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observations on some factors in the milk of individual cows which modify the growth of lactic streptococci. 193316745178
a substance inhibiting bacterial growth, produced by certain strains of lactic streptococci. 193316745299
phage-resistant and phage-carrying strains of lactic streptococci. 194720475771
further observations on an inhibitory substance (nisin) from lactic streptococci. 194720248355
lysogenic strains of lactic streptococci. 194918228809
the relation of calcium and other constituents of a defined medium to proliferation of lactic streptococcus bacteriophage. 195014794619
[improvement of pasteurized milk through living streptococcus vaccine]. 195114823534
influence of ph on proliferation of lactic streptococcus bacteriophage. 195114824082
growth and nisin production of a strain of streptococcus lactis. 195114824485
a new bacteriophage active against a lactic streptococcus. 195114832208
[variability of lactic streptococci; plicated forms of streptococcus lactis and streptococcus diacetilactis]. 195114842791
various antibiotics from one strain of streptococcus lactis. 195114843161
[bacteriologic investigation of certain derivatives of pteroylglutamic acid]. 195114857682
[bacteriophage and production of cheese; effect of lactic bacteria and other microorganisms on the bacteriophage of lactic streptococci]. 195114882109
streptozyme, a lytic enzyme from lactic streptococci. 195114882292
serological classification of bacteriophages active against lactic streptococci. 195413208169
heat inactivation of bacteriophage strains active against lactic streptococci. 195413208170
action of bacteriophage on mixed strain cultures. iv. domination among strains of lactic streptococci. 195514377379
action of bacteriophage on mixed strain cultures. v. similarities among strains of lactic streptococci in commercially used cultures and use of a whey activity test for culture selection and rotation. 195514377380
host-controlled variations in bacteriophages active against lactic streptococci. 195613312225
utilization of sodium caseinate by lactic streptococci and enterococci. 195613374607
[dispersion of bacteriophages of lactic streptococci in cheese factories]. 195613407461
effect of acetate, citrate, and divalent metal ions on utilization of sodium caseinate by lactic streptococci. 195713437200
amino acids and utilization of sodium caseinate by lactic streptococci. 195713437209
[some comments on the system of lactic streptococci]. 195813570667
[effect of certain factors on the development and biochemical properties of lactic streptococci in milk and cheese]. 195913827946
[synthesis of diacetyl and acetoin by lactic streptococci]. 195914427812
heritable changes in lactic streptococci induced by physical treatments. 196013851392
domination among strains of lactic streptococci with attention to antibiotic production. 196113694748
differentiation of streptococcus lactis var. maltigenes from other lactic streptococci.strains of lactic streptococci isolated from samples of raw milk which had developed a malty aroma were subjected to the cultural, physiological, and serological tests commonly employed in the classification of streptococci. none of the strains could be differentiated from streptococcus lactis by these tests. resting cells of strains which produced an organoleptically detectable malty aroma when cultured in milk were usually found to possess an active alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase, indicating the ...196313949187
teichoic acid and the group antigen of lactic streptococci (group n). 196314089904
[studies on streptococci. ii. on the typing of lactococcus group]. 19634873690
ultra-low temperature storage of lactic streptococci. 19655898730
activity of lactic streptococci following storage at refrigeration temperatures. 19655898796
repression of staphylococcus aureus in associative culture.the growth of staphylococcus aureus mf 31 was suppressed when grown in association with streptococcus diacetilactis and other lactic streptococci. the data indicated that the initial proportion of staphylococci present in the medium was of less importance than the depletion of vital nutrients. investigation revealed that factors present in yeast nitrogen base medium could reverse the inhibition which was due to antagonism. the major factor found was nicotinamide, and further study revealed that ...19654222452
lactic streptococcal phage-associated lysin. i. lysis of heterologous lactic streptococci by a phage-induced lysin. 19665906153
acetaldehyde production by single-strain lactic streptococci. 19665952148
effects of additives on the survival of lactic streptococci in frozen storage.three single-strain cultures, streptococcus lactis c(2), s. cremoris r(1), and s. diacetilactis drc(2), were frozen and stored in skim milk, in skim milk containing apple juice, and in skim milk containing one of the following additives: glycerol (10%, v/v), dimethyl sulfoxide (10%, v/v), l-malic acid (0.5 and 2.0%, w/v), acetamide (0.5 and 2.0%, w/v), or succinimide (0.5 and 2.0%, w/v). cultures were frozen and stored at -23.3 c, frozen and stored at -196 c in liquid nitrogen, or frozen at -196 ...19665953603
storage of lactic streptococci. i. effect of ph on survival and endogenous metabolism in phosphate buffer. 19665959735
long-term storage of bacteriophages of lactic streptococci.four phage strains representing phages of streptococcus lactis, s. cremoris, and s. diacetilactis were selected for the observation of the effect of cold storage on their viability. phages were stored at 4 c and at -18 c, or were frozen at approximately -70 c and stored at -18 c. they were found to display a high degree of stability with these storage methods. the same phage strains showed good stability to storage at room temperature for 3 weeks after thawing and also to alternate freezing and ...19665970828
dehydrogenase activity of lactic streptococci. 19665973363
thermal inactivation of bacteriophages active against lactic streptococci. 19666008383
dry-blended phosphate-treated milk media for inhibition of bacteriophages active against lactic streptococci. 19666008384
acetaldehyde utilization by leuconostoc species.single-strain cultures of leuconostoc dextranicum and l. mesenteroides were found to be capable of utilizing acetaldehyde in both acidified and nonacidified milk cultures at 21 and 30 c. l. dextranicum utilized acetaldehyde more rapidly than l. mesenteroides when the ph of the medium was near that of normal ripened lactic dairy cultures. acetaldehyde production and utilization varied widely among different two-strain cultures of lactic streptococci and leuconostocs. the concentration of acetalde ...19666013211
purification and properties of streptococcus lactis beta-galactosidase.beta-galactosidase of streptococcus lactis 7962 was partially purified, and its properties were studied. enzyme from only this strain of numerous lactic streptococci tested was stable in cell exudates prepared by various means. cell-free extracts of the 7962 strain were prepared by sonic treatment of washed cells previously grown in presence of lactose to fully induce enzyme synthesis. protamine sulfate precipitation of the nucleic acids and ammonium sulfate precipitation of protein were used fo ...19676025431
acetone in milk cultures of lactic streptococci and leuconostoc citrovorum. 19676072274
proteinase enzyme system of lactic streptococci. ii. role of membrane proteinase in cellular function.the effect of several environmental conditions on the structure and activity of a membrane-associated proteinase from streptococcus lactis was investigated. the activity of the enzyme varied with ph. before storage at 3 c, maximal activity occurred at ph 6.0, but was minimal at this ph after storage. at all ph values tested, the enzyme was inactivated after storage. after storage at 3 c, the enzyme showed gross structural alterations with a concomitant loss of activity. gel filtration and sedime ...19676072329
proteinase enzyme system of lactic streptococci. i. isolation and partial characterization.proteinase activity of streptococcus lactis cells was maximal at ph 6.0, but after storage at 3 c the minimal activity was observed at this ph. activity lost as a result of storage could be restored by adding glutathione. whole cells were fractionated into soluble (intracellular) and particulate fractions by sonic disruption; both fractions contained enzymatic activity. activity of the soluble (intracellular) fraction was found to be stable to storage at 3 c, but was inhibited progressively with ...19674963446
proteinase enzyme system of lactic streptococci. 3. substrate specificity of streptococcus lactis intracellular proteinase.the substrate specificity of an intracellular proteinase from streptococcus lactis was investigated in an effort to understand the role of the enzyme in the cell. peptides in which the n-terminal residue was glycine were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme (exceptions were glycyl-alanine, glycyl-aspartic acid, and glycyl-asparagine), but the peptide was hydrolyzed if the n-terminal residue was alanine. the enzyme also showed activity toward peptides containing aspartic acid or asparagine. hydrolysis of ...19685636816
d-leucine as an auto-inhibitor of lactic streptococci. 19685682479
growth stimulation of lactobacillus species by lactic streptococci.cell extracts of streptococcus species important in cheese starters stimulated the growth of lactobacillus species common to cheddar cheese. all lactobacillus strains employed, with the exception of a strain of l. casei, were significantly stimulated by a strain of s. diacetilactis. l. casei was highly stimulated by both a strain of s. lactis and a strain of s. diacetilactis. the stimulant(s) was dialyzable and was partially inactivated by heat. the stimulatory principle was active at 10 c, indi ...19695775912
biological response of lactic streptococci and lactobacilli to catalase.addition of catalase to milk cultures of lactic streptococci resulted in increased rates of acid production, although it had no effect on cultures of lactobacilli. milk cultures of both streptococci and lactobacilli produced detectable amounts of peroxide, which reached a maximum level in the early period of acid production followed by a drastic decrease as the acid production increased. pyruvate and reduced glutathione decreased the amount of peroxide formed, but had little effect on acid produ ...196916349846
survival and activity of frozen starter cultures for cheese manufacture.a study has been conducted on the effect of freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen on 13 strains of lactic streptococci. cultures were frozen in droplet form and collected in mesh bags. after rapid thawing, the activity of the frozen cultures was compared with a culture of the same organism of the age usually used in cheese-making. the activities of the test and control cultures were traced simultaneously by continuous recording of the ph changes in inoculated milks. viable counts were performe ...19704917192
effect of chloramphenicol on host-bacteriophage relationships in the lactic streptococci.chloramphenicol (cm)-resistant mutants of streptococcus lactis strain ml3 were obtained either as a consequence of continuous transfer of the bacteria in broth containing increasing amounts of cm or by selecting for high-level resistant derivatives after mutagenic treatment of the bacteria. some cm-resistant cells obtained by the first method were also resistant to the homologous bacteriophage. cells trained to grow in the presence of cm developed resistance to some heterologous attacking phages ...19705422302
mechanisms of lactose utilization by lactic acid streptococci: enzymatic and genetic analyses.the apparent instability of beta-galactosidase in toluene-treated cells or cell-free extracts of lactic streptococci is explained by the fact that these organisms do not contain the expected enzyme. instead, various strains of streptococcus lactis, s. cremoris, and s. diacetilactis were shown to hydrolyze o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactoside-6-phosphate (onpg-6-p), indicating the presence of a different enzyme. in addition, lactose metabolism in s. lactis c(2)f was found to involve enzyme i (ei), en ...19705429725
effect of storage at 3 c on the proteinase enzyme systems of slow and fast strains of lactic streptococci. 19705469731
characterization of growth stimulants in corn steep for lactic streptococci. 19715544292
quantitative ultramicroanalysis of amino acids in the form of their dns-derivatives. iv. some applications of the method. quantitative evaluation of dns-peptide maps. 19715002191
[nature of some bitter products of developing during preparation of cheeses]. 19715002243
the antimicrobial activity of citral. 19715002370
a study of specificity of cores fro group d streptococci. 19715002808
observations on the conversion of an inactive precursor protein to the antibiotic nisin. 19715003248
influence of antibiotics or certain intestinal bacteria on orally administered candida albicans in germ-free and conventional mice.candida albicans, administered by gastric intubation, persisted in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic mice for long periods but was eliminated within a relatively short period of time in pathogen-free mice. oxytetracycline administered by mouth had no reproducible effect on the persistence of c. albicans in the gastrointestinal tract of either germ-free or pathogen-free mice. prolonged administration of streptomycin extended the time that c. albicans could be recovered from feces of patho ...19715005314
characterization of growth stimulants in corn steep for lactic streptococci.the production of acid in milk cultures of lactic streptococci was stimulated by the addition of corn steep liquor. separation by ion-exchange and paper chromatography indicated the presence of four major stimulatory components in the corn steep. some variation was noted in the response of the lactic streptococci to the individual stimulatory components. the four components were further purified by paper and column chromatography. one of the four stimulatory components stained positively on chro ...19715107908
optimum growth parameters of lactic streptococci used for the production of concentrated cheese starter cultures. 19714939272
purification and properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent d- and l- lactate dehydrogenases in a group n streptococcus.streptococcus lactis strain 760, a group n streptococcus, was found to possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent dehydrogenase activities for both the l(+) and the d(-) isomers of lactic acid. the two enzymes were isolated and purified and were found to differ with respect to ph optima, activation by fructose-1,6-diphosphate, ph and heat stability, and the temperature at which each enzyme was formed in the organism during growth. the presence of a racemase for lactic acid was not detec ...19724340863
[kinetics of streptococcus lactis metabolism on initial and optimized media]. 19724633035
effect of aflatoxins on microorganisms. 19724197365
role of metabolic energy in the transport of -galactosides by streptococcus lactis.streptococcus lactis (atcc 7962) accumulated thiomethyl-beta-galactoside (tmg) and other galactosides against concentration gradients when the cells were supplied with a metabolizable substrate, such as glucose. the accumulated tmg was free and not phosphorylated. in the absence of glucose, tmg rapidly entered the cell to a concentration equal to that of the medium. agents that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation abolished active transport but not the carrier-facilitated entry of tmg. evidence th ...19724621686
stimulation of lactic streptococci in milk by -galactosidase.acid production in milk by lactic streptococci was stimulated by added beta-galactosidase. both glucose and galactose accumulated rapidly in the presence of this enzyme. glucose accumulation ceased as the culture entered the most rapid period of acid production, whereas galactose accumulation continued. in cultures without added beta-galactosidase, a low concentration of galactose accumulated in the milk, whereas glucose was not detected after 2 hr of incubation. cultures grew and produced acid ...19724621795
[a new therapy against the endogenous factor of periodontosis]. 19724623170
susceptibility of cheese and yoghurt starter bacteria to antibiotics.eight single-strain lactic streptococci, three commercial cheese starters, and six lactic acid bacteria isolated from yoghurt were examined for their susceptibility to penicillin, cloxacillin, tetracycline-hydrochloride and streptomycin. the ranges of the antibiotics causing 50% inhibition of the bacteria were (mug/ml): penicillin, 0.009 to 0.20; cloxacillin, 0.24 to 2.50; tetracycline, 0.09 to 0.60; and streptomycin, 0.35 to 13.0. the average concentrations required to cause 50 and 100% inhibit ...19724624215
preparation of spheroplasts from streptococcus lactis. 19724624548
the effect of thioglycolic acid or propanol pretreatment on lysing of streptococcus lactis with lysozyme and salt. 19724624552
loss of lactose metabolism in lactic streptococci.lactose-negative mutants occurred spontaneously in broth cultures of streptococcus lactis c(2)f. instability of lactose metabolism was noted in other strains of s. lactis, in strains of s. cremoris, and in s. diacetilactis. colonies of s. lactis c(2)f grown with lactose as the carbohydrate source also possessed lac(-) cells. treatment of lactic streptococci with the mutagen acriflavine (af) increased the number of non-lactose-fermenting variants. the effect of af on growth and on loss of lactose ...19724625340
growth studies on the lactic streptococci. i. a laboratory apparatus suitable for fermentation studies using skim-milk medium. 19724625576
growth studies on the lactic streptococci. ii. the effect of agitation on the growth characteristics of streptococcus lactis ml 8 in batch culture. 19724625577
growth studies on the lactic streptococci. 3. observations on continuous growth behaviour in reconstituted skim-milk. 19724625578
growth studies on the lactic streptococci. iv. some observations on redox potential. 19724625579
antimicrobial properties of natural phenols and related compounds: obtusastyrene and dihydro-obtusastyrene.factors influencing the antimicrobial properties of obtusastyrene and dihydro-obtusastyrene were studied. both of these compounds were soluble in acetone, alcohol, and olive oil. in water, they were soluble at concentrations of 34 and 53 mug/ml, respectively. the minimal inhibitory concentrations against gram-positive bacteria and yeast were below 100 mug/ml. the compounds were not effective against gram-negative bacteria at 200 mug/ml or lower concentrations. with initial populations of cells g ...19724625626
effect of secondary metabolites on the organisms producing them: effect of nisin on streptococcus lactis and enterotoxin b on staphylococcus aureus.the effect of secondary metabolites added to cultures of the organisms producing them was investigated. nisin was added to growing cultures of a nisin-producing strain of streptococcus lactis (354/07) and enterotoxin b to strains of staphylococcus aureus (s6 and 243) producing enterotoxin b. one quarter (12 mug/ml) of the amount of nisin formed by the culture of s. lactis inhibited lag-phase cells and lysed log-phase cells. the same amount of nisin added before inoculation or at a time when nisi ...19724625627
[laboratory diagnosis of mastitis]. 19724628197
[use of the graphic differentiation method for determining total and specific growth rates of lactic acid streptococci]. 19724628765
galactoside accumulation associated with ion movements in streptococcus lactis. 19724629419
heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism of lactose-impaired mutants of streptococcus lactis.two mutants of streptococcus lactis atcc 11454 have been isolated which possess an impaired lactose-fermenting capacity; galactose utilization is also affected, but to a lesser extent. although the embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway is the major, if not the sole, pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in the three strains, the fermentation end products of the mutants are dramatically different from the typical homolactic pattern of the wild type. under conditions of low oxygen tension and growth-limitin ...19724629656
[aminogram of streptococcus lactis--producer of nisin]. 19724630046
[structure of phosphatidyldiglucosyldiglycerides from streptococci]. 19724630974
[dynamics of the reducing activity of lactic acid streptococci during their development in milk]. 19724632213
agar medium for differential enumeration of lactic streptococci.an agar medium containing arginine and calcium citrate as specific substrates, diffusible (k(2)hpo(4)) and undiffusible (caco(3)) buffer systems, and bromocresol purple as the ph indicator was developed to differentiate among lactic streptococci in pure and mixed cultures. milk was added as the sole source of carbohydrate (lactose) and to provide growth-stimulating factors. production of acid from lactose caused developing bacterial colonies to seem yellow. subsequent arginine utilization by str ...197216349952
associative growth studies in three-strain mixtures of lactic streptococci.a recently developed differential agar medium was used to study associative growth patterns in 17 different heterologous, three-strain mixtures of streptococcus lactis, s. cremoris, and s. diacetilactis grown in milk. mixtures were made by combining equal volumes of 18-hr milk cultures of the three species. relative populations of component species were followed through three successive transfers in milk after the initial mixed propagation. direct evidence for strain dominance and compatibility ...197216349953
casein as a necessary factor in the production of stimulatory material for associative growth of lactic streptococci.strains of streptococcus cremoris kh and hc produced material that was stimulatory for s. cremoris r(6) in milk and in the dialyzable fraction of milk, but not in the dialysate fraction of milk, lactic acid whey, or lactose broth. the addition of casein to these latter media permitted the production of this stimulatory material to occur. tryptone, peptone, and yeast extract could not be substituted for casein in producing the stimulatory material or in initiating associative growth in the lactic ...197316349955
effect of variations in conditions of incubation upon inhibition of staphylococcus aureus by pediococcus cerevisiae and streptococcus lactis.the effects of ph, temperature, proportion of staphylococcus aureus in the inoculum, various strains of effector organism, and various strains of s. aureus were examined for their influence on interactions between staphylococci and effector organisms in associative culture. in general, small changes in ph had little effect upon either growth of s. aureus or production of enterotoxin in associative culture. inhibition of growth of s. aureus caused by effector organisms was much greater at 25 than ...19734632847
lysogeny in lactic streptococci producing and not producing nisin.eighty-seven strains of lactic streptococci (46 of streptococcus lactis, 24 of s. diacetilactis, and 17 of s. cremoris) were tested for lysogeny; 12 s. lactis strains produced nisin. lysogeny was found in five s. lactis strains (two of them were nisin producers) and in two s. diacetilactis strains. four s. lactis and two s. diacetilactis lysogens liberated phages both spontaneously and after ultraviolet treatment, and one s. lactis strain liberated phages spontaneously only. no lysogens were fou ...19734632856
preliminary observations on the influence of proflavin, ethidium bromide and elevated temperature on the production of the antibiotic nisin by streptococcus lactis strains. 19734206719
stimulation of lactic acid bacteria by a micrococcus isolate: evidence for multiple effects.growth of, and rate of acid production by, six cultures of lactic acid bacteria were increased in the presence of micrococcus isolate f4 or a preparation of its capsular material. concentrations of hydrogen peroxide found in pure cultures of the lactic acid bacteria were not detectable, or were greatly reduced, in mixed culture with micrococcus isolate f4. the capsular material was not as effective as whole cells in preventing accumulation of h(2)o(2). catalase stimulated growth of, and the rate ...19734199337
transduction of lactose metabolism in streptococcus lactis c2.ultraviolet (uv)-induced phage lysates, from lactose-positive (lac(+)) streptococcus lactis c2, transduced lactose fermenting ability to lac(-) recipient cells of this organism. although the phage titer could not be determined due to the absence of an appropriate indicator strain, the number of transductants was proportional to the amount of phage lysate added. treatment of the lysate with deoxyribonuclease had no effect on this conversion, indicating the observed genetic change was not mediated ...19734199514
activation of nisin production by uv-irradiation in a nisin-producing strain of streptococcus lactis. 19734199753
proton-coupled accumulation of galactoside in streptococcus lactis 7962.when cells of the anaerobe streptococcus lactis 7962 are deprived of their normal fermentable energy source, active transport of galactosides is completely abolished although the membrane carriers are still capable of facilitating the equilibration of sugars across the cell membrane. in these nonmetabolizing cells it was possible to test the mitchell hypothesis of obligatory coupling of proton movement with sugar transport. this hypothesis was supported by alkalinization of the medium observed w ...19734200725
freeze-injury in bacteria. 19734200831
the growth of mixed population of lactobacillus casei and nisin producing strain of streptococcus lactis in batch and continuous cultures. 19734201957
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