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dna vaccines targeting heavy chain c-terminal fragments of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotypes a, b, and e induce potent humoral and cellular immunity and provide protection from lethal toxin challenge.botulinum neurotoxins (bonts) are deadly, toxic proteins produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum that can cause significant diseases in humans. the use of the toxic substances as potential bioweapons has raised concerns by the centers for disease control and prevention and the united states military. currently, there is no licensed vaccine to prevent botulinum intoxication. here we present an immunogenicity study to evaluate the efficacy of novel monovalent vaccines and a trivalent cockt ...026158319
intestinal toxemia botulism in 3 adults, ontario, canada, 2006-2008.five cases of intestinal toxemia botulism in adults were identified within an 18-month period in or near toronto, ontario, canada. we describe findings for 3 of the 5 case-patients. clinical samples contained clostridium botulinum spores and botulinum neurotoxins (types a and b) for extended periods (range 41-61 days), indicative of intestinal toxemia botulism. patients' clinical signs improved with supportive care and administration of botulinum antitoxin. peanut butter from the residence of 1 ...022257757
methods for the isolation and cultivation of bacillus putrificus and other obligate anaerobes. 191916558831
the occurrence of bacillus botulinus in nature. 191916558851
notes on bacillus botulinus. 191916558852
the influence of various chemical and physical agencies upon bacillus botulinus and its spores: i. resistance to salt. 192016558899
studies on bacillus botulinus. 192119972528
clostridium putrificum (b. putrificus bienstock), a distinct species. 192216558972
clostridium botulinum: iv. resistance of spores to moist heat. 192316558998
the effect of certain bacteria upon the toxin production of bacillus botulinus in vitro. 192316559004
clostridium putrificum: ii. morphological, cultural and biochemical study. 192316559007
the identification of bacillus botulinus and its toxin in culture and in canned foodstuffs by serological methods. 192318010938
the influence of calcium chloride upon experimental botulism.1. calcium chloride given subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously has been found to have no effect upon the production of botulism following the injection of bacillus botulinus (strain 80b) into the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs. 2. treatment of bacillus botulinus with alcohol has been found markedly to decrease its toxicity for guinea pigs. this is in conformity with the work of bronfenbrenner and schlesinger. 3. toxin-free spores of bacillus botulinus have been found pathogenic ...192319868746
botulism. studies on the manner in which the toxin of clostridium botulinum acts upon the body : i. the effect upon the autonomic nervous system.a survey of the results of these experiments shows, we believe conclusively, that in botulinus intoxication in cats, dogs, and rabbits there is a specific effect upon the portions of the autonomic nervous system which gaskell (14) described as the bulbosacral and prosomatic outflows of connector fibers respectively, which results in a blocking of the nerve impulses of these nerves. the experimental as well as the clinical evidence indicates that there is no damage to the nerves of the thoracicol ...192319868755
botulism. studies on the manner in which the toxin of clostridium botulinum acts upon the body : ii. the effect upon the voluntary nervous system.1. in addition to the effect upon the fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system which was described in a previous report (1), the toxin of clostridium botilinum. types a and b, exerts an influence upon the endings of the motor fibers of the voluntary nervous system which leads to a marked susceptibility to fatigue. it has not been determined whether the damage is in the anatomical nerve endings of the somatic motor nerve fibers or upon the myoneural junction, but it is not of the nature of an ...192319868794
cause of immediate death by large doses of botulinus toxin.parenteral introduction of amounts of the culture filtrate of bacillus botulinus greatly in excess of the minimum lethal dose has been observed to cause the practically immediate death of mice. this result is due to the presence in the filtrates of a chemical poison possessing properties distinct from those of the contained botulinus toxin which itself acts only after a well defined period of incubation. this chemical poison is not neutralized by botulinus antitoxin; it is effective only when la ...192419868905
the detection of bacillus botulinus and bacillus tetani in soil samples by the constricted tube method. 192416559040
clostridium putrificum: iii. a comparison of strains obtained from collections in this country and abroad. 192416559052
the distribution of bacillus botulinus in scottish soils. 192820474983
botulism and its ophthalmic lesions as determined by research with the toxin of clostridium botulinum. 192916692840
the identity of bacillus putrificus bienstock. 193216559575
a taxonomic study of "clostridium putrificum" and its establishment as a definite entity-clostridium lentoputrescens, nov. spec. 193416559715
clostridium botulinum type c in relation to duck sickness in the province of alberta. 193616559932
the utilization of amino acids and of glucose by clostridium botulinum. 194016560308
the occurrence of toxigenic anaerobes, especially clostridium botulinum, in some english soils. 194220475633
some ecological relations of pseudomonas aeruginosa to clostridium botulinum type c. 194316560665
the occurrence of bacillus botulinus, types a and b, in accidental wounds. 194516560990
the occurrence of bacillus botulinus, types a and b, in accidental wounds. 194520989338
the purification of toxin from clostridium botulinum type a. 194620989469
prevalence of clostridium botulinum in soils of central new york state. 194620989616
the purification and crystallization of clostridium botulinum type a toxin. 194621026141
nutritional studies with clostridium botulinum, toxin types a and b. 194621064682
the purification and crystallization of clostridium botulinum type a toxin. 194617808402
effect of flavonols on clostridium botulinum. 194717741557
practical media and control measures for producing highly toxic cultures of clostridium botulinum, type a. 194716561264
effects of toxins of clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani on acetylcholine synthesis. 194720343791
the elemental and amino acid composition of crystalline clostridium botulinum type a toxin. 194720251447
clostridium botulinum type a toxoids. 194720264579
clostridium botulinum type b toxoids. 194720264580
a preliminary study of the antigenic activity of mixtures of clostridium botulinum toxoid types a and b. 194720264581
the isolation of clostridium botulinum type a from victorian soils. 194720267540
practical media and control measures for producing highly toxic cultures of clostridium botulinum, type a. 194720284968
on the mechanism of paralysis resulting from toxin of clostridium botulinum; the action of the toxin on acetylcholine synthesis and on striated muscle. 194720295512
physiocochemical properties of crystalline clostridium botulinum type a toxin. 194818886177
physiological studies on spore germination, with special reference to clostridium botulinum; carbon dioxide and germination, with a note on carbon dioxide and aerobic spores. 194818902255
physiological studies on spore germination, with special reference to clostridium botulinum; inhibition of germination by unsaturated c18 fatty acids. 194818909075
physiological studies on spore germination with special reference to clostridium botulinum; development of a quantitative method. 194818917662
physiological studies on spore germination with special reference to clostridium botulinum; quantitative aspects of the germination process. 194818917663
physiological studies on spore germination with special reference to clostridium botulinum: i. development of a quantitative method. 194816561435
physiological studies on spore germination with special reference to clostridium botulinum: ii. quantitative aspects of the germination process. 194816561436
physiological studies on spore germination, with special reference to clostridium botulinum: iii. carbon dioxide and germination, with a note on carbon dioxide and aerobic spores. 194816561463
physiological studies on spore germination, with special reference to clostridium botulinum: iv. inhibition of germination by unsaturated c(18) fatty acids. 194816561482
physiological studies on spore formation in clostridium botulinum. 194818101744
hemagglutination by botulinal toxin. 194818102220
[research on botulinum i toxin, anatoxin and antitoxin]. 195014771601
high toxicity of pure botulinum type d toxin. 195014780226
spores of clostridium botulinum in georgia soil. 195014793622
[agglutination of clostridium botulinum, clostridium putrificum and clostridium sporogenes by normal human serum and that of certain animals]. 195014852546
[research on the hemolysin of clostridium botulinum d]. 195015425976
studies on factors affecting the heat resistance of spores of clostridium botulinum. 195114861162
[existence in france of human botulism due to fish and to clostridium botulinum e]. 195114869880
[metabolism of b. botulinus]. 195114806120
a further survey of the action of clostridium botulinum toxin upon different types of autonomic nerve fibre. 195114825230
botulism, a complication of clostridium botulinum wound infection. 195114829135
the behavior of the bolulinus toxins in the ultracentrifuge. 195114830257
clostridium botulinum in a fatal wound infection. 195114832034
[behaviour of toxins of clostridium botulinum and salmonella enteritidis towards antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and dyes]. 195114837307
[contribution to the study of bacterial hemolysins; properties of c and d types of botulinus toxins]. 195114839916
observations on the type a toxin of clostridium botulinum. 195114843148
the lack of identity between hemagglutinin and the toxin of type a botulinal organism. 195114850434
factors affecting the botulinal hemagglutination reaction, and the relationship between hemagglutinating activity and toxicity of toxin preparations. 195114885154
a rapid plate method of counting spores of clostridium botulinum. 195114897814
the pathogenicity of the spores of clostridium botulinum. 195120475837
studies of toxin of clostridium botulinum type d. 195214946388
[botulin toxin type a]. 195214947518
effect of subtilin on spores of clostridium botulinum. 195214955507
subtilin and the spores of clostridium botulinum. 195224541795
[type a botulin toxin; detoxification of toxins and their antigenic properties]. 195213012824
[examination of the possibility of active immunization of experimental animals with oral clostridium botulinum toxin]. 195213014717
[technique of extraction of the toxin of cl. botulinum (c) from bacterial bodies]. 195213048125
[study of catgut injections by clostridium botulinum a]. 195212976796
description of clostridium botulinum type d recovered from soil in south australia. 195212997450
[studies on botulinus toxin a]. 195213001994
characterization of botulinal hemagglutination. 195313007684
motor nerve filament block produced by botulinum toxin. 195313048675
studies on mink food experimentally inoculated with toxin-free spores of clostridium botulinum types a,b,c, and e. 195313065666
the temperature relations of clostridium botulinum, types a and b. 195313066383
the results of direct injections of botulinum toxin into the central nervous system of rabbits. 195313070232
[experimental studies on development of antitoxins in animals immunized with botulin anatoxin type a]. 195313071648
botulinum type a toxin: properties of a toxic dissociation product. 195313081146
in vitro effects of botulinum toxin (type d). 195313109821
botulinum toxin and the motor end plate. 195313120965
the effects of bacterial toxins on the nervous system. 195313134660
[studies on antigenic community among five botulin toxins]. 195313148706
[resistance of botulins diluted in water]. 195313148707
[effect of purifying agents on botulins diluted in water]. 195313148708
[new investigations on botulinism and its five toxic types]. 195313148799
effect of some antibiotics on clostridium botulinum. 195324542418
the action of botulinum toxin on motor-nerve filaments. 195413152695
hemagglutination by clostridium botulinum type d. 195413156619
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