Publications

[study of the influence of a new saponin of albizzia lebbek benth. on the germination and growth of chick-pea seeds (cicer arietinum linn.) and of barley seeds (hordeum vulgare linn.)].		1953	13126755
herbicide metabolism: n-glycoside of amiben isolated from soybean plants.	the n-glycoside of the herbicide 3-amino-2, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) was synthesized in the laboratory. the compound was chromatographically identical with a conjugate of amiben isolated from soybean plants, glycine max (l.) merr. the seeds of a tolerant plant, soybean, and of a susceptible one, barley (hordeum vulgare l.), were incubated in amiben labeled with carbon-14, and the seedlings were extracted. essentially all the radioactivity in soybean was present as a compound corresponding ...	1965	5891144
metabolic regulation in diseased leaves. i. the respiratory rise in barley leaves infected with powdery mildew.	photosynthetic and respiratory activities have been measured in leaves of hordeum vulgare l. var. manchuria (barley) after infection with erysiphe graminis var. hordei (powdery mildew). two isogenic lines, one resistant to infection and the other highly susceptible, were examined.these isogenic lines showed very different physiological responses following infection. photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content of resistant leaves was unaffected by infection. respiration increased slightly and this ...	1966	16656253
effect of oxygen on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration in detached leaves. ii. corn and other monocotyledons.	the effect of o(2) on the co(2) exchange of detached leaves of corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum vulgare), oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), timothy (phleum pratense) and cat-tail (typha angustifolia) was measured with a clark oxygen electrode and infrared carbon dioxide analysers in both open and closed systems.corn leaves did not produce co(2) in the light at any o(2) concentration, as was shown by the zero co(2) compensation point and the absence of a co(2) burst in the first minu ...	1966	16656272
loss of organic acids, amino acids, k, and cl from barley roots treated anaerobically and with metabolic inhibitors.	excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare, var. campana) lost organic acids, amino acids, k(+), and cl(-) within 15 minutes after initiation of anaerobic treatment or treatment with nacn and 2,4-dinitrophenol. initial loss of organic acids when roots were placed under n(2) is attributed to a decarboxylation reaction, possibly catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. organic and amino acids began to leak from the roots to the bathing medium after 1 to 2 hours under n(2), indicating injury t ...	1967	16656712
relationship of cell sap ph to organic acid change during ion uptake.	excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare, var. campana) were incubated in kcl, k(2)so(4), cacl(2), and nacl solutions at concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-2)n. changes in substrate solution ph, cell sap ph, and organic acid content of the roots were related to differences in cation and anion absorption. the ph of expressed sap of roots increased when cations were absorbed in excess of anions and decreased when anions were absorbed in excess of cations. the ph of the cell sap shifted in response to ...	1967	16656506
electrostatic association and donnan phenomena as mechanisms of ion accumulation.	excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare, var. campana) were incubated for periods up to 24 hours in salt solutions of various concentrations and ion accumulation was determined at various time intervals. the data were consistent with the existence of 2 components of ion uptake, one accounting for ion uptake from solutions below 1 mm and both components contributing to uptake from solutions of concentrations higher than 1 mm.it is proposed that organic and amino acids play an important role in i ...	1968	16656859
the association of gibberellin-like activity with the chloroplast fraction of leaf homogenates.	significant gibberellin-like activity has been detected in the 1000xg fraction of leaves of brassica oleracea var. acephala (canson kale) and hordeum vulgare (cv. "himalaya"). in kale and barley the qualitative pattern of activity found in the chloroplast fraction differs from that normally seen in total-leaf extracts. when expressed on a total chlorophyll or sample fresh-weight basis, approximately 16% of the gibberellin-like activity found in the leaf can be accounted for in the 1000xg or chlo ...	1968	24519602
accumulation of potassium and sodium by barley roots in a k-na replacement series.	excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare, var. campana) were incubated for 24 hr in solutions containing constant total concentrations of kcl and nacl but in which the mole fractions of k and na were varied in replacement series. in solutions containing 1, 10, or 50 mm concentrations of k(+) plus na(+), total cation accumulation was dependent upon the total salt concentration but was relatively independent of the mole fractions of k(+) and na(+). these results imply that accumulation of k(+) and ...	1969	16657235
effect of adsorbed cations on phosphorus uptake by excised roots.	pretreatment of excised roots of hordeum vulgare, zea mays, and glycine max with various salt solutions affected their subsequent rate of phosphorus absorption from 2 x 10(-5)m kh(2)po(4). the rate of absorption was greatest for roots pretreated with trivalent cations, intermediate with divalent cations and lowest with monovalent cations. it appeared that the pretreatment involved a rapid exchange reaction at the root surface which was reversible. a 1 min pretreatment was effective for more than ...	1969	16657122
some factors in the competition or antagonism among bacteria, algae, and aquatic weeds.	field observations of changes in the populations of aquatic weeds and phytoplankton have confirmed that aquatic weeds have antagonistic activity toward phytoplankton. nutritional studies in the laboratory indicate that cultures of the aquatic weeds, myriophyllum sp., ceratophyllum sp., and duckweed (lemma minor l.); liquid cultures of barley (hordeum vulgare l., dickson variety); and cultures of the filamentous green algae, cladophora sp. and pithophora oedogonium (mont.) withrock, will remain r ...	1969	27096454
carbon dioxide compensation points in related plant species.	both high and low c0(2) compensation concentrations were found in the plant genera-panicum, cyperus, and euphorbia. within each genus, however, high and low compensations were found in different subgenera. thus, they may not be genetically closely related. no significant differences in co(2) compensation were found among 100 genetic lines of triticum aestivum l. or among 20 lines of hordeum vulgare l.	1969	5774193
biphasic inhibition of photosynthesis in powdery mildewed barley.	a careful restudy of the photosynthetic process of barley (hordeum vulgare) infected with powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) is reported. unlike previous reports, which indicated a stimulation in infected host tissue photosynthesis during early stages of the disease followed by a rapid decline in activity, this study observed no stimulation but instead a biphasic inhibition in infected host photosynthesis under physiological concentrations of co(2). under high co(2) (1.0%) a stimul ...	1970	5429351
hydroperoxide isomerase: a new enzyme of lipid metabolism.	an enzyme has been isolated from flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) which utilizes the product of lipoxidase for its substrate. the enzyme, termed hydroperoxide isomerase, converts the conjugated diene hydroperoxide of linoleic acid to the corresponding monoenoic ketohydroxy fatty acid. the structure of the latter has been determined by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; periodate and permangate oxidation; gas chromatography; and thin layer chromatography. hydroperox ...	1970	16657484
interactions of lipoidal materials and a pyridazinone inhibitor of chloroplast development.	formation of chloroplast pigments was inhibited, and free fatty acids accumulated in mustard (brassica juncea [l.] coss.) cotyledons and in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) first leaves developed after treatment with 4-chloro-5- (dimethylamino)-2- (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl) -3 (2h) -pyridazinone. the inhibitor reduced the amount of fatty acids found in polar lipids (galactolipids) of barley chloroplasts and increased the amount in nonpolar lipids while having little effect on total conte ...	1971	16657757
translocation of carbon in powdery mildewed barley.	this paper compares translocation in healthy and powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, race cr3) infected barley (hordeum vulgare, variety manchuria). the sink-like properties of the powdery mildew infection were used to determine what effect imposing a sink in the midst of normal source tissue (mature primary leaf) had on the translocation process. the pattern of translocation was determined by monitoring the movement of (14)c which was photosynthetically incorporated from (14)c eith ...	1971	16657616
phytochrome control of another phytochrome-mediated process.	the phytochrome-mediated attachment of root tips of mung bean (phaseolus aureus) and barley (hordeum vulgare) to glass is affected by the prior exposure of hydrated seeds or seedlings to red or far red radiation. prior irradiation of seeds or seedlings of mung bean with red light promotes attachment, while far red light promotes detachment of root tips. similar exposure of barley seeds and seedlings to red light accentuates detachment, while far red light accentuates attachment of root tips. red ...	1972	16658001
the influence of barley stripe mosaic virus on the replication of tobacco mosaic virus in hordeum vulgare l.		1972	4673851
isolation of protoplasts from cereal leaves.	mature leaves of secale cereale cut into narrow strips and incubated for 18 h in a mixture of cellulase (meicelase) and pectinase (pectinol r10) produced quantities of protoplasts. under the same conditions leaves of triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and avena sativa also produce protoplasts but in lower yields. the wheat and rye protoplasts in culture appear to regenerate a cell wall but only a very small proportion undergo cell division.	1972	24481701
[investigations on the effects of a carbamate herbicide and of colchicine on mitosis of allium cepa and hordeum vulgare].	the marked differences in sensitivity of mitotically active root tip cells of hordeum and allium observed in response to a carbamate herbicide are not found in response to treatment with the spindle poison colchicine. hordeum was less sensitive than allium. colchicine inhibited the spindle and caused c-mitoses and polyploidy. the carbamate herbicide inhibited the spindle and strongly affected the chromosomes; arrest of mitosis was primarily caused by stickiness and pycnosis of the chromosomes, s ...	1972	24431066
comparative immunochemistry of phytochrome.	partially purified high molecular weight preparations of phytochrome, estimated to be close to 440,000 molecular weight based upon chromatography through a calibrated bio-gel p-300 column, were obtained from garry and newton oats (avena sativa l., cv. garry and cv. newton), rye (secale cereale l., cv. balbo), barley (horedum vulgare l., cv. harrison), and pea (pisum sativum l., cv. alaska) by a sequence of three chromatographic steps: brushite, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and bio-gel p-300. no ...	1973	16658285
thigmomorphogenesis: the response of plant growth and development to mechanical stimulation : with special reference to bryonia dioica.	when young plants of hordeum vulgare. bryonia dioica. cucumis sativus. phaseolus vulgaris. mimosa pudica. and ricinus communis. were given a gentle mechanical stimulus by rubbing the internodes for about 10 s once or twice daily, elongation was significantly retarded. plants of cucurbita pepo pisum sativum and triticum aestivum did not exhibit any such response. the initial response to rubbing was very rapid, elongation stopping less than 3 min after application of the stimulus. when the stimulu ...	1973	24458719
indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid antagonism: ii. on the phytochrome-mediated attachment of barley root tips on glass.	the effects of low concentrations (10 nm or less) of indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid on the phytochrome-mediated attachment of barley root (hordeum vulgare l., var. compana) tips on glass have been found to be opposite to those reported for mung bean root tips. unlike their effects on mung bean root tips, indoleacetic acid causes attachment while abscisic acid causes detachment of barley root tips. both hormones specifically and rapidly counteract the action of the other. no effect on the ph ...	1973	16658278
anaerobic nitrite production by plant cells and tissues: evidence for two nitrate pools.	tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi) xd cells containing nitrate and nitrate reductase stopped producing nitrite after approximately 1 hour when incubated under anaerobic conditions. the cessation of nitrite production was not due to an inactivation of the nitrate reducing system. this was shown by the ability of the cells to resume anaerobic nitrite production at a rate similar to the initial rate of nitrite production upon exposure to nitrate, monohydroxy alcohols or pyrazole. cessation o ...	1973	16658345
effect of abscisic acid on uptake and metabolism of [h]gibberellin a(1) and [h]pseudogibberellin a(1) by barley half-seeds.	uptake and metabolism of 1,2-[(3)h]gibberellin a(1) ([(3)h]ga(1), i) and its 3-hydroxy epimer ([(3)h]pseudoga(1), ii) by barley (hordeum vulgare l.) half-seeds were measured after 24 hours of incubation, in the presence or absence of abscisic acid in the media. uptake of both compounds was enhanced by abscisic acid, and abscisic acid enhanced the extent of metabolism of [(3)h]ga(1). however, [(3)h]pseudoga(1) was not metabolized, even in the presence of abscisic acid. the significance of the ste ...	1973	16658602
a method for high-frequency intergeneric fusion of plant protoplasts.	protoplasts of vicia hajastana grossh. obtained from suspension-culture cells and pisum sativum l. obtained from leaves adhered tightly to each other in concentrated solutions of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (peg). the adhesion occurred non-specifically between the free protoplasts from the same species as well as from the different species and genus. it was enhanced by enrichment of the peg solution with calcium. very few heteroplasmic fusions occurred during the period when the pr ...	1974	24458930
plant protoplast fusion and growth of intergeneric hybrid cells.	interspecific and intergeneric fusions of plant protoplasts were induced by polyethylene glycol (peg) 1540 or 4000. the frequency of heterokaryocyte formation (or rate of fusion) was much higher when peg was eluted with a high ph-high ca(2+) solution or a salt solution than when it was eluted with a protoplast culture medium. the frequency of heterokaryocyte formation was also affected by the types of enzymes used for wall degradation, duration of enzyme incubation and molality of the peg soluti ...	1974	24442697
evidence against the occurrence of adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in higher plants.	previous reports on the incorporation of [(14)c]adenine into adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic amp) in oat (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile sections, chick-pea (cicer arietinum l.) embryos and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers were reexamined. separation of labelled nucleotides on deae-sephadex a 25 showed that a peak of (14)c activity, previously considered to be cyclic amp, is not identical with this compound. attempts to detect the cyclic nucleotide by ...	1974	24442328
subcellular localization of the red-absorbing form of phytochrome by immunocytochemistry.	an immunocytochemical technique was used to localize the red-absorbing form of phytochrome at the light- or electron-microscope level in etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) coleoptile tip, rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptilar node, maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile tip, rye (secale cereale l.) coleoptile tip and coleoptilar node, and oat (avena sativa l.) root cap. staining for phytochrome in the cells was found to be generally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. in addition, barley also showed s ...	1974	24442776
phytochrome characterization by rabbit antiserum against high molecular weight phytochrome.	both small and large sizes of phytochrome purified from garry oat (avena sativa l. ev. garry) as well as large phytochrome purified from newton oat (a. sativa l. cv. newton), rye (secale cereale l. cv. balbo), barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. harrison), and pea (pisum sativum l. cv. alaska) seedlings are characterized by a specific antiserum against large garry oat phytochrome. a spur is observed by double diffusion assay against large and small garry oat phytochrome indicating only partial identi ...	1975	16659052
[the effect of phospholipids on starch metabolism].	the presence of phospholipids reduces the breakdown of amylose catalyzed by β-amylase, phosphorylase and α-amylase. the activities of the β-amylases of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) disminish to less than 10% of the activity in the control without the phospholipids. when the amylose was complexed with phospholipids the activity of the α-amylase of bacillus subtilis was reduced to about 25% of the control value. a similar effect was observed for the amylases of ze ...	1976	24430907
cell elongation in the grass pulvinus in response to geotropic stimulation and auxin application.	horizontally-placed segments of avena sativa l. shoots show a negative geotropic response after a period of 30 min. this response is based on cell elongation on the lower side of the leaf-sheath base (pulvinus). triticum aestivum l., hordeum vulgare l. and secale cereale l. also show geotropic responses that are similar to those in avena shoots. the pulvinus is a highly specialized organ with radial symmetry and is made up of epidermal, vascular, parenchymatous and collenchymatous tissues. stato ...	1976	24424826
[light dependence of phytol accumulation. a contribution to the question of chlorophyll biosynthesis].	phytol is identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and its concentration determined (range 0.005-3 μg) in darkgrown and irradiated plants. seeds of oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) contain bound phytol (2-5 μg/g). the phytol content decreases during germination in the dark. phytol synthesis in dark-grown seedlings starts in the light and stops in the dark again. the degradation of phytol in the dark is much slower than that of chl ...	1976	24424592
occurrence of a high temperature sensitivity of chloroplast ribosome formation in several higher plants.	a specific high temperature-induced deficiency of chloroplast ribosome formation, as indicated by the absence of chloroplast rrna, has been observed in the leaves of light- or dark-grown seedlings of avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare l., and triticum aestivum l. at certain temperatures between 28 and 34 c. while the growth of the leaves (size, morphology, total amino nitrogen content) was little affected by the elevated temperature, chlorophyll accumulation was strongly inhibited, amounting to on ...	1977	16659957
distribution of chloroplast coupling factor (cf1) particles on plastid membranes during development.	samples of internal membrane systems separated from lysates of intact plastids from dark grown avena sativa l. (vars, cooba and mostyn) and hordeum vulgare l. (vars, himalaya and deba abed) given different periods of illumination before isolation were assayed for trypsin-activated ca(2+)-dependent atpase activities and also examined in the electron microscope after treatment in the manner described by oleszko and moudinanakis (1974) which assists the visualization of the chloroplast coupling fac ...	1977	24420023
examination of ribosome-like particles in isolated prolamellar bodies.	potential methods for the preparation of fractions enriched in prolamellar bodies (plbs) were examined in detail. sucrose density gradient centrifugation methods gave fractions consisting almost exclusively of plbs whilst those methods employing differential centrifugation were quite successful but contained greater quantities of lamellar membranes. greater difficulty was experienced in obtaining detached plbs which retained their "ribosome-like" lattice particles. no modification to density gra ...	1977	24419578
differential effect of irradiance and nutrient nitrate on the relationship of in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase assay in chlorophyllous tissues.	growth at increasing continuous irradiance (at high nutrient nitrate) and nutrient nitrate concentrations (at high continuous irradiance) furnished increases in the in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase activities of corn (zea mays l.), field peas (pisum arvense l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and globe amaranth (gomphrena globosa l.) leaves and of marrow (cucurbita pepo l.) cotyledons. ratios of in vivo to in vitro activity declined exponentially in all species ...	1977	16659888
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.	the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...	1977	24419571
regulation of chloroplast photosynthetic activity by exogenous magnesium.	magnesium was most inhibitory to photosynthetic reactions by intact chloroplasts when the magnesium was added in the dark before illumination. two millimolar mgcl(2), added in the dark, inhibited co(2)-dependent o(2) evolution by hordeum vulgare l. and spinacia oleracea l. (c(3) plants) chloroplasts 70 to 100% and inhibited (pyruvate + oxaloacetate)-dependent o(2) evolution by digitaria sanguinalis l. (c(4) plant) mesophyll chloroplasts from 80 to 100%. when mg(2+) was added in the light, o(2) e ...	1978	16660509
water potential in excised leaf tissue: comparison of a commercial dew point hygrometer and a thermocouple psychrometer on soybean, wheat, and barley.	leaf water potential (psi(leaf)) determinations were made on excised leaf samples using a commercial dew point hygrometer (wescor inc., logan, utah) and a thermocouple psychrometer operated in the isopiestic mode. with soybean leaves (glycine max l.), there was good agreement between instruments; equilibration times were 2 to 3 hours. with cereals (triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l.), agreement between instruments was poor for moderately wilted leaves when 7-mm-diameter punches were use ...	1978	16660227
levels of short-chain fatty acids and of abscisic acid in water-stressed and non-stressed leaves and their effects on stomata in epidermal strips and excised leaves.	straight-chain saturated fatty acids (c6-c11) and abscisic acid (aba) accumulate in the leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. and hordeum vulgare l. under water stress. aba and certain of the fatty acids, particularly decanoic and undecanoic acid, can inhibit stomatal opening and cause stomatal closure in epidermal strips of commelina communis l. depending on the incubating medium used. 10(-4) m (±)-aba inhibits opening in media containing either high or relatively low concentrations of kcl but causes ...	1978	24414272
effect of triacontanol on plant cell cultures in vitro.	triacontanol [ch(3)(ch(2))(28)ch(2)oh] increased growth in vitro of cell cultures of haploid tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). the fresh weight of cell cultures of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), potato (solanum tuberosum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), and barley (hordeum vulgare x h. jubatum) was also increased. the increase in growth of tobacco callus seems to have been due to an increase in cell number. another long chain alcohol, octocosanol [ch(3)(ch(2))(26)ch(2)oh], did not increase the growth ...	1978	16660401
oxidation of proline by plant mitochondria.	mitochondria isolated from etiolated shoots of corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), soybean (glycine max l. merr.), and mung bean (phaseolus aureus) exhibited a proline-dependent o(2) uptake subject to respiratory control. adp/o ratios with proline as substrate were intermediate between ratios obtained with exogenous nadh and malate + pyruvate as substrates. isotope studies showed proline metabolism to be dependent on o(2), but not nad. the major ninhydrin-positi ...	1978	16660461
investigations into rhizosphere microflora of some plants in libya.	the present investigation deals with the effect of raising hordeum vulgare and arachis hypogaea at two different stages on the microbial rhizosphere population. the studies were extended to reveal the microbiological occurrence in different horizons of a soil profile corresponding in length to root regions. bacteria were most abundant, followed by actinomycetes while fungi were less abundant and more restricted in their distribution. the three groups of microorganisms varied markedly in the rhiz ...	1979	494853
bacteria-mediated uptake of choline sulfate by plants: bacterial effectiveness.	the ability of bacteria to cause rapid uptake of choline sulfate in plants, i.e., effectiveness, was studied using pseudomonas tolaasii and excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). once effective, bacteria remained so after being killed by treatments which cause little damage to their outer structure. however, effectiveness was destroyed by disruption of the cell wall, protein reagents, a mild heat treatment or removal of mg2+. effective bacteria adsorbed choline sulfate. this adsorption ha ...	1980	7397169
cell wall appositions and plant disease resistance: acoustic microscopy of papillae that block fungal ingress.	plant cells react to localized stress by forming wall appositions outside their protoplasts on the inner surface of their cellulose walls. for many years it has been inferred that appositions elicited by encroaching fungi, termed "papillae," may subsequently also deter them and thus represent a disease-resistance mechanism. recently, it has been shown that preformed, oversized papillae, experimentally produced in coleoptile cells of compatible barley, hordeum vulgare, can completely prevent dire ...	1980	16592804
primer dependent and independent forms of soluble starch synthetase from developing barley endosperms.	the activity of soluble starch synthetase (adp-glucose: α-1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyltransferase) in the non-purified extract from 16 day-old bomi barley endosperms (hordeum vulgare l.) was low and the reaction was non-linear when plotted against protein concentration. starch synthetase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and deae-cellulose chromatography and separated into four fractions. in the absence of an added carbohydrate primer two of the four fractions catalized the synthesis of ...	1980	24310146
use of lilium longiflorum, cv. ace pollen germination and tube elongation as a bioassay for the hepatocarcinogens, aflatoxins.	although various animal tissues are used for bioassay of aflatoxins (b1, b2, g1, g2), a rapid bioassay dependent upon a plant part's response does not exist. both pollen germination (g) and tube elongation (te) were enhanced in a 3.0 mm kh2po4 (k)-containing but afb1-lacking, modified dickinson's medium. the b1 did not affect g when k was withheld but k supplementation impaired g above 15 micrograms/ml b1. without k, 5-20 stimulated but 25 and 30 micrograms/ml b1 inhibited te which was suppresse ...	1981	7274186
covalent labelling of the nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from etioplast membranes with [3h]n-phenylmaleimide.	[3h]n-phenylmaleimide has been used to covalently label in a specific manner the substrate-protected thiol groups of the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase. in membrane preparations from oat (avena sativa) and runner-bean (phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings, two related peptides of mol.wts. 35000/37000 and 34000/35000 respectively and showing properties expected of the reductase have been identified, whereas the same technique with barley (hordeum vulgare) extracts resulted in labelling a single pe ...	1981	7306063
differential compartmentation of gibberellin a(1) and its metabolites in vacuoles of cowpea and barley leaves.	the metabolism and efflux of gibberellin a(1) (ga(1)) taken up by leaves of cowpea (vigna sinensis cv. blackeye pea no. 5), as well as the distribution of ga(1) metabolites in the protoplasts and vacuoles of cowpea and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. numar), were studied.ga(1) is metabolized rapidly in cowpea leaf discs to products tentatively identified as gibberellin a(8) (ga(8)) and gibberellin a(8) glucoside (ga(8)-glu). after labeling leaf discs with [(3)h]ga(1) for 1 hour, the release of ra ...	1981	16662014
effects of iron and oxygen on chlorophyll biosynthesis : i. in vivo observations on iron and oxygen-deficient plants.	corn (zea mays, l.), bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), and sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) grown under iron deficiency, and potamogeton pectinatus l, and potamogeton nodosus poir. grown under oxygen deficiency, contained less chlorophyll than the controls, but accumulated mg-protoporphyrin ix and/or mg-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester. no significant accumulation of these intermediates was detected in the controls or in the tissue of plants ...	1982	16662138
emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine.	leaf discs and detached leaves exposed to l-cysteine emitted a volatile sulfur compound which was proven by gas chromatography to be h(2)s. this phenomenon was demonstrated in all nine species tested (cucumis sativus, cucurbita pepo, nicotiana tabacum, coleus blumei, beta vulgaris, phaseolus vulgaris, medicago sativa, hordeum vulgare, and gossypium hirsutum). the emission of volatile sulfur by cucumber leaves occurred in the dark at a similar rate to that in the light. the emission of leaf discs ...	1982	16662510
investigation of the mechanism of action of a chlorosis-inducing toxin produced by pseudomonas phaseolicola.	a toxin that induced chlorotic haloes (typifying haloblight disease) on primary leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. (var. canadian wonder) was partially purified from culture filtrates of the causative agent pseudomonas phaseolicola (burkh.) dowson. this material was used to investigate chlorosis induction. haloes could only be induced in those bean leaves that were expanding and synthesizing chlorophyll (chl); the toxin, therefore, does not promote chl breakdown. chl, carotene, and xanthophyll synt ...	1982	16662646
metabolism of [(14)c]flamprop-isopropyl in suspension cultures from medicago sativa and phaseolus sp.	metabolism of the selective herbicide flamprop-isopropyl (isopropyl-n-benzoyl-n-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate) in suspension cultures of the dicotyledons phaseolus vulgaris, p. multiflorus and medicago sativa showed general similarities be, but particular variations from, that reported in intact plants of hordeum vulgare. hydrolysis of the ester and conjugation were major routes, but some hydroxylation and hydrolysis of the amide was also observed. the implications of these variati ...	1982	24259137
fractionation and characterization of histones from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves : existence of multiple h2a and h2b variants.	histones were extracted from purified nuclei isolated from four cereals,viz. barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat(triticum aestivum), aegilops squarrosa and corn (zea mais), and from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). analysis of the histones on sds gels showed complex electrophoretic patterns with one species of both h3 and h4, one to three species of h1 and two to five species of h2. judged from the electrophoretic patterns, the histones from barley, wheat and aegilops are identical but different from th ...	1983	24318303
specific determination of alpha-amylase activity in crude plant extracts containing beta-amylase.	the specific measurement of alpha-amylase activity in crude plant extracts is difficult because of the presence of beta-amylases which directly interfere with most assay methods. methods compared in this study include heat treatment at 70 degrees c for 20 min, hgcl(2) treatment, and the use of the alpha-amylase specific substrate starch azure. in comparing alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr.), and malted barley (hordeum vulgare l.), the starch azure assay was the only ...	1983	16662809
differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants.	the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ...	1983	16663117
p(700) chlorophyll a-protein : purification, characterization, and antibody preparation.	the p(700) chlorophyll alpha-protein was purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) gel electrophoresis from sds-solubilized barley (hordeum vulgare l., cv himalaya) chloroplast membranes. after elution from the gel in the presence of 0.05 to 0.1% triton x-100, the recovered protein had a chlorophyll/p(700) ratio of 50 to 60/1 and contained no chlorophyll b or cytochromes. analysis of the polypeptide composition of the chlorophyll-protein revealed a 58 to 62 kilodalton (kd) polypeptide ...	1983	16663057
interaction of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with 2-carboxyhexitol 1,6-bisphosphates.	2-c-carboxy-d-glucitol 1,6-bisphosphate (cgbp) and 2-c-carboxy-d-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate (cmbp) have been synthesized, isolated, and the structures of these compounds and the derived lactones elucidated by nmr spectroscopy and periodate oxidation. both carboxyhexitol bisphosphates, which are homologs of the transition state analog 2-c-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate, exhibit competitive inhibiton of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.9) isolated from spinach (spinacia ...	1983	6573158
multiple molecular forms of the gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase from the aleurone layers of barley seeds.	a class of plant growth regulators, gibberellins, induce the synthesis of alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.1) in the aleurone layers of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. himalaya) seeds. the purified alpha-amylase is composed of multiple isozymic forms with indistinguishable molecular weights, but different net charges. these alpha-amylase isozymes separate on isoelectric focusing gels into two groups, each containing multiple species. one group has an apparent isoelect ...	1983	6191665
glycerate kinase from leaves of c3 plants.	d-glycerate-3-kinase (ec 2.7.1.31) in six c3 species, including dicots (pisum sativum, spinacea oleracea, antirrhinum majus) and monocots (secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, avena sativa), ranged in activity from 44 to 353 mumol x mg chl-1 x h-1. studies with protoplast extracts of these species indicate that the enzyme is localized in the chloroplasts. glycerate kinase was partially purified from secale (rye, 288-fold) and pisum (pea, 252-fold) chloroplasts by deae-cellulose chromatography, sucro ...	1983	6307152
regulation of synthesis of the photosystem i reaction center.	the in vivo biosynthesis of the p700 chlorophyll a-apoprotein was examined to determine whether this process is light regulated and to determine its relationship to chlorophyll accumulation during light-induced chloroplast development in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). rabbit antibodies to the 58,000-62,000-mol-wt apoprotein were used to measure relative synthesis rates by immunoprecipitation of in vivo labeled leaf proteins and to detect apoprotein accumulation on nitrocellulose protein blots. 5-d ...	1983	6358234
molecular analysis of the effects of the lys 3a gene on the expression of hor loci in developing endosperms of barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	the lys 3a gene present in the barley mutant ris phi 1508 results in an increased content of lysine in the grain. previous studies have shown that this increase results from a decreased accumulation of hordein and an increase in other more lysine-rich proteins and in free amino acids. we report here a detailed examination of the effects of this gene on the different groups of hordein polypeptides and the mrnas encoding them. the amounts of the two major groups of hordein polypeptides (b and c ho ...	1984	6428392
structural characterization of a higher plant calmodulin : spinacia oleracea.	calmodulin is a eukaryotic calcium binding protein which has several calcium-dependent in vitro activities. presented in this report is a structural characterization of calmodulin from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea). spinach calmodulin may be representative of higher plant calmodulins in general since calmodulin from the monocotyledon barley (hordeum vulgare) is indistinguishable by a variety of physical, chemical, and functional criteria (schleicher, lukas, watterson 1983 plant physiol 73: ...	1984	16663705
a comparison of methods for determining compartmental analysis parameters.	the traditional method for determining compartmental analysis parameters relies on a visual selection of data points to be used for regression of data from each cellular compartment. this method is appropriate when the compartments are kinetically discrete and are easily discernible. however, where treatment effects on compartment parameters are being evaluated, a more objective method for determining initial parameters is desirable.three methods were examined for determining initial isotopic co ...	1984	16663970
rapid production of recombinant barley yellow mosaic virus resistant hordeum vulgare lines by anther culture.	in a winter barley breeding program for barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) resistance, the resistant six-rowed cv. franka was crossed to 17 susceptible and two resistant cultivars, three of which were tworowed. a total of 233,445 anthers of the 19 hybrids and their parents were cultured and 831 green plants regenerated. anther culture responsiveness varied greatly between genotypes, and the responsiveness of f1hybrids was generally related to that of the more responsive (high) parent. on average ...	1984	24258661
characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of monoclonal antibodies to pisum and avena phytochrome.	nine monoclonal antibodies to pea (pisum sativum l.) and 16 to oat (avena sativa l.) phytochrome are characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against phytochrome from six different sources: pea, zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), oat, rye (secale cereale l.), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). all antibodies were raised against phytochrome with a monomer size near 120,000 daltons. nevertheless, none of them discriminated qualitatively between 118/114-kilodalton oa ...	1984	16663365
the accumulation and assimilation of dimethylselenide by four plant species.	plants of agrostis tenuis sibth., hordeum vulgare l., lycopersicon esculentum mill. and raphanus sativus l. were grown hydroponically in sealed systems and fumigated with 8 μg m(-3) [(75)se]-dimethylselenide. the accumulation of (75)se was measured and the shoot tissues were extracted to examine the products of the (75)se assimilation. characteristic differences were observed between species in the accumulation of (75)se and the transport from shoots to roots. high-voltage electrophoresis and ch ...	1984	24258422
changes in percentage organic carbon content during ontogeny.	changes in percentage organic carbon content were assessed during the first five weeks of growth of uniculm barley (hordeum vulgare) and brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea) plants grown in controlled-environment conditions at two constant temperatures, 16° and 22°c. foliage (leaf laminae), stem, and root material was assayed in both species, together with leaf sheaths of barley and cotyledon laminae of brussels sprouts. in barley, there was a decline in percentage organic carbon content with in ...	1984	24258410
fusion characteristics of plant protoplasts in electric fields.	the electrical parameters important in the fusion of plant protoplasts aligned dielectrophoretically in high-frequency alternating electric fields have been established. protoplasts were aligned in an alternating electric field between two relatively distant (1 mm) electrodes, by dielectrophoresis induced by field inhomogeneities caused by the protoplasts themselves. this arrangement allowed ease of manipulations, large throughput and low loss of protoplasts. in analytical experiments, sufficien ...	1985	24241045
hmg-like protein in barley and corn nuclei.	chromosomal proteins have been isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) and corn (zea mays) nuclei by extraction with 5% perchloric acid. in each plant, one protein was shown to belong to the hmg proteins. their molecular weights are very close to that of hmg 14 from chicken erythrocytes, as shown by electrophoretic mobility in sds polyacrylamide gels. in acetic acid-urea-triton polyacrylamide gels they migrate between hmg 1,2 and hmg 14, from chicken erythrocytes. their amino acid compositions ar ...	1985	24310753
effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in c3 and c 4 plants.	the effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (ga3) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including c3 monocots (triticum aestivum l., wheat, hordeum vulgare l., barley and avena sativa l., oat), c3 dicots (vigna radiata l., mung bean, cucurbita moschata l., squash and capsicum annuum l., pepper), c4 monocots (zea mays l., corn, sorghum vulgare l., sorghum and panicum ramosum l., millet) and c4 dicots (amaranthus retroflexus l., pigweed, kochia scoparis l., kochia and gomph ...	1985	24442874
activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases in various plant species.	in extracts from the youngest leaves of avena sativa, hordeum vulgare, zea mays, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to v(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled ornithine. the arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per ...	1985	16664442
chloroplast biogenesis 49 : differences among angiosperms in the biosynthesis and accumulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide during photoperiodic greening.	various angiosperms differed in their monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic capabilities during the dark and light phases of photoperiodic growth. some plant species such as cucumis sativus l., brassica juncea (l.) coss., brassica kaber (dc.) wheeler, and portulaca oleracea l. accumulated mainly divinyl protochlorophyllide at night. monocotyledonous species such as avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare l., triticum secale l., zea mays l., and some dicotyledonous species such as phase ...	1985	16664351
proteins in intercellular washing fluid from noninoculated and rust-affected leaves of wheat and barley.	proteins in intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves were separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with coomassie brilliant blue (cbb) or silver. intracellular protein from the cut ends of leaves accounted for only a small proportion of total protein in iwf from wheat leaves. when these were heavily infected with the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) and grown at ...	1985	16664314
decrease in three messenger rna species coding for chloroplast proteins in leaves of barley infected with erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei.	cloned hybridization probes have been used to investigate the effect of infection of susceptible hordeum vulgare cv prior by erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on the abundance of host mrnas coding for the large (lsu) and precursor to the small (ssu) subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the rapidly metabolized 32kd thylakoid protein (32kdp). in leaf rna preparations from control (noninoculated) plants the amount of mrna for the lsu and ssu declined from 7 to 11 days after ...	1985	16664347
stimulation of glutathione synthesis in photorespiring plants by catalase inhibitors.	the effect of various herbicides on glutathione levels in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.), and corn (zea mays l.) was examined. illumination of excised barley, tobacco, and soybean plants for 8 hours in solution containing 2 millimolar aminotriazole (a catalase inhibitor) resulted in an increase in leaf glutathione from 250 to 400 nanomoles per gram fresh weight to 600 to 1800 nanomoles per gram fresh weight, depending on the species ...	1985	16664526
evidence for a specific uptake system for iron phytosiderophores in roots of grasses.	roots of grasses in response to iron deficiency markedly increase the release of chelating substances (;phytosiderophores') which are highly effective in solubilization of sparingly soluble inorganic fe(iii) compounds by formation of fe(iii)phytosiderophores. in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), the rate of iron uptake from fe(iii)phytosiderophores is 100 to 1000 times faster than the rate from synthetic fe chelates (e.g. fe ethylenediaminetetraacetate) or microbial fe siderophores (e.g. ferrichrome) ...	1986	16664577
phase transitions in liposomes formed from the polar lipids of mitochondria from chilling-sensitive plants.	the thermal response of mitochondrial polar lipids from a variety of chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive plants was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. a phase transition was observed at 15 degrees c for mitochondria from soybeam (glycine max. cv davis) hypocotyl, at 16 degrees c for tomato (lycopersicon esculentum cv flora-dade and cv grosse lisse) fruit, at 15 degrees c for cucumber (cucumus sativus l.) fruit, at 14 degrees c for mung bean (vigna radiata var berken) hypoco ...	1986	16664907
the structure of an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis isolated from barley.	purification of the oily, nonpolar fraction of high protein barley (hordeum vulgare l.) flour by high pressure liquid chromatography yielded 10 major components, two (i, ii) of which were potent inhibitors of cholesterogenesis in vivo and in vitro. the addition of purified inhibitor i (2.5-20 ppm) to chick diets significantly decreased hepatic cholesterogenesis and serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and concomitantly increased lipogenic activity. the high resolution mass spectro ...	1986	3733719
new alpha-amylase and trypsin inhibitors among the cm-proteins of barley (hordeum vulgare).	barley cm-proteins are a group of at least five salt-soluble components (cma-e) that can be selectively extracted from endosperm with chloroform/methanol mixtures. n-terminal sequences of proteins cma, cmb and cmc have been determined and found to be homologous to those previously determined for cmd and cme, an observation which confirms that their structural genes are members of a dispersed multi-gene family. the purified cm-proteins were tested against trypsin and against alpha-amylases from s ...	1986	3484638
carbon and nitrogen metabolism in a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mutant with impaired chloroplast dicarboxylate transport.	a mutant line, rpr79/2, of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. maris mink) has been isolated that has an apparent defect in photorespiratory nitrogen metabolism. the metabolism of (14)c-labelled glutamine, glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate indicates that the mutant has a greatly reduced ability to synthesise glutamate, especially in air, although in-vitro enzyme analysis indicates the presence of wild-type activities of glutamine synthetase (ec 6.3.1.2) glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1 and ec 1.4.1.14) and ...	1986	24232140
buffer capacities of leaves, leaf cells, and leaf cell organelles in relation to fluxes of potentially acidic gases.	since environmental pollution by potentially acidic gases such as so(2) causes proton release inside leaf tissues, homogenates of needles of spruce (picea abies) and fir (abies alba) and of leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea) and barley (hordeum vulgare) were titrated and buffer capacities were determined as a function of ph. titration curves of barley leaves were compared with titration curves of barley mesophyll protoplasts. from the protoplasts, chloroplasts and vacuoles were isolated and s ...	1986	16664863
selective expression of a probable amylase/protease inhibitor in barley aleurone cells: comparison to the barley amylase/subtilisin inhibitor.	we have cloned and sequenced a 650-nucleotide cdna from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers encoding a protein that is closely related to a known α-amylase inhibitor from indian finger millet (eleusine coracana gaertn.), and that has homologies to certain plant trypsin inhibitors. mrna for this probable amylase/protease inhibitor (papi) is expressed primarily in aleurone tissue during late development of the grain, as compared to that for the amylase/subtilisin inhibitor, which is expres ...	1986	24232429
the relationship between phosphate status and photosynthesis in leaves : effects on intracellular orthophosphate distribution, photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning.	photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning and intracellular distribution of orthophosphate (pi) in barly (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were measured in plants grown with either 25, 1 or 0 mmol· 1(-1) nutrient phosphate supply. phosphate deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in the leaf pi, diminished rates of photosynthesis and a decrease in the sucrose/starch ratio in the leaves. changes in the cytoplasmic pi content were relatively small in comparison with the large variations in vacuolar ...	1986	24240306
chloroplast biogenesis. demonstration of the monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylic routes of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants.	it is shown that barley (hordeum vulgare), a dark monovinyl/light divinyl plant species, and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) a dark divinyl/light divinyl plant species synthesize monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide in darkness from monovinyl and divinyl protoporphyrin ix via two distinct monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylic chlorophyll biosynthetic routes. evidence for the operation of monovinyl monocarboxylic biosynthetic routes consisted (a) in demonstrating the conversion of delta-aminole ...	1986	3759979
regulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein biosynthesis in greening seedlings : a species comparison.	the biosynthesis of the chlorophyll a/b binding protein associated with photosystem ii (lhc-ii) was characterized during light-induced greening of etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare [l.] cv boone), maize (zea mays [l.] pioneer 3148), pea (pisum sativum [l.] cv progress 9), and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv ransom 2). northern blot analysis revealed that pea lhc-ii mrna was present in dark-grown seedlings and accumulated rapidly within 1 hour following illumination with white light. in contra ...	1987	16665840
cdna cloning of mrnas induced in resistant barley during infection by erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei.	near-isogenic cultivars of hordeum vulgare which differ for the mlp gene for resistance to erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei were inoculated with race 3 of this pathogen and in vitro translation products of mrna populations compared by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. this revealed the presence of new mrna species in infected leaves compared to non-inoculated controls. these new mrna species were more abundant in resistant leaves than susceptible leaves. a cdna library was prepar ...	1987	24302526
stomatal aperture oscillations of abutilon theophrasti medic. and hordeum vulgare l. examined by three techniques.	temporal fluctuations of stomatal aperture are important to water use efficiency. techniques that use point measurements widely spaced in time such as diffusive resistance porometry (drp) or pot weighing (pw) may not provide a complete description of changes in stomatal aperture. three techniques, drp, pw, and continuous flow porometry (cfp), were used to examine stomatal aperture changes in hordeum vulgare l. and abutilon theophrasti medic. plants maintained in controlled environment chambers a ...	1987	3601979
biomass production and nitrogen content of c3- and c4- grasses in pure and mixed culture with different nitrogen supply.	two c3 grasses (hordeum vulgare l., avena sativa l.) and two c4 grasses (panicum miliaceum l., panicum crus-galli l.) were cultivated in standard soil in the open air in pure cultures and in various mixed cultures at low and high nitrogen fertilization levels. after three months the dry weight, length and nitrogen content of the aboveground and below-ground parts of the plants and the shoot/root ratios were determined. hordeum vulgare was the most successful species irrespective of the nitrogen ...	1987	28312237
polyamine changes during senescence and tumorogenesis in plants.	putrescine, spermidine, spermine and two unknowns designated as a and b were detected in first seedling leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. wolfe). the levels of these polyamines in first seedling leaves from 4-day-old barley plants grown in darkness or in light were comparable and did not change significantly after exposure of dark grown plants to light for 24 h. no significant consistent changes in the amounts of above polyamines, except perhaps decline in spermidine, were noted during s ...	1987	3695590
identification of a chloroplast-encoded 9-kda polypeptide as a 2[4fe-4s] protein carrying centers a and b of photosystem i.	an improved procedure is reported for large-scale preparation of photosystem i (ps-i) vesicles from thylakoid membranes of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the ps-i vesicles contain polypeptides of molecular masses 82, 18, 16, 14, and 9 kda in an apparent molar ratio of 4:2:2:1:2. the 18-, 16-, and 9-kda polypeptides were purified to homogeneity after exposure of the ps-i vesicles to chaotropic agents. the isolated 9-kda polypeptide binds 65-70% of the zero-valence sulfur of denatured ps-i vesicles, ...	1987	3305512
the effects of salt on the pattern of protein synthesis in barley roots.	the effect of salt stress on the incorporation of [(35)s]methionine into protein was examined in roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout 72). plants were grown in nutrient solution with or without 200 millimolar nacl. roots of intact plants were labeled in vivo and proteins were extracted and analyzed by fluorography of two-dimensional gels. although the protein patterns for control and salt-stressed plants were qualitatively similar, the net synthesis of a number of proteins w ...	1987	16665281
longidorus breviannulatus as a vector for brome mosaic virus.		1987	19290121
investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland.	the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ...	1987	19290286
comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity.	wild barley (hordeum spontaneum k.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern mediterranean countries, jordan, syria, turkey and greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. apportionment of overall diversity in the region show ...	1988	17246441
separation and immunological characterization of membrane fractions from barley roots.	tonoplast and plasma membranes (pm) were isolated from barley roots (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout 72) using sucrose step gradients. the isolation procedure yielded sufficient quantities of pm and tonoplast vesicles that were sealed and of the right orientation to measure atp-dependent proton transport in vitro. the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, tonoplast-plus-golgi membrane (tg) and pm fractions were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and immunoblots were used to test ...	1988	16665976
optimal conditions for the use of cdna probes to measure the concentration of barley yellow dwarf virus in barley (hordeum vulgare).	experiments which optimise the conditions for the measurement of the relative concentration of bydv in barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues using cdna probes are described herein. these studies have shown that both the ph of the buffer and the ratio of buffer to tissue used to homogenise plant material greatly affects the amount of cdna probe which hybridises to leaf extracts immobilised on nitrocellulose. these studies also showed that the measurement of this virus was greatly facilitated by using ...	1988	3372676
the a- and b-chains of carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley originate from a single precursor polypeptide.	carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley (hordeum vulgare) grain consists of two peptide chains linked by disulfides; the a- and b-chains contain 266 and 148 amino acid residues, respectively (sorensen, s. b., breddam, k., and svendsen, i. (1986) carlsberg res. commun. 51, 475-485). a cdna library prepared from mrna isolated from scutella of 2-day germinated barley has now been screened with a mixed oligonucleotide encoding a peptide fragment of the a-chain. nucleotide sequence analysis of a 14 ...	1988	3403516
chloroplast dna diversity in populations of wild and cultivated barley.	chloroplast dna (cpdna) diversity was found within and among populations (245 accessions total) of wild barley, hordeum vulgare l. ssp. spontaneum koch from israel and iran. three polymorphic restriction sites (hindiii, ecori, bcli) which define three distinct cpdna lineages were detected. one lineage is common to populations in the hule valley and kinneret of northern israel, and in iran. the second lineage is found predominantly in the lower jordan valley and negev. the distribution of the thi ...	1988	2906305