Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [physiology of pathogenic aerobic actinomycetes. ii. pyrimidine, growth factor for nocardia lutea and nocardia rubra]. | 1954 | 13197892 | |
| morphological studies in the genus nocardia, 5. septation in nocardia rubra and jensenia canicruria. | 1960 | 13791805 | |
| comparison of the developmental cycles of some members of the genus nocardia. | adams, james n. (university of georgia, athens) and norvel m. mcclung. comparison of the developmental cycles of some members of the genus nocardia. j. bacteriol. 84:206-216. 1962.-a staining technique specific for cell walls was used to determine the characteristic development of nocardia rubra, n. erythropolis, n. asteroides, and n. canicruria comb. nov. when inoculated on a fresh medium, these organisms were observed to germinate, with the production of one or more germ tubes from coccoid, ov ... | 1962 | 13859341 |
| on the nature of cytoplasmic inclusions of nocardia rubra. | 1962 | 13859342 | |
| microbial aromatization of steroids into equilin. | this report describes the bioconversion of 19-hydroxy-androsta-4, 7-diene-3, 17-dione into equilin with nocardia rubra. through mutation and improvement of medium and of conditions, the bioconversion could be improved to yield 40% equilin for a substrate concentration of 1 g/liter. aromatization of several other 19-hydroxy and 19-nor substrates of the androstene series is reported, and the influence of various substitutions of the substrate molecule on aromatization is discussed. | 1970 | 5492438 |
| amino acids of the cell wall of nocardia rubra. | two classes of preparations of cell walls of nocardia rubra strain 721-a, digested by trypsin and pepsin with or without subsequent extraction in alkaline ethanol, when examined by electron microscope and analyzed quantitatively for amino acid content differ in ultrastructure and constituent amino acids. evidence suggests that the lipid-associated amino acids (as peptide or protein) occupy a location superficial to the basal peptido-glycan layer of this nocardia. their removal is associated with ... | 1971 | 4108475 |
| cell-wall defective variant of nocardia rubra. | 1972 | 4483033 | |
| [investigations of the kinetics of the breakdown of phenol with and without pyrocatechol by nocardia rubra (author's transl)]. | 1973 | 4779171 | |
| [distribution of pyrimidine blocks in the dna of brevibacterium linens, arthrobacter globiformis, nocardia corallina and nocardia rubra]. | the nucleotide composition and the frequency of pyrimidine blocks were studied in dna of the following bacteria: brevibacterium linens (weignamm, 1910) breed, 1953; arthrobacter globiformis (conn, 1928) conn et dimmick, 1947; nocardia corallina (bergey et al., 1923) waksman et henrici, 1948; nocardia rubra (krassilnikov, 1949) waksman et henrici, 1948. these organisms are classed by some microbiologists as mycobacteria (the mycobacteriaceae family) while other authors regard them as representati ... | 1975 | 241002 |
| [nocardia pellegrini: iii. an attempt of phage typing(author's transl)]. | the typing of nocardia pellegrini with different nocardia-phages was studied. the investigation included 25 nocardia pellegrini strains, 19 strains of different nocardia species and also strains of different species of mycobacteria. it could be stated that phages typical for nocardia pellegrini were also active against other fast fragmentating nocardia species, such as nocardia corallina or nocardia rubra. however, they did not attack nocardia asteroides or strains of mycobacteria. phages typica ... | 1975 | 1098326 |
| effect of nocardia and mycobacterium cell-wall skeleton on autochthonous tumor grafts. | cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra and of mycobacterium bovis bcg in the oil-attached form, when injected mixes with autografts of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma or of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of mice, suppresses the growth of tumor autografts to a demonstrate extent. the bcg whole cell wall showed no effect. the local destruction of tumor autografts did not induce recognizable systemic immunity to the respective tumors. these findings are commended upon from immunological and ch ... | 1975 | 1102381 |
| adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions. iii. adjuvant effect of cell wall of mycobacterium bovis bcg on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice. | a quantitative assay and characterization of oil-attached cell wall of mycobacterium bovis bcg (bcg-cws) which stimulates cell-mediated immunity of spleen cells to alloantigens in mice were carried out by an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity test using 51cr-labeled target cells. c57bl/6j mice (h-2b) were immunized intraperitoneally with mastocytoma cells (h-2d) with or without oil-attached bcg-cws. the cytotoxicity, comparable to that of spleen cells from mice immunized with mastocytoma cells ... | 1975 | 811834 |
| elevated 7s immunoglobulin and acute phase proteins in adjuvant-injected chickens. | injection of chickens with fca or fia supplemented with either bordetella pertussis or nocardia rubra induced greatly increased serum levels of 7s ig and proteins with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mobility in electrophoresis. the serum protein changes were correlated with the development of dhs and the formation of a large allergic granuloma. the 7s ig was considered "nonspecific" since it was not adsorbed with the bacterial cells. the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mobility proteins were identified as ac ... | 1975 | 813235 |
| mitogenic activity of the cell walls of mycobacteria, nocardia, corynebacteria and anaerobic coryneforms. | the mitogenic activity of the cell walls prepared from mycobacterium bovis bcg, nocardia rubra, corynebacterium diphtheriae pw8, and four species of propionibacterium, corynebacterium parvum atcc 11829, propionibacterium acnes c7, propionibacterium granulosum atcc 25564 and propionibacterium avidum atcc 25577, were investigated. these cell walls were active as mitogens on normal spleen cells, anti-o sera-treated spleen cells, macrophage-depleted spleen cells of c57bl/6j mice and cortisone-treate ... | 1976 | 824484 |
| [an electron microscopic study of nocardia rubra growing in a medium containing phenol]. | changes in the cytoplasm were detected in the ultrastructure of nocardia rubra 80 growing on a medium containing phenol: the cytoplasm aggregated to yield inclusions with different electron density, having round shape and granular structure. the inclusions are surrounded with bright zones. cells were formed, which resembled bacterial endospores by their formation and structure; however, typical refractive spores with envelopes and cortex have not been detected. | 1976 | 933882 |
| presence and subcellular localization of two distinct mitogenic fractions in the cells of nocardia rubra and nocardia opaca: preparation of soluble mitogenic peptidoglycan fractions. | fractionation of cells of nocardia rubra and nocardia opaca led to the separation of the cell wall and a "cytoplasmic" fraction. both fractions were mitogenic for the splenocytes of akr and nude mice and of rabbits. the peptidoglycan was the active part of the cell wall fraction. the products solubilized by the action of streptomyces albus g peptidases on the peptidoglycan of n. rubra were mitogenic, but the products solubilized by lysoyme were not. tentative structures are proposed for these fr ... | 1976 | 1278999 |
| macrophage dependency of t-lymphocyte mitogenesis by nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton. | the mitogenic activity of the cell-wall skeleton (cws) of nocardia rubra on purified splenic t-cells (thymus-derived lymphocytes) was investigated. n. rubra cws showed remarkable mitogenic activity on normal spleen cells of c57bl/6j mice at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microgram per milliliter of culture medium, while, on purified splenic t-cells, n. rubra cws did not act as an mitogen at any concentration. however, mitogenic activity of n. rubra cws on t-cells was restored if purified ... | 1977 | 304149 |
| a comparative study of the 'rhodochrous' complex and related taxa by delayed-type skin reactions on guinea pigs and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | cell extracts prepared by ultrasonic disruption of 17 strains of the 'rhodochrous' complex and related taxa were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and for immunologic relatedness, by skin test reactions. two organisms, jensenia canicruria and nocardia calcarea, gave similar gel patterns and skin test reactions, and are considered to be identical. extracts of nocardia rubra showed a strong antigenic relationship with those of three nocardia pellegrino organisms (n325, n324 and n420) ... | 1977 | 70505 |
| antitumor activity of squalene-treated cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra in mice. | 1978 | 103768 | |
| suppression of autochthonous tumors by mixed implantation with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton and related bacterial fractions. | antitumor activities of the cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra and related bacterial fractions in autochthonous tumor-host system were tested on autografts of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in shn mice and of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in icr/jcl mice. the oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of n. rubra was the most effective in suppressing the autografts of the mammary adenocarcinoma but less of the fibrosarcoma, when the autografts were mixed with oil-attached preparation and ... | 1978 | 416987 |
| suppression by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton mammary dna synthesis, plasma prolactin level, and spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in mice. | the effects of the cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra on mammary gland dna synthesis, plasma prolactin levels, and spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in mice were studied. female shn mice received s.c. injections of 100 microgram n. rubra cell wall every 7 days between 2 and 12 months of age. the treatment resulted in the marked inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis; incidence was significantly lower in the experimental mice than in the controls except at 9 and 12 months of age. the age of onset ... | 1978 | 657146 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on the induction of lung cancer in aci/n rats. | administration of oil-attached nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n. rubra-cws) was evaluated for the effect of the induction of lung cancers in aci/n rats. lung cancers were induced by 15 weekly intratracheal instillations of 3 mg benzo[a]-pyrene with 3 mg ferric oxide. after the 10th instillation of the carcinogen, rats received seven subcutaneous injections of 100 microgram of n. rubra-cws at 2-week intervals. in the observation period of 56 weeks, the cumulative incidence of lung cancer was ... | 1979 | 446976 |
| association of macrophage activation with antitumor effect on rat syngeneic fibrosarcoma by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | the antitumor activities of the cell wall skeleton (cws) of nocardia rubra were demonstrated for syngeneic fibrosarcoma (amc-60) in aci/n rats in regard to macrophage activation. in the 24-hr cytolytic test, activated macrophages which were fractionated from peritoneal exudate cells induced by i.p. injection of nocardia cws showed significant cytolytic activity for [125i]iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells. activated macrophages also strongly inhibited [3h]thymidine incorporation into the tumor ... | 1979 | 498096 |
| cytostatic activity of peripheral blood monocytes against bronchogenic carcinoma cells in patients with lung cancer. | cytostatic acitivity of peripheral blood monocytes against cultured cell lines of bronchogenic carcinoma was examined in patients with lung cancer. cytostatic activity in lung cancer patients with neither augmented nor suppressed as compared with that of controls such as normal healthy persons, patients with malignancies other than lung cancer, and patients with benign respiratory diseases. there was no correlation between the cytostatic activity of monocytes and the advance of clinical stages o ... | 1979 | 229054 |
| comparative study on antitumor effect of cell-wall skeleton of mycobacterium bovis bcg and nocardia rubra, with reference to t-cell dependency and independency. | antitumor activity induced by the oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws) was compared with that of the oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of mycobacterium bovis bcg (bcg-cws) in syngeneic balb/c tumor-host systems. in normal balb/c mice (+/+), n-cws exhibited stronger suppressive effect on syngeneic br-1 and mca tumors than did bcg-cws. in athymic nude mice (nu/nu), bcg-cws was as effective as n-cws for the suppression of growth of such tumors. suppressive effect of n-cws treatme ... | 1979 | 381087 |
| activation of peritoneal macrophages by oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of bcg and nocardia rubra. | the effect of oil-attached cell-wall skeletons of bcg (bcg-cws) and nocardia rubra (n. rubra-cws) on macrophage functions was examined regarding phagocytosis of zymosan particles, uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg), and cytostatic activity against syngeneic tumor cells. a single intraperitoneal injection of either bcg-cws or n. rubra-cws in mice resulted in accumulation of a large number of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. they demonstrated, in vitro, a significant cytostatic effect on targ ... | 1979 | 381089 |
| inhibitory effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. | 1980 | 6768560 | |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on the induction of lung cancer and amyloidosis by 3-methylcholanthrene in rabbits. | repeated intravenous administrations of oil-attached nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n. rubra-cws) prevented the induction of lung cancer by intrabronchial instillations of 3-methylcholanthrene in rabbits. amyloidosis was seen after giving 3-methylcholanthrene, and the incidence was higher in the n. rubra-cws administered rabbits than in the controls. | 1980 | 7418984 |
| activation of rat alveolar macrophages to the tumoricidal state in the presence of progressively growing pulmonary metastases. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of progressively growing pulmonary metastases influences the number and function of alveolar macrophages (am). female f344 rats were given i.v. injections of cells from a metastatic variant line of the syngeneic adenocarcinoma madb-105. at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after injection, normal and tumor-bearing animals (3/group) were killed, and their am were harvested by lavage. the functional integrity of am was determined by their capaci ... | 1981 | 7237438 |
| killing of tumor cells in vitro by macrophages from mice given injections of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra. | peritoneal exudate cells (pec) harvested from mice after i.p. injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n. rubra-cws) demonstrated vigorous cytolytic activity in vitro toward tumor target cells. fractionation of these pec by adherence to plastic dishes showed that the cytolytic activity in pec was associated with an adherent phagocytic cell. induction of the cytolytic adherent pec required an optimal dose of 50 micrograms n. rubra-cws and i.p. injection. cytolytic activ ... | 1981 | 7248952 |
| phase i study with cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra. | toxicity of the cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws) was evaluated in 60 patients with lung cancer, leukemia, and malignant melanoma who were given the agent intratumorally, intrapleurally, and intradermally in doses of 100-2000 micrograms. fever was the most common toxic effect and was more frequent after intratumoral and intrapleural doses than after intradermal doses. the other predominant reaction was skin lesions such as erythema, induration, and abscess at the injection sites. | 1981 | 7248988 |
| intrapleural therapy of malignant pleurisy in patients with neuroblastoma. | three children with advanced neuroblastoma developed pleural effusion in the course of their disease. this unusual complication was successfully treated with intrapleural administration of a nonspecific "immunostimulatory" agent; cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws). the side effects of this procedure were mild and well tolerated even in infants in spite of their terminal stage. intrapleural therapy in this study seemed to be useful for the treatment of pediatric malignant pleurisy. | 1981 | 7266428 |
| enhancement by immunostimulants of the production by mouse spleen cells of factor(s) stimulating differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells. | mouse myeloid leukemic ml cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophages and granulocytes in vitro by a factor(s) stimulating differentiation of the cells (d-factor) or by various chemical compounds. spleen lymphocytes and spleen macrophages have been shown to produce d-factor when treated with various mitogens including lipopolysaccharide or synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide, poly(i) . poly(c). several immunostimulants from microorganisms were tested for ability to induce dif ... | 1981 | 6951792 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on t-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice bearing syngeneic sarcoma. | cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic mc104 fibrosarcoma cells was detected in c57bl/6n mice 7 days after tumor inoculation in the hind foot. this cytotoxicity was undetectable by day 14 in the winn test using spleen and draining popliteal lymph node (dpln) cells. similar results were obtained with the 51cr release assay following in vitro activation of these lymphoid cells with mitomycin c-treated tumor cells. the antitumor cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by t-cells. spleen but not ... | 1981 | 6969630 |
| [action mechanism of cell wall skeleton of bcg and nocardia rubra as immunomodulator]. | 1981 | 7031297 | |
| [treatment of difficult cases of spontaneous pneumothorax--pleurodesis using nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton]. | 1981 | 7052631 | |
| immunotherapy of guinea pigs with a transplanted hepatoma: comparison of intralesionally injected emulsions containing heat-killed nocardia rubra, mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobacterium phlei. | heat-killed cells of mycobacterium bovis (bcg), mycobacterium phlei and nocardia rubra were each tested in emulsified form for their ability to cause regression of established dermal transplants and lymph node metastases of a syngeneic hepatocarcinoma in guinea pigs. on a weight basis, bcg was superior to n. rubra in causing tumor regression. under the conditions tested n. rubra was inferior to m. phlei in its antitumor activity. m. phlei and bcg were approximately the same in their therapeutic ... | 1982 | 7099513 |
| [effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on cultured spontaneous cell medicated cytotoxicity (author's transl)]. | 1982 | 7115089 | |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation. | the in vivo effect of nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) was studies on the generation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming units culture (cfu-c)] and on the levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (csa) in the conditioned medium of the lung (lcm) and serum obtained from mice. in vitro bone marrow culture showed that intraperitoneal (ip) treatment of mice with n-cws markedly enhanced cfu-c formation induced by stimuli in lcm or serum derived from li ... | 1982 | 7129005 |
| effect of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in rats pretreated with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities such as aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities decreased to about 50% of the control levels 1 day after i.v. injection of 4.0 mg/kg nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) to rats. these levels recovered gradually, and returned to almost the same levels as the control 6 days after injection. cytochrome p-450 content and nadph-cytochrome c reductase activity showed almost the same temporal changes as the mixed-function oxi ... | 1982 | 7134631 |
| current status and perspectives of immunomodulators of microbial origin. | the chemical structure and characteristics, the antitumour activity, the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic activities, immunological properties and mode of action of immunomodulators of microbial origin, especially antitumour polysaccharide lentinan, have been discussed immunopharmacologically in comparison with pachymaran, schizophyllan, diluzio's yeast glucan, coriolus preparation ps-k, streptococcal preparation ok-432, nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton n-cws together with bc ... | 1982 | 6815071 |
| analysis of therapeutic effect in experimental chemoimmunotherapy for rat ascites tumor. | the lyophilized, squalene-treated nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) was confirmed to produce tumoricidal peritoneal macrophages resulting in inhibition of tumor growth when injected locally into the syngeneic ascites fibrosarcoma, amc 60 in aci/n rats. furthermore, n-cws was found to augment therapeutic effect when administered repeatedly after a single local injection of mitomycin-c (mmc). to analyze the effects, various in vitro cytolysis assays were performed using n-cws-activated per ... | 1982 | 6821517 |
| successful regional immunotherapy with cell-wall skeletons of bcg and nocardia rubra against autochthonous rat tumors. | autochthonous tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (mca) in the thigh of fischer 344 rats were treated by nonspecific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton of bcg (bcg-cws) or nocardia rubra (n-cws) after incomplete radiotherapy. when mca-induced autochthonous tumors grew to 3 cm in diameter, they were resected and autografted to the contralateral thigh. when the autografted tumors reached 1 cm in diameter, they were exposed to a single irradiation with 2000 rad giving rise to complete shrinka ... | 1982 | 6759287 |
| in vivo and in vitro effects of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on natural killer activity in mice. | the in vivo and in vitro effects of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) on natural killer (nk) activity of spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes of c57bl/6 mice were studied. the nk activity of spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes against yac-1 lymphoma cells and cultured b-16 melanoma cells peaked at 3 days after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration of n-cws, and returned to the normal value 7 days later. the nk activity of spleen lymphocytes was augmented by in vitro incubation with n- ... | 1983 | 6840432 |
| combined treatment of autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced murine tumors by immunotherapy and radiotherapy. | c57bl/6j mice with autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors were given combined therapy with 2,000 rad of local irradiation and regional injections of cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws). the greatest suppression of the tumor growth and the highest survival rate were observed in the combined treatment group as compared to the non-treated control, regional injections of n-cws alone and irradiation alone groups. in addition, pulmonary metastasis was significantly suppressed by th ... | 1983 | 6840433 |
| randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in postoperative gastric cancer patients. | from september 1979 through march 1981, a total of 302 patients with gastric cancer and undergoing gastrectomy at the department of surgery at chiba university hospital and its 14 affiliated hospitals was studied for clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. the patients were stratified by gross stage of cancer and degree of operative curability. they were then assigned randomly to either chemotherapy group or chemotherapy plus immunotherapy group. immunothe ... | 1983 | 6850612 |
| [effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton against pleuritis carcinomatosa in adenocarcinoma of the lung]. | forty-one cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung with pleuritis carcinomatosa were randomly assigned to either chemotherapy alone or chemoimmunotherapy using nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton as immunopotentiator. in 34 evaluable patients, the rates of volume decrease and the disappearance of tumor cells in pleural effusion were higher in chemoimmunotherapy group than in chemotherapy alone group, and median survival times from the beginning of treatment in chemotherapy alone and chemoimmunotherapy ... | 1983 | 6881978 |
| superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide release by macrophages from mice treated with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton: inhibition of macrophage cytotoxicity by a protease inhibitor but not by superoxide dismutase and catalase. | peritoneal macrophages obtained from male balb/c mice intraperitoneally injected with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) showed abundant superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide release in response to opsonized zymosan used as a trigger. these n-cws-induced macrophages also showed marked cytolytic activity against syngeneic meth a fibrosarcoma targets. to examine the possible role of superoxide anion and/or hydrogen peroxide in the lysis of meth a cells, n-cws-induced macrophages were assay ... | 1983 | 6301916 |
| [effect of adjuvant immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton in lung cancer]. | a randomized clinical trial of intrapleural nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) followed by intradermal n-cws was performed against lung cancer patients from november, 1977 to june 1981. totally, 190 patients were entered into this trial. the n-cws treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of remission duration against not only operable but also inoperable patients. however, significant improvement of survival rate was observed only in operable patients, especially curative+relative ... | 1983 | 6325864 |
| [immunotherapy of resectable lung cancer using nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton]. | a randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy was performed using nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) for inoperable lung cancer patients in 5 institutions from october, 1978 to june, 1981. all patients without pleural effusions were treated according to common protocol including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and the patients on performance status 0 to 3 were randomized to control and n-cws group. in n-cws group, 400 micrograms n-cws was injected once or twice into the bronch ... | 1983 | 6349535 |
| [evaluation of postoperative immunotherapy of gastric cancer]. | in order to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy on gastric cancer patients, we performed two controlled trials of immunotherapy with bcg-cws and nocardia rubra cws respectively. a controlled trial of bcg-cws was performed from 1976 to 1978. the result showed an improved survival rate of the immunotherapy as compared with the chemotherapy group. from september 1979 through march 1981, a total of 302 patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy at the department of surgery, ... | 1983 | 6349536 |
| retinoid feeding, hormone inhibition, and/or immune stimulation and the genesis of carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinomas. | female sprague-dawley rats were treated at 53 days of age with a single intubation of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba). three days after carcinogen treatment, the animals were treated with retinyl acetate (ra) (at 3 dietary levels), hormone inhibition (hi) [tamoxifen (1-rho-beta-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene) plus 2 bromo-alpha-ergocryptine], and/or immune stimulation (methanol-extracted residue of bacillus calmette-guérin, cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra, or cell ... | 1983 | 6401220 |
| [augmentation of the cytostatic activity of granulocytes by biological response modifiers (brm)]. | the effects of various biological response modifiers (brm) such as nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws), ok-432, muramyl dipeptide (mdp), staphylococcal protein a, interferon, lymphokine on the cytostatic activity of granulocytes against cultured tumor cells were examined. the cytostatic activity of untreated granulocytes from 10 normal healthy volunteers ranged from 14% to 30%. lymphokine obtained from the supernatant of lymphocytes cultured with con a-sepharose directly suppressed the dna ... | 1983 | 6577815 |
| [immunotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton. a randomized controlled study]. | 1983 | 6582752 | |
| randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton for inoperable lung cancer. | in order to evaluate the clinical benefit of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws), a randomized controlled study was performed with inoperable lung cancer patients entered in 5 institutions from october 1978 to june 1981. patients without pleural effusions were treated initially with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, according to common protocol, and then patients in performance statuses 0 to 3 were randomized into control and n-cws groups with stratification ... | 1983 | 6616485 |
| the analysis of cytostatic activity of human peripheral blood granulocytes and its augmentation with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws). | granulocytes of normal volunteers showed substantial levels of cytostatic activity against tumor-cell-derived cell lines. spontaneous cytostatic activity of the granulocytes was observed after 24 h incubation and reached the maximal level within 48 h. lysates of granulocytes also showed significant cytostatic activity. the cytostatic activity of the granulocytes was significantly augmented by in vitro incubation with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws). maximal augmentation of granulocyte- ... | 1983 | 6630283 |
| chemoimmunotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with bcg-and/or nocardia rubra-cell wall skeleton (cws). i. clinical efficacy. | 1983 | 6632770 | |
| chemoimmunotherapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with bcg- and/or nocardia rubra-cell wall skeleton (cws). ii. analysis of the mechanisms of immunological destruction of the tumor cells. | 1983 | 6632771 | |
| changes in immunological parameters of the retired workers of the okunojima poison gas factory with administration of bcg or nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | 1983 | 6678902 | |
| multidisciplinary treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma. | the history of treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma is divided into four characteristic periods, with the corresponding 5-year cumulative survival rates of: 20% of 282 patients for 1957 to 1966; 25% of 191 patients for 1967 to 1971; 39% of 166 patients for 1972 to 1975; and 54% of 134 patients for 1976 to 1979. the best treatment at present consists of 60co gamma ray (5000 rad/25 fractions/5 weeks), continuous intra-arterial 5-fu infusion (2000 mg during the radiotherapy), tumor reduction main ... | 1983 | 6193854 |
| changes in natural killer cell, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and interferon activities with administration of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton to subjects with high risk of lung cancer. | changes in natural killer (nk) cell, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) and interferon activities after administration of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) to a group of subjects with high risk of lung cancer (retired workers of the okunojima poison gas factory) were studied. no difference in nk cell activity against k-562 derived from chronic myelogeneous leukemia was observed among normal controls, non n-cws-injected workers and n-cws-injected workers. none of the nor ... | 1983 | 6199252 |
| [local application of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusion]. | pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with malignant neoplasm. a randomized controlled study of intrapleural instillation of adriamycin (control group, 30 patients) and adriamycin nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws group, 26 patients) with tube thoracostomy was performed in 55 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to primary lung cancer. the response rates for control of pleural effusion were 73.4% in the n-cws group and 46.1% in the n-cws group. these results sugges ... | 1984 | 6206796 |
| inhibition of pulmonary metastasis by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton, with special reference to macrophage activation. | the antimetastatic activity of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) with or without cyclophosphamide was examined in an experimental model of pulmonary metastasis induced by lewis lung carcinoma in c57bl/6 mice. lewis lung carcinoma cells were implanted into the footpads of mice, and the implanted tumors were removed 9 to 10 days later. pulmonary metastatic nodules began to develop a few days after the implanted tumor was removed. the inhibitory effect of n-cws was evaluated from the number ... | 1984 | 6692370 |
| isonicotinic acid hydrazide induced changes and inhibition in mycolic acid synthesis in nocardia and related taxa. | the mycolic acid compositions of nocardia rubra and related bacteria grown in media containing different concentrations of antituberculous isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh) were determined in detail by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. on the basis of molecular species composition, average carbon numbers of mycolic acids were calculated. in nocardia rubra, n. lutea and rhodococcus rhodochrous ifo-13161, the ratio of mycolic to non-mycolic fatty acids and the average carbon numbers of mycolic ... | 1984 | 6428369 |
| [effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on mycolic acid synthesis in nocardia rubra]. | 1984 | 6492553 | |
| [antitumor activity of bacterial fractions and related synthetic compounds]. | we have purified the cell-wall skeletons (cws) of mycobacterium bovis bcg, nocardia rubra, propionibacterium acnes and listeria monocytogenes as the adjuvant-active principles of these bacterial cells. these cell-wall skeleton preparations were shown to have antitumor activities in experimental tumor systems. especially bcg-cws and n. rubra-cws were applied for the treatment of human cancer. the synthetic immunoadjuvants such as cord factor, mycoloyl and quinonyl derivatives of n-acetylmuramyldi ... | 1984 | 6508322 |
| [symposium on treatments of cancer. 7. intratumoral injections of nocardia rubra-cell wall skeleton in hilar type lung cancer of man and lewis lung carcinoma of mice]. | 1984 | 6520520 | |
| [chemical pleurodesis with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) for management of pleural air leakage]. | 1984 | 6530571 | |
| potentiation of tumoricidal properties of murine macrophages by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws). | intraperitoneal injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws) caused increase in number of peritoneal exudate cells (pec). adherent macrophages obtained from n-cws-treated pec suppressed growth of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (meth-a), when injected intradermally with the tumor cells into balb/c mice. the macrophages showed strong cytotoxicity against meth-a cells in vitro. when treated with 10 micrograms/ml of n-cws in vitro, proteose peptone-induced macr ... | 1984 | 6373700 |
| randomized clinical trial of non-specific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton of nocardia rubra. | a randomized clinical trial of intrapleural nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) followed by intradermal n-cws was performed against lung cancer patients from november, 1977 to june, 1981. totally, 190 patients were entered into this trial. the n-cws treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of remission duration against not only operable but also inoperable patients. however, significant improvement of survival rate was observed only in operable patients, especially curative operati ... | 1984 | 6380607 |
| [randomized controlled study on adjuvant immunotherapy for unresectable lung cancer with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton]. | 1985 | 3892116 | |
| effects of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on lymphocyte subsets in former poison gas factory workers. | peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were determined in former workers of the okunojima poison gas factory (poison gas workers) having a high incidence of lung cancer, and the effect of administration of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) was studied. in poison gas workers not receiving n-cws, both the percentage and absolute number of leu-2a+ cells were significantly increased as compared with normal controls, while both the percentage and absolute number of leu-7+ cells as well as the le ... | 1985 | 3936829 |
| effector mechanism in concomitant immunity potentiated by intratumoral injection of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | primary growth of amc 60 fibrosarcoma inoculated into the hind leg of aci/n rats resulted in occasional generation of concomitant resistance to growth of a second graft of the same tumor cells in the peritoneal or pleural cavity. using this syngeneic tumor-host system, experiments were carried out to elucidate the effect of intratumoral injections of an immunomodulator, nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws), on concomitant immunity. rats bearing a solid tumor into which n-cws was repeatedly ... | 1985 | 4063987 |
| [a randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with n-cws for head and neck malignancies]. | the nonspecific adjuvant immunotherapeutic effectiveness of the cell wall skeleton of nocardia rubra (n-cws) was studied in patients with head-and-neck malignancies. this study involved 390 patients seen from march 1980 to july 1982. the patients qualifying for statistical analysis were limited to 276 with squamous cell carcinoma without a vestige of tumor after four months of radical therapy. they were divided into two background-factors matched groups of 132 immunotherapy and 144 control patie ... | 1985 | 4068237 |
| inhibitory effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on splenomegaly induced by friend leukemia virus in mice. | antitumorigenic effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) was evaluated by its ability to prevent splenomegaly induced by friend leukemia virus (flv) in c3h/hen mice. pretreatment with n-cws significantly inhibited the splenomegaly as evidenced by the lack of increase in spleen weight but n-cws given after flv inoculation had no effect. | 1985 | 4074416 |
| randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in postoperative lung cancer patients. | a randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy was performed in patients with operable lung cancer from november 1977 to june 1981. the immunotherapy consisted of an intrapleural instillation of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) followed by serial intradermal n-cws. a total of 119 patients were entered into this trial. there were 64 evaluable patients in the control group and 52 evaluable patients in the n-cws group. n-cws treatment was effective in terms of prolon ... | 1985 | 3155992 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton and/or cyclophosphamide on leukemogenesis induced by n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea in donryu rats. | the effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) and/or cyclophosphamide (cp) on chemical carcinogenesis was examined in female donryu rats exposed to n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) in the drinking water for 6 weeks. five administrations of n-cws following enu treatment caused a slight prolongation of the average survival of rats but did not reduce the incidence of leukemia. cp given on two occasions after enu treatment caused a moderate prolongation of average survival period and a moderate ... | 1985 | 3159735 |
| intratumoral injections of nocardia rubra-cell wall skeleton for hilar type lung cancer in humans and lewis lung carcinoma in mice. | 1985 | 2987587 | |
| strain differences in the antitumor activity of an immunopotentiator, nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton, in b10 congenic and recombinant mice. | an immunogenetic evaluation of the antitumor activity of the immunopotentiator nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n. rubra-cws) has been performed using non-virus-producing tumors induced by the schmidt-ruppin strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) in b10 congenic and recombinant mice. live tumor cells mixed with either n. rubra-cws or a placebo control were inoculated intradermally into the right flank of syngeneic mice. with n. rubra-cws, the development and growth of b10 mouse tumors, s1018(b10) ... | 1985 | 2989065 |
| protective effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on experimental infection in normal and immunosuppressed mice. | the protective effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) on experimental infections was investigated in normal and immunosuppressed mice. pretreatment with n-cws provided protection against acute systemic infections due to pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and listeria monocytogenes in normal mice. n-cws administered before or after challenge also showed protective activity against herpes simplex virus infection in normal mice. n-cws w ... | 1986 | 3028434 |
| in vivo activation of functional properties in mouse peritoneal macrophages by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | exudative cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice, particularly polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly increased 1 day after intraperitoneal injection of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws). macrophages and lymphocytes significantly increased 4 to 7 days after injection. n-cws also enhanced peritoneal macrophage functions such as phagocytosis of latex particles, production of superoxide anion, production and secretion of lysosomal enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and acid ph ... | 1986 | 3028437 |
| augmented production of colony-stimulating factor in c3h/hen mice immunized with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | c3h/hen mice subcutaneously injected repeatedly with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) acquired cellular immunity against n-cws. in these n-cws-immunized mice, the serum colony-stimulating factor (csf) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in the bone marrow remarkably increased after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of n-cws compared with those in normal control mice given an single i.p. injection. to analyze the effects of secondary immune response to n-cws on csf producti ... | 1986 | 3082754 |
| effects of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in former poison gas factory workers. | phytohemagglutinin (pha)-induced interleukin 2 (il-2) production and lymphocyte proliferation were measured in former workers of the okunojima poison gas factory (poison gas workers), who have a high incidence of lung cancer, and the efficacy of administration of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) was studied. in comparison with normal controls and poison gas workers receiving n-cws, lymphocyte proliferation in poison gas workers not receiving n-cws showed a significant decrease, while il ... | 1986 | 3084431 |
| randomized controlled study of postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) and tegafur for gastric carcinoma. | we performed a randomized controlled study of postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) and tegafur for gastric carcinoma between september 1979 and march 1983. a total of 309 patients were entered into this trial. of the 309 patients, there were 98 evaluable patients in the chemotherapy group and 115 evaluable patients in the immunochemotherapy group. in both groups, tegafur was given as chemotherapy at a daily dose of 400 to 800 mg, starting at 24 ... | 1986 | 3087619 |
| randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) in adults with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton and irradiated allogeneic aml cells. | the effect of immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) on remission duration and survival of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) was studied in a prospective randomized controlled study. after having been induced into complete remission and having been consolidated, 73 patients were randomized either to maintenance chemotherapy or maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with n-cws and irradiated allogeneic aml cells. thirty-four patients in the chemotherapy group ... | 1986 | 3512070 |
| mechanism(s) of in vitro macrophage activation with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton: the effects on macrophage activating factor production by lymphocytes. | balb/c mouse peritoneal macrophages prepared from wpc which had been treated with n. cws demonstrated potent cytostatic activity against syngeneic meth a fibrosarcoma cells. the maximum cytostatic activity developed in the macrophages when wpc were incubated with 25 micrograms/ml n. cws for 3 days. napc from balb/c mice given an i.p. injection with 100 micrograms n. cws 7 days previously (n. cws-napc) or supernatants from n. cws-napc also activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. however, when ... | 1986 | 3521853 |
| [immunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) in adults with the nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton]. | the effect of immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) on the remission duration and survival of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) was studied in a prospective randomized controlled study. after having been induced into complete remission and consolidated, 73 patients were randomized either to maintenance chemotherapy or maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with n-cws and irradiated allogeneic aml cells. thirty-four patients in the chemotherapy group and 32 ... | 1986 | 3524463 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on humoral and cellular factors related to immune response in mice and guinea pigs. | the in vitro and in vivo effects of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) on induction of serum ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, complement and interferon in mice and guinea pigs are described. after intraperitoneal administration of n-cws to mice, serum hemopexin increased markedly and also induced an increase of haptoglobin, but not of ceruloplasmin. the drug activated complement in vitro but did not affect serum complement level in guinea pigs. intravenous n-cws induced serum interf ... | 1986 | 3566838 |
| granuloma formation and hemopoiesis induced by c36-48-mycolic acid-containing glycolipids from nocardia rubra. | as previously reported (i. yano, i. tomiyasu, s. kitabatake, and k. kaneda, acta leprologica 2:341-349, 1984), nocardia rubra, one of the nonpathogenic actinomycetes, possesses three classes of mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, i.e., glucose mycolate, trehalose dimycolate, and trehalose monomycolate. the carbon chain length of their mycolic acids is shorter (c36-48) than that in mycobacteria (longer than c70), and the glycolipid consists of only alpha-mycolic acid. one intravenous administrati ... | 1986 | 3781628 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on murine interferon production in vitro. | nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) induced alpha- plus beta-interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) in resident peritoneal cells and bone marrow cells from normal mice. n-cws also induced ifn-alpha/beta and ifn-gamma in the cultures of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells. when induced with n-cws, the mixed cultures of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and spleen cells produced high titered ifn-gamma. both macrophages and lymphocytes present in spleen cells (non-t, non-b, asialo-gm1-positive) ... | 1986 | 2418957 |
| enhanced susceptibility of target kmt-17 cells to activated macrophages by treatment with the antitumor agent bleomycin. | we observed that after kmt-17 cells had been treated with bleomycin (blm), even with a dose as high as 160 micrograms/ml, they were still able to form colonies in soft agar. we then studied the susceptibility of kmt-17 cells treated with blm to activated macrophages. during a colony inhibition assay, blm-treated kmt-17 cells were found to be much more susceptible to activated macrophages than nontreated kmt-17 cells, moreover, a tumor neutralizing assay showed that the growth of blm-treated kmt- ... | 1986 | 2429768 |
| antitumor and phagocytic activities of rat alveolar macrophage subpopulations separated on a discontinuous gradient of bovine serum albumin. | alveolar macrophages (am) lavaged from the lungs of normal f344 rats were separated on a discontinuous density gradient of bovine serum albumin (bsa) into four fractions designated as fraction a (20/25% bsa interface), fraction b (25/30%), fraction c (30/35%); and fraction d (35%/pellet). the abilities of these four fractions to form rosettes with opsonized sheep red blood cells (srbc), to phagocytize these srbc, and to become tumoricidal in response to macrophage-activating agents in vitro were ... | 1986 | 2947976 |
| induction of a tumor necrosis factor-like activity by nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. | nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) stimulated adherent cells harvested from the peritoneal cavities of thioglycollate-treated mice to produce cytotoxic activity. depletion of macrophages from the adherent cells by 2-chloroadenosine or silica abrogated the production of this cytotoxic activity, whereas treatment of the adherent cells with anti-thy-1.2 antibody and complement did not. this suggested that macrophages were the producer cells of the activity. cytotoxic activity became detectab ... | 1987 | 3815373 |
| isolation of mycolic acid-containing glycolipids in nocardia rubra and their granuloma forming activity in mice. | three classes of glycolipids (tmm (trehalose monomycolate), tdm (trehalose dimycolate) and gm (glucose mycolate] containing mycolic acids as hydrophobic components were isolated from a strain of nocardia rubra (rhodococcus rubrum) and their structures have been partially characterized using infrared spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. acid or alkaline hydrolysis of isolated glycolipids revealed that trehalose was the sole water soluble component in t ... | 1987 | 3625445 |
| antitumour activity of purified arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex of the cell wall skeleton of rhodococcus lentifragmentus. | antitumour activity of arabinogalactan peptidoglycan (ap) complex (peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan liberated by an acid or alkaline treatment from rhodococcus lentifragmentus an-115 cell wall skeleton) was examined in mice and compared with that of the cell wall skeleton. the growth of syngeneic fibrosarcoma meth a cells after implantation in balb/c mice was significantly suppressed by ap complex, and also regressed after intratumoral injection of ap complex on days 1, 4 and 7 after tumour imp ... | 1987 | 3655726 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on augmentation of cytotoxicity function in human pleural macrophages. | the ability of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) to augment macrophage cytotoxicity function was examined using human pleural macrophages prepared from 32 malignant pleural effusions and 53 pleural washings. the cytostatic activity of pleural macrophages for human lung cancer cells (pc-9) was augmented following incubation of pleural mononuclear cells with 10 micrograms/ml n-cws for 24 h. macrophage activity was increased by direct interaction of macrophages with n-cws or by incubation o ... | 1987 | 2822242 |
| [host mediated anti-tumor effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on syngeneic tumor in mice]. | the mode of action of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) on meth a fibrosarcoma (meth a) was studied in balb/c mice. n-cws suppressed or regressed the intradermal growth of syngeneic meth a cells in normal balb/c and athymic balb/c mice. the intradermally and subcutaneously infiltrated cells harvested from injection sites of n-cws in normal mice showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against meth a cells. pretreatment of normal balb/c mice with immunosuppressing agents such as hydrocortisone, ... | 1987 | 3497852 |
| epidemiological studies of lung cancer in japanese mustard gas workers. | until the end of the second world war, a poison gas manufacturing plant was operating on okunojima, an island in the seto inland sea. of the gases produced there, mustard gas and lewisite were found to be associated with various malignant tumors including lung cancer. the mortality rate for lung cancer in workers directly or indirectly involved in the production of poison gas was significantly higher than that of workers not involved in the production there. lung cancer caused by poison gas was ... | 1987 | 3506547 |
| augmentative effect of nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (n-cws) on lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cell induction. | the present study elucidated that n-cws augments the cytolytic activity against 3ll tumor cells of lak cells from n-cws-immunized mice administered i.p. with ril-2. this augmentative effect of n-cws was not seen when the lak cells were prepared from normal mice. the cytolytic activity was predominantly expressed in the napc prepared from the site of injection of ril-2, and repeated administrations of ril-2 were required to induce and maintain this potent cytolytic activity in vivo. serological a ... | 1988 | 3257899 |
| effect of nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on interleukin 1 production from mouse peritoneal macrophages. | nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (n-cws) was shown to augment interleukin 1 (il-1) production from peritoneal resident and exudate macrophages in c3h/hen mice. the mol. wt of the n-cws-induced il-1 product was about 17,000 daltons, which is a similar weight to that obtained by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. the stimulation of il-1 production by n-cws was seen as early as 8 h after the start of incubation and peak production was observed at 48 h. profound effects were seen with 10 micrograms/ml ... | 1988 | 3263337 |