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[haemophilus parasuis infection in swine]. 19744825345
cultural and biochemical criteria for the identification of haemophilus spp from swine.twenty-two haemophilus cultures of types prevalent in swine and of different geographic origins were subjected to biochemical and cultural examinations. three subgroups were identified: one was unrease-positive, produced porphyrin from delta-aminolevulinic acid, and grew on infusion mediums supplemented only with v factor; the 2nd was unrease-negative, porphyrin-positive, and grew only on serum-enriched mediums with added v factor; and the 3rd was unrease-negative, porphyrin-negative, and grew o ...1977189648
[contribution to the experimental hemophilus infection (haemophilus parahaemolyticus, haemophilus parasuis) in spf piglets. 2. comparative pathology and histology].the pathologico-anatomic and even more the histological pattern of experimental haemophilus parahaemolyticus pleuropneumonia in specific-pathogen-free piglets was found to be characteristic in the peracute, acute, and subacute-chronic stages of the disease. it is an infection which can be morphologically differentiated from other forms of pneumonia in swine primarily by three factors, localisation of the changes, inflammation, and a typical cell response. changes following experimental haemophil ...1977562649
[contribution to the experimental haemophilus infection (haemophilus parahemolyticus, haemophilus parasuis) in specific pathogen-free piglets. 1. microbiology, experimental arrangement, results].experimental infections were applied to specific pathogen free (spf) piglets and store pigs, using five haemophilus (h.) parahaemolyticus and two h.-parasuis strains. different germs counts and modes of application were chosen for each of the animals involved (intratracheal, intranasal, and subcutaneous routes). clinical and pathologico-anatomic changes typical of haemorrhagic-necrotising pleuropneumonia were obtained from all germ counts and methods of application. only one of the test animals ...1977849102
haemophilus parasuis infection in swine.septicemic disease occurred in 49 of 126 pigs several days after being transported 80 km. all affected pigs died. the main changes in acutely affected pigs were skin discoloration, pulmonary edema, arthritis, meningitis, and renal glomerular thrombosis. in peracute cases, gross findings were minimal. haemophilus parasuis was isolated from multiple organ sites in most affected pigs. haemophilus parasuis was isolated from nasal swab specimens from 17 of 20 clinically normal pigs on the farm of ori ...1977914694
haemophilus parahaemolyticus serotypes. serological response.serotypes 1,2,4 and 5 of haemophilus parahaemolyticus were inoculated into, respectively, 4,4,2 and 5 pigs. serum samples were tested for circulating antibodies by the modified complement fixation test (cf test). when individual serotypes were used as antigen, titers were found only to the serotype which had been used for inoculation. using antigen in which the serotypes were pooled, antibodies were demonstrated in sera from all the pigs. the cf titers obtained with the pooled antigen were equiv ...1979523310
[bacteriological diagnosis of haemophilus pleuropneumonia in swine].haemophilus pleuropneumonia (matthews and pattison, 1961; shope, 1964) should now be accepted as the valid name of the pathogen of hemophilus pleuropneumoniae of swine, according to studies and the description by kilian and co-workers (1978), while the name of haemophilus parahaemolyticus should be considered a synonym. on top of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus parasuis and haemophilus spec. "minor group" are also important to pneumonia, serositis, and arthritis (glässer's disease) in ...19817197147
[pleuropneumonia in swine due to haemophilus pleuropneumonia s. parahaemolyticus. ii. studies on the epidemiology and the relation to chronic pleuritis (pleural scars) in baconers (author's transl)].within a danish practice area a serological examination was made of 268 breeding animals in 25 conventional sow herds with a view to screening for herd infection with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. average size of the herds was 76 year-sows including pregnant gilts (8--200). in 23 herds produced weaners were fed for slaughtering. the frequency of chronic pleuritis in slaughtered baconers in these herds was related to the frequency of seropositive sows in the herds. three spf-herds were included i ...19817322864
glässer's disease in piglets produced by intraperitoneal inoculation with haemophilus parasuis.haemophilus parasuis was inoculated into the abdominal cavities of piglets. its infective doses varied from 1.4 x 10(6) to 1.0 x 10(9) organisms. when inoculated with 1.0 x 10(9) or 1.6 x 10(8) organisms, piglets were affected with fibrinous polyserositis associated with arthritis and purulent meningitis. the three disorders were considered to be characteristic of glässer's disease. septicemia was also found in many of the infected piglets, some of which died within a few days after inoculation. ...19817335122
prevention of glässer's disease through immunity to haemophilus parasuis. 19817336832
effect of temperature on the survival of haemophilus parasuis in physiological saline.the survival of haemophilus parasuis in physiological saline and in sodium phosphate buffered saline (pbs) at various temperatures was investigated and compared with that of h. pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, and escherichia coli. when placed in physiological saline, h. parasuis became undetectable at 42 degrees c within one hour, at 37 degrees c within 2 hours, and at 25 degrees c within 8 hours, but decreased slightly in amount at 5 degrees c for 8 hours. it showed the same tendency w ...19826752729
experimental infections of mice and guinea pigs with haemophilus parasuis.the pathogenicity of haemophilus parasuis for mice and guinea pigs was examined. mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(7) to 2 x 10(9) organisms suspended in saline or in broth containing fresh yeast extract. most of them survived after inoculation. death occurred only in mice inoculated with 2 x 10(9) organisms suspended in broth. the recovery rate of h. parasuis from all the dead mice varied from 28.9% of the brains to 71.4% of the lungs. there were no lesions observed in any mous ...19827078659
tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin effects on experimental piglet pneumonia induced with pneumonic pig lung homogenate containing mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses.the effects of tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin were examined in pneumonias induced experimentally in neonatal piglets with a homogenate of pneumonic pig lung, obtained from pigs with naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. the homogenate contained mycoplasmas, including mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m suipneumoniae) and m hyorhinis, and certain bacteria and viruses. the experimental pneumonias generally resembled mycoplasmal pneumonia histologically but were complicated by aspiration pneumonia in som ...19827134653
long-acting oxytetracycline for control of induced pasteurella multocida rhinitis in swine.a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was evaluated for control of rhinitis induced experimentally in pigs with a capsular type a, toxin-negative, low-passage strain of pasteurella multocida. the pigs were 6 to 7 weeks old and were naturally infected with haemophilus parasuis. the h parasuis infection was thought to predispose to establishment of p multocida in the nasal cavity. a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was given im at the rate of 20 mg/kg, 4 times at 5-day intervals. medica ...19836618971
haemophilus parasuis septicaemia in pigs. 19836626067
dilution technique for isolation of haemophilus from swine lungs collected at slaughter.a total of 307 lungs obtained from a slaughterhouse were cultured by a dilution technique for the isolation of haemophilus spp. the technique consisted of performing serial (10-fold) dilutions of the tissue samples to a dilution of 10(-5). two selective media were used. l broth consisted of a basal brain heart infusion broth containing 5% horse serum, 5% yeast extract, and 100 micrograms of nad and 0.5 microgram of lincomycin per ml. l-b broth was identical to l broth, except 1.5 microgram of ba ...19836350343
the cytochrome complement of haemophilus parasuis.spectral analyses with subcellular fractions derived from haemophilus parasuis demonstrated that this organism could synthesize membrane-bound and soluble co- and no-binding c-type cytochromes in addition to the membrane-bound cytochromes d, a1, b, and c; cytochromes d, a1, and o were identified as potential oxidases. the membrane-bound and soluble co- and no-binding cytochromes c were not spectrally variant cytochromes c, and the redox properties of the soluble cytochrome (reducible by nadh but ...19846488101
comparative virulence of porcine haemophilus bacteria.the virulence of strains of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, 2, 3, 7 and strains of the "minor-group" and haemophilus parasuis were compared by inoculating specific pathogen-free pigs into the lower airways with specified doses of bacteria. haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, strain w, serotype 1, given in 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units, produced a lethal acute pleuropneumonia in four pigs. nonlethal localized pulmonary necrosis was induced in four groups of two pigs given 1 x 10(7), 1 x 10(6) ...19853986682
[serological typing of haemophilus parasuis]. 19854096629
defining the metabolic and growth responses of porcine haemophili to exogenous pyridine nucleotides and precursors.a variety of biologically important pyridine nucleotides and precursors were examined for their capacities to satisfy the v-factor requirement of 30 strains of porcine haemophili. of the compounds tested, only nad, nmn and nicotinamide riboside (nr) supported the growth of all strains; nadp supported the growth of only the type strain of haemophilus parasuis. further studies with the h. parasuis type strain and the neotype strain of h. pleuropneumoniae demonstrated that, during growth, these org ...19862942635
pyridine nucleotide metabolism by extracts derived from haemophilus parasuis and h. pleuropneumoniae.a variety of biologically important pyridine nucleotides and precursors were examined for their capacities to serve as substrates for the synthesis of nad by cell fractions derived from haemophilus parasuis and h. pleuropneumoniae. of the compounds tested, only nmn and nicotinamide riboside were converted to nad. these reactions required atp as co-substrate, and fractions from both organisms could also catalyze the atp-dependent synthesis of nadp from nad. in the absence of atp, and depending on ...19862946387
some antigenic properties of haemophilus parasuis and a proposal for serological classification.we propose a serological classification of haemophilus parasuis into at least five serovars, using an agar-gel-precipitation test with extracts from autoclaved cells. thirty-two strains were examined, and it was possible to classify 26 of them. the specific antigens were thermostable and soluble and were not affected by pronase treatment but could be extracted by phenol, suggesting a polysaccharide. this polysaccharide seemed to be identical with the capsular substance of serovars 1, 2, and 3. i ...19863086374
morphological variations of haemophilus parasuis strains.haemophilus parasuis strains isolated from the noses of apparently healthy animals and from animals with pathological conditions were examined for the presence of a capsule, for their ability to agglutinate in acriflavine or after boiling, and for their peptide profile after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the capsule was identified by precipitation against hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (cetavlon), by demonstration of iridescence, and by means of a capsule-staining method. we fo ...19863700597
tryptone-yeast extract broth as a culture medium for haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and haemophilus parasuis to be used as challenge inocula.haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and haemophilus parasuis were grown in a liquid medium containing tryptone and yeast extract. whereas culture turbidity during exponential growth of either organism was proportional to the number of viable cells, continued incubation of stationary phase cultures was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in viability with no corresponding decrease in culture turbidity. it is concluded that the medium described should prove useful for the growth of porcine haemophili for ...19863755642
analysis of haemophilus parasuis isolates from southern ontario swine by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting.to study the occurrence and distribution of various strains of haemophilus parasuis in southern ontario swine, organisms isolated from healthy swine, from specific pathogen-free and conventional herds, and from disease cases were examined using restriction endonuclease fingerprinting analysis. in most herds, several strains of h. parasuis could be detected although one or two strains usually predominated. individual animals were colonized by a single or limited number of strains. in several case ...19882844376
characterisation and antimicrobial sensitivity of haemophili isolated from pigs.a total of 70 haemophili from australia pigs was compared with a range of reference strains of porcine haemophili. forty-eight of the isolates were identified as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovar 1 and the remaining 22 isolates as haemophilus parasuis. forty one of the a. pleuropneumoniae isolates were used in a study to determine to the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 12 antimicrobial agents, or combinations of agents. penicillin, neomycin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulphamethox ...19892930386
preliminary assessment of a haemophilus parasuis bacterin for use in specific pathogen free swine.a whole cell formalin killed trivalent haemophilus parasuis bacterin was tested for efficacy in four week old, weaned specific pathogen free pigs challenged under laboratory conditions. the vaccine contained three field strains of h. parasuis selected from confirmed cases of glasser's disease. two different formulations were evaluated in separate trials. in trial 1, ten pigs received 5 ml of bacterin subcutaneously in the neck, followed by a second 5 ml dose two weeks later. another ten pigs ser ...19892531627
glasser's disease and prevalence of subclinical infection with haemophilus parasuis in swine in southern ontario.glasser's disease accounted for less than 1% of total swine mortalities in an 11 year retrospective postmortem survey of swine submissions at three provincial government diagnostic laboratories in southern ontario. however, glasser's disease was suspected in 17 of 83 boar mortalities at the record of production boar test station between 1983 and 1985 and was much more common in specific-pathogen-free (spf) boars than in conventional boars. the prevalence of the causative organism, haemophilus pa ...198917423292
characterization of haemophilus parasuis isolated in japan. 19902143547
new diagnostic techniques: a review of the hap group of bacteria.pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, haemophilus somnus, haemophilus parasuis and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause considerable economic loss in the cattle and swine industries. the literature relating to diagnostic procedures for these infections is reviewed. both conventional and newer techniques are appraised in relation to the identification and classification of isolates, and to serological testing.19902193708
v factor-dependent members of the family pasteurellaceae in the porcine upper respiratory tract.a study was performed to obtain a better understanding of the diversity and ecology of members of the family pasteurellaceae in the porcine respiratory tract. a collection of 132 v factor-dependent strains of pasteurellaceae selected from porcine field isolates mainly from the respiratory tract were subjected to detailed characterization. in addition to the three hitherto recognized species actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus parasuis, and haemophilus taxon "minor group," three distinct ...19902280002
in vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, actinobacillus suis, actinomyces pyogenes, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, rhodococcus equi, streptococcus equi, streptococcus suis and streptococcus zooepidemicus. ciprofloxacin and enrof ...19902306672
vaccination of gnotobiotic primary specific pathogen-free pigs against haemophilus parasuis.three trials were conducted to establish if young primary specific pathogen free (spf) pigs could be protected from glasser's disease by vaccination. three age groups of cesarean-derived isolator-reared gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated twice at 4 and 6, 3 and 5, and 2 and 4 wk of age respectively with a formalin killed aluminum hydroxide adsorbed bacterin prepared from three strains of haemophilus parasuis isolated from ontario pigs affected with glasser's disease. when challenged two weeks late ...19911832078
typing of heat-stable soluble haemophilus parasuis antigen by means of agargel precipitation and the dot-blot procedure.according to morozumi's and nicolet's (1986) investigations, a serological classification procedure for h. parasuis and to a certain extent, for h. parasuis-like strains was proposed on the basis of heat-stable cell antigens in the immunodiffusion test. it was possible to classify 72.8% of the investigated strains serologically using this procedure. 7 of 12 serotypes were described for the first time. 60.1% of the classified strains belonged to the already known serotypes sv 1 to sv 5, whereas t ...19911832258
cross protection among haemophilus parasuis strains in immunized gnotobiotic pigs.in an attempt to establish if cross protection can be induced by different strains of haemophilus parasuis, three groups of 12 gnotobiotic pigs were immunized each with an aluminum hydroxide adsorbed whole cell bacterin of one of three h. parasuis strains. two weeks later, four pigs within each vaccinated group were challenged with aerosols of live cultures of each of the three test strains and observed for response. two virulent strains v1 and v2 protected all the vaccinated pigs, while all non ...19911884282
[relationship between serotype, virulence and sds-page protein patterns of haemophilus parasuis].141 haemophilus (h.) parasuis and 8 h. parasuis-like strains from different farms were serotyped according to morozumi and nicolet (1986 b) as well as to bakos et al. (1952). it was possible to classify 72.8% of the investigated strains. 7 out of 12 serotypes have been described for the first time. the high specificity in the agar gel precipitation test was not reproducible in the more sensitive dot-blot procedure. the dot-blot results point to a participation of non-immunogenic polysaccharides ...19911954855
the cytotoxin of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (pleurotoxin) is distinct from the haemolysin and is associated with a 120 kda polypeptide.mutants of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain hk 361 (serotype 2) were isolated which were deficient in type ii (ca2(+)-dependent) haemolysin activity (hly-). some of the hly- mutants secreted a potent, heat-labile extracellular cytotoxic activity against porcine alveolar macrophages. comparison of cell-free culture supernatant from the parent strain and some hly- mutants by sds-page and immunoblotting revealed the loss of a major extracellular polypeptide of 109 kda. two hly- mutants which ...19912033378
fimbriae and membranes on haemophilus parasuis.in the electron microscope an additional layer (glycocalix) of the cell wall and fimbriae on haemophilus parasuis were shown in thin sections of the infected cam which have their origin on the cm of the haemophilus parasuis-cells. no fimbriation was seen after conventional cultivation.19921349784
effect of oxygen supply during growth on the production of cytochromes, enzymes, and acid end products by haemophilus parasuis.haemophilus parasuis, grown under conditions of high aeration, was found to lack a tricarboxylic acid cycle but to possess phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a reductive pathway leading to the production of succinate. such organisms contained approximately equal quantities of b-, c-, and d-type cytochromes and excreted acetate. when the oxygen supply for growth was either reduced or eliminated, the specific activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, fumarate ...19921464068
[occurrence and drug resistance of bacteria pathogenic to the lungs from autopsy material of swine].eight hundred and fifty-four piglets which died or were euthanized due to pneumonia or rhinitis atrophicans, were investigated during the period of 1986-1990. of the animals, 569 showed bronchopneumonia, 218 had pleuritis, pericarditis and peritonitis, 165 had rhinitis atrophicans, 58 pleuropneumonia, and 9 animals had fibrinous pneumonia. pasteurella multocida, haemophilus parasuis, bordetella bronchiseptica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella haemolytica were isolated in 59.1%, 29 ...19921481214
prevalence of haemophilus parasuis serovars among isolates from swine.two hundred sixty haemophilus spp isolates that had been obtained from the respiratory tract and other sites of swine were acquired from diagnostic laboratories, primarily in the united states and canada. the majority of isolates (243/260) were biochemically characterized as h parasuis; however, a few isolates of taxa distinct from h parasuis (taxa "minor group," d, e, and f) were identified. fourteen h parasuis serovars were identified, and of those previously described, the most prevalent were ...19921524289
designation of 15 serovars of haemophilus parasuis on the basis of immunodiffusion using heat-stable antigen extracts.previous independent investigations of the serotyping of haemophilus parasuis strains have led to the designation of serovars a to d, 1 to 7, jena 6 to jena 12, and nd1 to nd5. heat-stable antigen preparations from the reference strains for these serovars were tested by immunodiffusion with rabbit hyperimmune antisera. the existence of 15 distinct serologic groups was apparent, for which we propose the designations serovars 1 to 15. examination of 290 field isolates from swine in the former germ ...19921572971
comparative virulence of haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs.reference strains for haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. however, apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal inoculation. cells of the references strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. haemophilus parasuis could be isolated ...19921626790
pathogenicity and immunity studies of haemophilus parasuis serotypes.after intranasal inoculation of spf pigs with the 7 reference strains of haemophilus parasuis only the reference strains of serotypes 1 and 5 proved to be pathogenic and were able to produce the lesions characteristic of glässer's disease. even though the reference strains of serotypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 proved to be apathogenic, intranasal inoculation resulted in the development of circulating antibodies as demonstrated by the complement fixation test. this serological response suggests an antige ...19938266897
optimalization of the detection of nad dependent pasteurellaceae from the respiratory tract of slaughterhouse pigs.nad dependent members of the family pasteurellaceae were cultured from the nasal cavity, surface and cut surface of the tonsils, and from the apical and caudal lobes of the lungs of 303 slaughterhouse pigs from 5 different herds in order to obtain information on the ecology of these bacteria. the specimens were plated on two different selective agar media using a special dilution technique that resulted in a good separation of individual colonies. bacteriological results were compared with serol ...19938273273
[the effectiveness of tilmicosin in respiratory diseases of swine].within the scope of the clinical evaluation of tilmicosin in enzootic pneumonia of pigs, nasal swabs from 78 animals were taken, before and after oral medication of different doses (0, 100, 200, 300 mg tilmicosin/kg dry food), and examined bacteriologically for pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica und haemophilus parasuis. the bacteria aforementioned were isolated from the nasal secretions of 83% of the pigs, 14 days after crowding without any prophylactic regime. it could be demonst ...19938431202
an investigation of enzootic glasser's disease in a specific-pathogen-free grower-finisher facility using restriction endonuclease analysis.enzootic glassers's disease was investigated to study the epidemiology of the disease strains on a farm where it presented a problem. restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) analysis technique was used, as all strains of haemophilus parasuis are biochemically similar and many strains are biochemically untypable. after young weaned pigs were moved from farm a to farm b, glasser's disease routinely occurred despite the use of antibiotics and a commercial bacterin. isolates were taken from th ...199317424269
[the lipopolysaccharide structure of haemophilus parasuis strains in sds-page].the lps patterns of 231 h.p. strains were studied by using sds-page. the strains were isolated from the nasal mucous membrane of clinical healthy animals, from animals with gk and from animals with pneumonia without any symptoms of gk. the lps patterns of h.p. strains consists of 2 to 4 bands of high electrophoretical mobility. in all it was possible to distinguish seven different lps electrophoretic profiles. the distribution of the h.p. isolates from clinically healthy animals and animals with ...19947993342
pathologic observations of pigs intranasally inoculated with serovar 1, 4 and 5 of haemophilus parasuis using immunoperoxidase method.nineteen, 7- to 13-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasally with different strains of haemophilus parasuis (serovar 1, 4 and 5), and the pathological lesions induced by each strain were compared. eleven of thirteen pigs inoculated with either strain nagasaki (serovar 5) or no. 4 (serovar 1) died between days 1 to 6 after inoculation, and had septicemic lesions, meningitis, or polyserositis. one of six pigs inoculated with strain sw124 (serovar 4) died with polyserositis, another one recovered ...19947999883
pneumonia in pigs infected with pseudorabies virus and haemophilus parasuis serovar 4.six hpcd (hysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived) pigs were inoculated endobronchially with pseudorabies virus (prv) in the right caudal lobe by means of a bronchoscope. two pigs, killed on days 5 and 7, had severe purulent pneumonia in the right caudal lobe, associated with an accidental haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 infection. the three surviving animals were treated with antibiotics. the pigs infected with prv had necrotizing bronchiolitis and alveolitis. prv antigen was closely associate ...19948056868
experimental reproduction of haemophilus parasuis infection in swine: clinical, bacteriological, and morphologic findings.haemophilus parasuis is a common cause of polyserositis and polyarthritis in swine. little is known about the mucosal and systemic sites of replication and lesions which follow an aerosol exposure to h. parasuis. in this experiment 5-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (cdcd) pigs were inoculated intranasally with an inoculum containing 2 x 10(9) colony-forming units of h. parasuis. two principals and one control pig were necropsied at 12, 36, 84, and 108 hours postinoculation (pi) and ...19958580168
isolation of the major outer-membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and haemophilus parasuis.a polyclonal antibody against the 35 kda major outer-membrane protein of pasteurella multocida cross-reacted with the 40 kda major outer-membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the 42 kda major outer-membrane protein of haemophilus parasuis. the n-terminal amino-acid sequences of these proteins revealed a strong homology with the putative 35 kda porin protein of pasteurella multocida (66.7 and 76.2%, respectively). significant homologies were also evident between the 40 kda and t ...19957483902
simplified procedure for preparation of sensitized latex particles to detect capsular polysaccharides: application to typing and diagnosis of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.a novel, inexpensive method for obtaining immunoglobulin g (igg) specific for capsular antigen is described for use in latex agglutination tests. hyperimmune rabbit serum against encapsulated actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was thoroughly adsorbed with a nonencapsulated mutant. the capsule titer of the absorbed serum was unaffected, whereas reactivity to nonencapsulated cells was reduced to background levels, as determined by enzyme immunoassay. the igg component of the adsorbed serum was recove ...19957494018
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: neb-1 prrsv infection did not potentiate bacterial pathogens.a 2-phase study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the neb-1 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to potentiate common bacterial pathogens of swine. in phase i, 25 of 50 4-5-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were exposed to neb-1 prrsv (day 0). seven days after virus inoculation, 8 groups received 1 of 4 bacterial pathogens: haemophilus parasuis, streptococcus suis, salmonella cholerasuis, and pasteurella multocida. the ability of neb-1 prrsv to pr ...19957578444
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: clinical disease, pathology and immunosuppression.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) was first known as blue-eared pig disease in the united kingdom and the causative agent as 'lelystad virus'. the disease is characterised by very variable clinical signs, including reproductive failure and respiratory disease. the respiratory syndrome is often associated with severe infection with secondary bacterial agents including pasteurella multocida, haemophilus parasuis and streptococcus suis. however, some seropositive herds show no cl ...19957709569
contact-dependent acquisition of transferrin-bound iron by two strains of haemophilus parasuis.two strains of haemophilus parasuis, namely, the type strain (atcc 19417) and strain e751, were investigated with respect to iron acquisition. both strains produced iron-repressible outer membrane proteins and could acquire iron from porcine transferrin but not from porcine lactoferrin. neither strain used bovine transferrin, and human transferrin was used to only a very limited extent, if at all. in all cases, iron acquisition from transferrin required direct contact between the organisms and t ...19957728656
characterisation of porcine haemophili isolated from australian pigs between 1988 and 1992.a total of 362 haemophili, isolated pigs throughout australia, were characterised by phenotypic properties. most were identified as actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae (296 isolates) or haemophilus parasuis (52 isolates). the remaining isolates were identified as haemophilus taxon 'minor group' (12 isolates) and haemophilus taxon d (two isolates). all 296 a pleuropneumoniae isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination and/or gel diffusion, using rabbit antisera against all 12 recognised serovars. ...19958787520
purification and partial characterization of a novel antibacterial agent (bac1829) produced by staphylococcus aureus ksi1829.a novel antimicrobial agent from staphylococcus aureus ksi1829, designated bac1829, was purified by sequential steps of ammonium sulfate precipitation, sephadex g-50 gel filtration chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. purified bac1829 has a molecular mass of 6,418 +/- 2 da. the peptide in heat stable, since full biological activity is retained after heating at 95 degrees c for 15 min, and it is destroyed by digestion with proteases. amino acid sequence analysis revealed a ...19968795206
pathogenicity of haemophilus parasuis serovars 4 and 5 in contact-exposed pigs.the pathogenicities of haemophilus parasuis strains sw124 (serovar 4) and nagasaki (serovar 5) were examined by contact-exposure of specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs. ten pigs were divided into three groups. two of four pigs in the first group were inoculated intranasally (in) with 2 x 10(8) cfu of strain sw124, and the other two pigs were mingled with these in-exposed ones. all the four pigs were subclinically infected in this group. the four pigs of the second group were likewise exposed to st ...19968811627
evaluation of a pcr for detection of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in mixed bacterial cultures from tonsils.a pcr for the detection of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was evaluated. all of 102 field, isolates of a, pleuropneumoniae reacted in the pcr by amplification of a 985 bp product. no pcr amplification product was observed when examining strains of a. ureae, a. capsulatus, a. hominis, a. equuli, a, rossii, a. suis, escherichia coli, bordetella bronchiseptica. streptococcus suis, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, haemophilus parasuis, haemophilus taxon minor group, haemophilus taxon ...19968828126
serological characterisation of haemophilus parasuis isolates from australian pigs.a total of 31 isolates of haemophilus parasuis obtained from australian pigs were serotyped by the kielstein-rapp-gabrielson scheme. the isolates were assigned to serovar 1 (1 isolate), serovar 2 (1 isolate), serovar 4 (4 isolates), serovar 5 (7 isolates), serovar 9 (2 isolates), serovar 10/7 (4 isolates), serovar 12 (1 isolate) and serovar 13 (6 isolates). the remaining 5 isolates could not be assigned to a serovar. two different serovars (5 and 13) were detected in one herd. the only 2 isolate ...19968660221
importance of staphylococcus hyicus ssp hyicus as a cause of arthritis in pigs up to 12 weeks of age.lame pigs, up to 12 weeks of age, were necropsied to establish a diagnosis. of 175 pigs examined, 165 were confirmed to have arthritis by histopathological examination of joint tissues. lesions were most common in the elbow and tarsal joints and least common in the joints of the feet. typically, there was severe fibrinopurulent inflammation of synovial membranes regardless of the bacteria isolated. a bacterial aetiology was found in 114 (69%) of the 165 pigs. in arthritic pigs in which an aetiol ...19968660240
mycoplasma hyorhinis infection levels in lungs of piglets with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs).the infection levels of mycoplasma hyorhinis, m. hyopneumoniae and m. hyosynoviae in the lung of piglets were examined in relation to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs). these animals consisted of 43 prrs piglets with prrs, 2 piglets infected with prrs virus but symptom-free, and 10 control piglets free of prrs virus and its antibody. m. hyorhinis was isolated from 40 of the 43 prrs piglets, from 1 of the 2 latent infected piglets and from 3 of the 10 control piglets. the numbe ...19968672579
detection of strain-specific antigenic epitopes on the lipo-oligosaccharide of haemophilus parasuis by use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.to investigate the antigenic diversity of lipo-oligosaccharides of haemophilus parasuis.19968720240
general overview of prrsv: a perspective from the united states.four years after the report of its discovery, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to challenge swine producers, veterinary practitioners, and animal health researchers in the united states. the prevalence of infection is high--60% to 80% of herds is a reasonable estimate--but the clinical effects of infection vary widely among farms. in many herds, infection is unapparent and productivity seemingly unaffected. some infected herds report occasional respiratory di ...19979220613
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) interaction with haemophilus parasuis.the interaction of bacteria and virus has been well demonstrated in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in swine. the interaction between porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) and haemophilus parasuis has not been studied. we initiated studies to evaluate a possible effect of the prrsv on the pathogenesis of polyserositis caused by h. parasuis. a group of 30 three week old piglets were distributed in 4 groups. group i (10 pigs) was inoculated with prrsv and h. parasuis. ...19979220620
analysis of haemophilus parasuis by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.the diversity among 40 australian isolates and eight reference strains of haemophilus parasuis was examined using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. thirty-four electrophoretic types (ets) were recognized with a mean diversity per locus of 0.405. one australian isolate was located in an et separated by a considerable distance (> 0.8) from the rest of the isolates, suggesting that it may represent a different species or subspecies. the remaining 33 ets formed two distinct divisions (a and b), sep ...19979228688
neuraminidase (sialidase) activity of haemophilus parasuis.neuraminidase (sialidase), a potential virulence factor in bacteria, was demonstrated in haemophilus parasuis, an invasive swine pathogen, but not in four other pathogens of the pasteurellaceae family: h. influenzae, h. somnus, h. paragallinarum, or actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. h. parasuis neuraminidase had an acidic ph optimum and a specificity for several substrates also cleaved by other bacterial neuraminidases. similar to the neuraminidase of pasteurella multocida, h. parasuis neuraminid ...19979231420
effects on endotoxin pathogenicity in pigs with acute septicemia of haemophilus parasuis infection.changes of endotoxin in plasma, and the response of the coagulation system and blood cells in septicemia of haemophilus parasuis infection were examined by inoculation with h. parasuis in specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs. eight pigs were inoculated intratracheally with 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) colony formation units (cfu) of the strain nagasaki (serovar 5). all pigs died 28 to 42 hr after inoculation. haematologically, severe leukopenia occurred 24 hr post inoculation (hpi) until death. glucose c ...19979234219
interaction of haemophilus parasuis with nasal and tracheal mucosa following intranasal inoculation of cesarean derived colostrum deprived (cdcd) swine.twenty-three cesarean derived, colostrum deprived pigs were obtained at 5 wk of age and inoculated intranasally with either 1.4 x 10(8) colony forming units of haemophilus parasuis or sterile phosphate buffered saline. pigs were euthanized at 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, or 36 h post-inoculation and tissues from the oropharynx and respiratory tract were obtained for qualitative bacterial culture, immunohistochemistry for h. parasuis antigens, and light and transmission electron microscopy. haemophilus para ...19979243000
purification and kinetic characterization of haemophilus parasuis malate dehydrogenase.haemophilus parasuis malate dehydrogenase ((s)-malate:nad+ oxidoreductase; ec 1.1.1.37) isolated from cell sonicates was purified 584-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with a 19% recovery and a specific activity of 222 units/mg protein. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular exclusion chromatography indicated the purified enzyme to be a dimer composed of 34,600 molecular weight subunits. kinetic parameters for all four substrates in the forward and reverse reactions indicated a s ...19979244395
immunohistochemical detection of haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally infected swine.an avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry technique was developed to detect haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 in experimentally infected 18-21-day-old conventional pigs, using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. seven of 10 intratracheally inoculated animals developed a low to medium degree of fibrinous polyserositis; meninges and pleura were the most severely affected areas. haemophilus parasuis was recovered from 9 of 10 pigs; in 2 of them h. parasuis was isolated from tracheal swabs only. positiv ...19979249161
[examination of primary spf swine after experimental infection with haemophilus parasuis. clinical symptoms, changes in hematological parameters and in the parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid].the objectives of this work were to cause the glässer's disease (gd) in primary specific pathogen free piglets after experimental infection, to observe the clinical symptoms and to examine the influence of the infection on the haematological parameters. gd was caused by experimental infection of haemophilus parasuis in seven to eight weeks old specific pathogen free piglets. in relation to the infection route the morbidity was high (83-100%) and 20% of the infected piglets died. based on the phy ...19979289881
cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases.cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ...19979311838
association of tumour necrosis factor and acute phase reactant changes with post arrival disease in swine.severe weight loss in the absence of respiratory, enteric or systemic clinical disease or gross pathologic lesions is often observed when immunologically naive boars are placed in conventional health swine facilities. affected animals develop this weight loss in spite of receiving pre-entry vaccinations against common swine pathogens, such as haemophilus parasuis or mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. in many cases, the weight loss is non-responsive to long term antibiotic therapy. in order to determine t ...19979323928
[bronchoalveolar lavage on pig breeding farms].in 182 pigs lung lavage was performed using a endotracheal tube and a catheter. the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was examined microbiologically. with decreasing numbers alpha-hämolytic streptococci, bordetella bronchiseptica, haemophilus parasuis, pasteurella multocida were cultured. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was isolated from 3 balfs. in one farm piglets were lavaged routinely for monitoring of the lung health status.19979410726
characterization of h. parasuis periplasmic nucleotide pyrophosphatase as a potential target enzyme for inhibition of growth.the periplasmic nucleotide pyrophosphatase from haemophilus parasuis was purified 750-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity through salt fractionation and ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. the purified enzyme was monomeric with an apparent m(r) of 70,000 and catalyzed the hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate bond of nad to yield nmn and amp as products. the enzyme exhibited negative cooperativity in the hydrolysis of a number of pyridine dinucleotides and structurally-related pyrophosphate comp ...19979453136
ultrastructural study of porcine alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, with and without haemophilus parasuis.two experiments were designed to study ultrastructural changes in porcine alveolar macrophages (pam) inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus (experiment 1) and with prrs virus and haemophilus parasuis (experiment 2). in both experiments, the viral infectious dose represented a "multiplicity of infection" of 1. viral infection alone induced minimal ultrastructural changes at this dose, consisting only of an increase in lysosome numbers. mixed viral and bacterial ...19989595354
inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in porcine immune cells.porcine immune cells were examined for the ability to produce inducible nitric oxide synthase following in vitro or in vivo stimulation. enzyme activity and product formation were not detected following stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), splenocytes, or alveolar macrophages with a combination of cona and lipopolysaccharide (lps) or recombinant porcine interferon gamma and lps. in vitro engulfment of haemophilus parasuis by macrophages also failed to induce inducibl ...19989613441
[occurrence of bacterial infectious agents in pathologically/anatomically altered lungs of pigs and compilation of resistance spectra].the goal of this work was to investigate the type and etiology of bacterial porcine pneumonia by analyses of autopsy findings made in the tierärztlichen ambulanz schwarzenbek, aussenstelle der freien universität berlin, and in the institut für tiergesundheit, milchhygiene und lebensmittelqualität der landwirtschaftskammer westfalen-lippe in münster in the years from 1991 to 1993. the evaluation of the results of the total 6560 autopsies (n = 6560) of pigs shows: 1. pneumonia as the main diagnosi ...19989639952
[determination of c-reactive protein and neopterin in serum of diseased and bacterially infected swine].the parameters c-reactive protein (crp) and neopterin, which are associated with immunological reactions, were investigated in serum of healthy, diseased and with haemophilus parasuis infected pigs. when comparing diseased young pigs with healthy young pigs significant increases of the crp- and neopterin concentrations can be seen. the increase of the crp-concentration was most remarkable. after the infection of spf-piglets with haemophilus parasuis, significantly decreased neopterin concentrati ...19989789368
effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the clearance of haemophilus parasuis by porcine alveolar macrophages.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in young piglets is frequently associated with secondary infection due to various pathogens, especially those of the respiratory tract. one of the most important mechanisms in respiratory diseases is related to the alteration of function of porcine alveolar macrophages (pams). the objective of this study was to determine how prrs virus infection affects the capabilities of pams in the phagocytosis and destruction of haemophilu ...19989798089
experimental infection of maternally immune pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus.to investigate the influence of maternal antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus infection, the following examination was done using conventional and spf pigs. ten 17-day-old conventional pigs with maternal antibody against prrs virus and 6 44-day-old spf pigs seronegative were inoculated intranasally with 10(5.0) tcid50 of prrs virus. two conventional and 4 spf pigs were served as non-inoculated control. in conventional pigs, coughing and febrile response were obs ...19989879527
protective role of maternal antibodies against haemophilus parasuis infection.to evaluate the impact of maternal antibodies after challenge exposure of baby pigs with a homologous serovar of haemophilus parasuis.19999918152
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and haemophilus parasuis antigen distribution in dually infected pigs.immunohistochemical, viral and bacterial isolation techniques were used to study the distribution and localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and haemophilus (h.) parasuis in experimentally infected pigs. thirty pigs seronegative to prrsv and h. parasuis were divided into four groups. group a pigs (10 animals) were inoculated with both virus and bacteria; group b pigs (10 animals) were inoculated with bacteria, group c pigs (five animals) were inoculated with ...199910063534
development of an oligonucleotide-specific capture plate hybridization assay for detection of haemophilus parasuis.an oligonucleotide-specific capture plate hybridization assay has been developed to rapidly, specifically, and sensitively detect haemophilus parasuis from nasal swabs. several in vitro studies have been performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the test, and in vivo studies have validated this technique in pigs. results suggest that the assay detects <100 colony-forming units/ml in a pure culture and gives a positive result when h. parasuis is present in a ratio of 1:10(3)-10(4) ...199910098685
prevalence of haemophilus parasuis serovars isolated in spain from 1993 to 1997.from 1993 to 1997, 327 strains of haemophilus parasuis were isolated from spanish swine in our diagnostic laboratory and 174 strains (53.2%) were serotyped. four serotypes, sv. 5 (18.4%), sv 4 (16%), sv. 2 (9.2%) and sv. 13 (8%) were the most frequently isolated and 29.3% of the studied strains were classified as non typable. the results obtained indicate that the distribution of the serotypes in spain is very similar to that found by other researchers in germany, australia, canada and alike to ...199910227126
agents of the "suis-ide diseases" of swine: actinobacillus suis, haemophilus parasuis, and streptococcus suis.in recent years, actinobacillus suis, haemophilus parasuis, and streptococcus suis have emerged as important pathogens of swine, particularly in high health status herds. their association with a wide range of serious clinical conditions and has given rise to the moniker "suis-ide diseases." these organisms are early colonizers and, for that reason, are difficult to control by management procedures such as segregated early weaning. vaccination, serodiagnostic testing, and even serotyping are com ...199910369563
biological activities of lipopolysaccharides extracted from porcine vaccine strains.lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were purified from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, bordetella bronchiseptica and haemophilus parasuis serotype 5, which were used for vaccine production in japan, by the phenol-water procedure. in sds-page analysis, a. pleuropneumoniae lps, as well as escherichia coli lps, demonstrated a typical ladder profile of a smooth-type lps. on the other hand, b. bronchiseptica and h. parasuis lpss lacked the ladder profiles. it was found that the biological activity ...199910651044
a 24-kda cloned zinc metalloprotease from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is common to all serotypes and cleaves actin in vitro.actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes pleuropneumonia in swine. this bacterium secretes proteases that degrade porcine hemoglobin and iga in vitro. to further characterize a. pleuropneumoniae proteases, we constructed a genomic library expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha, and selected a clone that showed proteolytic activity. the recombinant plasmid carries an 800-base pair a. pleuropneumoniae gene sequence that.codes for a 24-kda polypeptide. a 350-base pair psti fragment from the sequence ...200010805246
apx toxins in pasteurellaceae species from animals.pasteurellaceae species particularly of porcine origin which are closely related to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were analyzed for the presence of analogues to the major a. pleuropneumoniae rtx toxin genes, apxicabd, apxiica and apxiiicabd and for their expression. actinobacillus suis contains both apxicabd(var.suis) and apxiica(var. suis) operons and was shown to produce apxi and apxii toxin. actinobacillus rossii contained the operons apxiica(var.rossii) and apxiiicabd(var.rossii). however, ...200010831858
establishment, validation and use of the kielstein-rapp-gabrielson serotyping scheme for haemophilus parasuis.to produce antisera to the 15 recognised reference strains of the kielstein-rapp-gabrielson (krg) serotyping scheme for haemophilus parasuis, validate those sera and use them to serotype 46 australian field isolates of h parasuis.200010860155
detection and subtyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains by pcr-rflp analysis of the tbpa and tbpb genes.a pcr-based procedure for detection and serotype identification of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains was developed and evaluated. the a. pleuropneumoniae tbpa and tbpb genes were used as targets for amplification of dna fragments, with a pair of specific primers for each gene. amplification with tbpa primers rendered a 2.8-kb pcr product from all 12 a. pleuropneumoniae reference strains as well as from actinobacillus suis strain ccm 5586, while amplification of a 1.9-kb pcr product was obs ...200011081581
in vitro susceptibility of porcine respiratory pathogens to tilmicosin.bacterial isolates obtained from swine with various clinical diseases were tested for susceptibility to tilmicosin by minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and kirby-bauer disk diffusion tests using national committee on clinical laboratory standards methodology. the tilmicosin mic90 was < or =0.125 microg/ml for erysiopelothrix rhusiopathiae, < or = 1 microg/ml for haemophilus parasuis isolates, 8 microg/ml for actinobacillus suis and pasteurella multocida type a, 16 microg/ml for toxigenic an ...200011108454
application of eric-pcr for the comparison of isolates of haemophilus parasuis.to validate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method. enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr), for the fingerprinting of haemophilus parasuis strains and to use that method to differentiate isolates from apparently related outbreaks of glässer's disease on three pig farms.200011194474
outer membrane proteins and dna profiles in strains of haemophilus parasuis recovered from systemic and respiratory sites.polyserositis caused by haemophilus parasuis is an important disease that affects mostly weaned pigs. recent studies have shown that virulence can differ among strains recovered from distinct body sites and also that it may be related to the presence of certain outer membrane proteins (omps). the objective of this study was to compare the omp and dna profiles of h. parasuis strains isolated from systemic and respiratory sites from diseased and healthy pigs. strains evaluated in this study were p ...200111325986
the transferrin receptor of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: quantitation of expression and structural characterization using a peptide-specific monoclonal antibody.when actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (a. pp) is grown under iron-restricted conditions in vitro, transferrin binding proteins (tbps) are induced. the functional transferrin receptor of a. pp is composed of two outer membrane proteins (tbp1 and tbp2) and shows an exquisite specificity for porcine transferrin. this complex was studied using a monoclonal antibody (mab 1.48) raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a hydrophilic domain of tbp2 common to several a. pp serotypes. the antibo ...200111356318
phenotypic and genetic characterization of nad-dependent pasteurellaceae from the respiratory tract of pigs and their possible pathogenetic importance.nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad)-dependent pasteurellaceae other than actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and haemophilus parasuis are frequently isolated from the respiratory tract of pigs. the taxonomic classification and relevance for pathogenicity of these bacteria deserves further attention. in the present study, 107 of these nad-dependent isolates from the porcine respiratory tract, primarily from lungs with pathological changes, were investigated. on the basis of phenotypic criteria, s ...200111390108
a cross-protection experiment in pigs vaccinated with haemophilus parasuis serovars 2 and 5 bacterins, and evaluation of a bivalent vaccine under laboratory and field conditions.cross-protection between haemophilus parasuis serovars 2 and 5 was examined in pigs using a bacterin based vaccine, and subsequently the safety and efficacy of a bivalent vaccine were evaluated. upon intratracheal challenge of a serovar 2 or 5 strain, pigs immunized with a monovalent vaccine were protected against challenge with a homologous serovar strain, but not with a heterologous serovar strain. immunization with a bivalent vaccine containing both serovars 2 and 5 bacterins conferred protec ...200111411491
experimental colonization of piglets and gilts with systemic strains of haemophilus parasuis and streptococcus suis to prevent disease.haemophilus parasuis and streptococcus suis are both major causes of losses during the nursery period, especially in herds using the segregated early weaning system. in this system, only a few piglets may be colonized with the herd's prevalent systemic strain, which results in infection of naive penmates late in the nursery. in view of these factors, the objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the early colonization of piglets with the farm's prevalent systemic strain of h. parasuis and s ...200111480521
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