Publications

transcriptomic analysis of avocado hass (persea americana mill) in the interaction system fruit-chitosan-colletotrichum.	avocado (persea americana) is one of the most important crops in mexico as it is the main producer, consumer, and exporter of avocado fruit in the world. however, successful avocado commercialization is often reduced by large postharvest losses due to colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of anthracnose. chitosan is known to have a direct antifungal effect and acts also as an elicitor capable of stimulating a defense response in plants. however, there is little information regarding the genes tha ...	0	28642771
a review of extraction techniques for avocado oil.	avocado fruit is rich in monounsaturated fat and contains relatively high level of important lipid-soluble compounds such as vitamin e, β-sitosterol and carotenoids. the consumption of avocado fruit is highly related to its potential benefits. however, with the increase of avocado production, short time of maturation and easy oxidation of avocado fruit are the main problem for producers. the production of oil from avocado fruit, thus, is highly promoted. this paper discusses the effects of diffe ...	0	27725362
effect of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of persea americana mill. on high fat diet induced obesity: a dose response study in rats.	the fruits of persea americana mill., commonly known as avocado, are traditionally consumed for various health benefits including weight reduction. here, we studied the effect of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of persea americana (haepa) on high fat diet (hfd) induced obesity in rats. obesity was induced in male sprague dawley rats by feeding hfd for 14 wk. the hypolipidemic effect was evaluated by co-administering 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body wt. of haepa. there was a significant increase in we ...	0	27468463
thermal stability of oils added with avocado (persea americana cv. hass) or olive (olea europaea cv. arbequina) leaf extracts during the french potatoes frying.	effect of the addition of avocado (persea americana cv. hass) or olive (olea europaea cv. arbequina) hydroalcoholic leaf extracts (ahe and ohe, respectively) on thermal stability of canola oil (co) and high oleic sunflower oil (hoso) during french potatoes frying at 180°c was studied. the extracts were characterized by the total phenolic content, phenol chromatographic profiles and antioxidant activity. b-type trimer procyanidins were the major phenolic compounds identified in ahe. ohe showed hi ...	0	27979083
growth and water relations of the avocado fruit.		1936	16653349
relation of the production of an active emanation to respiration in the avocado fruit.		1944	16653933
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. iv. ripening and the supernatant fraction.		1957	16655063
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. v. effect of oxalacetate on the oxidation of pyruvate and succinate.		1957	13416272
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. iii. the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.		1957	16654950
totipotency of cells from fruit pericarp tissue in vitro.	callus derived from avocado fruit pericarp grown in vitro for several generations developed roots with stele, endodermis, cortex, epidermis, and root cap. no correlation between environment and root production was demonstrated.	1962	17832008
[detection of vitamin a in the oil of the avocado persea gratissima gaerth].		1963	14092099
respiration & internal atmosphere of avocado fruit.		1963	16655774
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. vi. controlled oxidations and coupled phosphorylations.		1964	16655919
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. vii. oxidative and phosphorylative activities throughout the climacteric cycle.		1965	5842698
effect of ionizing radiation on respiration and ethylene production of avocado fruit.		1965	5833212
protein and nucleic acid metabolism in fruits. i. studies of amino acid incorporation during the climacteric rise in respiration of the avocado.	incorporation of (14)c l-valine and (14)c l-leucine into protein of tissue slices of the avocado fruit was relatively high during the early stages of the climacteric rise, declined sharply thereafter, and was virtually absent at the peak. the incorporation of amino acids in the preclimacteric stage was markedly lower than during the early stage of the respiratory rise. by following incorporation in relation to uptake at several concentrations it was established that the results were not a reflec ...	1966	5978544
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. 8. particles from different regions of the fruit.		1966	5916345
protein synthesis in avocado fruit tissue.		1966	5966519
phosphorylation in avocado fruit slices in relation to the respiratory climacteric.	the rate of uptake of inorganic phosphate by tissue discs from both preclimacteric and climacteric peak avocados is linear for at least 60 minutes. the loss of (32)p upon excessive washing was much greater from peak than from preclimacteric tissue. short incubation periods and, most important, rapid washing procedures are essential for meaningful comparisons.phosphate esterification proceeded at a much greater rate in climacteric than in preclimacteric tissue. the phosphorylation was sensitive t ...	1967	16656663
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. ix. the oxidation of pyruvate and malate during the climacteric cycle.	mitochondria isolated from preclimacteric avocado fruit oxidize pyruvate at a much lower rate than those separated from climacteric fruit. the external addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) increased the rate of pyruvate oxidation in both cases. the study of the influence of tpp on the rate of oxidation of malate by mitochondria obtained from both preclimacteric and climacteric fruit indicated that the effect of this cofactor could be understood by assuming that malate was converted to pyruva ...	1967	6042356
metabolism of carbon-14-labeled benzene and tolueue in avocado fruit.		1969	16657134
comparative studies of effect of auxin and ethylene on permeability and synthesis of rna and protein.	the effects of ethylene on permeability and rna and protein synthesis were assayed over a 6 to 26 hr period in tissue sections from avocado (persea gratissima gaertn. f., var. fuerte), both pulp and peel of banana (musa sapientum l., var. gros michel), bean endocarp (phaseolus vulgaris l., var. kentucky wonder pole beans) and leaves of rhoeo discolor. ethylene had no effect on permeability in 4 of the 5 tissues, but sometimes enhanced solute uptake in banana peel; it had either no effect or an i ...	1969	16657212
cytokinin and inhibitor activities in the avocado fruit mesocarp.	no cytokinin activity was found in methanolic mesocarp extracts after purification with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. cytokinin activity did appear, however, in aqueous fraction after acid hydrolysis or passage through dowex 50 (h(+)) ion exchange columns. the level of this activity, the fruit growth rate, and the cell division rate were found to be positively correlated (with each other).an inhibitor to cytokinin activity in soybean callus bioassay was found in the petroleum ether fraction ...	1970	16657460
cytokinin activity in avocado seeds during fruit development.	the soybean callus bioassay was used to determine levels of cytokinin activity in avocado (persea americana) seeds.in the embryo, levels are high during the early stages of development, but diminish as the fruit grows. the level of cytokinin activity in the endosperm is very high throughout the period that this tissue exists. the seed coats have very high activity levels while the fruit is young, reaching values comparable with those found in the endosperm. the activity level falls as the rate o ...	1970	16657459
the biosynthesis of steryl glucosides in plants.	mitochondrial preparations from pea root (pisum sativum l. var. alaska) cauliflower inflorescence (brassica cauliflora gars.) and avocado inner mesocarp (persea americana mill. var. fuerte), and chloroplast preparations from spinach leaf (spinacia oleracea l. var. bloomsdale) incorporate glucose into steryl glucoside and acylated steryl glucoside when either uridine diphosphate-glucose or uridine diphosphate-galactose is supplied as precursor. in the case of pea root mitochondria, galactosyl dig ...	1970	5423466
the site of fatty acid biosynthesis in the avocado pear.		1970	5492822
new antibacterial agent isolated from the avocado pear.	a group of eight new long-chain aliphatic compounds recently isolated from the avocado and some derivatives thereof were tested for antibacterial activity on 13 different species of bacteria and a yeast. some of these compounds inhibited the growth of microorganisms. 1,2,4-trihydroxy-n-hepadeca-16-en was found to be the most active, inhibiting certain gram-positive bacteria at 4 mug/ml.	1970	4985830
the utilization in vitro of different avocado fruit constituents by colletotrichum gloeosporioides.		1972	5042611
stereochemical aspects of the formation of double bonds in abscisic acid.	the stereochemistry of the hydrogen elimination that occurs during the formation of the delta(4)- and delta(2)'-double bonds of abscisic acid has been determined from the (14)c/(3)h ratios in abscisic acid biosynthesized by avocado fruit from [2-(14)c,(2r)-2-(3)h(1)]-, [2-(14)c,(2s)-2-(3)h(1)]- and [2-(14)c,(5s)-5-(3)h(1)]-mevalonate. setting the (14)c/(3)h ratio at 3:3 for [2-(14)c,(2r)-2-(3)h(1)]mevalonate, the corresponding ratio in derived methyl abscisate was 3:2.28; the analogous ratio for ...	1972	4643698
pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase in avocado fruit at various stages of development.		1972	16658064
some aspects of carnitine metabolism in avocado (persea americana) (short communication).	the fact that palmitoyl-l-carnitine is oxidized by avocado mitochondria at a rate comparable with that of succinate oxidation suggests that there are at least two systems for beta-oxidation in higher plants. the carnitine-associated system is located in a mitochondrial fraction, whereas the glyoxylate-cycle-associated system is located in the glyoxysomes.	1973	16742829
lipid composition of plant mitochondria and of chloroplasts.	the mitochondrial lipids from avocado fruit, cauliflower buds, and potato tubers, and the lipids of chloroplasts isolated from avocado fruit and from cauliflower leaves were identified and the concentrations were determined. the lipid composition was compared with that of beef heart mitochondria. phospholipids constituted 50-56% of total lipids in plant mitochondria while this fraction made up 90% of the lipids in beef heart mitochondria. in both cases the chief phospholipids were phosphatidylch ...	1973	4698270
the effect of tonicity and metabolic inhibitors on respiration and ripening of avocado fruit slices.	the ripening of avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit slices was inhibited whether they were floated in water or in buffered aqueous 0.3 m mannitol, 0.25 m kcl, and sucrose. there was no evidence to support the contention that ripening occurred when the tonicity of the bathing medium was increased. decreased gaseous exchange is considered to be a major cause of this inhibition because by utilizing a technique that afforded better aeration, slices could be water infiltrated and still ripen norma ...	1974	16658998
similarities between the actions of ethylene and cyanide in initiating the climacteric and ripening of avocados.	a continuous exposure of intact avocados (persea americana) to 400 mul/l of cyanide results in a rapid increase in the rate of respiration, followed by a rise in ethylene production, and eventual ripening. the pattern of changes in the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvate during the rapid rise in respiration in both ethylene and cyanide-treated fruits is similar to that found in fruits made anaerobic where a 2.3- to 3 ...	1974	16658918
[isolation and determination of vitamin d in avocado (persea gratissima)].		1974	4447702
postharvest response of avocado fruits of different maturity to delayed ethylene treatments.	the effect of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 ppm of ethylene, applied for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, on the ripening rate of "hass" avocado (persea americana mill.) fruits at three stages of maturity was investigated. ethylene treatments were started either immediately after picking or 2 days later. a sharp peak of ethylene production was found to precede full softening by about 2 days and the occurrence of this peak was used to determine ripening rate. hastening of fruit ripening was much more marked follo ...	1974	16658812
water-deficit stress, ethylene production, and ripening in avocado fruits.	differential rates of water loss were achieved in picked avocado (persea americana mill.) fruits, either by controlling the evaporation rate or by supplying water through the fruit stalk. a negative linear correlation was found between the daily rate of water loss from fruits and their ripening, as determined by the time from harvest to peak of ethylene production. ripening rate was hastened by 40% in fruits which had lost water at rate of 2.9% fresh weight per day, compared with those which los ...	1974	16658649
studies of phytophthora citricola, isolated from persea americana.		1974	4437579
fatty acid biosynthesis by avocado pear.		1974	4474578
fat metabolism in higher plants: lxii. stearl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from spinach chloroplasts.	stearyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (ec 1.14.99.6), present in the stroma fraction of spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts, rapidly desaturated enzymatically prepared stearyl-acyl carrier protein to oleic acid. no other substrates were desaturated. in addition to stearyl-acyl carrier protein, reduced ferredoxin was an essential component of the system. the electron donor systems were either ascorbate, dichlorophenolindophenol, photosystem i and light, or nadph and ferredoxin-nadp reducta ...	1974	16658913
a comparison of the properties in vitro of biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylase in the mesocarp from avocado pear (persea americana) and syrian-hamster hepatic tissue.		1975	1132558
the effect of indole-3-acetic acid and other growth regulators on the ripening of avocado fruits.	observations were made of the effects of several plant regulators, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid, as well as of extracts prepared from leaves and fruit stalks on the respiration pattern, ethylene production, and the number of days to ripen of avocado fruits (persea americana mill.). these substances were vacuum infiltrated to insure good penetration and distribution. kinetin, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and the extracts had no effect on either ripening t ...	1975	16659195
acid phosphatase development during ripening of avocado.	the activity and subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase were assayed during ethylene-induced ripening of whole fruit or thick slices of avocado (persea americana mill. var. fuerte and hass). the activity increased up to 30-fold during ripening in both the supernatant fraction and the triton x-100 extract of the precipitate of a 30,000g centrifugation of tissue homogenates from whole fruit or slices ripening in moist air. enzyme activity in the residual precipitate after triton extraction r ...	1975	16659087
the synthesis of fatty acids in avocado mesocarp and cauliflower bud tissue.	1. plastid and mitochondrial preparations were obtained by density-gradient centrifugation of homogenates made by gentle disintergration of avocado fruit mesocarp and cauliflower bud tissue. 2. the mitochondrial preparations had respiratory activity but did not incorporate [1-14c]acetate into fatty acids. 3. the plastid preparations incorporated [1--14c]acetate into the range of fatty acids found in the parent tissue. no fatty acid synthetase activity could be detected in the 12000g supernatant ...	1975	1156380
effects of preincubation invitro with 3, 4-benzopyrene and phenobarbital on the drug-metabolism systems present in the microsomal and soluble fractions of the avocado pear (persea americana).		1975	1132559
ripening and in vitro retention of respiratory control by avocado and pear mitochondria.	the retention of respiratory control ("survival") by mitochondria held at 25 c was studied in relation to the ripening of two varieties of avocado (persea americana mill. var. ;fuerte' and ;hass') and one variety of pear (pyrus communis. l. var. ;bartlett') fruit. the survival of avocado mitochondria increased from 8 to 10 hours when isolated from unripe, preclimacteric fruit, to 48 hours when isolated from fully ripe, postclimacteric fruits. although rates of alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation, resp ...	1975	16659279
succinoxidase activity of avocado fruit mitochondria in relation to temperature and chilling injury throughout the climacteric cycle.	mitochondria were isolated from ;fuerte' avocado fruit (persea americana mill.) at four different stages of the respiratory climacteric. preclimacteric fruit had the highest rate of succinate oxidation and the postclimacteric mitochondria the lowest. subsequently, successive additions of adp increased the respiratory control ratio.arrhenius plots of succinate oxidation of intact mitochondria from climacteric rise and climacteric peak fruit showed two transition temperatures, while only one was o ...	1977	16660117
[unsaponifiable fractions of the avocado and soy bean in gyneocology].	the experimental work of robert on the action of the unsaponifiable fractions of the avocado pear and soya bean on inflammatory granulomata of the rat gives rise to the supposition that these have a selective action on inflamed connective tissue by a process of katabolism of collagen through proteolytic enzymes. we have used this anti-inflammatory and collagenolytic action in gynaecology, with favourable results particularly in post-inflammatory and post-infective conditions as well as scarring ...	1977	558245
influence of plant hormones on ethylene production in apple, tomato, and avocado slices during maturation and senescence.	ethylene production by tissue slices from preclimacteric, climacteric, and postclimacteric apples was significantly reduced by isopentenyl adenosine (ipa), and by mixtures of ipa and indoleacetic acid, and of ipa, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid after 4 hours of incubation. ethylene production by apple (pyrus malus l.) slices in abscisic acid was increased in preclimacteric tissues, decreased in climacteric peak tissues, and little affected in postclimacteric tissues. indoleacetic acid s ...	1977	16660062
cellulase activity and fruit softening in avocado.	cellulase activity in detached avocado (persea americana mill.) fruits was found to be directly correlated with ripening processes such as climacteric rise of respiration, ethylene evolutin, and softening. this activity in the pericarp could be induced by ethylene treatment, and the more mature the fruit-the faster and the greater was the response. only a very low cellulase activity could be detected in hard avocado fruit right after harvest. cellulase activity was highest at the distal end of t ...	1978	16660305
the maintenance of respiratory control at 25 degrees c by mitochondria from various animal and plant sources.	1. mitochondria from four different animal and five different plant sources exhibit a wide variation in their capacity to maintain respiratory control at 25 degrees c. 2. beef heart mitochondria, and pear and avocado fruit mitochondria exhibit the longest retention of respiratory control extending to periods of approximately 80 and 40 hr, respectively.	1978	318361
respiratory contribution of the alternate path during various stages of ripening in avocado and banana fruits.	the respiration of fresh slices of preclimacteric avocado (persea americana mill. var. hass) and banana (musa cavendishii var. valery) fruits is stimulated by cyanide and antimycin. the respiration is sensitive to m-chlorobenzhydroxamic acid in the presence of cyanide but much less so in the presence of antimycin. in the absence of cyanide the contribution of the cyanide-resistant pathway to the coupled preclimacteric respiration is zero. in uncoupled slices, by contrast, the alternate path is e ...	1978	16660495
postharvest variation in cellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectinmethylesterase in avocado (persea americana mill, cv. fuerte) fruits in relation to respiration and ethylene production.	cellulase, polygalacturonase (pg), pectinmethylesterase (pme), respiration, and ethylene production were determined in single "fuerte" avocado fruits from the day of harvest through the start of fruit breakdown. pme declined from its maximum value at the time of picking to a low level early in the climacteric. pg activity was not detectable in the preclimacteric stage, increased during the climacteric, and continued to increase during the postclimacteric phase to a level three times greater than ...	1979	16660954
[action of soluble carbohydrates from avocado (persea gratissima gaertner) fruit on utilization of calcium in the rat].	ethanolic extract containing soluble sugars was prepared from avocados (variety americana) coming from madagascar. in this extract, thin layer and paper chromatography showed the presence of a ketoheptose, the mannoheptulose, in amount of 0.1 g/ml extract or 1.1 g/100 g fresh pulp. physiological experiments were performed with avocado extract and comparatively with a sample of commercial mannoheptulose. six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mm cacl2 solution (+ 45ca) containing a carb ...	1980	7224495
lectin-like activity from persea americana.	an extract from the seeds of persea americana possessed an erythro-agglutinating activity. the agglutinin was devoid of specificity for carbohydrates, but interacted readily with basic proteins or basic polyamino acids. the interaction between the agglutinin and egg-white lysozyme was not inhibited by chaotropic salts, but was sensitive to relatively low concentrations of urea. an affinity chromatographic procedure was developed in an effort to purify the agglutinin. products from the chromatogr ...	1980	7353211
streptococcus mutans adherence: presumptive evidence for protein-mediated attachment followed by glucan-dependent cellular accumulation.	adherence of streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces has been attributed to the production of sucrose-derived d-glucans. however, several studies indicate that the bacterium will adhere in the absence of sucrose. the present data confirmed that s. mutans adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads in the absence of sucrose is described by the langmuir equation. the nature of the sucrose-independent adherence was studied with the persea americana agglutinin as a selective adherence inhibitor. ...	1980	7380545
acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase from avocado (persea americana) plastids and spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts.	preparations of acetyl-coa carboxylase [acetyl-coa-carbon-dioxide ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.4.1.2] have been obtained from the plastids of avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp and from spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. both preparations required bovine serum albumin, hco3-, citrate and glycerol for stabilization. the molecular weight of the avocado enzyme was about 6.5 x 10(5) on the basis of 1 mol of biotin/mol of enzyme, the behaviour of both enzymes on gel filtration being in ac ...	1980	6146308
[composition of the essential oil of persea americana].		1981	17401983
malate oxidation and cyanide-insensitive respiration in avocado mitochondria during the climacteric cycle.	after preparation on self-generated percoll gradients, avocado (persea americana mill, var. fuerte and hass) mitochondria retain a high proportion of cyanide-insensitive respiration, especially with alpha-ketoglutarate and malate as substrates. whereas alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation remains unchanged, the rate of malate oxidation increases as ripening advances through the climacteric. an enhancement of mitochondrial malic enzyme activity, measured by the accumulation of pyruvate, closely parallel ...	1982	16662684
preparation of avocado mitochondria using self-generated percoll density gradients and changes in buoyant density during ripening.	mitochondria from avocado (persea americana mill, var. fuerte and hass) can be rapidly prepared at every stage of ripening using differential centrifugation and self-generated percoll gradients. the procedure results in improved oxidative and phosphorylative properties, especially for mitochondria isolated from preclimacteric fruits.a gradual change in the buoyant density of avocado mitochondria takes place during ripening. climacteric and postclimacteric avocado mitochondria have the same buoya ...	1982	16662683
gene expression during fruit ripening in avocado.	the poly(a) (+)rna populations from avocado fruit (persea americana mill cv. hass) at four stages of ripening were isolated by two cycles of oligo-dt-cellulose chromatography and examined by invitro translation, using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of the resulting translation products. three mrnas increased dramatically with the climacteric rise in ...	1982	24271626
potentiating effect of pure oxygen on the enhancement of respiration by ethylene in plant storage organs: a comparative study.	a number of fruits and bulky storage organs were studied with respect to the effect of pure o(2) on the extent and time-course of the respiratory rise induced by ethylene. in one group, of which potato (solanum tuberosum var. russet) and carrot (daucus carota) are examples, the response to ethylene in o(2) is much greater than in air. in a second group, of which avocado (persea americana mill. var. hass) and banana (musa cavendishii lambert var. valery) are examples, air and o(2) are equally eff ...	1982	16662339
the characteristics of some components of the fatty acid synthetase system in the plastids from the mesocarp of avocado (persea americana) fruit.	preparations of nadh-specific and nadph-specific 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase enzymes (ec 1.1.1.100), enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (ec 1.3.1.9) and [acyl-carrier-protein] malonyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.39) have been purified from preparations of avocado mesocarp plastids and characterised. the enzymes are quite similar in molecular and kinetic characteristics to analogous enzymes known in escherichia coli and euglena and are clearly components of a type-ii fatty acid synthe ...	1982	7075600
biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine in aminoethoxyvinylglycine-resistant avocado tissue.	this study was conducted to determine if aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg) insensitivity in avocado (persea americana mill., lula, haas, and bacon) tissue was due to an alternate pathway of ethylene biosynthesis from methionine. avg, at 0.1 millimolar, had little or no inhibitory effect on either total ethylene production or [(14)c] ethylene production from [(14)c]methionine in avocado tissue at various stages of ripening. however, aminoxyacetic acid (aoa), which inhibits 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbo ...	1982	16662192
intermediates in the recycling of 5-methylthioribose to methionine in fruits.	the recycling of 5-methylthioribose (mtr) to methionine in avocado (persea americana mill, cv hass) and tomato (lycopersicum esculentum mill, cv unknown) was examined. [(14)ch(3)]mtr was not metabolized in cell free extract from avocado fruit. either [(14)ch(3)]mtr plus atp or [(14)ch(3)]5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate (mtr-1-p) alone, however, were metabolized to two new products by these extracts. mtr kinase activity has previously been detected in these fruit extracts. these data indicate that ...	1983	16663204
cellulase gene expression in ripening avocado fruit: the accumulation of cellulase mrna and protein as demonstrated by cdna hybridization and immunodetection.	a cdna library was constructed from poly(a)(+)rna of ripe avocado fruit. colony hybridization identified a number of ripening specific clones of which one, pav5, was shown to be specific for cellulase. hybrid selection with pav5 provided a message from ripe fruit that on in vitro translation yielded a polypeptide of 53kd, comigrating with purified avocado cellulase on sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the translation product was selectively immunoprecipitated by antiserum to purified avoca ...	1984	24310572
partial purification and characterization of arginine decarboxylase from avocado fruit, a thermostable enzyme.	a partially purified preparation of arginine decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.19), a key enzyme in polyamine metabolism in plants, was isolated from avocado (persea americana mill. cv fuerte) fruit. the preparation obtained from the crude extract after ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and heat treatment, had maximal activity between ph 8.0 and 9.0 at 60 degrees c, in the presence of 1.2 millimolar mncl(2), 2 millimolar dithiothreitol, and 0.06 millimolar pyridoxal phosphate. the k(m), of arginin ...	1984	16663805
n-demethylation of p-chloro-n-methylaniline catalyzed by subcellular fractions from the avocado pear (persea americana).	subcellular fractions from the avocado pear ( persea americana) catalyzed formation of p-chloroaniline from p-chloro-n-methylaniline. fractions prepared by centrifugation of avocado homogenates at 20, 000g for 20 min formed p-chloroaniline (2900 +/- 500 pmol min-1 mg protein-1) with an nadph-generating system. p-chloroaniline formation required reduced pyridine nucleotide (nadph was 6-7 times more effective than nadh) and o2. n-demethylation was inhibited by co (55% inhibition at co:o2 = 1) and ...	1984	6732241
interrelationship of gene expression, polysome prevalence, and respiration during ripening of ethylene and/or cyanide-treated avocado fruit.	upon initiation of ripening in avocado fruit (persea americana mill. cv hass) with 10 microliters/liter ethylene, polysome prevalence and associated poly(a)(+) mrna increase approximately 3-fold early in the respiratory climacteric and drop off to preclimacteric levels at the peak of the respiratory climacteric. the increase in poly(a)(+) mrna on polysomes early in the respiratory climacteric constitutes a generic increase in constitutive mrnas. new gene expression associated with ripening is mi ...	1984	16663414
comparative effects of ethylene and cyanide on respiration, polysome prevalence, and gene expression in carrot roots.	treatment of carrot roots (daucus carota l.) with 10 microliters per liter ethylene in o(2) evokes a three- to four-fold increase in polysome prevalence and associated poly(a)(+) rna. the increase in polysome prevalence is attended by a similar change in co(2) evolution. the increase in polysomal poly(a)(+) mrna constitutes primarily a generic increase in constitutive mrnas as assayed by in vitro translation. however, changes in the relative abundance of several in vitro translatable ethylene sp ...	1984	16663623
the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in microsomal preparations of developing cotyledons of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.).	the synthesis of triacylglycerols was investigated in microsomes (microsomal fractions) prepared from the developing cotyledons of sunflower (helianthus annuus). particular emphasis was placed on the mechanisms involved in controlling the c18- unsaturated-fatty-acid content of the oils. we have demonstrated that the microsomes were capable of: the transfer of oleate from acyl-coa to position 2 of sn-phosphatidylcholine for its subsequent desaturation and the return of the polyunsaturated product ...	1984	6743281
toxicity of avocado (persea americana (guatamalan var)) leaves: review and preliminary report.		1984	6541397
adherence of oral streptococci: evidence for nonspecific adsorption to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surfaces.	it is proposed that binding of oral streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (sha) surfaces is a multifactorial process involving both specific and nonspecific receptors. in this context, specific binding is described as a high-affinity, saturable interaction between the cell and binding surface. conversely, nonspecific binding is considered to be a nonsaturable, generalized, low-affinity reaction. experimental differentiation of specific binding from nonspecific binding was achieved with a ...	1984	6327530
the interaction of brucella cell surface components with plant agglutinins.	cells of all brucella species were agglutinated by the basic protein-reactive lectins of mangifera indica and persea americana. cells of non-smooth strains including b. ovis and b. canis but not smooth strains were also agglutinated by concanavalin a. these lectins also reacted in a similar pattern with lipopolysaccharide extracts of these organisms. the lectin from bandeiraea simplicifolia precipitated with the lipopolysaccharide antigens of smooth brucella organisms and with those of serologic ...	1984	6208071
duplicated phosphoglucose isomerase genes in avocado.	avocado (persea americana) cultivars were assayed for phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) isozymes using starch gel electrophoresis. three pgi genes were identified: one monomorphic locus, pgi-i, coding for the plastid isozyme and two independently assorting loci, pgi-2 and pgi-3, coding for the cytosolic isozymes. the genetic analysis was based on comparisons of pgi zymograms from somatic and pollen tissue and on mendelian analysis of progeny from selfed trees. the isozymic variability for pgi can b ...	1985	24247459
effects of low temperature and respiratory inhibitors on calcium flux in plant mitochondria.	the effects of low temperature on uptake and release of (45)ca(2+) were studied with sound, well-coupled mitochondria extracted at room temperature from avocado (persea americana mill, cv fuerte) fruits. low ca(2+) concentrations (10 micromolar) were employed to simulate physiological conditions. at 25 degrees c, the rate of ca(2+) uptake decreased with time, whereas at 5 degrees c the initial rate, though lower, remained linear. as a consequence total uptake at 5 degrees c was substantially gre ...	1985	16664154
intratumor chemotherapy in combination with a systemic antimetastatic drug in the treatment of lewis-lung carcinoma.	the effect of an antimetastatic agent plus intratumor chemotherapy was evaluated in mice bearing lewis-lung carcinoma by measuring survival time and by histological examination. polymeric flavan-3,4-diol (apf) from avocado seeds, persea gratissima, administered alone directly into the tumor did not change survival time, although it partially destroyed the primary tumor. however, the drug administered in combination with an antimetastatic, 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethane (icrf-154), result ...	1985	3835980
synthesis and processing of cellulase from ripening avocado fruit.	the biosynthesis and processing of cellulase from ripening avocado fruit was studied. the mature protein is a glycoprotein, as judged by concanavalin a binding, with a molecular weight of 54,200. upon complete deglycosylation by treatment with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid the mature protein has a molecular weight of 52,800 whereas the immunoprecipitated in vitro translation product has a molecular weight of 54,000. this result indicates that cellulase is synthesized as a large molecular weight ...	1986	16664911
regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in avocado fruit during ripening.	preclimacteric avocado (persea americana mill.) fruits produced very little ethylene and had only a trace amount of l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) and a very low activity of acc synthase. in contrast, a significant amount of l-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (macc) was detected during the preclimacteric stage. in harvested fruits, both acc synthase activity and the level of acc increased markedly during the climacteric rise reaching a peak shortly before the climacteric ...	1986	16664762
separation of viroid rnas by cellulose chromatography indicating conformational distinctions.	a series of viroids and viroid-like rnas extracted from citron (citrus medica), grapevine (vitis vinifera), and avocado (persea americanum) displayed differential binding capacities to cellulose in the presence of ethanol. this nonionic interaction was influenced by the presence of magnesium ions suggesting variations in conformation among the viroid rnas and corresponding differences in reactivity with cellulose. the specific elution profiles present a basis for the subclassification of groups ...	1986	3776103
lectin agglutination of thermophilic campylobacter species.	agglutination tests with lectins indicated differences in the surface composition of strains of the thermophilic (optimum temperature 42 degrees c) campylobacter species c. coli, c. faecalis, c. hyointestinalis, c. jejuni and c. laridis. all strains examined were agglutinated by the protein-reactive agglutinins of mangifera indica (mango) and persea americana (avocado) and a large proportion was also agglutinated by the carbohydrate-reactive lectins of canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) and tritic ...	1987	3439012
the effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal.	the effects of the chemical composition of fruit juices and fruit on the absorption of iron from a rice (oryza sativa) meal were measured in 234 parous indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive fe method. the corrected geometric mean fe absorptions with different juices varied between 0.040 and 0.129, with the variation correlating closely with the ascorbic acid contents of the juices (rs 0.838, p less than 0.01). ascorbic acid was not the only organic acid responsible for t ...	1987	3593665
isolation and characterization of mutants of streptococcus mutans using selective removal of wild-type cells by agglutination with an agglutinin from persea americana.	persea americana agglutinin (paa), a substance known to bind basic proteins and inhibit the sucrose-independent adherence of streptococcus mutants to saliva = coated hydroxyapatite (staat et al., 1980) was used to selectively enrich for mutants defective in a variety of cell surface associated virulence characteristics from cultures uab62 (ps14 riff, serotype c), uab66 (6715 strr spcr, serotype g) and uab77 (gs5, serotype c). following mutagenesis and growth for segregation and phenotypic expres ...	1987	2442971
regulation of climacteric respiration in ripening avocado fruit.	ripening of avocado fruit is associated with a dramatic increase in respiration. in vivo(31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed large increases in atp levels accompanying the increase in respiration. both glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase, and pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase were present in avocado fruit with the latter activity being highly stimulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels increased approximately 90% at the ons ...	1987	16665374
reversible effects of moderately elevated temperature on the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems of photosynthesis in intact avocado leaves.	initial (fo), maximum (fm) and steady-state (fs) levels of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in intact avocado leaves (persea americana mill.) during state 1-state 2 transitions using a combination of modulated and non-modulated lights with synchronized detection. under normal temperature conditions (20°c), transition from state 2 to state 1 was associated with a substantial increase (about 20%) in fm and fo whereas the fm/fo ratio remained constant, reflecting increased absorptio ...	1987	24430668
the physiological basis for loss of rootability with age in avocado seedlings.	rooting ability of cuttings from avocado (persea americana mill.) seedlings declined during the first 12 months of development. cuttings from one-year-old seedlings rooted at a similar rate to cuttings prepared from mature plants. the amount of gibberellin-like substances in the leaves decreased during this time whereas abscisic acid content increased. application of ga to avocado seedlings induced shoot elongation but failed to maintain the initial, high rooting ability. treatments with aba and ...	1987	14975824
avocado cellulase: nucleotide sequence of a putative full-length cdna clone and evidence for a small gene family.	a cdna library was prepared from ripe avocado fruit (persea americana mill. cv. hass) and screened for clones hybridizing to a 600 bp cdna clone (pav5) coding for avocado fruit cellulase. this screening led to the isolation of a clone (pav363) containing a 2021 nucleotide transcribed sequence and an approximately 150 nucleotide poly(a) tail. hybridization of pav363 to a northern blot shows that the length of the homologous message is approximately 2.2 kb. the nucleotide sequence of this putative ...	1987	24276968
interrelationship of polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis during avocado fruit development and ripening.	concentrations of polyamines (pa) and the activities of the pa-synthesizing enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and arginine decarboxylase (adc) extracted from the mesocarp tissue of avocado (persea americana mill, cv ;simmonds') fruits at different stages of development were compared with dna content and the activities of 5'-methylthioadenosine (mta) nucleosidase and 5-methylthioribose (mtr) kinase. putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were at their peak concentrations during the early stages ...	1988	16666165
cyanide metabolism in relation to ethylene production in plant tissues.	hcn is the putative product of c-1 and amino moieties of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) during its conversion to ethylene. in apple (malus sylvestrus mill.) slices or auxin-treated mungbean (vigna radiata l.) hypocotyls, which produced ethylene at high rates, the steady state concentration of hcn was found to be no higher than 0.2 micromolar, which was too low to inhibit respiration (reported ki for hcn to inhibit respiration was 10-20 micromolar). however, these tissues became cyan ...	1988	16666329
immunogold localization of acyl carrier protein in plants and escherichia coli: evidence for membrane association in plants.	immunogold labelling was used to study the distribution of acyl carrier protein (acp) in escherichia coli and a variety of plant tissues. in e. coli, acp is distributed throughout the cytoplasm, confirming the observation of s. jackowski et al. (1985, j. bacteriol., 162, 5-8_. in the mesocarp of avocado (persea americana) and maturing seeds of oil-seed rape (brassica napus cv. jet neuf), over 95% of the acp is localised to plastids. the protein is almost exclusively located in the chloroplasts o ...	1988	24221708
interference of phenolic compounds with the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid assay.	the yields of ethylene from endogenous and exogenous 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) in avocado (persea americana mill.) fruit pedicel extracts were very low when assayed by the method of lizada and yang (1979 anal biochem 100: 140-145). addition of phenolic compounds, which are present in avocado tissues, to the assay mixture significantly reduced the conversion efficiency of acc to ethylene. a negative correlation was found between the amount of the plant material in the assay mix ...	1988	16665853
evidence for a universal pathway of abscisic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from o incorporation patterns.	previous labeling studies of abscisic acid (aba) with (18)o(2) have been mainly conducted with water-stressed leaves. in this study, (18)o incorporation into aba of stressed leaves of various species was compared with (18)o labeling of aba of turgid leaves and of fruit tissue in different stages of ripening. in stressed leaves of all six species investigated, avocado (persea americana), barley (hordeum vulgare), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), cocklebur (xanthium strumarium), spinach (spinacia olerac ...	1989	16667222
avocado (persea americana) intoxication in caged birds.	avocados of 2 varieties were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado. deaths were associated with administration of both varieties of avocado. higher dose was associated with greater mortality. the 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. results indicated that avocados ...	1989	2914792
pathological changes in the mammary gland and biochemical changes in milk of the goat following oral dosing with leaf of the avocado (persea americana).	two varieties of avocado leaves (persea americana var guatemalan and var mexican) were administered to lactating goats. the mexican variety was without effect. the guatemalan variety in doses exceeding 20 g fresh leaf per kg bodyweight, produced damage to the mammary gland with decreased milk production. the lesions were characterised by oedema and reddening, with clots in the large ducts. microscopically, there was widespread degeneration and necrosis of the secretory epithelium, the necrotic c ...	1989	2775063
hydrolytic enzyme activities and protein pattern of avocado fruit ripened in air and in low oxygen, with and without ethylene.	the effect of 2.5% o(2) atmosphere with and without ethylene on the activities of hydrolytic enzymes associated with cell walls, and total protein profile during ripening of avocado fruits (persea americana mill., cv hass) were investigated. the low 2.5% o(2) atmosphere prevented the rise in the activities of cellulase, polygalacturonase, and acid phosphatase in avocado fruits whose ripening was initiated with ethylene. addition of 100 microliters per liter ethylene to low o(2) atmosphere did no ...	1989	16666746
cytochrome p-450 from the mesocarp of avocado (persea americana).	the microsomal fraction from the mesocarp of avocado (persea americana) is one of few identified rich sources of plant cytochrome p-450. cytochrome p-450 from this tissue has been solubilized and purified. enzymatic assays (p-chloro-n-methylaniline demethylase) and spectroscopic observations of substrate binding suggest a low spin form of the cytochrome, resembling that in the microsomal membrane, can be recovered. however, this preparation of native protein is a mixture of nearly equal proporti ...	1989	16666677
isolation and characterization of a cellulase gene family member expressed during avocado fruit ripening.	we present in this paper the structural analysis of two members of a small cellulase gene family, designated cel1 and cel2, from avocado. these genes were isolated by screening a lambda embl3 genomic library with a ripening-induced cellulase cdna. restriction endonuclease and southern blot analyses showed that the cel1 gene is highly homologous to the cellulase cdna and thus represents a ripening-related cellulase gene. the other cellulase gene, cel2, is closely related to cel1, but is divergent ...	1990	2259345
nucleotide sequence of a ripening-related cdna from avocado fruit.		1990	2103431
sequence analysis of ripening-related cytochrome p-450 cdnas from avocado fruit.	the ripening of avocado fruit is associated with the expression of a number of mrnas concomitant with overt changes in texture and flavor. two overlapping cdnas for a mrna that accumulates during ripening were identified. sequence analysis of these two cdnas revealed a polypeptide of 471 amino acids with characteristics of a typical p-450: an n-terminal hydrophobic membrane anchor, a conserved heme-binding domain in the c-terminal region, and patches of similarity to various p-450 family members ...	1990	1692626
sequence analysis of the clostridium stercorarium celz gene encoding a thermoactive cellulase (avicelase i): identification of catalytic and cellulose-binding domains.	the nucleotide sequence of the celz gene coding for a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (avicelase i) of clostridium stercorarium was determined. the structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 2958 bp which encodes a preprotein of 986 amino acids with an mr of 109,000. the signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparison with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of avicelase i purified from c. stercorarium culture supernatants. the recombinant protein expressed in escherichia ...	1990	2250652