Publications

quantitative trait loci for grain yield and adaptation of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) across a wide range of water availability.	grain yield is a major goal for the improvement of durum wheat, particularly in drought-prone areas. in this study, the genetic basis of grain yield (gy), heading date (hd), and plant height (ph) was investigated in a durum wheat population of 249 recombinant inbred lines evaluated in 16 environments (10 rainfed and 6 irrigated) characterized by a broad range of water availability and gy (from 5.6 to 58.8 q ha(-1)). among the 16 quantitative trait loci (qtl) that affected gy, two major qtl on ch ...	0	18202390
morphological and molecular characterization of pratylenchus lentis n. sp. (nematoda: pratylenchidae) from sicily.	pratylenchus lentis n. sp. parasitizing roots of lentil in sicily, italy, is described and illustrated. the new species is characterized by a relatively high lip region with three annuli, mean stylet length of 16 mum, with anteriorly flattened knobs, cylindrical body with a relatively anterior vulva, large and ovoid spermatheca full of sperm, plump tail with truncate, irregularly annulated terminus, and by the presence of males. molecular its-rflp and sequencing analyses of the new species showe ...	0	19440258
transcriptome of wheat inflorescence development from spikelet initiation to floral patterning.	early reproductive development in cereals is crucial for final grain number per spike, and hence the yield potential of the crop. to date, however, no systematic analyses of gene expression profiles during this important process have been conducted for common wheat (triticum aestivum). here, we studied the transcriptome profiles at four stages of early wheat reproductive development, from spikelet initiation to floral organ differentiation. k-means clustering and stage-specific transcript identi ...	0	28515146
a rapid magnetic solid phase extraction method followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of mycotoxins in cereals.	mycotoxins can contaminate various food commodities, including cereals. moreover, mycotoxins of different classes can co-contaminate food, increasing human health risk. several analytical methods have been published in the literature dealing with mycotoxins determination in cereals. nevertheless, in the present work, the aim was to propose an easy and effective system for the extraction of six of the main mycotoxins from corn meal and durum wheat flour, i.e., the main four aflatoxins, ochratoxin ...	0	28430148
zinc complexed chitosan/tpp nanoparticles: a promising micronutrient nanocarrier suited for foliar application.	cultivation of cereals in zinc deficient soils leads to declined nutritional quality of grain. zinc deficiency in humans is a consequence of consumption of micronutrient deficient cereals as staple food. to achieve an increase in zinc density in grain, we evaluated zinc complexed chitosan nanoparticles (zn-cnp) as a potential 'nanocarrier' suited for foliar fertilization. zn-cnp were synthesized using tri-polyphosphate as a cross-linker. spherical zn-cnp (diameter 250-300nm) were positively char ...	0	28363565
use of bran fractions and debranned kernels for the development of pasta with high nutritional and healthy potential.	the quality of pasta produced with debranning products (bran fractions, bf, and debranned kernels, dk) of durum wheat was investigated by evaluating their total antioxidant capacity, occurrence of nutritional and bioactive compounds, and sensory properties. two pasta samples, produced with bf-enriched semolina (bf pasta) or only with micronized dk (dk pasta), respectively, were compared with pasta made with traditional semolina (control pasta). bf pasta and dk pasta displayed significantly highe ...	0	28193436
improving of nutraceutical features of many important mediterranean vegetables by inoculation with a new commercial product.	several epidemiological studies show that fruits, vegetables and cereals can play a nutraceutical role for their content of many antioxidant phytochemicals such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid and phenolics. a commercial inoculant (micosat f(®)) containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) could improve the nutritional value in crops. the goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of amf on the production level of carotenoids, asa, phenols including antocyanins and saponins, proteins, total ant ...	0	26044864
ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat.	after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ...	0	27790934
the eyespot resistance genes pch1 and pch2 of wheat are not homoeoloci.	phenotyping and mapping data reveal that chromosome intervals containing eyespot resistance genes pch1 and pch2 on 7d and 7a, respectively, do not overlap, and thus, these genes are not homoeloci. eyespot is a stem-base fungal disease of cereals growing in temperate regions. two main resistances are currently available for use in wheat. pch1 is a potent single major gene transferred to wheat from aegilops ventricosa and located on the distal end of chromosome 7d. pch2, a moderate resistance deri ...	0	27665367
comparison of volatiles profile and contents of trichothecenes group b, ergosterol, and atp of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale grain naturally contaminated by mycobiota.	in natural conditions cereals can be infested by pathogenic fungi. these can reduce the grain yield and quality by contamination with mycotoxins which are harmful for plants, animals, and humans. to date, performed studies of the compounds profile have allowed for the distinction of individual species of fungi. the aim of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds and trichothecenes of group b, ergosterol, adenosine triphosphate content carried out on a representative sample o ...	0	27597856
molecular speciation and tissue compartmentation of zinc in durum wheat grains with contrasting nutritional status.	low concentration of zinc (zn) in the endosperm of cereals is a major factor contributing to zn deficiency in human populations. we have investigated how combined zn and nitrogen (n) fertilization affects the speciation and localization of zn in durum wheat (triticum durum). zn-binding proteins were analysed with liquid chromatography icp-ms and orbitrap ms(2) , respectively. laser ablation icp-ms with simultaneous zn, sulphur (s) and phosphorus (p) detection was used for bioimaging of zn and it ...	0	27159614
use of purple durum wheat to produce naturally functional fresh and dry pasta.	in this study, the effects of different milling procedures (roller-milling vs. stone-milling) and pasta processing (fresh vs. dried spaghetti), and cooking on the antioxidant components and sensory properties of purple durum wheat were investigated. milling and pasta processing were performed using one purple and one conventional non-pigmented durum wheat genotypes, and the end-products were compared with commercial pasta. the results show that the stone milling process preserved more compounds ...	0	27006230
copy number variation of cbf-a14 at the fr-a2 locus determines frost tolerance in winter durum wheat.	frost tolerance in durum wheat is mainly controlled by copy number variation of cbf - a14 at the fr - a2 locus. frost tolerance is a key trait for successful breeding of winter durum wheat (triticum durum) which can increase the yield performance in regions favoring autumn-sown winter cereals. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of frost tolerance in order to provide molecular support for the breeding of winter durum wheat. to this end, a diverse panel of 170 winter ...	0	26883046
uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops.	the separation of toxic effects of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) by the current methods of mixed salts and subsequent determination of their relevance to breeding has been problematic. we report a novel method (na(+) humate) to study the ionic effects of na(+) toxicity without interference from cl(-), and ionic and osmotic effects when combined with salinity (nacl). three cereal species (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum ssp. durum with and without the na(+) exclusio ...	0	26607560
characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification.	agronomic biofortification of staple crops is an effective way to enhance their contents in essential nutrients up the food chain, with a view to correcting for their deficiencies in animal or human status. selenium (se) is one such case, for its uneven distribution in the continental crust and, therefore, in agricultural lands easily translates into substantial variation in nutritional intakes. cereals are far from being the main sources of se on a content basis, but they are likely the major c ...	0	26139888
differential co2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.).	c sink/source balance and n assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated co2 . however, little is known about phenology-driven modifications of c and n primary metabolism at elevated co2 in cereals such as wheat. here, we examined the differential effect of elevated co2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (triticum durum, var. sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), ...	0	26081746
folate distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum desf.) pearled fractions.	wholegrain cereals are an important source of folates. in this study, total folate was analysed in pearled fractions of barley and wheat cultivars employing aoac official method 2004.05. in particular, the distribution of folate in the kernels was evaluated in three barley cultivars (two hulled types and a hulless one as well as two- and six-row types) and in a common and a durum wheat cultivar.	0	26018777
digestibility of pasta made with three wheat types: a preliminary study.	the aim of this study was to assess the digestibility of the protein and starch in pasta made with different cereals, i.e. triticum durum, triticum polonicum and triticum dicoccum, and to measure the glycemic index (gi) of the different types of pasta. the digestibility of the starch in t.polonicum pasta differed significantly from the others. it seemed to be less digested than dicoccum and durum wheat pasta. t.polonicum pasta also had a lower glycemic index, while there were no significant diff ...	0	25529673
bioavailability and metabolism of hydroxycinnamates in rats fed with durum wheat aleurone fractions.	the consumption of wholemeal cereals has been associated with the reduced risk of several chronic diseases, and the mechanisms behind these protective effects may be linked, besides dietary fiber and micronutrients, to an increased intake of hydroxycinnamates contained in the bran. among bran fractions, aleurone usually contains the highest concentration of ferulic acid and diferulic acid esters linked to arabinoxylans representing the most relevant subclasses. the aim of the present study was t ...	0	24977665
gluten and wheat intolerance today: are modern wheat strains involved?	celiac disease is a food-induced enteropathy resulting from exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. the non-celiac gluten sensitivity (ncgs) is a less known syndrome whose prevalence is under-estimated. the last decades have seen changes in the clinical presentation of both diseases. one possible explanation is that changes in the gluten-rich cereals themselves were the principal causes. celiac-triggering gluten proteins are indeed expressed to higher levels in modern cereals ...	0	24524657
grain yields and disease resistance as selection criteria for introduction of new varieties of small grain cereal in lubumbashi, d.r. congo.	wheat production in african countries is a major challenge for their development, considering their increasing consumption of wheat flour products. in the democratic republic of congo, wheat and wheat-based products are the important imported food products although there is a potential for the cultivation of small grain cereals such as durum wheat, wheat and triticale. trials done in lubumbashi in the katanga province have shown that septoria leaf blotch, septoria glume blotch and fusarium head ...	0	26072585
increase in transcript accumulation of psy1 and e-lcy genes in grain development is associated with differences in seed carotenoid content between durum wheat and tritordeum.	carotenoid rich diets have been associated with lower risk of certain diseases. the great importance of cereals in human diet has directed breeding programs towards carotenoid enhancement to alleviate these deficiencies in developing countries and to offer new functional foods in the developed ones. the new cereal tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebener) derived from durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and the wild barley hordeum chilense, naturally presents carotenoid levels 5-8 t ...	0	24306494
contribution of the ear and the flag leaf to grain filling in durum wheat inferred from the carbon isotope signature: genotypic and growing conditions effects.	the ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in c3 cereals. however, the intrusive nature of most of the available methodologies prevents reaching conclusive results in this regard. this study compares the carbon isotope composition (δ(13)c) in its natural abundance in the water-soluble fractions of the flag leaf blade and the ear with the δ(13)c of mature kernels to assess the relative contribution of both organs to grain ...	0	24028829
variability and expression profile of the drf1 gene in four cultivars of durum wheat and one triticale under moderate water stress conditions.	the dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) proteins are important transcription factors that contribute to stress endurance in plants triggering the expression of a set of abiotic stress-related genes. a dreb2-related gene, previously referred to as dehydration responsive factor 1 (drf1) was originally isolated and characterized in durum wheat. the aim of this study was to monitor the expression profiles of three alternatively spliced tddrf1 transcripts during dehydration experiments and ...	0	23184317
an endogenous reference gene of common and durum wheat for detection of genetically modified wheat.	to develop a method for detecting gm wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (prp) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum durum l.). real-time pcr analysis showed that only dna of wheat was amplified and no amplification product was observed for phylogenetically related cereals, indicating that the prp detection system is specific to wheat. the intensities of the amplification products and ...	0	23154759
development of methods to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat in blended flour using pcr.	a pcr-based method was developed to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat by leveraging slight differences of dna sequence in starch synthase ii (ss ii) coded on wheat a, b and d genomes. a primer pair, ss ii ex7-u/l, was designed to hybridize with a conserved dna sequence region found in ss ii-a, b and d genes. another primer pair, ss ii-d 1769u/1889l, was constructed to recognize a unique sequence in the ss ii-d gene. the target region of ss ii ex7-u/l with the size of 114 bp ...	0	23154758
development and validation of an hplc-method for determination of free and bound phenolic acids in cereals after solid-phase extraction.	whole cereal grains are a good source of phenolic acids associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. this paper reports the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (hplc-dad) method for the determination of phenolic acids in cereals in either free or bound form. extraction of free phenolic acids and clean-up was performed by an optimised solid-phase extraction (spe) protocol on oasis hlb cartridges using aqueous methanol as eluant. the me ...	0	25005991
a comparison of contents of group a and b trichothecenes and microbial counts in different cereal species.	concentrations of trichothecenes and the amounts of microbial biomass were compared in grain of bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, rye, oat and barley. grain samples came from lines regionalised in poland grown under identical climatic and agricultural conditions in 2007. among the six analysed cereals, the highest mean concentration of toxic metabolites of 151.89 µg/kg was found for grain of triticum durum, whereas the lowest was for barley grain (25.56 µg/kg). the highest contamination with ...	0	24779779
genotype-dependent efficiency of endosperm development in culture of selected cereals: histological and ultrastructural studies.	the paper reports studies, including histological and ultrastructural analyses, of in vitro cell proliferation and development of immature endosperm tissue isolated from caryopses of triticum aestivum, triticum durum, and triticosecale plants. endosperm isolated at 7-10 days post-anthesis developed well on ms medium supplemented with auxins and/or cytokinins. the efficiency of endosperm response was highly genotype-dependent and best in two winter cultivars of hexaploid species. the pathways of ...	0	22643840
biotechnology and pasta-making: lactic acid bacteria as a new driver of innovation.	cereals-derived foods represent a key constituent in the diet of many populations. in particular, pasta is consumed in large quantities throughout the world in reason of its nutritive importance, containing significant amounts of complex carbohydrates, proteins, b-vitamins, and iron. lactic acid bacteria (lab) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that play a key role in the production of fermented foods and beverages with high relevance for human and animal health. a wide literature testifies t ...	0	22457660
optimization and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for the separation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in cereals, employing a novel sorbent material.	the separation and determination of tocopherols (ts) and tocotrienols (t3s) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. analytes were separated on a perfectsil target ods-3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column filled with a novel sorbent material of ultrapure silica gel. the separation of ts and t3s was optimized in terms of mobile-phase com ...	0	22324450
residues of pirimiphos-methyl in cereals and processed fractions following post harvest spray application.	the aim of this work was to comparatively assess the persistence of pirimiphos methyl residues in cereals and in their milling fractions after spray application in post harvest. an analytical method, based on a slightly modified quechers extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) determination was validated: mean recovery was in the range 73% to 92% depending on the spiking level, and precision as rsd ranged from 11% to 16%. the analysis of treated samples r ...	0	21726150
development and validation of an hplc method for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids in cereals after solid-phase extraction.	the increasing interest in antioxidant properties of cereal and cereal-based products has prompted the development of a simple and reliable hplc method for the simultaneous determination of important phytochemicals like tocopherols (t), tocotrienols (t3) and carotenoids. separation was carried out on a nucleosil 100 c(18) column, 5 μm (250 mm × 4.6 mm) thermostated at 25 °c, using a linear gradient elution system starting with methanol and ending with a mixture of methanol-isopropanol-acetonitri ...	0	21506271
evaluation of the technological characteristics and bread-making quality of alternative wheat cereals in comparison with common and durum wheat.	the growing sensibility toward those foods that are characterized by natural and healthy features has raised the interest toward alternative wheat cereals. this research was carried out to compare the technological characteristics and the bread-making quality of khorasan wheat, type kamut and spelt (cv. forenza), to those of common (cv. rio) and durum wheat (cv. norba). the results obtained show that both forenza and kamut gave an acceptable bread-making performance. a certain variability affect ...	0	21421673
identification of candidate genes associated with senescence in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) using cdna-aflp.	senescence is an integrated response of plants to various internal (developmental) and external (environmental) signals. it is a highly regulated process leading eventually to the death of cells, single organs such as leaves, or even whole plants. in cereals, which are monocarpic plants, senescence represents the final stage of development. in order to study senescence in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum), a cdna-aflp analysis was performed. the transcription profiles of plants at dif ...	0	21197602
targeted mapping of cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum).	some durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (cd) in the grain. a major gene controlling grain cd concentration designated as cdu1 has been reported on 5b, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low cd phenotype are currently unknown. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring cdu1 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with ri ...	0	20559817
fate of starch in food processing: from raw materials to final food products.	starch, an essential component of an equilibrated diet, is present in cereals such as common and durum wheat, maize, rice, and rye, in roots and tubers such as potato and cassava, and in legumes such as peas. during food processing, starch mainly undergoes nonchemical transformations. here, we focus on the occurrence of starch in food raw materials, its composition and properties, and its transformations from raw material to final products. we therefore describe a number of predominant food proc ...	0	22129331
toxic, immunostimulatory and antagonist gluten peptides in celiac disease.	celiac disease (cd) is an increasingly diagnosed, permanent autoimmune enteropathy, triggered, in susceptible individuals, by the ingestion of gluten, the alcohol - soluble protein fraction of some cereals, such as wheat, rye and barley. the main protein of wheat gluten is called gliadin, the similar proteins of rye and barley are secalin and hordein, respectively. approximately 96% of cd patients express the hla molecule dq2, while the remainder mostly express the less common haplotype dq8, ref ...	0	19355902
the healthgrain cereal diversity screen: concept, results, and prospects.	one hundred and fifty bread wheat lines and 50 other lines of small-grain cereals (spelt, durum wheat, triticum monococcum, triticum dicoccum, oats, rye, and barley) were selected for diversity in their geographical origin, age, and characteristics. they were grown on a single site in hungary in 2004-2005, harvested, milled, and analyzed for a range of phytochemicals (tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates, alkylresorcinols) and fiber components that are considered to have health benefits. det ...	0	18921969
antagonist peptides of the gliadin t-cell stimulatory sequences: a therapeutic strategy for celiac disease.	celiac disease (cd) is a t helper 1-driven autoimmune permanent enteropathy, triggered in susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of some cereals, such as wheat, rye, and barley. the only available treatment for cd is the life-long withdrawal of gluten-containing foods from the diet. complying with gluten-free diet is difficult and affects the quality of life. therefore, alternative therapies are being investigated. in this paper, we review a new ...	0	18685513
high-density genetic map of durum wheat x wild emmer wheat based on ssr and dart markers.	a genetic linkage map of tetraploid wheat was constructed based on a cross between durum wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) mackey] cultivar langdon and wild emmer wheat [t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (körn.) thell.] accession g18-16. one hundred and fifty-two single-seed descent derived f(6) recombinant inbred lines (rils) were analyzed with a total of 690 loci, including 197 microsatellite and 493 dart markers. linkage analysis defined 14 linkage groups. most markers were mapped to the ...	0	18437346
molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses.	the hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. among members of the triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the puroindoline a, puroindoline b and grain softness protein-1 (gsp-1) genes. puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. the protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are ...	0	18049798
occurrence and variability of mycotoxigenicfusarium species associated to wheat and maize in the south west of spain.	the contamination of cereals with mycotoxins produced by species offusarium is an important risk to human and animal health. the toxigenic profile is different depending on thefusarium species considered and, in some species, differences can also be observed at intraspecific level. information about the distribution and variability of the mycotoxigenicfusarium species allow prediction of the toxins that may occur and to devise control strategies. in this work, the occurrence of mycotoxigenicfusa ...	0	23605578
oxalate content of cereals and cereal products.	detailed knowledge of food oxalate content is of essential importance for dietary treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. dietary oxalate can contribute considerably to the amount of urinary oxalate excretion. because cereal foods play an important role in daily nutrition, the soluble and total oxalate contents of various types of cereal grains, milling products, bread, pastries, and pasta were analyzed using an hplc-enzyme-reactor method. a high total oxalate content (>50 mg/100 g) ...	0	16608223
high transferability of bread wheat est-derived ssrs to other cereals.	the increasing availability of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and related cereals provides a valuable resource of non-anonymous dna molecular markers. in this study, 300 primer pairs were designed from 265 wheat ests that contain microsatellites in order to develop new markers for wheat. their level of transferability in eight related species [triticum durum, t. monococcum, aegilops speltoides, ae. tauschii, rye (secale cereale), barley (hordeum vulgare), agropyron e ...	0	16034582
estimation of color of durum wheat. comparison of wsb, hplc, and reflectance colorimeter measurements.	color is an important parameter involved in the definition of semolina and pasta quality. this character is mainly due to natural pigments (carotenoids) that are present at different levels in cereals and cereal products, due to botanical origin, growing conditions, distribution in the kernel, and technological processes. in food industries, color measurements are usually performed by means of automatic instruments that are rapid and safe, as alternatives to the chemical extraction methods. in t ...	0	15796565
laboratory evaluation of melia azedarach l. and eucalyptus globulus labill. extracts in order to control ocneridia volxemi bolivar (orthoptera, pamphaginae) hoppers.	this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) dry fruit extracts (oil and water) and eucalyptus globulus labill. (myrtaceae) dry leaves extracts (water) on oneridia volxemi hoppers (fifth-instar) feeding on cereals leaves (triticum durum) under laboratory conditions. larva feeding reduced and mortality was significatly (p < 0.05) on cereals leaves sprayed with three concentrations 0, 5, 1 and 2% of oil extracted from melia azederach. in addition, o. volxemi ...	0	15759419
[revealing hereditary variation of winter hardiness in cereals].	a set of cereal crops and differentiating cultivars was shown to be of utility for identifying the major abiotic factors that limit the survival of winter crops in the cold season of a particular year. with this approach, the season was identified (1997-1998, belgorod) when the survival of cereals depended on the tolerance to anaerobiosis rather than on the frost resistance. differentiation of common wheat cultivars with respect to this property was attributed to a locus designated win1 (winter ...	0	15612569
improved normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of carotenoids in cereals.	besides the health benefits associated with whole-grain consumption, cereals are recognized sources of health-enhancing bioactive components such as carotenoids, which are a group of yellow pigments involved in the prevention of many degenerative diseases and which have been used for a long time as indicators of the color quality of durum wheat and pasta products. this work reports a fast, sensitive, and selective procedure for the extraction and determination of carotenoids from cereals and cer ...	0	15478994
occurrence of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors in cereals.	cereals contain proteinaceous inhibitors of endoxylanases, which affect the efficiency and functionality of these enzymes in cereal processing. this review relates their first discovery in wheat and the subsequent purification of two distinct classes of endoxylanase inhibitors, namely triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi)-type and xylanase inhibitor protein (xip)-type inhibitors in cereals. both inhibitor classes occur in monocots as multi-isoform families. the reported data provide an ove ...	0	14871660
natural co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins b1 and b2 in italian marketed foodstuffs.	a survey was performed to obtain the frequency and levels of contamination by deoxynivalenol (don) and fumonisins b1 and b2 (fb1, fb2) mycotoxins in italian marketed foods. of 202 samples investigated, including raw materials and processed cereal foods (bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits, baby and infant foods), 84% were contaminated with don at levels from 0.007 to 0.930 microg x g(-1) (median 0.065 microg x g(-1)); 26% contained fb1 ranging from 0.010 to 2.870 microg x g(-1) (0.070 micr ...	0	12881130
alkylresorcinols in cereals and cereal products.	the alkylresorcinol (ar) content of 8 commonly consumed cereals, 125 triticum cultivars, milling fractions of wheat and rye, bread, and other cereal products was analyzed. ars were found in wheat (489-1429 microgram/g), rye (720-761 microgram/g), triticale (439-647 microgram/g), and barley (42-51 microgram/g), but not in rice, oats, maize, sorghum, or millet. one durum wheat variety was found to have an exceptionally low level of ars (54 microgram/g) compared to other durum wheat varieties (589- ...	0	12822955
assessment of the agronomic and technological characteristics of triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum schrank and t. spelta l.	recently, the peoples interest in natural and organic products led to a "rediscovery" of hulled wheat, particularly t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum, commonly known as "farro". compared with durum wheat (t. turgidum ssp. durum), farro is characterized by low productivity and low quality semolina and flour, which makes it unsuitable for the production of bread and pasta. in this paper, the agronomic, technological and nutritional characteristics of three new varieties of farro obtained by crossing the t ...	0	12653440
the cold dependent accumulation of cor tmc-ap3 in cereals with contrasting, frost tolerance is regulated by different mrna expression and protein turnover.	the accumulation of specific cold-regulated (cor) proteins is a component of the hardening process and different amount of cor proteins has been related to different degrees of cold tolerance. a number of different mechanisms controls the accumulation of the cor proteins in the plant cells. in this work we describe the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of the cor protein tmc-ap3, a putative chloroplastic amino acid selective channel protein [1] in barley, durum, wheat, emmer and bread whea ...	0	10908804
a small peptide from durum wheat gliadin prevents cell agglutination induced by prolamin-peptides toxic in coeliac disease.	a peptide (m.w. 1157.5 da) able to prevent the agglutination of k562(s) cells induced by the peptic-tryptic prolamine digests of the cereals toxic in coeliac disease (i.e. bread wheat, rye, barley and oat) was characterized as one of the components of the peptic-tryptic digest of durum wheat gliadin. this peptide was synthesized in a high degree of purity with the solid phase method with the applied biosystem 431a. an amino acid sequence was identified in the 1157.5 da peptide as being related t ...	0	9217307
lead and cadmium in some cereal products on the finnish market 1990-91.	lead and cadmium contents were determined in representatively collected (commercial mills, wholesalers) samples of rye flour, breakfast cereals, porridge flakes, muesli cereals and pasta products. the samples were digested by heating them overnight in concentrated hno3. lead and cadmium concentrations were determined by gfaas using a platform and (nh4)h2po4 as a matrix modifier. arc/cl coded wheat flour and other reference materials (nbs 1567a, bcr no. 189, bcr no. 191) were employed for the ana ...	0	8314400
cellular and humoral responses in coeliac disease. 2. protein extracts from different cereals.	the humoral and cellular immune responses to grain protein extracts from coeliac-toxic and non-toxic cereals were compared by use of a number of elisa and immunoblotting methods and the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition factor (lmif) assay. both adult and child coeliacs had elevated levels of serum antibody to proteins from the coeliac-toxic cereals, namely bread wheat, durum wheat, rye and barley and low levels of proteins from other cereals. using protein blotting techniques, antibody bi ...	0	1819454
the correlation of characters in hybrids of triticum durum and triticum vulgare.		1925	17246275
an analysis of seedling mutants (spontaneous, atomic bomb-radiation-, and x ray-induced) in barley and durum wheat.		1951	17247367
[devernalization and tenderization in triticum durum, desf. in relation to the assumption of spherical texture by the starch granules].		1960	13717755
wheat: reconstitution of the tetraploid component (aabb) of hexaploids.	the tetraploid aabb genomic component of two varieties of common hexaploid wheat (aabbdd; 2n = 42) was reconstituted by a simple back-crossing technique in which known phylogenetic relationships between the hexaploid and tetraploid groups of triticum were used. the reconstituted tetraploids do not closely resemble commonly described varieties of the present-day group of tetraploid species. the plants are dwarfed, lack vigor, and are partially or completely self-sterile, depending on the variety ...	1964	17753152
radiation response of dry seeds in two varieties of triticum durum.		1966	5972695
geotropic response of wheat coleoptiles in absence of amyloplast starch.	young coleoptiles of wheat (triticum durum var. henry), depleted of amyloplast starch by incubation at 30 degrees c with gibberellin plus kinetin, retained their geotropic responsiveness. depleted coleoptiles curved upward more slowly than controls, but this was commensurate with their slower growth. the ratio of curvature to growth was about 50 degrees per mm of elongation in both cases. newly excised coleoptiles, though containing much more starch than incubated controls, curved only about 25 ...	1966	5961354
changes in enzyme levels during germination of seeds of triticum durum.	the changes in level of activity during the germination of wheat seedling (triticum durum) in the dark have been investigated with 4 enzymes of glycolysis, 2 enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt, 2 of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, 2 of amino acid metabolism and acid phosphatase. for some enzymes, which function in photosynthesis (fructose diphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase nadp dependent), the level of activity was influenced by the presence of light.	1968	16656761
studies on the ribonucleic acid from wheat leaves and chloroplasts.	the chloroplast, leaf ribosomal, and leaf total rna from seedlings of 2 varieties of triticum durum and 3 varieties of triticum vulgare were compared. for a given rna preparation the major nucleotide composition was the same for all varieties. irrespective of the variety, the chloroplast total rna had a higher cytidylic and a lower adenylic acid content than the leaf ribosomal rna, whereas, the guanylic and uridylic acid content of all rna preparations was essentially the same. pseudouridylic ac ...	1968	16656756
durum-type wheat with high bread-making quality.	a durum-type wheat (2n = 4x = 28) with high bread-making quality was produced by crossing a durum-wheat variety with a common bread-wheat variety (2n = 6x = 42), backcrossing to the bread-wheat variety for three generations, and then selecting for 28-chromosome plants. the high quality is tentatively attributed to a translocation involving one of the d-genome chromosomes.	1968	5634916
[determination of sitosterol palmitate in different varieties of triticum aestivum and triticum durum].		1969	5398532
interaction of genes for pathogenicity in puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and for resistance in a selection of triticum durum 'acme'.		1969	5377751
sequential development of meristems in the embryo of triticum durum. a dna autoradiographic and cytophotometric analysis.		1969	5355606
resistance to claviceps purpurea in spring and durum wheat.		1970	16057494
an immunochemical approach to species relationship in triticum and some related species.	an immunological reaction, precipitation in gel, was produced using a rabbit antiserum directed to a specific protein constantly present in bread wheats (t. aestivum, genome aabbdd), but absent in durum wheat (t. durum desf., genome aabb). this protein was isolated in the soluble-protein fraction of bread wheat caryopses by combined biochemical and immunological techniques.the availability of such a specific anti-bread wheat serum made possible the analysis of a series of varieties and species o ...	1970	24435904
genetic analysis of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat by utilization of monopentaploid hybrids.	this report deals with a method of analysis which uses existing hexaploid wheat monosomics to establish gene-chromosome associations in a tetraploid variety. monosomics of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring belonging to the 14 lines of a and b genomes were crossed as female parents with triticum durum cv. capeiti, a spring type at present widely grown in italy. for each line, two f 1 populations were obtained, normal pentaploids (2 n = 35) and monopentaploid (2 n = 34), in which, in turn, the ...	1971	24430021
survival and chlorophyll mutation in triticum durum plants raised from aged seeds.		1972	5059252
multivariate statistical analysis of grain yield and agronomic characters in durum wheat.	correlation, stepwise multiple regression and factor analyses were conducted on grain yield and a number of agronomic characters in the parental, f 1 and f 2 families originating from a 10 x 10 diallel cross in durum wheat. for the f 1 diallel, the correlation analysis indicated that the number of spikes and kernels per plant and 1,000 kernel weight had the highest correlations with grain yield; for the f 2 diallel, the number of spikes and kernels per meter, 1000 kernel weight and plant height ...	1973	24425074
breeding possibilities offered by induced mutations in durum wheat.	a report on the use of mutations of agronomic value obtained in durum wheat in an accelerated crossing programme is given. the mutated characters used were isolated in cv. cappelli and russello, related respectively to a dominant short straw and a dominant earliness factor. besides these two mutant lines, 4 other varieties were used, 80/57, yuma, ld 357 and kyperounda, representative of cultivated types of quite different origin. the program started in december 1965 and progressed till june 1970 ...	1974	24424516
[purification and characterization of two peroxidases from hard wheat].	two peroxidases a and b were purified from a borate buffer extract (ph = 10,4) of durum wheat semolina (triticum durum), var. bidi 17, by chromatography on deae-cellulose, salting out by 3m ammonium sulphate and two chromatographies on cm-cellulose; specific activities of peroxidase a or b were increased 114 or 66 fold. molecular weight, amino acid composition, absorption spectrum, ph optimum, thermal stability and km values differentiate the two enzymes. ion ca++ was shown as an activator of bo ...	1975	237578
on the location of glutamate decarboxylase in the caryopsis of hard wheat (triticum durum) and its activity during early germination.		1975	1112313
utilization of f1 monosomics for genetic analyses involving awn expression, glume color, seed setting, and seed abortion in crosses of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats.	f1 plants, monosomic for chromosomes 1a to 7b, from crosses of three lines of triticum durum var. khapli with the chinese series were investigated together with their backcrosses to normal chinese spring. the three khapli lines were designated k1-a, k1-b, and k1-d. five parameters were analyzed: awn development, glume color, degree of selfing, crossing ability, and seed abortion.morphological examination of f1 monopentaploid plants revealed that, in the three lines, chromosomes 5a, 1b, 3b, 4b, 5 ...	1975	24419600
the inheritance of lipoxidase activity and pigment content in durum wheat.	analysis of a 10-parent diallel of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) grown at two diverse locations revealed that for enzyme lipoxidase activity, wheat and predicted macaroni pigment contents, heterosis was environmentally dependent. both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for each of these quality traits studied, but in one location, the additive genetic effect was consistently more pronounced than the dominance genetic effect, while the reverse was the case in ...	1976	24414761
remote-sensing of crop yields.	our research efforts with durum wheat have led to the development of the sdd concept. its application makes possible crop yield estimates from remotely acquired canopy temperatures and auxiliary air temperature measurements obtained during the period from head emergence to the cessation of head growth. canopy albedo measurements appear adequate to delineate this critical period, making the technique potentially adaptable to predictions of crop yields by remote-sensing. the trifactor nomograms pr ...	1977	17733505
intrachromosomal distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by n-methyl-n-nitrosourethane in triticum durum desf.		1977	854044
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase of wheat grain.	succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.16) was purified 74-fold from wheat grain (triticum durum desf.). the enzyme appears quite specific for succinic semialdehyde (ssa). both nad and nadp support the oxidation of the substrate, but the former is 7-fold more active than the latter. the optimum ph for activity is around 9; the enzyme is stable in the ph range 6-9 and retains its whole activity up to 40°c. the enzyme activity is strongly dependent on the presence of mercaptoethanol, other ...	1978	24408099
[purification of a protein from the seeds of hard-grained wheat (triticum durum) and preparation of its immunospecific serum].		1978	737068
hypersensitivity to inhaled flour allergens. comparison between cereals.	radioallergosorbent testing (rast) of sera from subjects sensitized to wheat and rye flour indicated that there is significant reaction with seed extracts of 12 cereals (wheat, durum wheat, triticale, cereal rye, barley, rye grass, oats, canary grass, rice, maize, sorghum and johnson grass). results were evaluated in terms of taxonomic relationships and of the electrophoretically determined protein composition of the cereal extracts. rast uptakes were uniformly low in sera from four rhinitic bak ...	1980	6154431
morphological changes in strains of aspergillus flavus link ex fries and aspergillus parasiticus speare related with aflatoxin production.	two strains of aspergillus flavus link ex fr. and two strains of a. parasiticus speare were cultured on crushed moist wheat (triticum durum var. pané no. 257) for aflatoxin production studies in correlation with morphological changes. the toxicogenic strains were adapted to the substratum by means of successive transfers at regular intervals (72 h.) the amount aflatoxins synthesized by the toxicogenic strains decreased gradually after succesive subculturing. the decrease was accompanied by marke ...	1980	6780911
rate of synthesis of spermine and spermidine in germinating seeds of glycine, helianthus and triticum.	the spermine, spermidine, and the total protein content of embryos or embryonic axes from triticum durum, helianthus annuus, and glycine max seeds at different times of early germination was evaluated. mitotic activity of root-tip meristems from germinating seeds was also determined. the hypothesis is suggested that differences in polyamine and protein pattern during early germination could be correlated with the onset of mitotic activity and with the different characteristics of the seeds assay ...	1980	24311261
cyanide-insensitive and cyanide-sensitive o(2) uptake in wheat: i. gradient-purified mitochondria.	the mitochondrial fraction isolated from durum wheat seedlings by differential centrifugation demonstrated antimycin a- or cyanide-insensitive o(2) uptake. further purification of this initial mitochondrial pellet using a linear percoll (pharmacia) density gradient separated the mitochondria into two bands of physiologically distinct activity. based on the usual mitochondrial respiratory criteria of adp/o and respiratory control values, these fractions were qualitatively similar to the crude pel ...	1980	16661461
cyanide-insensitive and cyanide-sensitive o(2) uptake in wheat: ii. gradient-purified mitochondria lack cyanide-insensitive respiration.	enriched mitochondrial fractions isolated from durum wheat seedlings via differential centrifugation exhibited classical cyanide- or antimycin a-insensitive o(2) uptake which was inhibited by either salicylhydroxamic acid or propyl gallate. further purification of this fraction using percoll density gradients resulted in two discrete bands which were essentially homogeneous mitochondrial populations, as verified by electron microscopy. respiratory o(2) uptake in these two fractions was completel ...	1981	16661720
effects of protectants on the activity of wheat mitochondria.	a mitochondrial fraction was isolated from durum wheat seedlings via differential centrifugation using three different tissue grinding buffers. one buffer contained bovine serum albumin (bsa), a protein proven effective in protecting mitochondria from damage during isolation. the other two buffers contained either polyethyleneglycol of m.w. 20,000d (peg-20), a phenolic binding compound or peg-20 plus xad-2, a non-ionic adsorbent material. organelles isolated with the bsa exhibited an average adp ...	1981	7220493
in vitro assay for predicting protein efficiency ratio as measured by rat bioassay: collaborative study.	seven laboratories collaborated in testing the calculated protein efficiency ratio (c-per and dc-per). the collaborative study required each laboratory to analyze 6 foods and a control protein (anrc casein) for in vitro apparent protein digestibility, amino acid composition, and per via rat bioassay. the 6 foods or food ingredients tested were nonfat dry milk, cooked chicken muscle, protein-fortified dry breakfast cereal, textured soy protein, oat-based dry breakfast cereal, and durum wheat flou ...	1982	7118785
effects of gliadin-derived peptides from bread and durum wheats on small intestine cultures from rat fetus and coeliac children.	peptic-tryptic-cotazym (ptc) digests were obtained, simulating in vivo protein digestion, from albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin preparations from hexaploid (bread) wheat as well as from diploid (monococcum) and tetraploid (durum) wheat gliadins. the digest from bread wheat gliadins reversibly inhibited in vitro development and morphogenesis of small intestine from 17-day-old rat fetuses, whereas all the other digests (obtained both from nongliadin fractions and from gliadins from other wh ...	1982	7155669
effect of the d genome and of selection on photosynthesis in wheat.	photosynthesis and transpiration in wheats and in their progenitors were analyzed in relation to their genome, ploidy and selection. the values of these parameters markedly depend on a specific effect of the d genome and on leaf enlargement in the course of evolution in wheats. leaf enlargement has had a marked effect on photosynthesis in the genotypes that are devoid of the d genome; in addition, their photosynthetic capacity is greater in forms with lower leaf area. the increase in the mesophy ...	1982	24270498
two nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (e.c. 1.1.1.1) in callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale.	two nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases adh-1 and adh-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as adh-1 and adh-2 located on chromosomes 4a, 4b and 4d, have been reported in aestivum wheat (hart 1980). only adh-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. adh-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. expression of adh-1 and adh-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiate ...	1982	24270533
in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from celiac children and their first-degree relatives in response to wheat gliadin-derived peptides.	evidence is accumulating which indicates that immune reactions to gliadins are involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease, as humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses to gliadins have been demonstrated in the jejunal mucosa and the peripheral blood of patients. an abnormal specific immunological response to gliadins is demonstrated not only in celiac children but also in their first-degree relatives. seventy-eight percent of celiac patients, and 67, 87, and 100% of their fathers, siblings ...	1982	7186066
pulmonary reaction to durum wheat; a constituent of grain dust.	to identify constituents of grain dust responsible for grain handlers' respiratory symptoms, 11 volunteer grain elevator workers underwent inhalation provocation tests with extracts of durum wheat, durum wheat airborne dust, and grain insects and mites. factors that might influence the host response to the challenge were assessed. five of the 11 subjects showed a greater than 20 percent decrement in fev1 after inhalation of durum wheat extracts (airways reaction). the bronchial reactions were im ...	1982	6797794
chromosomal location of genes for gliadin polypeptides in durum wheat triticum turgidum l.	the chromosomal location of genes was determined for 19 of 30 gliadin bands extracted from seeds of a set of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. 'durum') aneuploids and durum cultivars. individual bands were identified by their relative mobility on polyacrylamide gels. the gene(s) for gliadin band 45, which has been associated with strong gluten by several authors, was shown to be controlled by chromosome 1 b. a band with similar mobility (band 46) was controlled by 'chinese spring' chromosom ...	1983	24265076
two-dimensional analysis of gliadin proteins associated with quality in durum wheat: chromosomal location of genes for their synthesis.	two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to fractionate the gliadin proteins from the endosperm of durum wheat. the increased resolution of the system, as compared with single-dimensional analysis, accentuated the heterogeneity of the proteins. this resolution, coupled with the use of aneuploid lines of the cultivar 'langdon', permitted identification of the chromosomes controlling synthesis of the major protein components. homoeologous group 1 chromosomes controlled omega- and gamma-gliadin syn ...	1983	24263930
photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, electron transport, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate of virescent and normal green wheat leaves.	co(2) gas exchange, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, and electron transport have been measured in leaves of a yellow-green mutant of wheat (triticum durum var cappelli) and its wild type strain grown in the field. all these parameters, expressed on leaf area basis, were similar in both genotypes except electron transport which was more than double in the wild type. these results, treated according to a recent photosynthesis model for c(3) plants, seem to indicate that the electron transport rate of mu ...	1983	16663175
morphology and chromosome pairing of a hybrid between triticum durum desf. and haynaldia villosa (l.) schur.	intergeneric hybrids between t. durum desf. (2n = 4x = 28, aabb) and haynaldia villosa (l.) schur. (2n = 2x = 14, vv) was obtained at a frequency of about 5.6% of pollinated florets. phenotypically the f1 plants resemble more the maternal parent than the h. villosa and are almost completely sterile. however, some seeds were obtained on selfed and backcrossed heads with the durum wheat parent. the hybrid had a somatic complement of 2n = 3x = 21, abv, with a mean chromosomal relationship of 13.62 ...	1983	24265082
effects of gliadin-derived peptides from bread and durum wheats on in vitro cultures of human cell lines. implications for coeliac disease pathogenesis.	a peptic-tryptic-cotazym digest, obtained from bread (hexaploid) wheat gliadins under experimental conditions mimicking in vivo protein digestion, was found to reduce in vitro viability of human embryo (mrc-5) and tumor cell (hep-2) lines. time of onset and extent of cytotoxic effects were largely dependent on initial peptide concentrations in the culture medium. the presence of 2% fetal calf serum was capable of delaying, but not of preventing, the onset of cytotoxic effects only in mrc-5 cultu ...	1983	6857727