Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri. | three cases of neonatal meningitis, two of which were fatal, occurred in a premature baby unit during a period of one week. a fourth case occurred in the same unit six months later. citrobacter koseri was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of all four cases. detailed biochemical and serological examination of the organisms showed that two distinct bioserotypes were involved. | 1973 | 4696833 |
| [urinary infection with levinea malonatica]. | 1973 | 4703343 | |
| neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri. | 1973 | 4727063 | |
| clinical and bacteriologic observations on a recently recognized species of enterobacteriaceae, citrobacter diversus. | 1973 | 4743548 | |
| recognition of citrobacter diversus in the clinical laboratory. | characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of citrobacter diversus are described, and a minimal number of diagnostic tests to identify this organism in a clinical laboratory are suggested. | 1973 | 4568887 |
| the serology of citrobacter koseri, levinea malonatica, and levinea amalonatica. | 1974 | 4599660 | |
| [meningitis in the newborn caused by levinea malonatica]. | 1974 | 4462496 | |
| sensitivity of citrobacter freundii and citrobacter koseri to cephalosporins and penicillins. | an examination of 99 field and reference strains of citrobacter freundii showed 79% of them to be resistant to cephaloridine and sensitive to carbenicillin, while 96% of 45 field and reference strains of citrobacter koseri examined were sensitive to cephaloridine and resistant to carbenicillin. susceptibility tests with these two antibiotics are therefore useful in separating the two species of citrobacter. | 1974 | 4496972 |
| citrobacter koseri. ii. serological and biochemical examination of citrobacter koseri strains from clinical specimens. | 165 strains of citrobacter koseri isolated from clinical specimens were studied and their biochemical reactions determined. they were examined serologically by means of a scheme consisting of 14 o antigens. the sources of the clinical specimens were tabulated and the epidemiological information was summarized. the clinical significance of these findings is discussed. | 1975 | 1056967 |
| citrobacter koseri. i. an extended antigenic scheme for citrobacter koser (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica). | the names citrobacter koseri, levinea malonatica and citrobacter diversus are synonymous. as a result of the study of representative strains of these organisms an antigenic scheme comprising seven o antigens has been proposed. the examination of a further 165 strains from clinical sources suggests that an additional seven antigens should be included in the scheme. the serological and biochemical reactions of the test strains for all 14 o antigens are described. | 1975 | 1097496 |
| experience and reason--briefly recorded. citrobacter diversus meningitis: a case report. | 1975 | 1128993 | |
| [letter: neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by levinea malonatica]. | 1975 | 1129098 | |
| massive empyema due to citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a gram-negative rod member of the enterobacteriacease family. a patient is described from whom this organism was isolated twice in pure culture from empyema fluid. our isolates of citrobacter diversus were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin and sensitive to cephalothin. citrobacter diversus should be distinguished from citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae. this organism joins streptococcus pyogenes, bacteroids species, anaerobic stre ... | 1975 | 1149508 |
| first isolations of levinea-citrobacter cultures in czechoslovakia. | twenty-two strains corresponding by their biochemical properties to the genus levinea - citrobacter were isolated. six of the strains were referred to the species citrobacter diversus and 12 to c. freundii, whose properties are identical with those of l. malonatica and l. amalonatica, respectively. four strains differed from levinea organisms by some reactions, but were fully compatible with c. freundii (in the scheme of ewing and davis); two of them utilized malonate. the taxonomic position of ... | 1975 | 1170700 |
| evaluation of tyrosine medium for the identification of enterobacteriaceae. | use of the tyrosine medium in the identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae form the basis of this paper. six hundred and twenty-three strains were tested for their property of tyrosine degradation. three hundred and seventy-two strains were positive in 24 h and an additional eight strains were positive in 48 to 72 h. these positive strains consisted of all 344 strains of the proteus-providencia group, all 25 strains of citrobacter diversus, and three strains of atypical c. freu ... | 1975 | 1176617 |
| [proceedings: neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by levinea malonatica]. | 1975 | 1182008 | |
| citrobacter diversus at grace hospital, detroit, michigan. | over a six-month period from december 1973 to june 1974, isolations of citrobacter diversus were obtained from nine patients at grace hospital. our initial experience was with a patient who developed pneumonitis and a massive fatal empyema due to this organism. seven of the nine patients were 50 years of age. three patients had an underlying malignancy. four patients experienced significant clinical infections. isolations in three patients were considered to be commensal, and two isolations were ... | 1975 | 1211410 |
| [o and h antigens of "levinea malonatica" (author's transl)]. | a serological study of representative strains of levinea malonatica allows to identify fourteen o factors and seven h factors. the structure of the somatic antigens is rather complicated: group factors (1, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14) and type factors (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) can be distinguished. flagellar antigens are monophasic; reciprocal cross-reactions between h antigens of l. malonatica are rarely found. the determinations of o and h antigens are performed by the tube agglutination method. a preli ... | 1975 | 1211719 |
| citrobacter diversus isolated from clinical material. | forty-seven strains of citrobacter diversus were isolated during a 12-month period from clinical material obtained from patients in a general hospital in israel. the majority of cultures (38) were recovered from urine and wound discharges. there was one case of septicemia. the biochemical reactions of all cultures were typical for this species, except one that was anaerogenic, and they could be divided into five biotypes (a through e). thirty-nine strains were identified serologically and found ... | 1976 | 1262451 |
| interference by neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by other bacterial species. | growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens has been enhanced by the use of selective media that inhibit the simultaneous growth of other microorganisms. one explanation for this enhancement could be that certain other bacteria inhibit gonococcal growth. this hypothesis was examined by testing 167 bacterial isolates for in vitro gonococcal inhibition; 34.1% of the isolates failed to inhibit the gonococcus, but 12.0% produced weak inhibition and 53.9% strongly inhibited n. gonorrhoeae ... | 1976 | 823175 |
| serotyping of strains belonging to the citrobacter-levinea group isolated from diagnostic material. | a proposal is presented for the serotyping of citrobacter-levinea strains: 9 serotypes for citrobacter diversus (levinea malonatica) and 13 serotypes for h2s-negative, indole-positive variants of citrobacter freundii (levinea amalonatica), which showed a considerable antigenic diversity. by means of both kinds of antiserum types 80 per cent of the strains (l. malonatica 100 per cent, l. amalonatica 72 per cent) from a series of 106 strains isolated from different diagnostic material were serolo ... | 1976 | 936828 |
| citrobacter koseri meningitis in a special care baby unit. | an outbreak of meningitis due to citrobacter koseri in a special care baby unit is described. the organism showed a high capacity for spread among the babies on the unit and although the intestinal carriage rate was high, the clinical case:carrier ratio was low. | 1976 | 1010878 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) as an aid in differentiating citrobacter species. | the hydrogen sulfide-negative citrobacter group represents a taxonomic problem. various investigators have proposed such designations as padlewskia, levinea, atypical enterobacter cloacae, h2s-negative variants of citrobacter, citrobacter koseri and citrobacter diversus. this problem has been investigated with emphasis on antibiograms as a means of discrimination. clinical isolates fitting the designation citrobacter were studied and, using the criteria of ewing and davis, separated into two gro ... | 1977 | 836626 |
| distinctive electrophoretic patterns of esterases from levinea malonatica, levinea amalonatica and citrobacter. | esterases of 42 strains of levinea malonatica, levinea amalonatica and citrobacter were analysed by horizontal slab electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-agarosegel using several synthetic substrates. on the basis of esterase zymograms a distinctive pattern was established for each of the three species. levinea malonatica was characterized by two major bands: one hydrolysing acetate esters but not butyrate esters; and the other hydrolysing alpha-naphthyl acetate and reacting weakly with alpha-naphth ... | 1977 | 856943 |
| endocarditis due to citrobacter diversus developing resistance to cephalothin. | a 43-year-old man was admitted with acute bacterial endocarditis. citrobacter diversus susceptible to cephalothin was isolated from blood cultures. citrobacter diversus was later isolated from the aortic valve cusps at surgery, but this isolate was resistant to cephalothin. laboratory testing showed that the citrobacter diversus recovered from blood cultures was capable of producing mutants highly resistant to cephalothin. | 1977 | 266661 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor. | inhibitory activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor was compared by the who-ics agar dilution technique. cefaclor was substantially more active against staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, haemophilus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, salmonellae, and shigellae than was cephalexin, which in turn was more active than cephradine. cefaclor appeared to be less resistant to staphylococcal penicillinase than did the other two ag ... | 1977 | 301005 |
| esculin hydrolysis by enterobacteriaceae. | literature reports disagree concerning esculin hydrolysis in the family enterobacteriaceae. a total of 2,490 strains of the family were investigated for esculin hydrolysis by two methods, the esculin spot test and the pathotec incubation strip, which measures constitutive enzyme, and five growth-supporting methods, which determine both constitutive and inducible enzymes. the five growth-supporting media studied were: vaughn-levine, the standard esculin hydrolysis medium (p. r. edwards and w. h. ... | 1977 | 330558 |
| some interesting isolates from a diagnostic laboratory. | citrobacter koseri, plesiomonas shigelloides, edwardsiella tarda, yersinia enterocolitica, alkalescens dispar, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio alginolyticus were seven interesting microorganisms isolated recently in our diagnostic laboratory. | 1978 | 641196 |
| hydrogen sulfide-producing citrobacter diversus. a re-emphasis of the potential ability of all enterobacteriaceae to manifest this quality. | among 68 strains of citrobacter diversus isolated in a community hospital in a year and a half, six were characterized by late h2s production in iron-agar slants, while otherwise typical. although not recorded in standard tabulations, the potential for enterobacteriaciae to develop this quality by plasmid transfer appears to be virtually unlimited, and dictates caution in the use of failure to produce h2s as a criterion for exclusion. in the present group, the use of the adonitol reaction as a m ... | 1978 | 645641 |
| clinical significance of citrobacter isolates. | little is know about the clinical significance of isolating citrobacter in the clinical laboratory. during a one-year period, 116 citrobacter isolates were obtained from 77 patients with 83 suspected infectious episodes. the majority of the suspected infectious episodes involved the urinary tract (45%) or respiratory tract (41%). citrobacter diversus was associated with 42% of the episodes, citrobacter freundii with 29%, and citrobacter species with 29%. in 42% of the suspected infectious episod ... | 1978 | 696671 |
| susceptibility of the anaerobic bacteria, group d streptococci, enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas to semisynthetic penicillins: carbenicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin. | sodium piperacillin t-1220, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was tested in vitro against 297 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria and 669 aerobic bacteria by the conventional agar dilution method and compared with carbenicillin and ticarcillin. at a 100-mug/ml concentration the three drugs showed comparable effectiveness against the anaerobes tested. however, at 20 mug/ml, piperacillin was the most effective drug against bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococci, and group d streptococci. at thi ... | 1978 | 103491 |
| bacteriocin typing of serratia marcescens. a simplified system. | the authors describe a simplified system for the detection of bacteriocin production by serratia marcescens with the use of six indicator strains, which include escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aerogenes (two strains), and serratia rubidaea grown on arabinose minimal medium plates. of the 64 possible bacteriocin types, 11 were observed; 66% of the isolates tested were found to be one of three types. occasionally more than one bacteriocin type was observ ... | 1979 | 371382 |
| clinical evaluation of the micro-id, api 20e, and conventional media systems for identification of enterobacteriacea. | micro-id (general diagnostics, morris plains, n.j.) is a new kit system designed for the identification of enterobacteriaceae in 4 h. it consists of 15 biochemical tests of paper disks. each test is in its own compartment in a molded plastic tray. only one reagent need be added to the system (2 drops of 20% koh, which is added to the voges-proskauer test). based on the pattern of positive and negative biochemical test results, a five-digit octal code number is calculated. an identification is de ... | 1979 | 389946 |
| neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter koseri. | a five day old neonate was diagnosed as having bacterial meningitis and commenced on ampicillin and flucloxacillin. the organism was then found to be citrobacter koseri and the antibiotics changed to chloramphenicol systemically for two weeks. the child made an uneventful recovery. at four weeks of age her head circumference had increased unacceptably and a computerised axial tomography scan revealed a large frontal lobe abscess. aspiration revealed a large pus filled cavity and citrobacter kose ... | 1979 | 501512 |
| citrobacter infections in humans: experience at the seattle veterans administration medical center and a review of the literature. | the genus citrobacter is a distinct group of human pathogens comprising three species: citrobacter freundii (biotypes a and b), citrobacter amalonaticus, and citrobacter diversus. in this review the clinical and microbiologic experience during 1972-1978 at the seattle veterans administration medical center (seattle, wash.) with 298 isolates of citrobacter is analyzed in relation to a survey of the literature. the most common sources of citrobacter isolates were urine, sputum, and soft tissue exu ... | 1980 | 6763304 |
| screening of bacterial isolates for mannose-specific lectin activity by agglutination of yeasts. | a total of 393 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to agglutinate yeast cells of either saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida albicans. a positive agglutination of yeasts that could be prevented by methyl alpha-d-mannoside was taken as an indication for the possible presence of a mannose-specific lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) on the surface of the tested bacteria. agglutination tests on glass slides showed that 38% of all the isolates tested were positive in their cap ... | 1980 | 6989854 |
| [citrobacter diversus bacteria (classification position, role in pathology)]. | 1980 | 7223190 | |
| [interest of gamma-glutamyltransferase in "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. | gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammagt) could be detected in 86,6% of 3,027 strains of enterobacteriaceae, by the use of gamma-l-glutamin-p-nitranilide acid for substrate. the following species produced gamma gt: citrobacter freundii, levinea malonatica, l. amalonatica, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, hafnia alvei, erwinia carotovora, serratia ... | 1980 | 6104464 |
| pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of moxalactam (ly127935), netilmicin, and ampicillin in experimental gram-negative enteric bacillary meningitis. | moxalactam (ly127935) is a 1-oxa-beta-lactam which was active in vitro against the majority of 128 strains of gram-negative enteric bacilli isolated from meningitis in neonates. pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of ly127935 were studied in a lapin meningitis model. the average penetration of this investigational oxa-cephalosporin into cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits was 23% compared with 25% for netilmicin and 11% for ampicillin. the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ly12 ... | 1980 | 6448576 |
| gram-negative sepsis in neonates: a nursery outbreak due to hand carriage of citrobacter diversus. | an outbreak of citrobacter diversus infections occurred in a newborn nursery at a 350-bed community hospital during september and october 1978. two infants developed sepsis and meningitis and nine additional infants had asymptomatic umbilical colonization. these infants did not differ from control, noncolonized infants with respect to numerous clinical and environmental variables. surveillance cultures failed to implicate an environmental source for the citrobacter. however, cultures of nursery ... | 1980 | 7375234 |
| hypoprothrombinemia associated with moxalactam treatment of a septic sternoclavicular arthritis due to citrobacter diversus. | 1981 | 6456139 | |
| citrobacter meningitis and cerebral abscess in early infancy: cure by moxalactam. | a 7-week-old boy developed multiple cerebral abscesses as a complication of neonatal citrobacter diversus meningitis. he was successfully treated medically with the experimental beta-lactam antibiotic, moxalactam. this is the first nonsurgical cure of brain abscess in early infancy. fifty-eight percent of all previously reported cases of citrobacter meningitis were complicated by brain abscess, mandating early, and serial computed tomography scanning in patients afflicted with the disorder. moxa ... | 1981 | 6458777 |
| citrobacter diversus brain abscess and meningitis in neonates. | brain abscess is an infrequent complication of meningitis, including cases caused by gram-negative enteric bacteria in neonates. because brain abscesses recently developed in four of five neonates with citrobacter diversus meningitis at one institution, we reviewed cases of c diversus meningitis reported in the literature and those enrolled in the neonatal meningitis cooperative study groups and reported to the centers for disease control. seventy-four cases in neonates were identified, and a br ... | 1981 | 7230384 |
| fatal neonatal central nervous system infection caused by citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a serious, albeit rare, offender of the central nervous system (cns) in the neonatal period and in early infancy. we report here a case of neonatal cns infection caused by c. diversus. the course of the illness was one of rapid deterioration, leading to recurrent seizures, coma and death. since neonatal c. diversus cns infection carries a grave prognosis, intraventricular administration of gentamicin should be considered. | 1981 | 7263196 |
| [sero- and biovars of levinea malonatica (syn. citrobacter diversus, citrobacter koseri) in clinical material (author's transl)]. | the biochemical and serological examination of 31 strains of levinea malonatica isolated from faeces, urine, sputum, wound infections and blood showed no correlation of bio- or serovars with the origin of the strains. serological cross-reactions between o-antigens of l. malonatica and certain salmonella, shigella and yersinia enterocolitica serovars were analysed. they are low-titred and seem to be of minor importance. sensitivity testing revealed the resistance of l. malonatica against penicill ... | 1981 | 7269856 |
| epidemic nosocomial meningitis due to citrobacter diversus in neonates. | five infants born at one hospital over a two-year period developed meningitis due to a serotype o2 strain of citrobacter diversus; four infants developed brain abscesses due to this organism. the initial prevalence of stool colonization in infants was 79%; eventually 140 infants (10%) and six nurses (6%) were found to be colonized. one colonized infant remained in the hospital for the entire two-year period. the strains were of two biotypes marked by the presence (biotype d) or absence (biotype ... | 1981 | 7276635 |
| "bacteriological bit": citrobacter diversus osteomyelitis in a neonate. | 1981 | 7307414 | |
| antigenic scheme of citrobacter koseri. | an antigenic scheme, based on the determination of 17 somatic and 9 flagellar antigens, is proposed for citrobacter koseri. seven of the flagellar antigens constituted the specific phase (a through g), and the others (1 and 2) were nonspecific. of the 238 theoretically possible serotypes, 48 were identified among 680 cultures examined. | 1981 | 7334075 |
| antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica); three new antigens recognized in strains from israel. | an antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri was described previously and consisted of 14 'o' antigens. three additional antigens are now added to the scheme and type strains for these antigens are designated. their origins and their biochemical and serological reactions are described. | 1981 | 7007489 |
| rapid presumptive identification of citrobacter diversus as an aid in controlling infections. | during an outbreak of neonatal meningitis caused by kanamycin-resistant citrobacter diversus, a field procedure for presumptive identification of the organism was evaluated, and using it resulted in the early recognition of patients colonized by the epidemic strain of c. diversus. rectal and nasopharyngeal specimens were plated and incubated on macconkey agar containing 10 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. after 18 h of incubation, lactose-nonfermenting colonies present on the selective medium wer ... | 1981 | 7024304 |
| citrobacter diversus urinary tract infection. | 1982 | 7081167 | |
| neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter diversus: case report. | 1982 | 6810211 | |
| [rapid determination of the synergy of clavulanic acid and beta lactams by measuring the intracellular atp by bioluminescence]. | twenty clinical isolates of ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant or susceptible (two strains) gram-negative rods, producing at least one beta-lactamase, were examined for susceptibility to a combination of ampicillin or carbenicillin with clavulanic acid (enzymatic inhibitor). synergy was evaluated by the reduction of the beta-lactam agar dilution mic and by the measurement of intracellular ayp using firefly bioluminescence. the potentiation effect of clavulanic acid was variable, depending o ... | 1982 | 6819796 |
| in vitro activity of apalcillin compared with that of other new penicillins and anti-pseudomonas cephalosporins. | apalcillin, a naphthydridine derivative of ampicillin, was compared with ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates and with cefsulodin and tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. the minimal concentrations of apalcillin at which 50 and 90% of hospital isolates of escherichia coli were inhibited were similar to those of mezlocillin and piperacillin (1.6 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively). apalci ... | 1982 | 6981375 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime. | the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ... | 1982 | 6100427 |
| in vitro evaluation of augmentin by broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing: regression analysis, tentative interpretive criteria, and quality control limits. | augmentin (beecham laboratories, bristol, tenn.), a combination drug consisting of two parts amoxicillin to one part clavulanic acid and a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor, was evaluated in vitro in comparison with ampicillin or amoxicillin or both for its inhibitory and bactericidal activities against selected clinical isolates. regression analysis was performed and tentative disk diffusion susceptibility breakpoints were determined. a multicenter performance study of the disk diffusion test was ... | 1983 | 6625554 |
| antibacterial activity of aztreonam: a synthetic monobactam. a comparative study with thirteen other antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of aztreoman (sq 26, 776), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antimicrobial agent, was determined against 1720 bacteria, all clinical isolates, and compared with that of thirteen beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. aztreonam inhibited 90% of citrobacter diversus, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus morganii, proteus rettgeri, proteus vulgaris and salmonella sp. by less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms m ... | 1983 | 6684718 |
| septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint due to citrobacter diversus. | 1983 | 6842477 | |
| citrobacter koseri (syn. c. diversus): biotype, serogroup and drug resistance patterns of 517 strains. | the names citrobacter koseri and c. diversus are synonyms for a species of enterobacterium with a particular ability to cause neonatal meningitis. 517 strains belonging to this species were examined using biotyping and serotyping techniques. 40% of the strains belonged to serogroups o2 and o1 and 72% belonged to biotypes d and a. strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid belonged to several different serogroups and biotypes but serogroups o2 and o3 and biotypes d and a were the most common. all ... | 1983 | 6550615 |
| direct dilution sampling, quantitation, and microbial assessment of open-system ventilation circuits in intensive care units. | in a systematic approach, 37 duplicate samples of open system circuits (bennett ma-1 ventilators) of patients in medical and surgical intensive care units were processed by direct and serial (apha guidelines) dilutions. the paired difference test on 15 of the in-use circuitry solution samples indicated no difference between the direct and serial dilution methods (p less than 0.001). seventy-seven additional respiratory therapy circuitry samples from similar intensive care patients were analyzed ... | 1983 | 6575015 |
| citrobacter ventriculitis in a neonate responsive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | there are increasing reports of citrobacter central nervous system infections in neonates. these organisms cause brain abcesses in a high percentage of patients. they may be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. we report a term male infant with underlying meningo-myelocoele and hydrocephalus in whom citrobacter diversus meningitis and ventriculitis developed. initial antibiotic therapy including intraventricular amikacin failed to sterilize the ventricles or alter a deteriorating clinical cou ... | 1983 | 6602026 |
| the origin and properties of beta-lactamase satellite bands seen in isoelectric focusing. | citrobacter diversus 2046e and branhamella catarrhalis 2001e each produce a constitutive, chromosomally mediated broad-spectrum beta-lactamase. isoelectric focusing of both enzymes revealed patterns of multiple 'satellite' bands. the principal satellite bands of each enzyme were isolated and characterized. individual bands of each enzyme gave similar substrate profiles, molecular weights and responses to inhibitors to one another. the results support the theory that satellite bands are due to th ... | 1983 | 6604722 |
| beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate. | iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate were shown to be effective inhibitors of a variety of beta-lactamases. staphylococcus aureus isolates were synergistically inhibited by iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate combined with ampicillin. methicillin-resistant s. aureus was not synergistically inhibited. escherichia coli which possessed tem beta-lactamase activity had a reduction in ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration, but an e. coli isolate which had chromosomal beta-lactamase and ... | 1983 | 6299186 |
| bacterial changes in the urine samples of patients with long-term indwelling catheters. | the bacterial flora in the urine samples of 15 nursing home patients with long-term, indwelling catheters were examined monthly for one year. there was a rapidly changing polymicrobial flora averaging 2.0 changes per month in species with colony counts greater than 100,000/ml, and 3.2 changes per month when changes in species, biogram, and quantity of bacteria were considered. the flora changed significantly more frequently, and cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, and citro ... | 1984 | 6331806 |
| comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fr 17027, a new orally active cephalosporin. | fr 17027, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin ester, inhibited group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.1 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the inhibition concentration of amoxicillin and cefaclor, and was more active than cephalexin. it was less active (mic, 25 micrograms/ml) against staphylococci than was cephalexin, and it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria monocytogenes. fr 17027 inhibited beta-lactamase-producing isolates of neisser ... | 1984 | 6333207 |
| comparative efficacy of piperacillin versus carbenicillin for complicated urinary tract infections. | in this controlled, randomized clinical trial we compared piperacillin and carbenicillin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. 24 patients received piperacillin 150 mg/kg/day for 7.2 +/- 2.75 days and 17 patients received carbenicillin 200 mg/kg/day for 7.5 +/- 2.90 days. patients were evaluated for clinical and bacteriologic responses and tolerance to therapy. although the clinical cure rate significantly favored carbenicillin treatment (p less than 0.01), the sum of the per ... | 1984 | 6395464 |
| third-generation cephalosporins: a critical evaluation. | six third-generation cephalosporins--cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime--are reviewed; covered are chemistry and structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical utility, adverse effects, and cost effectiveness. the third-generation cephalosporins have a similar mechanism of action to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. none of the agents is particularly active against certain gram-positive bact ... | 1984 | 6432420 |
| citrobacter diversus meningitis and brain abscess associated with bacteroides melaninogenicus. | 1984 | 6151172 | |
| development of resistance to cephalosporins in clinical strains of citrobacter spp. | the predominant beta-lactam antibiogram of citrobacter freundii resembles that of enterobacter cloacae in demonstrating resistance to cephalothin and cefoxitin with susceptibility to the newer cephalosporins. four representative strains of c. freundii were reversibly induced to high-level beta-lactamase production by cefoxitin, and mutants with stable, high-level production were selected with cefamandole. the mutants were resistant to several second- and third-generation cephalosporins. comparis ... | 1984 | 6610388 |
| conservative management of citrobacter diversus meningitis with brain abscess. | 1984 | 6588321 | |
| nosocomial meningitis due to citrobacter diversus in neonates: new aspects of the epidemiology. | two term neonates born within four days of each other at a small hospital developed sepsis and meningitis caused by a unique strain of citrobacter diversus not previously reported to cause meningitis. eleven (27.5%) of 40 other infants admitted to the nursery during the epidemic period developed rectal or umbilical colonization by c. diversus. contact soon after birth with either of two nurses was more common among infected or colonized infants than among infants who were not infected or coloniz ... | 1984 | 6470529 |
| citrobacter koseri isolated in israel, 1972-83. | cultures of citrobacter koseri (syn. c. diversus), an opportunistic pathogen that was isolated in israel during 1972-83, were studied by sero- and biotyping and for susceptibility to antibacterial agents. of 1,172 cultures, 96% were isolated from adults, more than half from urinary tract infections. other frequent sources were superficial wounds and discharges from the respiratory and genital tracts. seventeen strains originated from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and four from the cereb ... | 1984 | 6511332 |
| citrobacter diversus osteomyelitis. a case report. | 1984 | 6747194 | |
| mezlocillin, ceftizoxime, and amikacin alone and in combination against six enterobacteriaceae in a neutropenic site in rabbits. | closed-space, locally neutropaenic infection sites were simulated in rabbits by implanting subcutaneous semipermeable chambers inoculated with 5 x 10(4) cfu/ml of escherichia coli (one strain), citrobacter diversus (one strain), klebsiella pneumoniae (two strains) or serratia marcescens (two strains). four hours after inoculation, treatment was begun with amikacin (15 mg/kg), mezlocillin (100 mg/kg), or ceftizoxime (50 mg/kg) alone or in two-drug combinations. antibiotics were given intramuscula ... | 1985 | 3856563 |
| the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy 7 beta acyl ureido cephalosporin. | the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was determined against 726 clinical isolates. ninety percent of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, salmonella, and shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and piperacillin against these species. concentrat ... | 1985 | 3879464 |
| bacteremias due to citrobacter diversus and citrobacter freundii. incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome. | from 1974 to 1982, 38 patients developed citrobacter bacteremia at two adult community-teaching hospitals in the detroit medical center (incidence, 1.2 cases per 10,000 discharges). citrobacter accounted for 0.7% of all bacteremias during the study period. of 31 cases reviewed, citrobacter bacteremia frequently developed in elderly patients (65%) and was hospital acquired (77%). initial sites of infection included the urinary tract (39%), gastrointestinal tract (27%), wound (10%), and unknown (1 ... | 1985 | 3899035 |
| the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a pyridine cephalosporin agent active against staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new cyclopyridinium cephalosporin, was evaluated against 947 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefpirome inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, aeromonas spp., salmonella spp., shigella spp. and haemophilus and neisseria species at less than or equal to 0.4 mg/l. it had activity comparable to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and moxalactam again ... | 1985 | 3928497 |
| treatment of gram-negative infections with aztreonam. | twenty-one patients with serious gram-negative infections were treated with aztreonam. twenty of these were clinical and microbiologic cures; there was one clinical improvement with microbiologic persistence. no bacteria became resistant. cure rates were: bone and joint (11 of 11); skin and soft tissue (six of six); pneumonia (two of two); perinephric abscess (one of one); and intra-abdominal abscess (zero of one). the bacteria responsible for these infections included pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ... | 1985 | 4038577 |
| population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime in enterobacteriaceae. | population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime (ctx) in eight species of enterobacteriaceae was carried out. one strain of each species was examined. the strains represented their individual species as regards natural susceptibility to ampicillin (a) and carbenicillin (ca). cephalothinase activity of the parental strains and strains selected on the plates with the highest concentration that allowed growth was determined by an ultraviolet assay. the populations of the a-susceptible/ca-suscep ... | 1985 | 4083013 |
| aztreonam in the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. | aztreonam was used successfully in 17 of 17 patients with orthopedic infections due to gram-negative bacilli (11, osteomyelitis; six, septic arthritis). duration of treatment ranged from 14 to 55 days, and the period of follow-up was four to 18 months. causative organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter gergoviae, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter aerogenes. aztreonam was well tolerated. the only definite reactions attributable to aztreo ... | 1985 | 2934786 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ... | 1986 | 3485506 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074). | ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ... | 1986 | 3490827 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s. | 6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ... | 1986 | 3492172 |
| [meningitis and brain abscess caused by levinea malonatica in a newborn infant]. | 1986 | 3707283 | |
| [neonatal sepsis and urinary tract infection due to citrobacter diversus]. | 1986 | 3732947 | |
| molecular epidemiology of neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus: a study of isolates from hospitals in maryland. | six cases of neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus were diagnosed in three baltimore (maryland) hospitals between 1983 and 1985. using plasmid profiles, biotypes, serotypes, and chromosomal restriction endonuclease digests as epidemiological markers, we studied 63 isolates of c. diversus (including four isolates from cerebrospinal fluid) from these and seven other hospitals in maryland. within two of the three hospitals with meningitis cases, the same strain of c. diversus was isolated ... | 1986 | 3734491 |
| occurrence and clinical significance of tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter freundii in human faecal specimens. | 59 tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter strains were isolated from a total of 2062 human faecal specimens, specifically from 1167 healthy people and from 895 patients suffering from different gastrointestinal syndromes. all strains were identified biochemically as citrobacter freundii. citrobacter diversus 100% positive for tyrosine clearing could not be isolated in any case. citrobacter freundii was found twice as frequently in stools of healthy human beings than of patients. there is a stati ... | 1986 | 3788353 |
| antimicrobial activity of imipenem against 1386 clinical isolates. | 1386 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against imipenem by disc agar diffusion. the bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, e. agglomerans, e. cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozanae, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, providencia stuartii, p. rettgeri, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, citrobacter diversus, c. freundii, morganella morganii, serratia liquefaciens, s. marcescens, hafnia alvei, aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 1986 | 3468319 |
| a study of the skin flora of spinal cord injured patients. | the skin flora of 11 spinally-injured patients was compared to that of 11 healthy control subjects. the perinea, groins, penile shafts and urethras of the patients were heavily colonized by a range of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli. observations on patients from admission for up to 25 days suggest that the gram-negative bacilli start to colonize the skin 2-3 days after admission. some species, e.g., citrobacter diversus and escherichia coli appear as transient organisms while others ... | 1986 | 2876030 |
| in vitro activity of aztreonam against gram negative bacteria from clinical specimens and its comparison with other commonly used antibiotics. | a total of 755 gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested against aztreonam by the disc agar diffusion test. the strains of bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli (314), enterobacter aerogenes (30), e. agglomerans (7), e. cloacae, (39), citrobacter diversus (9), c. freundii (13), hafnia alvei (3), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10), klebsiella oxytoca (6), k. ozaenae (5), k. pneumoniae (107), morganella morganii (3), moraxella sp. (10), pasteurella multo ... | 1986 | 3088346 |
| bacterial interference by anaerobic species isolated from human feces. | eighty-four anaerobic fecal isolates obtained from five healthy volunteers were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of eight species of enterobacteriaceae, four species of faculative gram-positive cocci, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. forty-nine of the 84 anaerobic isolates (58%) inhibited the growth of at least one indicator bacterium. isolates of bacteroides and bifidobacterium spp. were most consistently inhibitory. anaerobic cocci and clostridia were infrequently inhibitory; eub ... | 1987 | 3113937 |
| efficacy and tolerance of oral ofloxacin in treating various infections. | 66 patients were given daily doses of ofloxacin between 400 and 800 mg for 10 days to 6 months. they were suffering from exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (15), soft tissue phlegmon (11), complicated urinary tract infections (7), bronchopneumonia (7), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (8), chronic prostatitis in exacerbation (5), lower urinary tract infections (3), chronic otitis media (3), acute otitis (3), acute bronchitis (1), lung abscess (2) or liver abscess (1). pathogens included pse ... | 1987 | 3481312 |
| outbreak of neonatal citrobacter diversus meningitis in a suburban hospital. | between february and june, 1983, four cases of citrobacter diversus neonatal meningitis were identified at a suburban baltimore hospital. one of the 4 infants died at age 13 months, 2 (both of whom had brain abscesses) have evidence of developmental delay and 1 appears to be normal after 33 months of follow-up. a review of microbiology records revealed that c. diversus had been present in the hospital nursery prior to identification of the first infant with meningitis, with isolation from infant ... | 1987 | 3822617 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, cgp 31608. | the in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. cgp 31608 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, and salmonella, shigella, aeromonas, and yersinia spp. with mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and mic90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem mics of less than 0.2 ... | 1987 | 3496845 |
| citrobacter diversus ula27 produces two forms of a chromosomal beta-lactamase. | a multi-resistant clinical isolate of citrobacter diversus, particularly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, has been studied. the strain produced constitutively high levels of beta-lactamase which efficiently hydrolysed cephaloridine but not ampicillin. the apparent km value for cephaloridine (125 +/- 25 microm) was within the range usually observed for beta-lactamases in similar bacteria. the strain possessed two forms of the enzyme as indicated by isoelectric focusing patterns, hplc ... | 1987 | 3497915 |
| fractionation and characterization of two beta-lactamases in citrobacter diversus ula-27 strain by chromatofocusing. | 1987 | 3500180 | |
| use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. however, therapeutic concentrations of tmp and smz in serum and csf are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of ... | 1987 | 3554455 |
| in vitro susceptibility of citrobacter species to various antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 14 clinical isolates of citrobacter diversus and 27 isolates of citrobacter freundii were studied. c. freundii isolates were more resistant, being susceptible only to amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. c. diversus isolates were susceptible to many more of the agents tested. | 1987 | 3606084 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165. | b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ... | 1987 | 3300528 |
| citrobacter diversus and neonatal brain abscess. | a 23-day-old infant presented with apnea and was found to have citrobacter diversus meningitis and brain abscess. the organism persisted in brain abscess fluid for over 4 weeks despite adequate antibiotic therapy. cranial computed tomography demonstrated persistent radiolucencies in both frontal lobes, and midline shift, long after completion of antibiotic therapy. effective therapy of c. diversus meningitis and brain abscess may require use of an antibiotic active within phagocytes, and judicio ... | 1987 | 3334014 |