Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a note on lameness in cattle grazing on tall meadow fescue (festuca arundinacea) in south australia. | 1950 | 15420120 | |
| population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of sod-based rotations in cecil sandy loam. | in a 6-year study of four nematode species in sod-based corn (zea mays) rotations, population densities varied with different cropping systems. continuous corn, with or without a winter rye (secale cereale) or vetch (vicia villosa) cover, favored an increase of pratylenchus zeae and suppressed trichodorus christiei, helicotylenchus dihystera, and xiphinema americanum. a four-year sod-based rotation (3 years sod, 1 year corn) of 'coastal' bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) and fescue (festuca arundi ... | 1969 | 19325691 |
| mode of chromosome pairing in the polyhaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. 2n=42). | 1970 | 5518437 | |
| photosynthetic co(2) fixation products and activities of enzymes related to photosynthesis in bermudagrass and other plants. | after a 5-second exposure of illuminated bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon l. var. ;coastal') leaves to (14)co(2), 84% of the incorporated (14)c was recovered as aspartate and malate. after transfer from (14)co(2)-air to (12)co(2)-air under continuous illumination, total radioactivity decreased in aspartate, increased in 3-phosphoglyceric acid and alanine, and remained relatively constant in malate. carbon atom 1 of alanine was labeled predominantly, which was interpreted to indicate that alanine w ... | 1971 | 16657595 |
| induction of fescue foot syndrome in cattle by fractionated extracts of toxic fescue hay. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb) hay from a source known to cause "fescue foot" in grazing cattle was extracted with 80% ethanol. the ethanolic extract was further refined and fractionated into cation,nion, and neutral f fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. the cation fraction was partitioned with alkaline-chloroform to give chloroform-extractable cation and residual cation fractions. all fractions plus the crude ethanolic extract were assayed for toxic activity by intraperitoneal in ... | 1975 | 1163875 |
| rumen bacterial degradation of forage cell walls investigated by electron microscopy. | the association of rumen bacteria with specific leaf tissues of the forage grass kentucky-31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) during in vitro degradation was investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. examination of degraded leaf cross-sections revealed differential rates of tissue degradation in that the cell walls of the mesophyll and pholem were degraded prior to those of the outer bundle sheath and epidermis. rumen bacteria appeared to degrade the mesophyll, in s ... | 1975 | 16350017 |
| the effect of light and temperature on the growth of two subtropical and two temperate grass species. | the effect of light intensity and temperature on the growth of young plants of two temperate (lolium perenne, festuca arundinacea) and two subtropical (lolium rigidum, bromus unioloides) grass species was studied in the northern part of the gdr under open-air conditions. it was found that the subtropical species reacted highly sensitive to changes in the two environmental factors and showed absolutely higher growth performance during the summer as compared with the temperate species. the multipl ... | 1976 | 985302 |
| ultrastructural damage due to freezing followed by thawing in shoot meristem and leaf mesophyll cells of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | tillers of festuca arundinacea schreb. were subjected to-8°c in a bath of methylated spirits for three-quarters of an hour. they were thawed at room temperature and some material taken from the shoot apical meristem and leaf blade for electron microscopy. similar material was taken from control plants for electron microscopy. nine tillers subjected to-8°c and thawed subsequently failed to regrow. nine control tillers regrew. all the treated meristem cells and about half the treated leaf mesophyl ... | 1977 | 24419695 |
| ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase: altered genetic expression in tall fescue. | a decaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) genotype has been found which exhibits net photosynthetic rates of 32 to 41 mg co(2)/dm(2).hour as opposed to a mean of 22 mg co(2)/dm(2).hour for 10 hexaploid genotypes. the decaploid genotype exhibited a ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase specific activity 1.3- to 2-fold higher than typical tall fescue genotypes. specific activities of photorespiratory enzymes and nitrate reduction enzymes were lower in the decaploid than the hexap ... | 1977 | 16659784 |
| photosynthesis of grass species differing in carbon dioxide fixation pathways : vi. differential effects of temperature and light intensity on photorespiration in c(3), c(4), and intermediate species. | the effects of temperature and photosynthetically active radiation levels on photorespiration were investigated in panicum milioides nees ex trin. and panicum schenckii hack., species known to have low photorespiration rates and other characteristics intermediate between c(3) and c(4) species. comparisons were made with the c(3) grass species tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). an increase in temperature from 20 to 35 c raised photorespiration from 7.3 to 10.2 milligrams per square decime ... | 1980 | 16661473 |
| photosynthesis in grass species differing in carbon dioxide fixation pathways: iii. oxygen response and enzyme activities of species in the laxa group of panicum. | measurements of co(2) exchange at varying o(2) concentrations in seven grass species of the laxa group of panicum and activities of five photosynthetic enzymes were compared to values obtained for these characters in a cool season c(3) grass, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and a c(4) grass, p. maximum jacq. plants were divided into three groups on the basis of the inhibition of apparent photosynthesis by 21% o(2.) rates of apparent photosynthesis in p. prionitis griseb. and p. maximum ... | 1980 | 16661133 |
| photosynthesis of grass species differing in carbon dioxide fixation pathways: iv. analysis of reduced oxygen response in panicum milioides and panicum schenckii. | reduced photorespiration has been reported in panicum milioides on the basis of lower co(2) compensation concentrations than in c(3) species, lower co(2) evolution in the light, and less response of apparent photosynthesis to o(2) concentration. the lower response to o(2) in p. milioides could be due to reduced o(2) competition with co(2) for reaction with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, to a reduced loss of co(2), or to an initial fixation of co(2) by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. experiments wer ... | 1980 | 16661187 |
| photosynthesis of grass species differing in carbon dioxide fixation pathways: v. response of panicum maximum, panicum milioides, and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) to nitrogen nutrition. | the response of apparent photosynthesis to n nutrition was studied in the c(3) grass, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), in the c(4) species panicum maximum jacq., and in panicum milioides nees ex trin., a species with characteristics intermediate between c(3) and c(4) photosynthetic types. plants were grown in culture solution containing 1, 5, 50, and 200 milligrams n per liter. apparent photosynthesis was measured on the youngest fully expanded leaves at 320 microliters of co(2) per li ... | 1980 | 16661403 |
| effects of extracts of toxic fescue given orally to rats. | fresh fescue (festuca arundinacea) was obtained from farms where toxicity was encountered in cattle grazing the fescue. the fescue was dried in a forced draft oven at 60 degrees c and then ground. the dry ground fescue was extracted with ether and then re-extracted with either 1% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3), sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. the residual ether was evaporated and the residue resuspended in ethyl alcohol diluted with water 1% (control) and 1 ml of the above extracts of fescue ... | 1981 | 6266622 |
| interaction of environmental temperature and anti-quality factors on the severity of summer fescue toxicosis. | two experimental strains of tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea schreb) that had previously been shown to produce differences in animal performance during the summer period were fed to holstein calves in temperature controlled rooms. in the first year, gi-306 (less toxic) and gi-307 (more toxic) tall fescues were fed during july in rooms maintained at 10 to 13, 21 to 23 and 34 to 35 c. in the second year, the same tall fescues and orchardgrass were fed at a high temperature during may (32 to ... | 1981 | 7263534 |
| successful crosses between festuca arundinacea schreb. and dactylis glomerata l. | five f1 plants have been obtained after extensive crossing between different ecotypes or varieties of festuca arundinacea schreb. and dactylis glomerata l. the success did not appear to depend on specific treatments (spraying with ε-aminocaproic acid or gibberellic acid or pre-pollination with killed pollen from the seed parent), but the crossability is limited to exceptional plants.f1 hybrids showed characteristics of both the parents. in four hybrids various developmental disturbances were obs ... | 1981 | 24276635 |
| photosynthesis in fescue : iii. rates of electron transport in a polyploid series of tall fescue plants. | photosystem i electron transport activity has been found to be considerably higher in a decaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) genotype as compared to a common hexaploid genotype. the decaploid genotype also displayed a higher photosystem whole chain (photosystem ii plus photosystem i uncoupled) activity, suggesting a connection between polyploidy and increased electron transport activity. however, when a polyploidy series of tall fescue, ranging from diploid to decaploid with sever ... | 1981 | 16662060 |
| photosynthesis in polyploid tall fescue : ii. photosynthesis and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase of polyploid tall fescue. | net photosynthesis on a leaf area and leaf weight basis increased significantly with ploidy in a 4x, 6x, 8x and 10x allopolyploid series of tail fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). total protein did not increase significantly with ploidy. rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitate ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) protein. rubpcase content, expressed on both a concentration basis and as a percentage of total protein increased significantly with ploidy in both field and ... | 1981 | 16662021 |
| ploidy effects on anatomy and gas exchange of tall fescue leaves. | a growth chamber study was designed to interpret differences in co(2) exchange rate (cer) and leaf diffusive resistance among 4x, 6x, 8x, and 10x ploidy levels of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea, schreb). mesophyll cell size, stomatal density, number of major and minor veins, and bundle cap size of leaf blades were evaluated. diffusive resistance tended to decrease and cer to increase with increasing ploidy level. mean stomatal density decreased from 43.6 per square millimeter to 30.6 per squar ... | 1981 | 16662020 |
| photosynthesis in fescue: i. high rate of electron transport and phosphorylation in chloroplasts of hexaploid plants. | chloroplasts isolated from tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., showed high rates of electron transport, comparable to rates observed for spinach chloroplasts.chloroplasts were well coupled and rates of electron transport from water to methyl viologen (photosystem ii and i) were increased two to five times when adp and inorganic phosphate or methylamine (uncoupler) were added to the reaction mixture. ratios of p:2e for photosystem ii plus i were found to be near 1.2. electron transport rate ... | 1981 | 16661751 |
| genetic variability of mineral concentrations in festuca arundinacea schreb. | nine randomly chosen clones of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were mated in all possible combinations to determine the nature of genetic variation for mg, ca, k, and p concentrations in a broad genetic base population. general combining ability mean squares were significant for most variables, whereas specific combining ability mean squares were not significant in most instances indicating that additive genetic variance was more important. genotype x year interactions were significant ... | 1981 | 24276330 |
| association of an endophytic fungus with fescue toxicity in steers fed kentucky 31 tall fescue seed or hay. | previous research has implicated an endophytic fungus as being associated with fescue toxicity (summer syndrome) in cattle grazing kentucky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures. hay and seed were harvested from kentucky 31 pastures known to be either fungus-free or heavily infested with an endophytic fungus identified as acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams. four diets containing either 60% fungus-free seed, 60% fungus-infested seed, 85% fungus-free hay or 85% fungus-in ... | 1982 | 7161201 |
| effects of ruminant digestion and metabolism on phenolic monomers of forages. | immature and mature lucerne (medicago sativa) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hays were analysed for their lignin and phenolic monomer (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) contents. these hays were given to four sheep with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulas, and to a steer with rumen and abomasal cannulas, to investigate the extent and sites of digestion of lignin and phenolic monomers. the hays and digesta samples were analysed for alkali and nitrobenzene-extractable phen ... | 1983 | 6639924 |
| alkaloids in ergot found on different gramineae in the netherlands. | the alkaloid content and the composition of the alkaloid complex of thirteen samples of ergot sclerotia from different gramineous host species collected in the netherlands were investigated. two samples collected in france were also examined. ergot of glyceria fluitans (l.) r.br. did not contain alkaloids. the total alkaloid content of ergot found on the other wild grasses was more than 0.2%. the ratio between the contents of water soluble and water insoluble alkaloids of the investigated ergot ... | 1983 | 6646990 |
| photosynthesis in tall fescue : iv. carbon assimilation pattern in two genotypes of tall fescue differing in net photosynthesis rates. | we previously reported that the net photosynthetic rate of a decaploid genotype (i-16-2) of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) was 32 to 41 versus 22 milligrams co(2) per square decimeter per hour in a hexaploid genotype (v6-802) (randall, nelson, asay plant physiol 59: 38-41). the high rate was later correlated with increases in total ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase protein (17%) and activity (27%) (joseph, randall, nelson plant physiol 68: 894-898). this report characterizes photo ... | 1983 | 16662951 |
| photosynthesis in tall fescue : v. analysis of high psi activity in a decaploid genotype. | previous work in our laboratory (krueger, miles 1981 plant physiol 68: 1110-1114) indicated that a decaploid genotype (i-16-2) of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) which exhibits unusually high net photosynthesis rates also had high potential rates of photosynthetic electron transport through photosystem i (psi) compared to the typical hexaploid genotype (v6-802). analysis of electron transport activity revealed that the oxidizing side of psi as the major site of difference. examination ... | 1984 | 16663968 |
| carbohydrate metabolism in leaf meristems of tall fescue : ii. relationship to leaf elongation rates modified by nitrogen fertilization. | our objective was to examine alterations in carbohydrate status of leaf meristems that are associated with nitrogen-induced changes in leaf elongation rates of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). dark respiration rates, concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, and soluble proteins were measured in leaf intercalary meristems and adjacent segments of elongating leaves. the two genotypes used differed by 43% in leaf elongation rate. application of high nitrogen (336 kilograms per hecta ... | 1984 | 16663466 |
| carbohydrate metabolism in leaf meristems of tall fescue : i. relationship to genetically altered leaf elongation rates. | the physiological bases for genetic differences in leaf growth rates were examined in two genotypes of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) selected for a 50% difference in leaf elongation rate. genotypes had similar dark respiration rates and concentrations of carbohydrate fractions in the leaf meristem and in each daily growth segment above the meristem. dark respiration rates and concentrations of nonreducing sugars, fructans, and takadiastase-soluble carbohydrates were highest in leaf i ... | 1984 | 16663465 |
| summer fescue toxicity in dairy steers fed tall fescue seed. | seeds of the tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb .) cultivars kentucky 31 and an experimental ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid derivative strain (g1-307), and orchard grass (og) seed were fed in a carrier diet to calves in controlled environmental rooms (31 to 32 c). both tall fescue varieties produced symptoms of summer toxicosis in dairy steers. total feed intake (p less than .01) and water intake (p less than .01) of calves were reduced by the tall fescue seed diets when compared with orcha ... | 1984 | 6735937 |
| toxic factors in tall fescue. | tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb .), a well adapted perennial grass grown in the transition zone of the u.s., frequently produces toxic symptoms and(or) reduced animal performance. specific syndromes associated with tall fescue include fescue foot, summer syndrome and fat necrosis. summer syndrome is related to high environmental temperatures rather than an increase of toxic compound(s) during the summer months. recent studies have related the summer syndrome to the presence of an endoph ... | 1984 | 6373703 |
| influence of aluminum as sulfate, chloride and citrate on magnesium and calcium metabolism in sheep. | three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effects of al as sulfate (so4), chloride (cl) and citrate on metabolism of al, mg, ca and serum concentrations of mg and ca. twelve wether lambs, equipped with rumen cannulas and blocked by breeding and weight, were allotted randomly to the following six treatments during each of three trials: 0, 1,000 and 2,000 pm al as so4 or cl; or 2,000 ppm al as citrate. treatments were administered in 200 ml of deionized water twice daily in divided d ... | 1984 | 6490555 |
| [survival of azospirillum in the rhizosphere of festuca arundinacea]. | in two experiments festuca seeds (4 or 20 seeds/pot in first or second experiment respectively) were inoculated with azospirillum strains (sp 7, mutant streptomycin resistant and g strain) in controlled laboratory conditions. two illumination regimes were employed (197 and 274 microe. m-2.s-1, respectively). sp 7 cell number was determined during both experiments. the total number of diazotrophic bacteria was also determined on different dates. in both experiments the control pots received the s ... | 1985 | 3870740 |
| hyperthermia in cattle associated with tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | 1985 | 16031156 | |
| insect feeding deterrents in endophyte-infected tall fescue. | the presence of an endophytic fungus, acremonium coenophialum, in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) deterred aphid feeding by rhopalosiphum padi and schizaphis graminum. both species of aphid were unable to survive when confined to endophyte-infected tall fescue plants. feeding deterrents and toxic factors to r. padi and oncopeltus fasciatus, large milkweed bug, were primarily associated with a methanol extract obtained when endophyte-infected tall fescue seed was serially extracted with hexane, ... | 1985 | 16346751 |
| influence of copper supplementation on blood and liver copper in cattle fed tall fescue or quackgrass. | copper concentrations were measured in naturally cu-deficient and cu-supplemented yearling hereford heifers fed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) or quackgrass (agropyron repens [l] beauv.) forage. the data were used to establish a relationship between dietary cu supplementation and accumulation of liver cu, and to test the influence of diet and cu supplementation on blood plasma cu and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity. dietary cu supplementation was positively correlated with accumulation ... | 1986 | 3957807 |
| selection for resistance to cochliobolus sativus in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | cochliobolus sativus (ito and kurib.) drechsl. ex dastur is a major foliar pathogen of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) which can greatly reduce the quantity and quality of forages available for animal consumption. a greenhouse screening program was initiated to determine the inheritance of resistance to c. sativus in tall fescue over several cycles of mass selection. resistance to c. sativus in four tall fescue cultivars was increased with 2-3 cycles of mass selection. realized heritab ... | 1986 | 24248204 |
| effects of fungal endophytes on the seed and seedling biology of lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea. | many grasses are infected by endophytic fungi that grow intercellularly in leaves, stems, and flowers and are transmitted maternally by hyphal growth into ovules and seeds. the seed biology and seedling growth of endophyte-infected and uninfected perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. the percentage of filled seeds produced by infected tall fescue was over twice of uninfected tall fescue; infected and ... | 1987 | 28311516 |
| assessment of spatial distribution of growth in the elongation zone of grass leaf blades. | knowledge about the spatial distribution of growth is essential for understanding the leaf growth process. in grasses the elongation zone is located at the base of the leaf blade and is enclosed by sheaths of older leaves. assessment of spatial growth distribution, therefore, necessitates use of a destructive method. we used a fine needle to make holes through bases of tillers at the location of the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), then measured the displacement ... | 1987 | 16665672 |
| the effect of feeding endophyte infected tall fescue seed on reproductive performance in female rats. | female sprague-dawley rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to diets containing mixtures of rat chow and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% infection levels of acremonium coenophialum to assess the effect of the diets on the reproductive potential of rats. rats fed 40% infected seed had decreased body weight, decreased mean percent body weight of uteri, failed to maintain normal estrous cycles and were unable to become pregnant. animals fed a diet of 20% i ... | 1987 | 2885129 |
| chloroplast dna variation in the grass tribe festuceae. | six grasses, hordeum sativum, dactylis glomerata, festuca arundinacea, f. pratensis, f. rubra and lolium multiflorum were subjected to chloroplast dna analysis based on restriction endonuclease digestion fragments and end labeling with (35)s nucleotides. this method is compared with others in general use. the results indicate that lolium multiflorum is closely affiliated with festuca pratensis and f. arundinacea; in fact much closer than f. rubra is to any of them. | 1987 | 24241665 |
| the effect of feeding tall fescue seed infected by acremonium coenophialum on pregnancy and parturition in female rats. | 1. female sprague-dawley rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to various dietary treatments containing: (1) 100% purina rodent chow, ad libitum; (2) same as 1, but restricted to daily intake of 7; (3) 50% rodent chow (w/w) and 50% endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed; (4) same as 3, but restricted to intake of 5; (5) 50% rodent chow, 25% endophyte-free tall fescue seed and 25% endophyte-infected (acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue seed; (6) 50% rodent chow, 12.5% en ... | 1988 | 2899007 |
| effects of endophyte-infected fescue on concentrations of prolactin in blood sera and the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine and dopamine metabolites in brains of steers. | an experiment was conducted to determine if the decrease in circulating concentrations of prolactin in cattle consuming endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) -infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) was associated with changes in prolactin concentrations in the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine (da) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (dopac) and homovanillic acid (hva) in the stalk median eminence (sme), preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus (hp). six crossbred s ... | 1988 | 3378927 |
| characterization of fructan from mature leaf blades and elongation zones of developing leaf blades of wheat, tall fescue, and timothy. | water-soluble carbohydrate composition of mature (ceased expanding) leaf blades and the elongation zone of developing leaf blades was characterized in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), and timothy (phleum pratense l.). these species were chosen because they differ in mean degree of polymerization (dp) of fructan in the mature leaf blade. our objective was to compare the nature and dp of the fructan. vegetative plants were grown with a 14-hour photoperiod an ... | 1988 | 16666465 |
| fructan content and synthesis in leaf tissues of festuca arundinacea. | the concentration of fructan in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) changes during growth and in response to environment. the objective of this research was to compare the fructan concentration and fructosyl-transferase activity of tall fescue leaf tissues. expanding leaves, inner and outer sheaths, and expanded blades of greenhouse-grown tall fescue plants were assayed for fructan concentration and fructosyl-transferase activity. leaf sheaths contained significantly more nonstructural car ... | 1988 | 16666062 |
| diurnal growth of tall fescue leaf blades : ii. dry matter partitioning and carbohydrate metabolism in the elongation zone and adjacent expanded tissue. | the spatial distributions of net deposition rates of water soluble carbohydrate-free dry matter (wsc-free dm) and wsc were evaluated within and above the elongation zone of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) leaf blades during light and darkness. imported dm used for wsc-free dm synthesis during darkness (67% of the total in experiment i and 59% in experiment ii) was greater than during light (47% in both experiments), suggesting that the 65% higher leaf elongation rate during darkness wa ... | 1988 | 16666034 |
| growth rates and assimilate partitioning in the elongation zone of tall fescue leaf blades at high and low irradiance. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) leaf blades elongated 33% faster at continuous low than at continuous high irradiance (60 versus 300 micromoles per second per square meter photosynthetic photon flux density) when temperature of the leaf elongation zone was held constant at 21 degrees c. increased rate of elongation was associated with a near proportional increase in length of the elongation zone (+38%). in contrast, growth in width and thickness was decreased at low irradiance, resulti ... | 1989 | 16666873 |
| environmental effects on photorespiration of c(3)-c(4) species : i. influence of co(2) and o(2) during growth on photorespiratory characteristics and leaf anatomy. | the possibility of altering co(2) exchange of c(3)-c(4) species by growing them under various co(2) and o(2) concentrations was examined. growth under co(2) concentrations of 100, 350, and 750 micromoles per mole had no significant effect on co(2) exchange characteristics or leaf anatomy of flaveria pringlei (c(3)), flaveria floridana (c(3)-c(4)), or flaveria trinervia (c(4)). carboxylation efficiency and co(2) compensation concentrations in leaves of f. floridana developed under the different c ... | 1989 | 16666846 |
| allelochemicals in tall fescue-abscisic and phenolic acids. | growth inhibitors that can be leached from excised leaves of tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea) were investigated as allelochemicals. leachates of desiccated rebel and kentucky 31 grass cultivars contained three principal inhibitory compounds, abscisic acid (aba), caffeic acid, andp-coumaric acid. after quantitative analysis, abscisic acid was determined to be the predominant inhibitor. a 10-fold increase in aba levels in leachates occurred after one day of desiccation. the concentration of ... | 1989 | 24272104 |
| importance of the development of veterinary toxicology in argentina. | the different types of toxic substances that affect farm animals in argentina are described. these substances include (a) toxic plants, such as solanum glaucophyllum, baccharis coridifolia, festuca arundinacea; (b) mycotoxins, such as zearalenone, tremorgenic mycotoxins, and ergoalkaloid; (c) trace elements, such as fluorine, copper, molybdenum, and arsenic; and (d) others, such as toxic algae and pesticides. the direct and indirect economic loss of farm animals associated with these toxic subst ... | 1989 | 2590495 |
| effects of nitrogen on mesophyll cell division and epidermal cell elongation in tall fescue leaf blades. | leaf elongation rate (ler) in grasses is dependent on epidermal cell supply (number) and on rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation. nitrogen (n) fertilization increases ler. longitudinal sections from two genotypes of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), which differ by 50% in ler, were used to quantify the effects of n on the components of epidermal cell elongation and on mesophyll cell division. rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation were determined by using a relationshi ... | 1989 | 16666581 |
| effects of feeding endophyte infected tall fescue seed on reproductive performance of female cd-1 mice via competitive breeding. | this study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected (acremonium coenophialum ) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea ) seed on the growth and reproductive performance of female cd-1 mice via competitive breeding. one hundred sixty female mice were randomly allocated to groups of ten and fed one of two diets. diet 1 consisted of 50% mouse chow and 50% noninfected ky-31 tall fescue seed (w/w). diet 2 contained 50% chow and 50% tall fescue seed that was 80% infected with a. c ... | 1989 | 16726569 |
| effects of the fungal endophyte acremonium coenophialum on nitrogen accumulation and metabolism in tall fescue. | infection by the fungal endophyte acremonium coenophialum affected the accumulation of inorganic and organic n in leaf blades and leaf sheaths of ky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grown under greenhouse conditions. total soluble amino acid concentrations were increased in either the blade or sheath of the leaf from infected plants. a number of amino acids were significantly increased in the sheath, but only asparagine increased in the blade. infection resulted in higher sheath nh(4 ... | 1990 | 16667341 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 4-methylimidazole in sheep plasma and in ammoniated tall fescue hay. | a method for 4-methylimidazole (4mi) extraction and quantitation in body fluids and forage samples was developed. the procedures involve ion-pair extraction of the compound with the quantitation done by ion-pair liquid chromatography. the results indicate that this high-performance liquid chromatographic method is sensitive, reproducible and more rapid than others that have been previously used. the mean recovery of 4mi from plasma and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hay samples were above 95 ... | 1990 | 2079523 |
| forage composition and intake by steers grazing vegetative regrowth in low endophyte tall fescue pasture. | a grazing trial was conducted with six half-sib yearling angus steers (average initial weight 281 kg) to quantitate nutrient composition and voluntary intake of vegetative regrowth forage in low-endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) kentucky-31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture. a new .6-ha section in each of two 3.0-ha pastures (three steers/pasture) was clipped to a 5-cm height on five consecutive days to establish a series of plots that could be grazed cont ... | 1990 | 2211414 |
| neuroendocrine measurements in steers grazed on endophyte-infected fescue. | dopamine (da), serotonin (5ht) and selected precursors and metabolites were measured in the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus and pineal gland, along with serum prolactin (prl) and average daily gains (adg), in steers (n = 6/group) grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected and noninfected fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb). paddocks (two/treatment) were designated 100f and 0f (100 and 0% infection, respectively). after 6 wk, three animals from one of the 100f paddocks were excha ... | 1990 | 2254203 |
| growth and reproductive performance of ewe lambs fed corn or soybean meal while grazing pasture. | in a 2-yr study a total of 120 suffolk and suffolk-cross ewe lambs, approximately 3 mo of age, were assigned within weight strata to one of three treatments: 1) control, pasture only (c), 2) .09 kg soybean meal/(hd.d) (sbm) plus pasture or 3) .45 kg whole shelled corn/(hd.) plus pasture to compare growth and reproductive performance and to determine lamb selectivity of forage quality and type. each year, supplements were offered from june through the 3rd wk in november. ewe lambs were managed as ... | 1990 | 2303397 |
| thiamin supplementation and the ingestive behavior of beef cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. | livestock grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) perform poorly due to tall fescue toxicosis, especially when animals are under heat stress. in order to determine whether thiamin promotes recovery from tall fescue toxicosis, 1 or 0 g of thiamin per day, as mononitrate, was fed orally to adult angus (bos taurus) cows (380 +/- 8 kg) grazing either tall fescue pasture with and without endophyte or alfalfa (medicago sativa ... | 1990 | 2365641 |
| detection of kestoses and kestose-related oligosaccharides in extracts of festuca arundinacea, dactylis glomerata l., and asparagus officinalis l. root cultures and invertase by c and h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | a previous study (kl forsythe, ms feather [1989] carbohydr res 185: 315-319) showed that (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect and identify mixtures of 1-kestose and neokestose after conversion to the acetate derivatives. in this study, unequivocal assignments are made for the anomeric carbon and proton signals for the above two trisaccharide acetates as well as for 6-kestose hendecaacetate and for nystose tetradecaacetate (a 1-kestose-derived tetrasaccharide). a nu ... | 1990 | 16667365 |
| meiotic and isozymic characterization of plants regenerated from euploid and selfed monosomic tall fescue embryos. | tissue culture of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb., 2n=6x=42) would be enhanced by improving the callus induction and plant regeneration efficiency, and evaluating the meiotic and isozymic variation induced by culture. mature embryos were cultured from four lines of kenhy tall fescue and from the progeny of three selfed monosomics. evaluation of six media-auxin combinations showed callus initiation was greatest on sh medium with 2.5 mg/l 2,4,5-t or 7.4 mg/l pcpa, while plant regeneration ... | 1990 | 24226117 |
| intergeneric somatic hybridization in gramineae: somatic hybrid plants between tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) protoplasts, inactivated by iodoacetamide, and non-morphogenic italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) protoplasts, both derived from suspension cultures, were electrofused and putative somatic hybrid plants were recovered. two different genotypic fusion combinations were carried out and several green plants were regenerated in one of them. with respect to plant habitus, leaf and inflorescence morphology, the regenerants had phenotypes intermediate be ... | 1991 | 1753939 |
| avian seed preference and weight loss experiments: the effect of fungal endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds. | the impact of endophytic fungus-infected seeds on seed predators is poorly understood. in this multiple trophic level investigation, seed preference experiments were conducted to determine whether five species of passerines (dark-eyed juncos, junco hyemalis; american tree sparrows, spizella arborea; song sparrows, melospiza melodia; chipping sparrows, spizella pusilla; and house sparrows, passer domesticus) recognize and preferentially consume noninfected (ni) over infected (i) seeds of tall fes ... | 1991 | 28312146 |
| photosynthate partitioning in basal zones of tall fescue leaf blades. | elongating grass leaves have successive zones of cell division, cell elongation, and cell maturation in the basal portion of the blade and are a strong sink for photosynthate. our objective was to determine dry matter (dm) deposition and partitioning in basal zones of elongating tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) leaf blades. vegetative tall fescue plants were grown in continuous light (350 micromoles per square meter per second photosynthetic photon flux density) to obtain a constant spa ... | 1991 | 16668036 |
| selenium tolerance, salt tolerance, and selenium accumulation in tall fescue lines. | high levels of soil salinity and se concentration are coexisting problems in the san joaquin valley, california. tall fescue is a potentially useful crop plant for land management in soils containing elevated concentrations of se and salinity. information regarding its physiological mechanism and genetic variation of se accumulation in this species is scant. thirteen tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) lines were examined for se and salt tolerances and se accumulation in nutrient solution ... | 1991 | 2060486 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: i. diet composition and ingestive mastication. | in traditional grazing trials, per animal and per hectare productivity are determined, but pasture and animal measurements are generally inadequate to address reasons for different treatment responses. this 2-yr study examined the diet and diet characteristics of steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures. a randomized complete block design was us ... | 1991 | 1648065 |
| energy and protected protein supplements to lambs on endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture. | the effect of supplements on intake, digestibility, n retention, adg and blood and body composition of growing lambs fed cut herbage or grazing ky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures at two levels of n fertilization (92 and 318 kg/ha) was determined. supplements were corn (c), corn with soybean meal (u-sbm) and corn with heat-treated sbm (h-sbm). metabolism trials were run at three growth stages in the 1st yr with 24 lambs. although all supplements increased total dmi and dm di ... | 1991 | 2005030 |
| technical note: sampling technique and drying method effects on chemical composition of tall fescue or fescue-ladino clover pasture samples. | although esophageal extrusa is the most readily accepted representation of forage consumed by grazing ruminants, esophageal sampling is demanding from the standpoint of animal care and maintenance and extrusa processing. this experiment was conducted with a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of pasture type, pasture sampling technique and drying method on estimation of grazed forage composition. ten esophageally fistulated steers grazed pastures of either tall fescue (festuca arundinacea ... | 1991 | 2005036 |
| induction of tall fescue toxicosis in heat-stressed cattle and its alleviation with thiamin. | livestock grazing endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. cv. kentucky 31) at high ambient temperatures may suffer from fescue toxicosis. adult angus cows (bos taurus) were fed 0 to 1 kg/d of 70% infected tall fescue seed containing about 4.4 g of loline alkaloids in factorial combination with thiamin at 0 or 1 g/d. cows assigned to the zero level of tall fescue seed received a supplement of equivalent energy and protein. ingestive behavior was measu ... | 1991 | 2061231 |
| effects of grass species on grazing steers: ii. dry matter intake and digesta kinetics. | animal responses to treatments in grazing experiments frequently remain unexplained because of inadequate pasture and(or) animal measurements. this 2-yr study examined dmi, gastrointestinal tract fill of undigested dm (fill), rate of digesta passage (rop), and digesta mean retention time (mrt) for steers grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), flaccidgrass (pennisetum flaccidum griseb.), and bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.). a randomized co ... | 1991 | 2061249 |
| onset of puberty in cd-1 mouse pups exposed prenatally through weaning to endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. | this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding endophyte - infected (acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue seed to cd-1 mouse dams (p(1)) during gestation and lactation, and on the subsequent growth and sexual maturity (onset of puberty) of their male and female offspring (f(1)). forty-eight 21 d old pups (24 male and 24 female f(1) mice) were weaned from dams fed one of two diets containing 50% rodent chow (w/w) and 50% ky-31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed. the seed in d ... | 1991 | 16726957 |
| accumulation of ergopeptide alkaloids in symbiotic tall fescue grown under deficits of soil water and nitrogen fertilizer. | the fungus acremonium coenophialum is endophytically associated with tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreber). within this symbiotum the fungus produces ergopeptide alkaloids, which are associated with livestock toxicoses. environmental effects on the production of ergot alkaloids within the symbiotum are unknown. we conducted a greenhouse study of the effects of flooding, nitrogen rate during fertilization (11, 73, and 220 mg of n per pot weekly), nitrogen form (3.4 and 34 mg of n as nh(4) or ... | 1992 | 16348675 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: ii. stocker systems. | fall weaned angus calves grazed stockpiled 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 2) tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) tall fescue-alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) or were barn-fed, 4) tall fescue hay, 5) orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.)-alfalfa hay, or 6) tall fescue silage from late october to early april during each of 5 yr. infection of the fescue with acremonium coenophialum ranged from 0 to 55%. there were two replications each of steers and heifers for each fora ... | 1992 | 1312526 |
| voluntary intake and ingestive behavior of steers grazing johnstone or endophyte-infected kentucky-31 tall fescue. | effects of grazing low-endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams, less than 1% infection) johnstone (j) or high-endophyte (60% infection) kentucky-31 (k) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) on grazing behavior and voluntary intake were studied. six angus steers (average initial bw = 326 kg) grazed 1.21-ha plots of each forage cultivar (three steers per cultivar) in four 28-d periods beginning may 27. daytime observations (0630 until 2130) revealed that j steers spent more (p ... | 1992 | 1316348 |
| molecular biology and evolution of the grass endophytes. | acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones et w. gams is a maternally transmitted fungal symbiont (endophyte) of the important forage grass festuca arundinacea schreb. (tall fescue), and provides biological protection and enhanced fitness to its host, but its anti-mammalian ergot alkaloids detract from the usefulness of tall fescue as forage for livestock. molecular genetic techniques and materials are being developed in order to specifically eliminate the gene(s) encoding the first enzyme in ergot al ... | 1992 | 1344918 |
| transformation of acremonium coenophialum, a protective fungal symbiont of the grass festuca arundinacea. | acremonium coenophialum is a mutualistic mycosymbiont and natural agent of biological protection of the widely distributed grass festuca arundinacea (tall fescue). an electroporative transformation system was developed for a. coenophialum. segments of dna 5' to the beta-tubulin gene (tub2) of the closely related ascomycete epichloë typhina, fused to the escherichia coli hph gene encoding hygromycin b phosphotransferase, conferred hygromycin resistance when introduced into a. coenophialum by elec ... | 1992 | 1423727 |
| implant and copper oxide needles for steers grazing acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures: effects on grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and serum constituents. | two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a progesterone-estradiol implant (pei) with no implant (ni) and 20 g of copper oxide needles (cuon) with no cuon on grazing, subsequent feedlot performance, and selected serum constituents of steers. in exp. 1, 114 limousin crossbred yearling steers (317 kg average initial bw) were stocked continuously on acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) pastures (c) or were rota ... | 1992 | 1429296 |
| effects of feeding diets containing endophyte-infected fescue seed on luteinizing hormone secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cyclic heifers and cows. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb.) seed on lh secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cycling heifers and cows. in exp. 1, spring-calving primiparous angus cows (n = 16) were pair-fed for 75 d diets that contained endophyte-free or endophyte-infected (95%) fescue seed that contained 1.3 micrograms/g of ergovaline and 5.2 mg/g of saturated pyrrolizidines. serial blood samples for bas ... | 1992 | 1459910 |
| metabolic fates of u-14c-labelled monosaccharides and an enzyme-treated cell-wall substrate in the fowl. | a major benefit of supplementing non-ruminant feedstuffs with exogenous enzymes is presumed to be the degradation of plant cell-wall polysaccharides to metabolizable monosaccharide residues. in the present study, metabolic fates of (u-14c-labelled, 10 mm) glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose were compared in the fowl, by measuring recoveries of 14c radioactivity in exhaled carbon dioxide excreta and body tissues after administration either by wing vein (iv) or into the crop (ic). a ... | 1992 | 1547197 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: i. cow-calf production. | six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) or 2) kentucky blue-grass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.). each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red ... | 1992 | 1548221 |
| host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus. | thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ... | 1992 | 19283057 |
| the effect of nitrate-nitrogen supply on bacteria and bacterial-feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species. | microbial growth in the rhizosphere is affected by the release of organic material from roots, so differences in carbon budgets between plants may affect their rhizosphere biology. this was tested by sampling populations of bacteria and bacteriophagous fauna from the rhizosphere of lolium perenne, festuca arundinacea, poa annua, and poa pratensis, under conditions of high and low nitrate availability. concentrations of soluble phenolics and lignin varied considerably between the species but were ... | 1992 | 28313466 |
| parasiticmeloidogyne and mutualisticacremonium increase chitinase in tall fescue. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is a c-3 perennial grass noted for its persistence in harsh environments. tall fescue persistence is enhanced byacremonium coenophialum, a mutualistic fungal endophyte that increases resistance to drought, pathogens, and insects. this research was conducted to identify and elicit biochemical mechanism(s) that could account for tall fescue persistence. in initial studies, two cultivars known to differ in persistence were analyzed for chitinase, an antifun ... | 1992 | 24254151 |
| peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue : ii. spatial distribution of apoplastic peroxidase activity in genotypes differing in length of the elongation zone. | previous work suggested that cell wall peroxidase activity increased as cells were displaced through the elongation zone in leaf blades of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). in this study, two genotypes that differ in length of the elongation zone were used to examine the relationship between peroxidase activity in apoplastic fluid of intact leaf blade segments and the spatial distribution of leaf growth. apoplastic fluid was extracted by vacuum infiltration and centrifugation, and perox ... | 1992 | 16669015 |
| peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue : i. spatial distribution of ionically bound peroxidase activity in genotypes differing in length of the elongation zone. | cessation of cell expansion has been associated with cell wall cross-linking reactions catalyzed by peroxidase. this study utilized two genotypes of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) that differ in length of the leaf elongation zone to investigate the relationship between ionically bound peroxidase activity and the spatial distribution of leaf elongation. peroxidase activity was also localized histochemically in transverse sections of the leaf blade using 3,3' -diaminobenzidine. soluble ... | 1992 | 16669014 |
| molecular and cytogenetic characterization of repetitive dna sequences from lolium and festuca: applications in the analysis of festulolium hybrids. | a set of species-specific repetitive dna sequences was isolated from lolium multiflorum and festuca arundinacea. the degree of their species specificity as well as possible homologies among them were determined by dot-blot hybridization analysis. in order to understand the genomic organization of representative lolium and festuca-specific repetitive dna sequences, we performed southern blot hybridization and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes.southern blot hybridization analysis of e ... | 1992 | 24203041 |
| transgenic plants of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts. | chimeric hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes were introduced, using polyethylene glycol treatment, into protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), a graminaceous plant that is an important forage crop in temperate pastures. colonies resistant to either 200 mg/l hygromycin or 100 mg/l phosphinothricin, respectively, were recovered upon selection using bead-type culture systems. sta ... | 1992 | 1369399 |
| variation of genome size and organization within hexaploid festuca arundinacea. | cytophotometric, karyological, and biochemical analyses were carried out in the meristems of seedlings obtained from seeds collected from 35 natural populations of hexaploid festuca amndinacea in italy. highly significant differences between populations were observed in the amount of nuclear dna (up to 32.3%). these changes are linked to variations in the amount of heterochromatin and in the frequency of repeated dna sequences, and particularly of a fraction of them. differences between populati ... | 1992 | 24202507 |
| endophytic fungi alter foraging and dispersal by desert seed-harvesting ants. | endophytic fungi are thought to interact mutualistically with host plants by producing alkaloid metabolites that deter herbivory. since such fungi are transmitted via seed in some grasses, the presence of endophytes may also protect plants from seed predators. we conducted seed choice experiments for two dominant seed harvesting ants, pogonomyrmex rugosus in the sonoran desert and pogonomyrmex occidentalis at a higher elevation, riparian zone in arizona, usa. non-infected fescue (festuca arundin ... | 1993 | 28313285 |
| effects of polyploidy on photosynthesis. | in polyploid plants the photosynthetic rate per cell is correlated with the amount of dna per cell. the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area is the product of the rate per cell times the number of photosynthetic cells per unit area. therefore, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area will increase if there is a less than proportional increase in cell volume at higher ploidal levels, or if cell packing is altered to allow more cells per unit leaf area. in autopolyploids (medicago sativa, c3 s ... | 1993 | 24318680 |
| phytoparasitic nematode populations in festuca arundinacea field plots in southwestern missouri. | field plots of tall rescue (festuca arundinacea) at two locations on the same experimental farm in southwestern missouri were sampled (one in 1987-88, the other in 1988-89) to inventory root-parasitic nematodes and to determine whether cultivars or endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) infection frequencies (eif) affected nematode population densities within single growing seasons. plots were planted with seven tall rescue cultivars: kentucky-31, kenhy, johnstone, martin, mozark, missouri-96, and ... | 1993 | 19279861 |
| novel o-d-galacturonoyl esters in the pectic polysaccharides of suspension-cultured plant cells. | driselase digestion of uronate-6-14c-labeled primary walls of cultured spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) cells yielded about 18 novel uronate-containing compounds, most of which could be hydrolyzed by cold dilute alkali to yield oligo-[14c]galacturonides. one typical driselase digestion product (compound 17) yielded alpha-(1-->4)-d-[14c]galacturonotriose(gala3) upon very mild treatment with alkali (50% yield of gala3 in 7.2 min at ph 11 and 25 degrees c). one of the three galacturonate residues in ... | 1993 | 8022945 |
| a clearing technique for detecting the fungal endophyte acremonium sp. in grasses. | leaf tissue of tall fescue festuca arundinacea schreb., hard fescue festuca ovina l., red fescue festuca rubra l. and perennial ryegrass lolium perenne l. was stained with rose bengal or aniline blue to detect the presence of the fungal endophyte acremonium sp.. specimens were cleared using methyl salicylate, an optical clearing agent, and viewed using bright field microscopy. tissue was preserved as dried tissue or stored in 70% aqueous ethyl alcohol before staining and clearing. tissue was obs ... | 1993 | 7684264 |
| fescue toxicosis and its impact on animal agriculture. | studies of fescue toxicosis have identified several classes of plant/fungal alkaloids that may be responsible for the toxicosis problem of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). this review explores the interaction of these alkaloids with the animal's system and attempts to explain the various anomalies of fescue toxicosis through discussion of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. | 1993 | 8249272 |
| determination of the ruminal escape value and duodenal amino acid flow of rapeseed meal. | a 4 x 4 latin square metabolism trial was conducted to evaluate protein escape potential, duodenal amino acid (aa) flows, and ruminal digestion effects of rapeseed meal (rsm) when fed with non-endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hay. four holstein steers (average bw = 400 +/- 6.5 kg), each equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were fed twice daily at 0700 and 1900. protein supplements compared with rsm, soybean meal (sbm), blood meal (bm), and a negative control based on ... | 1993 | 8270533 |
| managing replacement stock within the environment of the south--plant, soil, and animal interactions: a review. | the south extends from the atlantic coast and the gulf of mexico north through virginia and kentucky and west to the 100th meridian, which extends through texas and oklahoma. the soils, environment, and range of adapted forage species offer many and varied opportunities for designing forage-livestock systems for rearing replacement stock. anti-quality factors of concern when using forages for replacement stock include the presence of acremonium coenophialum (morgan-jones and gams) in tall fescue ... | 1993 | 8270541 |
| combined analysis of tall fescue steer grazing studies in the eastern united states. | the mixed-models procedure (mmp) was used to analyze pooled data sets from 12 independent studies conducted during the last 13 yr at nine locations in seven states to provide combined estimates of daily gains by beef steers (bos taurus) grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures free of (e-) or infested (e+) at different levels with the endophytic fungus acremonium coenophialum. treatments included low-infestation (< or = 5% e+), moderate-infestation (> or = 20 to < or = 35% e+), ... | 1993 | 8349522 |
| steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue: seasonal changes in nutrient quality, forage intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and serum hormones and metabolites. | six ruminally cannulated holstein steers (average bw 514 kg) grazed a 33-ha, unirrigated, endophyte-free, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture from april 10 through december 7, 1989. samples were collected in may, june, september, and november 1989. total masticate n was relatively constant (p > .10) throughout the year. masticate in vitro om disappearance was less (p < .05) in september (48.4%) and november (50%) than in may (60.6%) and june (56%). ruminal nh3n concentrations (mill ... | 1993 | 8392047 |
| neural dopamine d2 receptors in rats fed endophyte-infected fescue seed. | to study the effect of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum) on hypothalamic and striatal dopamine d2 receptors, male rats (n = 14/group) were pair-fed diets containing 50% rat chow and 50% either endophyte-infected (e+) or noninfected (e-) fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) seed for 21 days. concentrations of ergovaline and saturated pyrrolizidines were 1.91 micrograms/g and 2.84 mg/g, respectively in e+, and undetectable in e- fescue seed. to monitor endophyte effects, rats were weighed weekly ... | 1993 | 8404549 |
| relationships among non-acremonium sp. fungal endophytes in five grass species. | many cool-season grasses (subfamily pooideae) possess maternally transmitted fungal symbionts which cause no known pathology and often enhance the ecological fitness and biochemical capabilities of the grass hosts. the most commonly described endophytes are the acremonium section albo-lanosa spp. (acremonium endophytes), which are conidial anamorphs (strictly asexual forms) of epichloë typhina. other endophytes which have been noted are a gliocladium-like fungus in perennial ryegrass (lolium per ... | 1993 | 8517749 |
| a novel fungal protease expressed in endophytic infection of poa species. | the fungus acremonium typhinum produces a novel endoprotease during symbiotic endophytic infection of the grass, poa ampla. this protease is unusual because it is highly active in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the enzyme is a thiol-containing serine protease and is localized to a crude membrane fraction. similar protease activity has been detected in endophyte-infected poa autumnalis and poa sylvestris plants. expression of this protease may be important in endophytic infection of poa ... | 1993 | 12231854 |
| response of fructan to water deficit in growing leaves of tall fescue. | changes in dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate components, especially fructan, were examined in the basal 25 mm of expanding leaf blades of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) to assess their roles in plant response to water deficit. water was withheld from vegetative plants grown in soil in controlled-environment chambers. as stress progressed, leaf elongation rate decreased sooner in the light period than it did in the dark period. the decrease in growth rate in the dark period was ... | 1994 | 12232332 |