Publications

chess and checkers for the blind.		1946	20982865
radiotherapy of accessible malignant tumors by alternating chess-board method.		1949	18141888
the study of connective-tissue reaction to radiation; the sieve or chess method.		1949	18140404
chess as a form of recreational therapy.		1949	18124746
a chess-playing machine.		1950	15402252
[chiropractic based upon cheat].		1953	13066539
problems in the diagnosis of q fever by complement-fixation tests.	for the selection of a suitable antigen concentration for use in routine complement-fixation tests with q-fever antisera, a rigid system of antigen units is unsatisfactory. the optimum antigen dilution should be judged after inspection of the results of full "chess-board" titrations with a variety of antisera. non-specific reactions may occur with sera from patients with primary atypical pneumonia or sera which have deteriorated during storage. these may be detected with a typhus antigen or some ...	1955	13284559
the chess-board excision technique: a new technique in the treatment of angioma scrotalis.		1957	13510572
[how to start a practice as a healer and to cheat the treasury].		1960	14419259
chess, oedipus and the mater dolorosa.		1960	14437107
[on reactions of patients with schizophrenia to the game of chess].		1961	14494935
computer program for finding mating combinations in chess.		1964	5888772
fits at chess.		1965	20790779
chess epilepsy and card epilepsy: two new patterns of reflex epilepsy.		1965	5865198
"some part of me will cheat the goddess of death".		1965	14325621
on the application of dynamic programing to the determination of optimal play in chess and checkers.		1965	16591252
the psychology of blindfold chess. an introspective account.		1965	5847656
an example of human chess play in the light of chess playing programs.		1965	5900003
mnemonic virtuosity: a study of chess players.		1966	5967988
chess: psychiatric meditations.		1967	5585739
effect of physostigmine and scopolamine on the memory functions of chess players.	six young trained chess players received 10 consecutive tasks comprising problematic play position at chess. each subject was tested four times with drug orders balanced across subjects. compared with saline placebo, physostigmine (20 microgram/kg i.v.) in the presence of peripheral muscarinic blockade (methylscopolamine 6 microgram/kg i.v.) impaired the performance of good players, but the amount of correct solutions was increased when the initial performance level was low. scopolamine (6 micro ...	1967	547122
longevity of outstanding chess players.		1969	5371073
"do doctors cheat more than anybody.		1970	5503265
computers as chess partners.		1970	17791836
cognitive model of problem-solving in chess.	by performing a series of five experiments with two subjects, several aspects of one of the subject's behavior in solving chess problems were found to be predictable, and a model was developed to explain this predictability. the heuristics used in this model may be applicable in developing future computer programs for chess play.	1970	5427360
children who cheat at games.		1970	5427566
cheating in high school: a comparison of behavior of students in the college prep and general curriculum.	a sampling of 1629 students, from 22 high schools, responded to questions regarding cheating in and outside of school. of this number, 515 were enrolled in the college prep and 744 in the general curriculum. more similarities than statistically significant differences were found in a comparison of their responses. from 25 to 75% of their peers were estimated to be cheaters. boys were more often guilty than girls. cheating in mathematics was most common. failure was the agreed upon punishment for ...	1972	24415334
the chess prodigy.		1973	4743978
visual neglect in a chess player.		1974	4855397
application and evaluation of portable field instruments for measuring forced expiratory volume of children and adults in environmental health surveys.	in support of health effects research studies, pulmonary function tests are periodically administered to a large number of children. the ventilatory performance of these children is being evaluated by measuring the 0.75-sec forced expiratory volume (fev(0.75)) with a waterless mechanical volume spirometer used in conjunction with an electronic timing unit. during a 1-yr testing period, operation with the volume spirometer and the epa designed electronic timing unit proved to be highly successful ...	1974	4470917
the psychological concept of "losing move" in a game of perfect information.	from a game-theoretic standpoint, in any two-person game of perfect information, each position is won, lost, or drawn, and a move is to be considered an error only when it transfers the game from a more favorable to a less favorable state. a psychological concept of error is quite different, in that it must take into account the fallibility of the players as information processing systems. this paper introduces a psychological concept of error in such games based on the distinction between "obvi ...	1974	16592158
the 'chess board' distribution of glycogen in liver. artifact of fixation or the effect of an enzyme?		1974	4139142
difficulties with positioning robertshaw double lumen tubes.	difficulties in positioning robertshaw tubes have been reviewed in a retrospective and a prospective series. pre-operative cheat x-rays did not help in predicting difficulties. the performance of the robertshaw tube was carefully recorded for each malposition in the prospective series, and the relationship of the malplaced tube to the tracheobronchial tree was reconstructed. this exercise allowed a more precise definition of the dangers of malpositions and formulation of procedure to minimize th ...	1975	1211610
talking chess for the blind.		1975	1194553
effects of personality-situation locus of control congruence.	the effects of combining personality and situation differences in locus of control on cheating behavior were tested. eighty college students (36 male and 44 female) were classified as having relatively high internal or external locus of control beliefs using rotter's internal-external scale. in subsequent individually conducted sessions, subjects were given the opportunity to falsely report success (i.e., to cheat) when success was objectively impossible and when the outcome was described as due ...	1975	1185506
will you cheat yourself out of revenue?		1975	10237737
psychosomatic rehabilitation of elderly persons.	the psychosomatic rehabilitation of the elderly is an important task from both social and economic viewpoints. for psychic rehabilitation, moderate activity and the playing of games (such as chess, dominoes or cards) are recommended. based on experiences with a group of 50 persons of the 70-90 age group., bridge playing is an especially desirable form of recreation. for somatic rehabilitation, physical exercise is a valuable aid, based on experiences with 338 partially disabled patients of the 5 ...	1975	1112964
amorphosynthesis on the chess board.	visual spatial perception difficulities on the chest board have been studied in a patient with a dominant hemisphere infarction. the game of chess can be useful to demonstrate and follow the evolution of amorphosynthesis.	1975	1220001
reflex epilepsy evoked by decision making.	a patient had seizures while playing chess or cards or when filling out complex forms, doing complex mathematical problems, and during certain parts of the neuropsychological testing. seizures were myoclonic and accompanied and electroencephalographic dysrhythmia of the atypical spike and wave type. evoked seizures were not related to visual, tactile, or auditory stimuli or clues. in chess, seizures occurred when he was on the defense and threatened. simple decision making or physiologic stress ...	1975	1115662
an approach to the analysis of activities: the game of chess.		1975	46152
recall memory for visually presented chess positions.	a series of three experiments replicated and extended earlier research reported by chase and simon (1973), de groot (1965), and charness (note 1). the first experiment demonstrated that the relationship between memory for chess positions and chess skill varies directly with the amount of chess-specific information in the stimulus display. the second experiment employed tachistoscopic displays to incrementally "build" tournament chess positions by meaningful or nonmeaningful chunks and demonstrat ...	1976	21286979
the cheating and intention of a partner as determinants of evaluative decisions among juvenile offenders.	male juvenile offenders were asked to evaluate the work of an experimental partner (confederate) who completed a work task four times. the work partner cheated on two trials and did not cheat on two trials while working for a charity (one cheat and one noncheat trial) or for selfish gain (one cheat and one noncheat trial). it was found that subjects rated the work done on cheating trials lower than work done on noncheating trials. in addition, subjects shared less reward money on cheating trials ...	1976	972207
chess and combat: the algorithm in medicine.		1977	579214
interactions of fosfomycin with other antibiotics.	we selected 100 strains of organisms that were isolated in our hospital, which came from pathological products and which had an mic of fosfomycin of 256 mug/ml or more and belonged to the genera klebsiella, pseudomonas, escherichia coli, serratia, enterobacter, proteus, acinetobacter, levinea and staphylococcus. we have studied the effect of the association of fosfomycin with 15 antibiotics (beta-lactamins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, etc.) and 5 chemotherapeutics. the 11 selected strains w ...	1977	832546
[effect of defocusing a visual stimulus on a human evoked potential].	a study was made of ep recorded in the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex in children with normal sight and in those with disturbed refraction when presented with blank and checkered patterns, the dimensions of the chess squares equalling 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 angular minutes. in children with normal sight the patterns were defocussed by eyeglass lenses of --1 to +/- 6 dioptries. the investigation revealed a different ep configuration on the presentation of blank and checkered patter ...	1977	857479
effects of orienting tasks on recognition of chess positions.	two experiments using a levels-of-processing paradigm were performed to demonstrate the existence and usefulness of a semantic component in chess knowledge. experiment i compared forced-choice recognition of chess positions after a structural task (piece counting) as opposed to a semantic task (choosing a move). recognition accuracy, confidence, and familiarity ratings all showed a facilitation effect in the semantic condition. by including an orienting task that did not encourage semantic proce ...	1978	752270
algorithms, medicine, chess, and war.		1978	347109
what if the government thinks you're a medicare cheat?		1978	359970
effects of personality and situational variation in locus of control on cheating: determinants of the "congruence effect".	thirty-two male and 32 female introductory psychology students were given the opportunity to falsely report success (i.e., to cheat) on a series of objectively unsolvable achievement tasks. consistent with previous evidence, a personality x situational locus of control interaction effect, accounting for 24% of the variance, was found whereby persons classified as having generalized internal locus of control beliefs (internals) cheated more when the task was described as requiring skill while tho ...	1978	650381
do dental students cheat?	in a questionnaire survey, dental students from all four classes at the university of iowa college of dentistry were asked if they had cheated during their first and second years. they were then asked if they believed that others cheated. cheating was admitted to by 43 percent of the respondents, but 94 percent believed it was occurring. plagiarism was delineated as a form of cheating; while fewer students admitted to its use, the reported occurrence should be of concern in technique courses. re ...	1979	292690
[the "bad mother" to the vulnerability of the parent child relationship].	this paper summarizes the results of a longitudinal study on young asthmatic children and particularly on the mother-child relationship in this illness: at both observation times--14 to 30 months and 4 to 6 years--the majority of the children appeaed to be developing in a very adequate manner, both in the area of autonomy and opposition. similarly, in most situations, the mothers appeared quite adequate in the face of their child's illness, and mother-child relationships, generally, seemed harmo ...	1979	519629
chess: the new synchrotron radiation facility at cornell.	a new synchrotron radiation laboratory, chess, will soon be completed at cornell university. the facility will operate in a mode parasitic to high energy physics experiments on the new 8-billion-electron-volt electron-positron storage ring (cesr) at cornell. electron and positron beams have already been stored and the first photons have been extracted. when completed, the laboratory will be available to the scientific community nationally and will provide the most intense tunable source of high ...	1979	17801771
the nhi chess game.		1979	469433
tournament competition fuels computer chess.	the din in the packed arena had hardly subsided to a mild roar, when suddenly the fans exploded once again. "what a move!" screamed one nearby spectator. "how did he ever find a way through that defense?" wondered another, overcome with admiration.	1979	17814188
erratum.	in the research news article "tournament competition fuels computer chess" (29 june, p. 1396), the figure was reprodeced incorrectly. black has a third pawn on the black square immediately in front of the black king. the figure and its legend are reproduced herewith. one limitation offull-width search methods in computer chess is called the horizon effect. a human easily sees that white, although it has one less pawn, can win the game by advancing its leftmost pawn across the board, whereupon it ...	1979	17747029
computer chess: belle sweeps the board.		1980	17796039
foreign body aspiration of grass inflorescences as a cause of hemoptysis.	although the sparsity of reports in the literature suggest aspiration of grass inflorescence is rare, in certain areas of the southern united states, aspiration of this type of foreign body is not so uncommon. four cases of aspiration of hordeum pusillium, often referred to as "cheat grass" are reported: three of the four patients had hemoptysis. the highest incidence of inhaled foreign bodies usually occur in young children, but all our four patients were older children or adolescents. the clin ...	1980	7398419
[sports medical examination of top class chess players (author's transl)].	during an international chess championship tournament in munich, 14 participants were thoroughly investigated physically in order to find out generally the psychological maximum stress and the autonomic excitability as well as the circulatory conditions during the individual games and to study the metabolic load during the 18 day tournament. eight of the eleven players who participated in the blood determinations showed at least once during the competition marginal to increased cholesterol level ...	1980	6775202
cluster analysis of childhood temperament data on adoptees.	cluster analysis is used with behavioral data on 162 adoptees to assess temperament and to test the validity of the temperament typologies described by thomas and chess. data are divided into two groups by sex. results concur with the thomas-chess findings in identifying three main temperament groups: difficult, easy, and slow to warm up. membership in the difficult group predicted later childhood behavior disorder in both sexes. differing environmental factors associated with difficulty for mal ...	1980	7406035
beyond the oedipus complex. a note on the psychology of chess.		1981	7343022
visual short-term memory and aging in chess players.	young (m = 20 years) and older (m = 54 years) equally skilled chessplayers reconstructed slides of chess diagrams shown for 1, 2, and 4 sec either immediately or following 15 sec of interpolated processing. recall was more accurate for younger players, with the gap widening as viewing time increased. interpolated processing decreased accuracy and increased retrieval time equally in the two groups. measures of chunking indicated no age-related differences. these results imply that there is an age ...	1981	7264247
oedipal motives in adolescent chess players.		1981	7276305
sex inequities cheat rns, hearing told.		1981	6908469
aging and skilled problem solving.	information-processing models of problem solving too often are based on restrictive age ranges. on the other hand, gerontologists have investigated few problem-solving tasks and have rarely generated explicit models. as this article demonstrates, both fields can benefit by closer collaboration. one major issue in gerontology is whether aging is associated with irreversible decrement or developmental plasticity. if both processes occur, then an appropriate strategy for investigating aging is to e ...	1981	6453184
chess psychology and the dentist.		1982	6959375
chess-playing computer seized by customs.		1982	17798353
recall or evaluation of chess positions as determinants of chess skill.		1982	7121245
do students cheat--or are they just good guessers?		1982	6953089
search heuristics of chess players of different calibers.	information-processing models of chess-playing ability have distinguished between players of different calibers solely in terms of perceptual encoding and recognition of chess configurations. a reanalysis of degroot's verbal protocols of 1965 indicates that players of different calibers direct their attention toward different areas of the board. grandmasters and masters consider squares that are affected by many pieces, while lesser players direct their attention toward squares on which the piec ...	1982	7180947
[maturation of evoked potentials to patterned stimuli, and sensitivity of the visual system to deprivation].	a study was made of age peculiarities of eps to spatially structurized stimuli in the shape of chess fields with different dimensions of their cells in children and juveniles with normal vision, aged from seven to seventeen. heterochroneity has been established in maturation of eps to a homogeneous and a spatially structurized stimuli. in accordance with the criterion of "maturity" of the ep to a spatially structurized stimulus, an enhanced probability of "mature" eps appearance was observed wit ...	1982	7158033
[effect of parameters of spatio-structural stimuli on evoked potentials of the visual and posterior associative regions of the cortex in man].	in subjects with normal vision, differences have been detected in the reactions of the main components (p100, n150, p200) of evoked potentials recorded in the oz and tpo leads, to homogeneous stimuli, chess fields with different sizes of cells and grids differing in area and the number of orientation stripes. the data obtained are discussed in the light of v.d. glezer's hypothesis on specialized information processing in the visual and posterior associative cortical areas and concepts on the exi ...	1982	7164577
cancer 'cheat' accepts his medicine.		1982	11655459
a pawn in a chess game.		1983	6556651
nitrogen turnover and assimilation during regrowth in trifolium subterraneum l. and bromus mollis l.	subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l. cv woogenellup) and soft chess grass (bromus mollis l. cv blando) were grown in monocultures with (15)nh(4)cl added to the soil to study nitrogen movement during regrowth following shoot removal. four clipping treatments were imposed. essentially all available (15)n was assimilated from the soil prior to the first shoot harvest. measurements of total reduced nitrogen and (15)n contained within that nitrogen fraction in roots, crowns, and shoots at e ...	1983	16662851
[the checklist for evaluation of somatic symptoms (chess). its use in anxious and depressive pathology. factor structure].	the ch.e.s.s. is a new inventory for the assessment of somatic symptoms and complaints. initialy it included 57 items (43 somatic complaints, 12 neurological signs and 2 "other symptoms"). the ch.e.s.s. was scored before treatment on two groups of patients (133 anxious and 133 depressed) with no schizophrenic or organic symptomatology. 71 somatic complaints or symptoms were identified. a principal component analysis with a subsequent varimax rotation yelded 25 factors with 18 of clinical signifi ...	1983	6638746
does part-set cuing test for memory organization? evidence from reconstructions of chess positions.		1984	6488097
[a great researcher known as a cheat (friedrich wilhelm adam sertürner)].		1984	6395179
how to cheat with the miniature wright peak flow meter.		1984	6734284
[chess, anxiety and coronary disease].		1984	6525074
how to cheat in morphology: the renal ultrafilter.	it is easy to distort the "truth" in morphological reports in order to confirm a previously established dogma by selecting from a field of view only such details which are in accordance with the dogma and by ignoring parts contradictory to it. the renal corpuscle is used in this paper as an example and as a guide to the readers for future fraud.	1984	6717316
computation of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids.	this paper presents a computer analysis of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids. for a given single stranded nucleic acid, we generated "structure map" which included all the annealing structures in the sequence. the map was transformed into "energy map" by rough approximation; here, the energy level of every pairing structure consisting of more than 2 successive nucleic acid pairs was calculated. by using the "energy map", the probability of occurrence of each annealed structure was ...	1984	6198622
in vitro interactions between metronidazole or tinidazole and ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole on the effect against anaerobic bacteria.	the mutual interaction on the antibacterial activity of metronidazole and tinidazole with ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole was studied by two-fold agar dilution series and chess-board determinations with 24 anaerobic bacterial strains which were recent clinical isolates. the nitroimidazoles had similar activity, and partial or complete synergy was observed in 83 - 88% of the strains when they were combined with ampicillin and doxycycline and 83 - 100% when combined with co-trimoxazole, ...	1984	6610923
perceptual skill in the game of othello.	three experiments were conducted extending research on chess and go to the game of othello. experiment 1 demonstrated that expert othello players, in comparison to nonplayers of the game, are superior at recalling meaningful game configurations but are not better at recalling random positions. experiment 2 demonstrated that expert players can learn a sequence of moves from an othello game much more rapidly than nonplayers can. experiment 3 examined chunking behavior and found that experts and no ...	1984	6512719
[manifestations of the genotypic causality of human evoked potentials during perception of various visual stimuli].	intrapair resemblance of the wave form and amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (eps) to flashes, chess field, house image, the word "house" and a series of other stimuli was evaluated in 20 pairs of monozygotic and 20 pairs of homosexual dizygotic adult twins. in the occipital area the maximum of genetic dependence was characteristic of eps to flashes, the minimum--of eps--to the word "house". in vertex eps parameters genotypic effects were manifest irrespectively of the stimulus ...	1984	6541847
chemical shift selective mr imaging using a whole-body magnet.	we have applied a new method for separating water and fat resonances in proton magnetic resonance (mr) imaging to human studies using a whole-body mr imaging system at 2.0 t. chemical shift selective (chess) mr imaging provides either a water or fat image in a single experimental run within the same time needed for a conventional composite image. although the technique requires a spectral resolution of about 1 ppm over the entire imaging region, first images of the human head and hip indicated t ...	1985	4011907
[an immunoenzyme method of determining benzylpenicillin in biological substrates and its antibodies in immunized animals].	lately it appeared to be necessary to develop-alternative methods for control of antibiotic therapy. detection of low molecular substances based on the immunoenzymatic assay (iea) is one of the most promising approaches to the development of such methods. the authors developed a quantitative method for determination of benzylpenicillin (bp) according to the procedure described earlier by van weemen. the bp antisera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin ...	1985	3888100
[methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients].	the efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to pseudomonas, klebsiella and escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. for prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are ...	1985	3927835
parallel game-tree search.	the design issues affecting a parallel implementation of the alpha-beta search algorithm are discussed with emphasis on a tree decomposition scheme that is intended for use on well ordered trees. in particular, the principal variation splitting method has been implemented, and experimental results are presented which show how such refinements as progressive deepening, narrow window searching, and the use of memory tables affect the performance of multiprocessor based chess playing programs. when ...	1985	21869282
1h nmr chemical shift selective (chess) imaging.		1985	4001160
chemical-shift-selective magnetic-resonance imaging of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.	chemical-shift-selective (chess) nuclear-magnetic-resonance (nmr) imaging is a new method for separating "water" and "fat" (ch2) resonances in proton nmr imaging. its major advantage over conventional composite nmr imaging is the contrast enhancement, which in particular allows the detection of small water-containing structures, such as vessels or joint surfaces, normally obscured by fat signals. first clinical findings in the femoral head with avascular necrosis are reported.	1985	2857422
[play, an indicator of the health of children].	africans attach much importance to the fact that their children like to play. a child who is not hungry and refuses to play is not in good health. when a sick child wants to play again one can be sure that his health is improving. thus, play can be a health indicator and can help to form a diagnosis. moreover, the way the child plays is a mental health indicator. during games one can distinguish the leaders who are mentally well-balanced, those who try to cheat and who must be carefully watched, ...	1985	4093132
chess players' intake of task-relevant cues.		1985	4088048
multiple chemical shift selective (chess) mr imaging using stimulated echoes.	recently, stimulated echo acquisition mode (steam) magnetic resonance (mr) imaging has been demonstrated as a new tool for multiparametric mr imaging studies. applications of the chemical shift selective (chess) steam technique using a 2.0-t whole-body mr imaging system are reported in which a series of contiguous cross-sectional images of the head and the pelvis were acquired. because selective excitation of the desired component is employed rather than elimination of the unwanted component, th ...	1986	3737919
the impact of temperament in a school setting: an epidemiological study.	the authors present the results of an epidemiological study on a large non-clinical population-based sample of french speaking seven year-old children (n = 596) whose aim was to verify if a relation exists between temperament and outward-type or inward-type behavior problems in school. the thomas and chess' parent temperament questionnaire, filled out twice by the parents over a four-week interval, was used to determine temperament. the conners teacher questionnaire, filled out twice by the teac ...	1986	3756750
[relation between sleep and processes of retention and mental activity].	the structure of nocturnal sleep was studied in two groups of subjects: the group i subjects had been given 60 unfamiliar english words to learn, whereas group ii subjects had been playing games of chess. the paradoxical sleep (ps) latency in the 1 st cycle, the type of falling into the ps, and intensity of rapid eye movements were recorded. no reliable difference was found in the sleep structure of both test groups. no correlation either was observed between the sleep characteristics and the qu ...	1986	3732546
alternative theories of development and their implications for studying the ontogeny of behavior and social adaptations: discussion of dr. chess' paper.		1986	3740326
convergence among assessments of temperament in the first month.	this study was designed to assess the potential convergence of 3 approaches to the description of temperament in the first month of life and to identify which aspects of early temperament are most meaningful to mothers. 48 newborns were tested with the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (nbas). 2 weeks later, mothers responded to the rothbart infant behavior questionnaire (ibq). 2 weeks thereafter, mothers were interviewed in accordance with the thomas, chess, and birch new york long ...	1986	3948594
multipurpose nmr imaging using stimulated echoes.	steam (stimulated-echo acquisition mode) imaging techniques recently introduced by the authors are demonstrated to provide a versatile tool for improving the parametric specificity in nmr imaging. stimulated echoes can be excited by a sequence of at least three rf pulses with flip angles of 90 degrees or less. the main characteristics of the steam method are based on the great functional flexibility of an imaging sequence comprising three rf pulses unequal to 180 degrees and three intervals prio ...	1986	3747817
cheat and impostor: debate following the case of the rabbit breeder.		1986	11616919
gradient reversal technique and its applications to chemical-shift-related nmr imaging.	the chemical-shift effect often degrades slice selectivity thereby degrading the contrast and spatial resolutions in a high-field nmr imaging. we propose a new pulse sequence which can compensate for this chemical-shift effect during slice selection. this technique provides correct slice definition as well as clear separation between water and lipid protons in high-field proton nmr imaging. particular applications of this technique are 2d imaging with a thin-slice selection and chunk 3d imaging, ...	1987	3613953