy of 10 rabbits positive to tox ... | 1982 | 6815378 |
| experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. transplacental transmission of the parasite. | 1982 | 6816029 | |
| experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. neonatal exposure to the parasite. | 1982 | 6817627 | |
| experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. clinical, serological and pathological examinations of vixens after oral and intrauterine inoculation. | 1982 | 6820234 | |
| experimental encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. clinical and serological examinations of affected pups. | 1982 | 6820235 | |
| murine encephalitozoonosis model for studying the host-parasite relationship of a chronic infection. | encephalitozoon cuniculi caused chronic nonlethal infections in euthymic balb/cann mice, whereas athymic balb/cann-nu mice died from infection. specific, anamnestic, transferable, and acquired responses against e. cuniculi were expressed by infected euthymic mice. resistance to lethal disease appears to be t-cell dependent. immune serum failed to protect infected athymic mice, whereas the transfer of t-enriched spleen cells from e. cuniculi-sensitized euthymic donors prevented lethal e. cuniculi ... | 1983 | 6406368 |
| enhanced natural killer cell activity in experimental murine encephalitozoonosis. | spleen cells from mice infected with the protozoan parasite encephalitozoon cuniculi demonstrated enhanced in vitro cytolysis of yac-1 lymphoma cells. selective cell depletion experiments showed that the dominant cell population mediating cytolysis of yac-1 tumor cells expressed the characteristic phenotype of murine natural killer (nk) cells because (i) pretreatment of spleen cells with anti-asialo gm 1 antiserum plus complement abolished the cytotoxic activity; (ii) augmented cytolysis was fou ... | 1983 | 6408001 |
| diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in man by serological tests. | 1984 | 6423136 | |
| [human microsporidiosis--does it exist?]. | 1984 | 6427536 | |
| mechanisms of resistance to the intracellular protozoan encephalitozoon cuniculi in mice. | mechanisms of resistance to the obligate intracellular protozoan encephalitozoon cuniculi were studied in balb/c mice. resistance to lethal disease was t cell-dependent because transfer of t-enriched, but not t-depleted, spleen cells from sensitized balb/c donors would protect infected balb/c-nu mice. a modified focus-forming assay was utilized to measure effects on e. cuniculi infectivity in vitro. the results show that antibodies exert an opsonization effect and may block parasite entry into n ... | 1984 | 6434635 |
| comparison of tests for the diagnosis of spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. | the effectiveness of immunofluorescence, complement fixation, microagglutination serologic tests, intradermal skin test, and detection of histologic lesions were compared for use in diagnosis of spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. the india ink and microbead agglutination reactions were compared with immunofluorescence and complement fixation by testing 11 single or pooled sera. serologic tests correlated best with each other and less well with intradermal tests or presence of lesions. i ... | 1984 | 6434822 |
| antibody against encephalitozoon cuniculi in swedish homosexual men. | sera of 30 swedish homosexual men belonging to the group at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were examined for antibodies against various opportunistic parasites. antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in 33%, to pneumocystis carinii in 43%, and to toxoplasma gondii in 37%. the results indicate that e. cuniculi might be transmitted among homosexual men. | 1984 | 6442007 |
| encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | twenty-two cases of naturally occurring encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys are reported from breeding colonies of the delta regional primate research center, covington, la. characteristic foci of granulomatous inflammation and organisms were demonstrated in brains, kidneys, lungs, adrenals, and livers. vasculitis and perivasculitis were also common lesions in several organs. at least seven cases were congenital while ten others occurred in monkeys less than nine months old. granulomatous pl ... | 1985 | 3919491 |
| enhanced pulmonary natural killer cell activity during murine encephalitozoonosis. | experimental infection with the protozoan parasite encephalitozoon cuniculi induced an augmentation of pulmonary natural killer cell (nk) activity in c57bl/6 mice. enhanced clearance of 51cr-labelled yac-1 lymphoma cells peaked on day 4 of infection and returned to normal levels by the tenth day of infection. infected mice also demonstrated heightened resistance to pulmonary tumor formation compared to uninfected control mice following challenge with lung-homing b16f10 melanoma cells. | 1985 | 3920377 |
| encephalitozoonosis in a parrot. | encephalitozoon infection was diagnosed in a double yellow-headed amazon parrot, amazona ochrocephala. illness was characterized by respiratory distress, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss. this gram-positive organism was present in renal tubules, intestine, and lungs. ultrastructural features consisted of 5 polar filament coils and a single nucleus. organisms were contained within parasitophorous vacuoles in cytoplasm of the renal tubular epithelium. | 1985 | 3921504 |
| susceptibility of cats, sheep, and swine to a rabbit isolate of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | newborn cats, pigs, and sheep (3 to 14 days old) and postweanling cats (2.5 months old) that had been inoculated with gardner feline sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus at 10 days of age were infected experimentally with a rabbit isolate of the mammalian protozoan parasite encephalitozoon cuniculi. infection occurred in all cats and in some sheep, but was questionable in pigs. brain and kidney were the 2 major target organs in cats. the lesions were compatible with, but less severe than, tho ... | 1985 | 3923875 |
| head tilt in rabbits caused by pasteurellosis and encephalitozoonosis. | rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) of non-dwarf (group a) and dwarf (group b) strains showing a common clinical sign of head tilt (torticollis) were examined. with 1 exception, all rabbits of group a had otitis and empyema of either one or both middle ears. pasteurella multocida was isolated from pus and from the nose of all but 1 of these rabbits, and on occasion was also isolated from the brain. by contrast in all dwarf rabbits the presence of the protozoan encephalitozoon cuniculi was confirmed ... | 1985 | 3928964 |
| [infection of rabbits with encephalitozoon cuniculi]. | 1986 | 3082321 | |
| the immune response in a dog to encephalitozoon cuniculi infection. | the immune response to encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a dog was investigated by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the leucocyte migration inhibition test and the radial immunodiffusion test for serum igg and igm levels. specific antibodies were detected within 7 days of infection and they persisted for 370 days. a cell-mediated immune response was detected from day 13 following infection until day 97. histopathological examination showed plasma cell infiltration of the kidn ... | 1986 | 3083316 |
| [encephalitozoonosis in farm-bred arctic blue foxes (alopex lagopus)]. | occurrence of encephalitozoonosis in farm breeding of blue fox is described. fifty youngs of eight breeding females were infected, mortality was 88%. the main clinical symptoms of the disease were somnolence, ataxia, vision disorders, clonic spasms, at a protracted course also retarded growth. typical nonpurulent microgranulomata with occurrence of individual spores and cysts of encephalitozoon cuniculi were demonstrated in liver and central nervous system. further, diffusion interstitial nephri ... | 1986 | 3083563 |
| the infectivity of encephalitozoon cuniculi in vivo and in vitro. | the infectivity of encephalitozoon cuniculi grown in cell cultures was determined in cultured cells and in wild and domestic rabbits. the ratio of the total to tissue culture viable count was 1,300 (median of seven determinations). the mean ratio of intact spore count to total count, as determined by electron microscopy was 0.12. although variation between infectivity experiments was large, the median animal infective dose contained 51 ffu (cell culture focus-forming units) for wild rabbits (ory ... | 1986 | 3083616 |
| can encephalitozoon cuniculi cross the placenta? | laboratory rabbits and mice were challenged with encephalitozoon cuniculi at three different stages of gestation to determine whether the parasite crosses the placenta. no transplacental transmission could be demonstrated. | 1986 | 3085179 |
| the prevalence of encephalitozoonosis in danish farmed foxes. | the prevalence of encephalitozoonosis in danish farmed foxes variated between 3.0% and 73.8% with an average of 19.3%. the prevalence was at little higher in silver foxes than in blue foxes. it seemed, that the titers variated in relation to the sexual period with the maximum value in the oestrus. | 1986 | 3092182 |
| identification of toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi by immunoperoxidase techniques and electron microscopy, in stored, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. | 1986 | 3092604 | |
| humoral antibody response of rabbits to experimental infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi. | six female rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were experimentally infected intravenously with approximately 1.5 x 10(7) live spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi. head tilt was observed as the single clinical sign in only one of the six animals. antibody response was registered over 68 days postinfection using the indirect immunofluorescence test (ift) for igm and igg, and the carbon immunoassay (cia). igg titers reached a level of 160-2560 after a latent phase of 13-28 days, followed by a 2-4 week r ... | 1986 | 3095980 |
| histopathologic evaluation following chronic implantation of chromium and steel based metal alloys in the rabbit central nervous system. | histopathologic evaluation of three metal alloys for chronic implantation in the central nervous system (cns) was undertaken in rabbits. throughout the 8 month evaluation period the inflammatory response to the alloys was bland. two of the alloys tested (chromium based mp35n, trademark of the standard pressed steel company, and a stainless steel alloy, bg42 vacarc, trademark of latrobe steel) appeared suitable as cns implants. the third alloy (stainless steel 440c, carpenter steel company) showe ... | 1986 | 3097022 |
| observations on the pathology of experimental encephalitozoonosis in dogs. | experimental transmission of canine encephalitozoonosis was effected by oral dosing of urine obtained from naturally diseased animals. per os, intraperitoneal and intravenous routes were used to induce infection with tissue culture-grown encephalitozoon spores which were initially isolated from the kidney of a dog with terminal disease. the infection was confirmed by a rise in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody titres, the lesions found in infected dogs and isolation of the parasite in tiss ... | 1986 | 3097313 |
| evaluation of kidney function in dogs suffering from canine encephalitozoonosis by standard clinical pathological and radiopharmaceutical techniques. | canine encephalitozoonosis can be responsible for a severe renal disease in dogs which may develop into progressive, irreversible kidney failure. three pure-bred boxer littermates with confirmed encephalitozoonosis were subjected to sequential clinical pathological tests and renal biopsies. the endogenous serum creatinine and urea levels showed an initial temporary reduction but later increased steadily. the phenolsulphonphthalein retention test confirmed this end-stage renal disease. initial hy ... | 1986 | 3098975 |
| experimental encephalitozoonosis in neonatal dogs. | the in vivo infection of neonatal dogs by the microsporidian protozoan parasite, encephalitozoon cuniculi, was studied. microscopic examination of tissues from infected animals showed granulomatous nephritis, meningoencephalitis, hepatitis, and pneumonitis. a large component of the inflammatory infiltrate consisted of plasma cells and lymphocytes. in addition, hyperplasia of b-lymphocyte-dependent regions of lymph nodes and erythrophagocytosis were consistently seen in infected dogs. infected do ... | 1987 | 3107200 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi and its use in determination of infections in man. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in man, using spores derived from tissue culture as antigen. negligible cross-reactions were found with other microsporidia of vertebrate or of invertebrate origin and there was no cross-reaction with toxoplasma gondii, using elisa, immunoperoxidase or immunofluorescence staining. a high prevalence of antibodies to e. cuniculi was found in patients suffering from schistosomiasis, malaria and ne ... | 1987 | 3108830 |
| microsporidan hepatitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1987 | 3109297 | |
| brain and spinal cord lesions in encephalitozoonosis in blue foxes. transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies. | the brains and spinal cords from 3 young blue foxes suffering from acute to subacute encephalitozoonosis, were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. parasitophorous vacuoles (pv) were demonstrated more frequently in vascular smooth muscular cells than in endothelial cells. the present study also indicated that the parasite has great affinity for neurons, including their processes. in addition, pv occurred in macrophages and probably also in intravascular monocytes. pv were r ... | 1987 | 3115059 |
| brain and spinal cord lesions in encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox. | 1987 | 3120524 | |
| [encephalitozoon cuniculi in a rabbit-breeding colony]. | a case of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a rabbitry is reported. after the introduction of new rabbits in 1984, problems arose accompanied by serious losses among rabbits of all ages. affected animals showed muscular weakness, emaciation, polydipsia and polyuria and died within various periods. some of the affected animals also showed neurological symptoms. when two animals were examined at autopsy lesions typical of encephalitozoonis were observed: small granulomas in the brain and chron ... | 1987 | 3125627 |
| microsporidia of mammals--widespread pathogens or opportunistic curiosities? | the microsporidia are primitive eukaryotic parasites - well known in some invertebrates and in fish, and increasingly recognized in mammals. one species, encephalitozoon cuniculi is widespread in rodents, lagomorphs and carnivores and has been reported in human and non-human primates. but although clinical expressions of e. cuniculi infections are well substantiated in carnivores, evidence for its pathogeniciry in primates is less clear. indeed, serological evidence suggests that latent infectio ... | 1987 | 15462979 |
| immunologic and clinicopathologic evaluation of adult dogs inoculated with encephalitozoon cuniculi. | beagle dogs inoculated intravenously with 1.75 x 10(9) viable encephalitozoon cuniculi spores at 12.5 months of age were monitored for 18 months to assess infection in the adult dog. parameters monitored included packed cell volume, total and differential leukocyte counts, and humoral and cellular responses to infection. immunoglobulin m and g antibodies directed against the parasite tegument were present throughout the 18 months. peripheral blood monocytes treated with lymphokines, either antig ... | 1988 | 3128580 |
| the relationship in dogs between primary renal disease and antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. | fifty-two serum samples from dogs with primary renal failure were tested for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. twelve were positive as compared to two positive samples from a control group of 42 dogs. there was a statistically significant difference between these two groups which suggests an association between infection with e. cuniculi and the development of chronic renal disease. | 1988 | 3129561 |
| birefringent spores differentiate encephalitozoon and other microsporidia from coccidia. | tissue sections containing protozoa with birefringent spores indicate an infection by microsporidia. hematoxylin and eosin (he) does not affect spore birefringence, but some special stains (goodpasture, brown and brenn, or gram) obscure it. encephalitozoon cuniculi from an infected puppy, glugea stephani from the winter flounder pseudopleuronectes americanus, and plistophora sp. from the japanese eel anguilla japonica all have birefringent spores. encephalitozoon was studied first and then the t ... | 1988 | 3134761 |
| dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot elisa) for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. | a dot-elisa procedure was developed to detect antibodies against encephalitozoon cuniculi. sera from 84 rabbits, 22 dogs, 18 squirrel monkeys and 200 mice were tested by dot-elisa and most also were tested by immunofluorescence. comparison of the two tests showed that there was excellent agreement of the results (kappa values greater than or equal to 0.74) in all four species. dot-elisa is a simple, quantitative, rapid alternative to immunofluorescence when large numbers of serum samples must be ... | 1988 | 3143028 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in mrl/mpj-lpr (lymphoproliferation) mice. | experiments were conducted to determine (a) whether mice bearing the single autosomal recessive gene lpr (lymphoproliferation) are more susceptible to encephalitozoonosis than syngeneic mice without the lpr gene and (b) whether infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi in autoimmune mrl/mpj mice accelerates and/or exacerbates the development of hypergammaglobulinemia, a manifestation of encephalitozoonosis in dogs and foxes. the results suggested that the lpr gene does not influence susceptibility ... | 1988 | 3146668 |
| the influence of encephalitozoon cuniculi on neural tissue responses to implanted biomaterials in the rabbit. | laboratory rabbits are commonly used for testing the tissue response of neural device biomaterials. rabbits of many colonies in the u.s. are infected by the intracellular microsporidian parasite, encephalitozoon cuniculi, with rates of infection ranging from 15 to 76% (1). several authors have suggested that infection by this parasite may alter immune system response and experimental results. we report that infection by e. cuniculi made the interpretation of results more difficult and altered th ... | 1988 | 3146669 |