Publications

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alcoholic fermentation by aspergillus flavus, brefeld. 192816744168
studies on antibacterial products formed by molds: i. aspergillic acid, a product of a strain of aspergillus flavus. 194316560651
studies on aspergillus flavus: i. biological properties of crude and purified aspergillic acid. 194316560655
strain specificity and production of antibiotic substances: ii. aspergillus flavus-oryzae group. 194316578091
studies on aspergillus flavus: ii. the production and properties of a penicillin-like substance-flavacidin. 194416560763
a preliminary note on the antibacterial substance from aspergillus flavus. 194521007606
an antifungal substance from a strain of aspergillus flavus. 194616561224
an antifungal substance from a strain of aspergillus flavus. 194620274700
some aspects of penicillin production by aspergillus nidulans. 194720264542
penicillin production by the aspergillus nidulans group. 194720264543
production of aspergillic acid by surface cultures of aspergillus flavus. 194720266341
studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: the molecular constitution of geodin and erdin, two chlorine-containing metabolic products of aspergillus terreus thom; possible structural formulae for geodin and erdin. 194720266532
detection of acetic acid in a niger growing on a glucose medium. 194720269864
a parasitic aspergillus on mealybugs. 194720271903
a study of the action of purified amylase from aspergillus oryzae, taka-amylase. 194720272106
production of aspergillic acid by surface cultures of aspergillus flavus. 194716561371
a reinvestigation of flavacidin, the penicillin produced by aspergillus flavus. 194818889943
the penicillins produced by aspergillus flavus. 194818933904
structural investigation of hydroxyaspergillic acid, an antibiotic substance produced by aspergillus flavus. 194818933937
[formation of riboflavin in the mycetin of aspergillus flavus in its culture on a filtrate of cereal wash]. 195015412607
the production of beta-nitropropionic acid by a strain of aspergillus flavus. 195114824156
proteolytic enzymes of microorganisms; evaluation of proteinases produced by molds of the aspergillus flavus-oryzae group in submerged culture. 195212997246
[kojic acid, the active principle of media of culture of aspergillus flavus oryzae]. 195313033365
synthesis of oligosaccharides during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose by aspergillus flavus. 195413165691
enzyme systems in aspergillus flavus. i. phosphomonoesterases and inorganic pyrophosphatases. 195414380191
the amino acid metabolism of aspergillus flavus. 195613319630
studies on the effects of subzero temperatures on the viability of spores of aspergillus flavus. i. the effect of rate of warming.1. the survival of spores of aspergillus flavus suspended in distilled water and cooled rapidly to -70 to -75 degrees c. was found to depend primarily on the rate of subsequent warming of the frozen suspension. only 7 per cent of the spores germinated following slow warming at 0.9 degrees c. per minute, whereas about 75 per cent germinated following rapid warming at 700 degrees c. per minute. 2. viability was dependent on the rate at which the suspensions warmed from -70 to 0 degrees c. (subzero ...195613346041
mycotic endocarditis of the tricuspid valve due to aspergillus flavus; report of a case. 195613354096
pyridine nucleotide specificities and rates of formation of glucose-6-phosphate and of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in aspergillus flavus-oryzae. 195713403699
[aspergillus flavus link 1809 isolated from the urine of a patient]. 195713457963
[morphological peculiarities of a strain of aspergillus flavus link 1809 isolated from urine]. 195713498540
aspergillic acid; an antibiotic substance produced by aspergillus flavus. 195813549463
[measurement of the anti-proteolytic activity of sera against of protease of aspergillus flavus]. 195813608186
an antibiosis study of aspergillus flavus-oryzae. 195913673175
cultural conditions influencing nitrate formation by aspergillus flavus. 196014443026
deep mycotic involvement of the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, the orbit and adjacent structures. case report evaluating the use of mycostatin locally and amphotericin b (fungizone) intravenously against aspergillus flavus. 196013831358
deep mycotic involvement of the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, the orbit and adjacent structures. case report evaluating the use of mycostatin locally and amphotericin b (fungizone) intravenously against aspergillus flavus. 196013843849
degradation of rutin by aspergillus flavus. purification and characterization of rutinase. 196113905544
preparation and properties of the endotoxins of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus. 196113921233
formation of nitrite and nitrate by actinomycetes and fungi.hirsch, p. (cornell university, ithaca, new york), l. overrein, and m. alexander. formation of nitrite and nitrate by actinomycetes and fungi. j. bacteriol. 82:442-448. 1961.-nitrite was produced by strains of mycobacterium, nocardia, streptomyces, micromonospora, and streptosporangium in media containing ammonium phosphate as the sole nitrogen source. the quantity of nitrite formed was small, and the concentration was affected by ph and by the relative levels of carbon and nitrogen. aspergillus ...196113714587
[yeasts aspergillus flavus as active producers of proteolytic enzymes]. 196113750859
degradation of rutin by aspergillus flavus. factors affecting production of the enzyme system. 196113784624
[morphological observations on the growth of aspergillus flavus in submerged culture]. 196114039693
hepatotoxic action of chromatographically separated fractions of aspergillus flavus extracts. 196213989566
nitrification by aspergillus flavus.marshall, k. c. (cornell university, ithaca, n. y.) and m. alexander. nitrification by aspergillus flavus. j. bacteriol. 83:572-578. 1962.-aspergillus flavus has been shown to produce bound hydroxylamine, nitrite, and nitrate when grown in peptone, amino acid, or buffered ammonium media. free hydroxylamine was not detected in these cultures, but it was found in an unbuffered ammonium medium in which neither nitrite nor nitrate was formed. evidence was obtained for the presence of beta-nitropropi ...196214470254
aspergillus flavus and turkey x disease. toxic metabolites of aspergillus flavus. 196214479064
detection of aspergillus flavus in soil by immunofluorescent staining.strains of aspergillus flavus grown in soil in the presence of buried slides could be detected on the slides by fluorescent antibody techniques. staining with a. flavus antiserum labeled with fluorescein, followed by examination with fluorescence microscopy revealed characteristic fluorescence at sites of distribution of the homologous fungus. the specificity of the reaction and the absence of nonspecific absorption of antibody to soil materials suggest that the method may be useful in studying ...196214498702
[food contamination by aspergillus flavus]. 196313993852
aflatoxin b2: chemical identity and biological activity.aflatoxin b(2), a blue-fluorescent metabolite of aspergillus flavus, was isolated from cultures grown on crushed wheat. chemical structure of the compound was elucidated as dihydroaflatoxin b(1). biological activity was determined in day-old male white pekin ducklings. the criteria of activity were reduction in growth and liver size and the extent of bile-duct hyperplasia.196314072177
toxin-producing aspergillus isolated from domestic peanuts.nine species of fungi isolated from stored domestic peanuts were grown in the laboratory on sterilized peanuts and were incorporated into diets fed to ducklings. symptoms of acute toxicity resulted only after consumption of one of the diets and this one contained material incubated with the fungus, aspergillus flavus link ex fries.196314077036
toxin from aspergillus flavus: production on food materials of a substance causing tremors in mice.a strain of aspergillus flavus produces, on foodstuffs, a substance which causes tremors and convulsions when administered to mice and certain other animals. the tremorgen, which differs from other recognized toxins attributed to this species, is associated with a distinct, dark spot on thin-layer chromatograms viewed under ultraviolet light.196414107473
mycotoxins: aflatoxin isolated from penicillium puberulum.penicillium puberulum bainer was found growing on a sample of moldy peanuts. it also grows on shredded wheat, potatoes, and laboratory culture media such as wort, potato dextrose, and sabouraud agars, and synthesizes aflatoxin on these substrates. thin-layer chromatograms of the chloroform-soluble toxin produced by the mold when grown on shredded wheat show fluorescent bands with r(f) values identical with those of the fractions b(1), b(2), g(1), and g(2) of the toxin produced by aspergillus fla ...196414172637
[inhibition of compensatory liver hypertrophy in the rat by aspergillus flavus toxins]. 196414196824
histopathologic lesions in ducklings caused by aspergillus flavus cultures, culture extracts, and crystalline aflatoxins. 196414216995
[analysis of hepatic lesions of the young duck treated with peanut extracts contaminated with aspergillus flavus]. 196414223200
[apropos of an epidemic of the enterohepatic syndrome caused by aspergillus flavus, occurring on a mink ranch]. 196414290061
beta-nitropropionic acid and nitrite in relation to nitrate formation by aspergillus flavus. 196414306555
[pathologic consequences of food infested with aspergillus flavus]. 196514294782
feeding of ferrets with the raw meat and liver of chickens chronically poisoned with toxic groundnut meal.chickens were fed a ration containing 30 per cent of toxic groundnut meal for up to six weeks. the concentration of aflatoxin (toxic metabolites of aspergillus flavus) in the above ration was 3.06 p.p.m. at the end of 2nd, 4th or 6th week the birds were killed. the meat was removed from the bones and put through a meat grinder. the livers of three groups were pooled together. three control groups of birds kept on commercial pellets were treated similarly. female ferrets, two years of age, were u ...196514295993
the effect of feeding toxic groundnut meal to chickens on oxidized pyridine nucleotides levels of liver and serum.the extinction coefficient at 260 mmicro (e(260)) of the acid extracts of liver homogenates and sera of chickens were measured during six weeks of feeding with a ration containing 30 per cent groundnut meal contaminated with toxic metabolites of aspergillus flavus. the data indicated a significant depression of e(260) values of liver extracts following two weeks of consumption of the toxic ration. this lowered value returned to within the normal range after four weeks of feeding and remained at ...196514230910
[pathological consequences of foods infested by "aspergillus flavus"]. 196514264492
effect of aflatoxin b(1) on cell cultures.gabliks, j. (massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge), w. schaeffer, l. friedman, and g. wogan. effect of aflatoxin b(1) on cell cultures. j. bacteriol. 90:720-723. 1965.-aflatoxin b(1), a metabolite of the mold aspergillus flavus, is toxic to cell cultures. the toxic effect is evidenced by an inhibition of growth followed by progressive granulation, rounding, and finally sloughing of the cells from the glass. in studies with embryonated eggs, duck embryos were found to be four to five ...196516562072
the transformation and resolution of 8-aza steroids by fungi.1. when (+/-)-8-aza-d-homo-oestrone 3-methyl ether was added to a culture of aspergillus ochraceus, the laevo-rotatory enantiomer is reduced to a 17a alcohol. thus (+/-)-8-aza-d-homo-oestrone 3-methyl ether has been resolved into both its components, the laevo-rotatory enantiomer being obtained by chromic acid oxidation of the alcohol, and the dextro-rotatory enantiomer as residual precursor from the fermentation. 2. fungi have been found to demethylate the 3-methyl ethers of 8-aza steroids to t ...196516749095
aflatoxins: environmental factors governing occurrence in spanish peanuts.aflatoxins are absent from freshly harvested peanuts although aspergillus flavus infest most of the kernels from pods having visible openings. microbial competition, governed by kernel moisture, limits aflatoxin content of kernels. the toxins are subject to microbial breakdown but the amount broken down is governed by initial aflatoxin concentration.196517748123
[hepatoma occurring in animals following the ingestion of peanut feed or of cereals contaminated by fungi and especially aspergillus flavus]. 19654285680
the role of beta-alanine in the biosynthesis of nitrate by aspergillus flavus. 19655296355
specificity of immunofluorescent staining for study of aspergillus flavus in soil.fluorescein-labeled antiserum prepared with aspergillus flavus strain cs was tested for specificity by staining fungi grown in soil in the vicinity of buried slides. all 14 strains of a. flavus fluoresced as intensely or nearly as intensely as the antigen control. among 21 isolates of species of aspergillus other than a. flavus, 17 reacted with moderate to low fluorescence at intensities readily distinguishable from that of a. flavus. the fluorescence of the remaining four cultures, and particul ...19655325934
pathogenicity of aspergillus flavus link to musca domestica nebulo fabricius. 19655848798
field observations on conditions conducive to the contamination of groundnuts with the mould. aspergillus flavus. link ex fries. 19655853117
variations inth the cultural characteristics of rhizoctonia solani, and its antagonists: aspergillus terreus and aspergillus flavus occurring in the rhizosphere of cotton. 19655877017
role of 3-nitropropanoic acid in nitrate formation by aspergillus flavus.doxtader, k. g. (cornell university, ithaca, n.y.), and m. alexander. role of 3-nitropropanoic acid in nitrate formation by aspergillus flavus. j. bacteriol. 91:1186-1191. 1966.-aspergillus flavus formed nitrate, 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-npa), kojic acid, and a substance tentatively identified as n-formyl-n-hydroxy-glycine during growth in a medium with ammonium as sole nitrogen source. the concentration of the nitro compound reached a maximum prior to the appearance of nitrate; the 3-npa level ...19665929750
spicaria rileyi (farlow) charles and aspergillus flavus link, entomogenous fungi of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), in indiana and wisconsin. 19665948338
toxic factors of mould origin.the chemistry and effects of mycotoxins associated with human and animal foodstuffs are reviewed. the aflatoxins, metabolites of aspergillus flavus, have been implicated in fatal diseases of farm stock fed on infected peanut cake. muscarine and the phalloidins are the causative agents in mushroom poisoning. lysergic acid alkaloids are involved in ergotism. "yellow rice" toxicity arises from infection with penicillium islandicum, the active principles being islanditoxin and luteoskyrin. various s ...19665948367
biotin and fatty acid biogenesis in aspergillus flavus. 19665964093
[the toxicity of malt seeds containing aspergillus flavus]. 19665966800
aflatoxin production and degradation by aspergillus flavus in 20-liter fermentors.yields of from 200 to 300 mg per liter of aflatoxins b(1) and g(1) were produced by two strains of aspergillus flavus in 20-liter fermentors under proper conditions of inoculum (well-dispersed growth) and aeration (0.5 volume per volume per min of air, 300 rev/min, 30 psi back pressure, baffles). peak yields were usually attained in 72 hr, after which the aflatoxin concentration declined rapidly. degradation of aflatoxin depended primarily on mycelial lysis and high-aeration conditions. cultures ...19665970470
production of aflatoxins b1 and g1 by aspergillus flavus in a semisynthetic medium.isolates of aspergillus flavus produced 0.2 to 63 mg of aflatoxins b(1) and g(1) per 100 ml in a nutrient solution consisting of 20% sucrose and 2% yeast extract. various factors influencing the fermentation were studied. the maximal amount of toxin was produced by atcc culture 15548 in 1-liter flasks containing 100 ml of medium incubated as stationary cultures for 6 days at 25 c.19665970823
production of aflatoxin on rice.a method has been developed for the production of aflatoxin by growing aspergillus flavus strain nrrl 2999 on the solid substrate rice. optimal yields, more than 1 mg of aflatoxin b(1) per g of starting material, were obtained in 5 days at 28 c. a crude product containing aflatoxins was isolated by chloroform extraction and precipitation with hexane from concentrated solutions. the crude product consisted of 50% aflatoxin in the following ratio: b(1)-b(2)-g(1)-g(2), 100:0.15:0.22:0.02. aflatoxin ...19665970829
aflatoxin production by isolates of aspergillus flavus. 19665980345
toxins other than aflatoxins produced by aspergillus flavus. 19665327762
aflatoxin formation by aspergillus flavus. 19665342522
[on sensitivity to purothionine in a strain of aspergillus flavus]. 19664227865
biological breakdown of benzylpenicillin by preformed mats of penicillin-producing organisms.1. penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus flavus degraded benzylpenicillin in the same way. 2. degradation of the antibiotic was initiated by the cleavage of phenylacetic acid from 6-aminopenicillanic acid. 3. phenylacetic acid was left unchanged whereas 6-aminopenicillanic acid was degraded into cysteine and valine. this reaction is probably complex. 4. cysteine was not utilized but valine was cleaved into acetone and glycine. catabolism of valine by the preformed mats of the two moulds confir ...196616742463
effect of aeration on growth and aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus in submerged culture.aspergillus flavus atcc 15517 produced up to 212 mg per liter of total aflatoxin in submerged culture in aerated (3,000, 6,000, 9,000, and 12,000 ml/min) and agitated medium in 14-liter fermentors with 10 liters of medium consisting of 2% yeast extract and 10% sucrose. aflatoxin production increased with time. a maximum of 212 mg/liter was produced at 9,000 ml/min aeration, whereas the yield decreased substantially at the lower aeration rates. two other strains of a. flavus synthesized aflatoxin ...196616349672
aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus as related to various temperatures.two aflatoxin-producing isolates of aspergillus flavus were grown for 5 days on wort media at 2, 7, 13, 18, 24, 29, 35, 41, 46, and 52 c. maximal production of aflatoxins occurred at 24 c. maximal growth of a. flavus isolates occurred at 29 and 35 c. the ratio of the production of aflatoxin b(1) to aflatoxin g(1) varied with temperature. aflatoxin production was not related to growth rate of a. flavus; one isolate at 41 c, at almost maximal growth of a. flavus, produced no aflatoxins. at 5 days, ...196716349720
limiting temperature and humidity for production of aflatoxin by aspergillus flavus in peanuts. 19674861842
[a mold of great current biological interest, aspergillus flavus link]. 19674863303
effect of glucose on the oxidation of beta-nitropropionic acid by aspergillus flavus.the rate of oxidation of beta-nitropropionic acid (bnp) to nitrate by replacement cultures of aspergillus flavus was linear. for each micromole of bnp assimilated, 1 mumole of nitrate was detected. bnp was readily oxidized at ph 3.8, but not at ph 6.8. in the presence of glucose, nitrate was not detected until after all of the glucose had been utilized. the effect of glucose is attributed to its inhibition of bnp uptake and also to its role as an electron donor for a nitrate reductase.19676027999
aflatoxin-producing potential of isolates of the aspergillus flavus-oryzae group from peanuts (arachis hypogaea).seventy-eight samples of farmer stock peanuts, representing peanuts grown in nine different geographical areas during 1964, were assayed for aflatoxin and examined for associated microflora. only two samples contained more than 50 ppb of aflatoxin. infestation by members of the aspergillus flavus-oryzae group varied from 35 to 100% of the kernels per area and from 1 to 100% of the kernels per sample. aflatoxin production by individual isolates ranged from 0 to 349,143 ppb under the test conditio ...19676031427
production of aflatoxin on wheat and oats: measurement with a recording densitometer.a method has been developed for the production of aflatoxin by growing aspergillus flavus nrrl 3145 on solid substrate wheat. optimal yields of 900 mug of aflatoxin g(1) and 900 mug of aflatoxin b(1) per g of substrate were obtained in 4 to 5 days at 28 c. a study of aflatoxin production on hulls and groats of oats and on whole oats by a. flavus strains nrrl 2999, nrrl 3000, and nrrl 3145 revealed that aflatoxin was produced on all three substrates, although production was very slight on hulls. ...19676031432
microflora of black and red pepper.dilution cultures of 30 samples of ground black pepper yielded an average of 39,000 colonies of fungi per g, with a range of 1,700 to 310,000 per g. total numbers of colonies of bacteria from 11 samples averaged 194,000,000 per g, with a range from 8,300,000 to 704,000,000 per g. a variety of fungi grew from nearly all surface-disinfected whole peppercorns that were cultured. thirteen samples of ground red pepper from the united states yielded an average of 1,600 colonies of storage fungi per g ...19676035055
limiting temperature and relative humidity for growth and production of aflatoxin and free fatty acids by aspergillus flavus in sterile peanuts. 19676041385
experimental study of the pathogenicity of aspergilli for mice.the relative virulence was determined for 14 species of aspergilli, by inoculating normal mice intravenously with graded doses of spores. eleven were found to possess some degree of virulence, whereas three others were avirulent. members of the aspergillus flavus group were the only species that consistently killed mice with doses as low as 10(4) viable spores. when the in vivo fate of spores was compared for a virulent and an avirulent strain of aspergillus, spores of the latter were cleared ra ...19676051365
formation of aflatoxin in cheddar cheese by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus. 19676059382
influence of atmospheric gases on aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus in peanuts. 19676075677
[studies on the pathogenic effects of aspergillus flavus on geese]. 19676076546
[isolation from aspergillus flavus of a protease complex similar to "pronase"]. 19675603174
[selection of aconidial races of aspergillus flavus, synthesizing proteolytic enzymes]. 19675621072
[research on toxin production by aspergillus flavus]. 19675622141
a botran-amended medium for isolating aspergillus flavus from peanuts and soil. 19675622316
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