Publications

enzyme electrophoretograms in the analysis of taxon relatedness of micrococcus cryophilus, branhamella catarrhalis and atypical neisserias.	extracts were prepared from micrococcus cryophilus, several strains of branhamella catarrhalis and neisseria spp. esterases, nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities were assayed after electrophoresis of extracts of polyacrylamide gels. except for neisseria perflava and n. sicca which resolved activity bands for the acetate-esterase only, the remaining bacteria exhibited species-specific esterase patterns also for the propionate and butyrate substrates. the mul ...	1975	234507
metabolic requirements for entry of dna in branhamella catarrhalis.	although requirements for transformation in branhamella catarrhalis are quite complex, dna synthesis does not appear to be one of these needs, as indicated by the inability of nalidixic acid to interefere with transformation. exogenous sources of energy, such as camp and cgmp also failed to enhance frequency, suggesting cells may actively engage in energy production to achieve uptake of dna, or lack a transport mechanism for these compounds.	1976	183979
fatal neisseria (branhamella) catarrhalis pneumonia in an immunodeficient host.	a 64-year-old man with far-advanced iga multiple myeloma presented with fulminant and rapidly fatal bronchopneumonia. gram stains of expectorated sputum and of transtracheal aspirate revealed gram-negative intracellular and extracellular diplococci. cultures of these specimens yielded neisseria catarrhalis. subsequent histologic examination of the lung confirmed the presence of numerous gram-negative diplococci in the alveolar spaces. the pathogenic potential of this nasopharyngeal commensal is ...	1976	788567
lipids of branhamella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae.	three strains of branhamella catarrhalis and three strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed with regard to their phospholipid and neutral lipid composition. b. catarrhalis (atcc 23246) contained 5.12 +/- 0.34% lipid, determined gravimetrically, compared to 8.56 +/- 0.15% and 9.73 +/- 0.06% for two strains of n. gonorrhoeae. cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine were identified in extracts of both species. in addition, b. catarrhalis contained small amounts of pho ...	1976	819418
studies on branhamella catarrhalis (neisseria catarrhalis) with special reference to maxillary sinusitis.	paired sera from 97 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were examined regarding antibodies to branhamella catarrhalis. precipitating antibodies were demonstrated in almost all sera both from patients and from healthy blood donors. complement-fixing (cf) antibodies to b. catarrhalis were present in sera from 25 of the 97 patients and in one of 20 healthy blood donors. the titres were low and the titre changes when present were of a small magnitude. cf antibodies were most commonly demonstrate ...	1976	823639
comparison of the cell envelope proteins of micrococcus cryophilus with those of neisseria dnd branhamella species.	in an attempt to elucidate the relation between micrococcus cryophilus, neisseria caviae, neisseria ovis, and branhamella catarrhalis, fractions derived from outer membranes of a strain of each organism were examined for protein composition by sds - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. micrococcus cryophilus outer membrane protein showed extensive similarities to that of n. ovis and contained a heat-modifiable protein which behaved almost identically with the corresponding bands previously shown ...	1976	1260534
studies on the cellular and free lipopolysaccharides from branhamella catarrhalis.	cellular and free lipopolysaccharides obtained from neisseria catarrhalis and branhamella catarrhalis were found to be essentially identical. both cellular and free lipopolysaccharides contained core-oligosaccharides of the following composition: d-glucose (4 mol), d-galactose (1 mol), 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (1 mol), and 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid. aldoheptose and phosphate components were below levels of detection. several physical methods indicated that all core-oligosaccharide prepar ...	1976	1260539
in vitro sensitivity to penicillin v and beta-lactamase production of branhamella catarrhalis.		1977	408320
neisseria meningitidis in the anal canal of homosexual men.	cultures were obtained from the oropharynx, urethra, and anal canal of 157 homosexual men. neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified in 30 men (19.1%), neisseria meningitidis in 32 men (20.4%), and neisseria lactamicus and branhamella catarrhalis in one man each. n. gonorrhoeae was isolated from the anal canal of three men (1.9%), and n. meninititidis was identified in the anal canal of seven men (4.5%). these findings suggest that confirmatory tests are indicated for homosexual males with rectal iso ...	1977	411836
the lipopolysaccharide (r type) as a common antigen of neisseria gonorrhoeae. ii. use of hen antiserum to gonococcal lipopolysaccharide in a rapid slide test for the identification of n. gonorrhoeae from primary isolates and secondary cultures.	an antiserum has been prepared in hens to r-type gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps) and used in a simple slide-agglutination test for the identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae. anti-lps serum agglutinated gonococcal cells representative of the four colony types of n. gonorrhoeae. absorption of the antiserum with lps removed the agglutinating activity. secondary cultures (1120) were tested without observation of the colony type and all were agglutinated. no agglutination occurred with strains ...	1978	417781
immunological relationships of some non-pathogenic neisseria.	a collection of nine stock strains of non-pathogenic neisseria species and one strain of branhamella catarrhalis has been examined serologically by a simple immunodiffusion technique utilising cultures growing on solid medium.	1978	417785
bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis: 11 cases assessed by transtracheal puncture.	transtracheal punctures were performed in 193 miners of anthracosilicotic coal who presented with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. the transtracheal aspirates were bacteriologically positive in 104 patients. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in 15 patients; 10 of these responded to chemotherapy, as shown by the resolution of all symptoms and the disappearance of the organism on a repeat transtracheal puncture performed 48 hours after the end of treatment. one ampicillin-treated pa ...	1978	620304
binding of hla antigen-containing liposomes to bacteria.	highly purified, detergent-solubilized hla-a and -b antigens and hla-d antigens were separately incorporated into liposomes. detergent-solubilized transplantation antigens, but not papain-solubilized antigens lacking the membrane-integrated portions of the molecules, were bound to the liposomes. a considerable portion of the liposome-bound antigens displayed accessible antigenic sites, suggesting that they were oriented in the right-side-out direction. liposomes containing the hla-a and -b antig ...	1978	282637
novel beta-lactamase from branhamella catarrhalis.	a strain of branhamella catarrhalis isolated from sputum was shown to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. this strain produced a beta-lactamase which has been judged to be a novel enzyme, on the basis of substrat profil, isoelectric point and location of genetic determinant.	1978	311606
evaluation of spiramycin as a therapeutic agent for elimination of nasopharyngeal pathogens. possible use of spiramycin for middle ear infections and for gonococcal and meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage.	varying doses of spiramycin were administered orally to healthy volunteers, and concentrations in serum and saliva were determined. the absorption of the drug was not significantly influenced by concomitant food intake. saliva peak concentrations were 1.3--4.8 times higher than peak concentrations in serum. the elimination half life was 2--3 h in serum, and 4--8 h in saliva. accumulation of the drug was seen in saliva but not in serum. the possible effect of spiramycin in eliminating bacteria fr ...	1978	97775
bronchopulmonary infection due to beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis treated with amoxycillin/clavulanic-acid.		1978	79045
lectins in diagnostic microbiology: use of wheat germ agglutinin for laboratory identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae.	a lectin slide agglutination test has been developed for the confirmatory identification of neisseria gonorrhoeae. with wheat germ lectin as an agglutinin, 164 of 165 clinical isolates of n. gonorrhoeae gave a 3 to 4+ reaction within 6 to 8 min. four gonococcal isolates, even though negative by the fluoresecent-antibody method, gave strong positive reactions with the wheat germ lectin. among 23 isolates of neisseria meningitidis tested, which included representatives of sero-groups a, b, c,d, x, ...	1979	94598
upper respiratory tract spread of group b streptococci type i b in a kindergarten.	in a kindergarten with 42 children and 17 female staff members, an epidemic of group b streptococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract occurred. in the middle of february 1978, 6 children and 5 adults carried type i b streptococci in the throat while only 2 of these 11 were carriers 2 weeks later. only one other streptococcus, belonging to type ii, was found in the throat specimens. five strains other than type i b were found in the urogenital tract of the staff. three type i b throat carr ...	1979	37592
neisseriaceae, a group of bacteria with dihydrofolate reductases, moderately susceptible to trimethoprim.	dihydrofolate reductases of five species of the family neisseriaceae were compared by means of inhibition profiles, using several structurally different inhibitors, including trimethoprim (tmp) and pyrimethamine. all enzymes were seen to be highly susceptible to the folate analog aminopterin, but exhibited moderate susceptibility to all other inhibitors tested. approximately 200-fold higher concentrations of tmp were needed to inhibit neisserial reductases as compared to the e. coli enzyme. besi ...	1979	44939
dihydrofolate reductase from neisseria sp.	members of the genus neisseria are relatively nonsusceptible to trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. for example, the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of trimethoprim for n. gonorrhoeae ranges from 2 to 70 mug/ml, whereas the mic for escherichia coli is 0.2 mug/ml or less. in an effort to understand this difference, dihydrofolate reductase was partially purified from five neisseria species and compared with the enzyme from e. coli. n. gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate reductase w ...	1979	111611
the role of natural igg and complement in the phagocytosis of type 4 neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	the role of human serum components in the phagocytosis of logarithmic-phase type 4 neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphononuclear leukocytes was investigated. the requirement of fresh normal human serum (fhs) for optimal phagocytosis and the fixation of human immunoglobulin (igg) and complenet (c3) to the gonococcal cell surface suggested that both serum factors participate in the phagocytosis of these organisms. the percentage of neutrophils containing ingested organisms was directly propor ...	1979	118998
antibiotic susceptibility of beta-lactamase-producing strains of branhamella (neisseria) catarrhalis.	all 11 clinically significant isolates of branhamella catarrhalis examined in this study were found to produce beta-lactamase. the enzyme was apparently not plasmid associated since extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid was not detected in any of the strains. the beta-lactamase activity of all strains was significantly depressed by the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and cp 45899. based on comparisons of relative susceptibility to various beta-lactam antibiotics, it was inferred that ...	1980	6766292
penicillinase-producing neisseria gonorrhoeae in the netherlands: epidemiology and genetic and molecular characterization of their plasmids.	penicillinase-producing neisseria gonorrhoeae strains were isolated in the netherlands with increasing frequency during the period of 1976 to 1979. about 3% of the gonococci isolated in the first half of 1979 produced penicillinase. in contrast to the period of 1976 to 1977, most penicillinase-producing n. gonorrhoeae infections during the period of 1978 to 1979 were contracted in the netherlands. the results of genetic and molecular studies on 80 penicillinase-producing n. gonorrhoeae strains w ...	1980	6778387
a protein antigen characteristic of branhamella catarrhalis. serological identification of the genus.	precipitation patterns of sonicated, acid-extracted and other extracts from branhamella catarrhalis were examined by double diffusion-in-gel technique, using antiserum to b. catarrhalis. acid extract gave rise to 4 distinct precipitates. one of these lines was further studied. the bacterial component responsible for this line was trypsin-sensitive, indicating that it was a protein. it was anodally localized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. by absorption of antiserum with whole bacteria, the pre ...	1980	6781219
branhamella (neisseria) catarrhalis: criteria for laboratory identification.	eleven clinically significant isolates of branhamella catarrhalis grew well on modified thayer-martin medium and produced beta-lactamase, but did not grow on nutrient agar at 22 degrees c. minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, colistin, and trimethoprim were found to be higher than the concentrations of these antibiotics in modified thayer-martin medium. the criteria necessary for laboratory identification of b. catarrhalis are discussed.	1980	6965679
disparate cultures of middle ear fluids. results from children with bilateral otitis media.	cultures of middle ear fluids (mefs) are needed to determine both efficacy of antibiotics and vaccines, and microbiologic outcome of otitis media (om). we reviewed data on 221 children, aged 2 months to 12 years; 122 had acute otitis media (aom), 99 had asymptomatic mef. we included only streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus as pathogens. of children with aom, mef was sterile or contained nonpathogens in both ears in 51, and one or m ...	1980	6968508
formalin-treated bacteria as selective b cell mitogens in the study of lymphocytes from patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.	staphylococcus aureus strain cowan i, haemophilus influenzae, and branhamella catarrhalis that stimulate human b lymphocytes, but not t lymphocytes, were used to study the b lymphocyte function in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. lymphocytes from two patients with no circulating b cells were not stimulated to increased dna synthesis by these bacterial mitogens. the lymphocytes of six patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and normal numbers of circulating b cells responded to the bacterial mi ...	1980	6971196
high isolation rate of branhamella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in adults with acute laryngitis.	branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the nasopharynx in 55% of 40 noncompromised adult patients suffering from acute laryngitis. diplococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were found in another 5 and 8%, respectively; one patient had group a streptococci in the throat specimen. in 90% of the patients the laryngitis complaints were preceded by symptoms of an acute respiratory tract infection. two of the patients with b. catarrhalis showed a significant titre conversion against influen ...	1980	7006061
[immunologic characteristics of protein antigens of the neiseriaceae family. iii. study of delayed hypersensitivity cross reactions between different species of neisseria].	the immunological interrelations between the protein complexes of 34 strains of 12 species belonging to the family neisseriaceae were studied with the use of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in specifically sensitized guinea pigs. no statistically significant differences between the nonpathogenic species of the family neisseriaceae and the strains of n. haemolysans, n. cuniculi, n. lactamicus, n. ovis, n. elongata, n. cinerea were revealed. the preparations of branhamella catarrhalis and n. ca ...	1980	7415672
branhamella keratitis.	three cases of suppurative keratitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis are described. each presented as a localised stromal infiltrate in a previously scarred cornea. the condition responded to penicillin g and to gentamicin treatment.	1980	7448142
[penicillin-resistant branhamella catarrhalis. frequency and appropriate therapy].		1980	6907614
ophthalmia neonatorum caused by penicillin-resistant branhamella catarrhalis.		1981	6949055
new method that uses binding of immunoglobulin a to group a streptococcal immunoglobulin a fc receptors for demonstration of microbial immunoglobulin a protease activity.	a new method is described for the detection of bacterial immunoglobulin a (iga) protease which splits iga into fab and fc fragments. the method takes advantage of a recent finding that receptors for iga fragments occur commonly among type 4 group a streptococci. the bacterial preparation to be tested for protease activity was first incubated with radiolabeled purified iga1 myeloma protein, and the proportion of radioactivity bound to a standard suspension of the streptococci was then measured. s ...	1981	7016917
branhamella catarrhalis: antibiotic susceptibility and beta-lactamase production.		1981	6971288
formalin-treated bacteria as selective b cell mitogens: results in primary and acquired immunodeficiencies.	the mitogenic activity of the formalin-treated bacterial strains branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and the cowan i strain of staphylococcus aureus was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) from patients with primary immunodeficiencies, acute lymphocytic leukaemia (all), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) and in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. the bacteria selectively stimulated b cells, as demonstrated by the finding of a normal de novo dna synthesis in children with a t ...	1981	6976247
otitis media caused by beta-lactamase-producing branhamella (neisseria) catarrhalis.	a beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from the right middle ear aspiration of an otitis media in a 3-month-old girl. the patient responded well to cefamandole treatment.	1981	6970205
acute maxillary sinusitis in children.	we sought to correlate the clinical, radiographic, and bacteriologic findings in maxillary sinusitis in 30 children who had both upper-respiratory-tract symptoms and abnormal maxillary radiographs. cough, nasal discharge, and fetid breath were the most common signs, but fever was present inconsistently. facial pain or swelling and headache were prominent symptoms in older children. bacterial colony counts of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter were found in 34 of 4 ...	1981	6970333
branhamella catarrhalis as a human pathogen and a possible hospital infectant.	branhamella catarrhalis, previously named neisseria catarrhalis and supposed to be a saprophytic inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract, is a facultative pathogen. it was already proved by other authors to be able to cause serious and even lethal respiratory infections and purulent meningitis. our aim was only to call attention to its repeated and massive isolation of pure culture from nose and throat swabs of hospitalized children who mostly suffered from asthma bronchiale and spastic ...	1981	7198350
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia: report of two cases and review of the literature.	branhamella (neisseria) catarrhalis is a saprophytic inhabitant of the human oropharynx with the capacity to cause infection, particularly in immunodeficient hosts. there have been 2 cases of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia reported in the literature. two additional cases are described and the subject reviewed. an 80-yr-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with left lower lobe pneumonia. gram stain of transtracheal aspirate revealed intraleukocytic and extraleukocytic gram-neg ...	1981	7235378
branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory secretions: clinical correlation in 16 cases.	during a two-month period 24 of 1,060 (2.3%) samples of respiratory secretions submitted for culture yielded branhamella catarrhalis in quantities of more than ten colonies per primary plate. fifteen cultures were "pure" (ie, mixed only with normal throat flora). of the 16 patients with positive cultures, 14 showed preexisting disease, and 15 had respiratory symptoms. twelve of 13 patients studied showed more than 10 wbcs/lpf in the direct smear. it is concluded that b catarrhalis should be look ...	1981	7280758
branhamella catarrhalis and other bacteria in the nasopharynx of children with longstanding cough.	nasopharyngeal cultures from 180 children aged 1 to 9 were examined. all children were suffering from cough for at least 10 days. the findings were compared to those from 67 non-coughing children. bordetella pertussis was isolated from 12.2% of the children in the study group but from none of the control children. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from 66.1% of the children in the study group and from 28.3% in the control group (p less than 0.01). br. catarrhalis was more common in pure cultu ...	1981	7313564
preliminary serologic evidence for a pathogenic role of branhamella catarrhalis.	branhamella catarrhalis has been suspected, on the basis of bacteriologic culture results, to have a pathogenic role in 6%-9% of cases of acute otitis media as well as in other upper respiratory tract infections. serologic evidence of this role was obtained with use of an enzyme immunoassay to detect antibodies to b. catarrhalis. the presence of both igg and iga antibodies to branhamella in the serum and/or middle ear fluid (mef) of children with acute otitis media correlated with the isolation ...	1981	7328328
viability of six species of normal oropharyngeal bacteria after exposure to cigarette smoke in vitro.	bacteria in culture medium at 37 degrees c were subjected to eight puffs of smoke from one cigarette, and viable cell counts were done at intervals ranging from 0 min to 3 h after exposure to smoke. the cigarette contained 23.0 mg of tar and 1.4 mg of nicotine. each 25.0 ml puff of smoke from a mechanical smoking apparatus was passed over a 1.0 ml suspension of bacteria dispersed over a 25 cm2 surface in a sterile flask. filtered air was in contact with the suspension between puffs, and during t ...	1981	7339446
identification of problem neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures by standard and experimental tests.	standard and experimental tests were used by a reference diagnostic laboratory to determine the identity of 182 "suspected" neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates submitted by state health departments because of inconclusive laboratory results. more than 97% of these cultures were subsequently identified by a rapid microcarbohydrate test in conjunction with confirmatory immunological procedures. the experimental rapid slide agglutination test using rough-lipopolysaccharide antibody, the phadebact co-agg ...	1982	6804485
in vitro activity of brl 17421 against haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and branhamella catarrhalis.	brl 17421, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested in vitro against fastidious gram-negative bacteria and compared with amoxicillin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. the compound showed good activity against haemophilus influenzae (range of minimal inhibitory concentrations, 0.2 to 1 microgram/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.007 to 0.5 microgram/ml), and branhamella catarrhalis (0.03 to 0.1 microgram/ml). brl 17421 exhibited excellent stability against the tem-type beta-lactamase of h. infl ...	1982	6805422
serological classification of neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies.	hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against antigens of neisseria gonorrhoeae were obtained by the polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes from mice immunized with gonococcal protein i or outer membrane proteins. from four fusions, 16 phenotypically stable, independently cloned hybrid cell lines were selected for continued study. each of the cell lines produced a characteristically different monoclonal antibody which reacted in immunoprecipitation assa ...	1982	6807844
branhamella catarrhalis infection of the lower respiratory tract: reliable diagnosis by sputum examination.		1982	6814637
beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and their inhibition by clavulanic acid.	three of four clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis from belgium produced a beta-lactamase identical to enzymes previously reported to occur in french and british isolates of this organism. one strain, however, produced a new type of beta-lactamase. both beta-lactamase types were readily inhibited by low concentrations of clavulanic acid.	1982	6980625
staphylococcus aureus cowan i and branhamella catarrhalis as b lymphocyte mitogens. culture conditions for optimal dna synthesis and selective stimulation of human b lymphocytes.	staphylococcus aureus cowan i and branhamella catarrhalis that selectively stimulate human b lymphocytes to increased dna synthesis in serum-free culture media were shown to do so also in 3 day cultures in medium containing human serum or albumin. after this time the transformed cells expressed little or no surface-bound immunoglobulin and did not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. when lymphocytes were cultured with bacterial mitogens in the presence of serum or albumin for more than 3 days ...	1982	6980953
[respiratory tract infection with branhamella catarrhalis].		1982	6984859
the role of hydrotaea armipes fall. (diptera, muscidae) in the transmission of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.	the tests to isolate the ibk causative agent moraxella bovis from the flies hydrotaea armipes fall., captured while feeding on tears in the eye region of infected calves, have failed. many successful isolations of branhamella catarrhalis from the digestive tract of the flies and the smears taken from the eyes of the infected calves indicate that this agent is acquired by the flies while sucking tears from the eyes of the sick animals. a similar transmission is presumed by the authors with moraxe ...	1982	7061022
characterization of atypical aerobic gram-negative cocci isolated from humans.	six atypical aerobic gram-negative cocci, isolated from humans, were classified taxonomically by genetic relatedness (dna base pairs and dna homology), fatty acid content, pigment absorption profile, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics. one strain (m448), which produced acid only from glucose, was identified as neisseria meningitidis; one strain (ch), which produced acid from glucose, maltose, and sucrose, was identified as n. gonorrhoea; branhamella catarrhalis was confirmed ...	1982	7096561
a selective medium for non-pathogenic aerobic gram negative cocci from the respiratory tract: with particular reference to branhamella catarrhalis.		1982	7098779
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia.		1982	7112186
branhamella catarrhalis: pathogen or opportunist?		1982	6122859
branhamella catarrhalis.		1982	6122997
atypical croup and branhamella catarrhalis.		1982	6123864
[gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity in the family "neisseriaceae" (author's transl)].	members of the family neisseriaceae (554 strains) were screened for gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma gt) activity. gamma gt was produced by neisseria meningitidis but not produced by any strain of n. gonorrhoeae, n. lactamica and branhamella catarrhalis. most non-proteolytic acinetobacter calcoaceticus produced gamma gt whereas most a. lwoffii failed to produce gamma gt.	1982	6125120
the igg subclass responses of human lymphocytes to b-cell activators.	the induction of igg synthesis by normal human lymphocytes in response to a range of b-cell activators has been studied by indirect cytoplasmic immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to the four igg subclasses. considerable variation was found between cells from different donors tested with the same activator but the following trends were observed:- epstein-barr virus and branhamella catarrhalis induced a predominantly igg3 response, whereas the most prevalent cells in cultures stimulate ...	1983	6311731
latamoxef (moxalactam) in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	forty-three patients admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with latamoxef (moxalactam) twice daily intramuscularly for 10 days. five patients received 0.5 g injections, 23 patients 1 g and 15 patients were given 2 g. three patients dropped out of the study; one died suddenly, one was treated with another antibiotic because of suspected gram-negative pneumonia and one developed pneumococcal septicaemia after the active treatment course. most strains ...	1983	6219980
[branhamella catarrhalis in infectious pathology of the respiratory tract].	branhamella catarrhalis has long been considered as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract. however, since 1972 several studies have shown that it can be responsible for respiratory tract infections. by isolating this micro-organism in sputum or nasal smear of 44 hospital patients we were able to confirm this finding, while delineating some of the clinical features of the infections observed. in all 44 patients these were mild infections, yet treatment appeared to be necessary in view of the ...	1983	6226017
branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of bacteremic pneumonia.	a new enzyme immunoassay was used to confirm the pathogenetic role of branhamella catarrhalis in a diabetic young man with pneumonia affecting the left lower lobe with pleural involvement. his temperature rise was only minimal, but his esr and blood leucocyte count were elevated and one blood culture grew b. catarrhalis. the levels of branhamella antibodies of the igg and iga classes were high and rose during the infection.	1983	6342127
development of a test system for rapid differentiation of neisseria and haemophilus spp.	a qualitative micromethod (ids rapid nh system) employing conventional and single-substrate enzyme tests was developed for the biochemical characterization of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other gram-negative species. a total of over 140 dehydrated, miniaturized biochemical tests were investigated for their ability to distinguish species. computer-assisted test selection and pair separation analysis of the data allowed the selection of 11 4-h tests that would identify haemophilus and nei ...	1983	6358247
antibiotic sensitivity of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and branhamella catarrhalis isolated from upper respiratory tract infections in sweden.	isolates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and branhamella catarrhalis were collected from five laboratories in different geographical areas in sweden. nine hundred and fortyfour strains were tested by the agar dilution method for susceptibility to seven oral antibiotics: phenoximethylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, erythromycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. the h. influenzae and b. catarrhalis strains were also teste ...	1983	6359377
acute otitis media in older children and adults treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin or erythromycin stearate. bacteriological and immunological aspects.	seventy-eight patients, all over 10 years of age, with clinical signs of acute otitis media, received either phenoxymethyl penicillin or erythromycin stearate, in a randomized manner, and the clinical, bacteriological and immunological effects were studied. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae were the major pathogens isolated from the nasopharynx in 30 and 28 patients, respectively. increased levels of c-reactive protein (crp) were detected in 53 (68%) of the patients. there was ...	1983	6416018
bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis.	over six months branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from the sputum of 81 patients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. of 38 patients who were infected in the community, over half required admission to hospital. the remaining 43 patients acquired the infection in hospital. forty one of the 81 isolates produced beta-lactamase, 24 of these being hospital acquired infections. as a result 40% of patients who were treated with ampicillin did not respond. most patients ...	1983	6416451
the antimicrobial activity of cephalexin against old and new pathogens.	the present report reviews the significant in vitro characteristics of cephalexin based on data published since 1967 (wick, 1967). whenever possible, current data on the action spectrum of cephalexin are compared with previous results, and the significance of in vitro activity to therapeutic efficacy is evaluated in the light of current clinical reports. recent observations are presented on the in vitro action of cephalexin against newly recognized bacterial pathogens, such as beta-lactamase-pro ...	1983	6364091
clinical aspects on bacterial infections in the upper respiratory tract.	acute respiratory tract infections represent the major cause of morbidity in younger age groups. most of these infections involve the upper respiratory tract. the frequency of respiratory tract infections vary not only with age, but also with season of the year and the epidemiological situation. surveys of the incidence and aetiology of these infections must therefore cover large populations during relatively long periods of time. in the developed countries, the mortality in respiratory tract in ...	1983	6580730
treatment of maxillary sinusitis.	most patients with sinusitis are treated by general practitioners. since these doctors generally do not puncture the maxillary sinus, they can not be certain that the patient has a purulent sinus infection, which is the most important sign for determining whether or not the patient should have an antibiotic. thus, the doctor has to rely on symptoms that are most characteristic of a purulent sinusitis. the symptoms are described and the bacteria most frequently seen in sinusitis are mentioned (ha ...	1983	6580735
bacteriological aspects of infections of the upper respiratory tract.	in this introductory presentation, the bacteriology of acute otitis media, sinusitis and orofacial infections is surveyed, and recent data on antibiotic resistance of the most common pathogenic bacteria are reported. in addition, the difference in the immunogenic effect of capsular polysaccharides from pneumococci and haemophilus influenzae in children of different ages is mentioned. in acute otitis media and sinusitis, pneumococci and h. influenzae are the most common isolates followed in frequ ...	1983	6580737
beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis causing otitis media in children.		1983	6600498
emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of branhamella catarrhalis as important agents of acute otitis media.	we performed a prospective study to monitor changes in the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media. branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from middle ear exudates of 3 of 47 children (6.4%) studied between september 1979 and september 1980 and from 26 of 98 children (26.5%) studied between october 1980 and february 1982 (p = 0.0055). twenty of 26 b. catarrhalis strains (76.9%) were found to be resistant to ampicillin and to produce beta-lactamase. in contrast only 2 of 26 strains of haemophilus ...	1983	6601266
fatal sepsis due to branhamella catarrhalis and hemophilus influenzae in a child with selective igg deficiency.		1983	6603206
transfer of beta-lactamase production in branhamella catarrhalis.	a beta-lactamase positive branhamella catarrhalis strain, b.c. 002 pcr, is described. the strain has the ability to transfer beta-lactamase production. the strain was isolated from nasopharynx in an adult patient with long-standing laryngitis. it showed atypical colony morphology.	1983	6603655
nasopharyngeal flora and acute otitis media.	a semiquantitative nasopharyngeal culture was found to be sensitive and specific in predicting middle ear pathogens in children with acute bacterial otitis media. in nasopharyngeal specimens with growth of at least 1,000 colonies, the tympanocentesis isolate was present and was either the predominant isolate or accounted for 50% of growth in 16 of 16 children. data suggest that virulence of nasopharyngeal organisms plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. qualitative differences w ...	1983	6604029
the origin and properties of beta-lactamase satellite bands seen in isoelectric focusing.	citrobacter diversus 2046e and branhamella catarrhalis 2001e each produce a constitutive, chromosomally mediated broad-spectrum beta-lactamase. isoelectric focusing of both enzymes revealed patterns of multiple 'satellite' bands. the principal satellite bands of each enzyme were isolated and characterized. individual bands of each enzyme gave similar substrate profiles, molecular weights and responses to inhibitors to one another. the results support the theory that satellite bands are due to th ...	1983	6604722
influence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae on certain beta-lactam antibiotics.	ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefaclor and cefuroxime were exposed to strains of branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae with and without ability to produce beta-lactamase. the antibiotics were dissolved in phosphate buffer at ph 6, 7 and 8 and the mean enzyme activity was calculated from decrease in peak heights by the hplc technique. cefuroxime was the most stable drug regardless of ph. for the other antibiotics, changes in ph influenced the results. in infectious processes factors ...	1983	6605337
antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis.	the efficacy of nine oral antibiotics were analyzed by the agar dilution method against clinical isolates consisting of 87 beta-lactamase positive and negative haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis strains and 30 streptococcus pneumoniae strains. the following drugs were tested: cefaclor, cefalexin, cefadroxil, cefradin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, erythromycin and doxycycline. inoculations of 10(4) bacteria/plate were made with a steers inoculator on mueller-h ...	1983	6606222
bacteria in enteric lesions of cattle.	thirty-nine species of bacteria were isolated from or demonstrated in the abomasal and small and large intestinal mucosa of 23 adult cattle and 41 calves and identified. the bacteria isolated were related to the gross and microscopical lesions. campylobacters, clostridium perfringens type a, c sordellii, actinobacillus lignieresii, fusobacterium necrophorum, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, aeromonas hydrophila and escherichia coli were all associated with specific lesions. the relationship of ot ...	1983	6829137
branhamella catarrhalis conjunctivitis.		1983	6831342
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia.	the diagnosis of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in five cases was established by culture of pulmonary secretions obtained by transtracheal aspiration. b catarrhalis caused an acute lobar pneumonia which usually responded promptly to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. recognition that this organism may cause pneumonia in a nonimmunocompromised person should alert clinicians to consider it as a possible pathogen when gramnegative diplococci are seen on smears of specimens from the lower respira ...	1983	6837019
single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in pediatric patients.	pharmacokinetics of a parenteral formulation comprised of 5 parts of amoxicillin and 1 part of clavulanic acid were determined in 12 pediatric patients, 2 to 14 years of age. a single dose amounting to 25 mg of amoxicillin and 5 mg of clavulanic acid per kg of body weight was infused intravenously over 2 min. mean plasma concentrations 5 min after dosing were 89.4 micrograms of amoxicillin per ml and 19.5 micrograms of clavulanic acid per ml. terminal phase plasma half-lives were 1.2 and 0.8 h, ...	1983	6838187
modified oxidation-fermentation medium for detection of acid production from carbohydrates by neisseria spp. and branhamella catarrhalis.	a modified oxidation-fermentation medium was developed as a practical medium for highly sensitive and specific detection of acid production from carbohydrates by neisseria spp. and branhamella catarrhalis. a total of 756 strains representing 17 neisseria spp. and branhamella catarrhalis were tested in this medium, in which the protein concentration was reduced relative to the carbohydrate concentration, phenol red was substituted for bromthymol blue at a low concentration, and the initial ph was ...	1983	6885992
a case of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis due to branhamella catarrhalis.		1983	6633303
isolation of branhamella catarrhalis from sputum and tracheal aspirate.	branhamella catarrhalis was suggested by the presence of gram-negative intracellular diplococci and confirmed by quantitative culture of the expectorated sputa of 11 patients with clinical evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. in quantitative culture, more than 20 colonies of b. catarrhalis were seen in each of the liquefied expectorated sputa at a dilution of 10(-7). transtracheal aspirations were then performed on these 11 patients, and b. catarrhalis was isolated from the lower respi ...	1983	6643672
presence of a new cytochrome b - like pigment with a peak at 567 nm in various aerobic bacteria.	several physiological groups of bacteria were examined for the presence of a cytochrome b - like pigment which is demonstrable in dithionite-reduced minus substrate-reduced difference spectra. this pigment is characterized by an unusually high alpha band at 567 nm, a low concentration relative to conventional cytochromes, and an inability to be fully reduced by endogenous substrates or nadh. previous studies with one denitrifying and nondenitrifying species of the genus pseudomonas, in paracoccu ...	1983	6652580
branhamella catarrhalis septic arthritis.	an adult with spontaneous septic arthritis due to branhamella catarrhalis is described and the literature reviewed. b. catarrhalis is an organism similar to the neisseria species and has been implicated in a variety of systemic infections. as it is frequently resistant to penicillin, cephamycins or third generation cephalosporins may be the empiric drugs of choice for infections caused by this organism.	1983	6663601
branhamella catarrhalis conjunctivitis.		1983	6671177
branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia and immunoglobulin abnormalities: a new association.	a case of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in a patient with multiple myeloma is reported. with the inclusion of this case, 5 of 17 (29.4%) reported cases of branhamella pneumonia or empyema have occurred in patients with underlying diseases associated with immunoglobulin abnormalities. this strong clinical association suggests that qualitatively and quantitatively normal immunoglobulins are important host defense mechanisms in preventing infection with this pathogen. the sputum gram stain demo ...	1984	6721286
asthma and bacterial sinusitis in children.	signs, symptoms, and radiographic abnormalities of sinusitis are frequent in children with asthma; it is not known whether sinus inflammation is associated with bacterial infection or other mechanisms. eight asthmatic patients with exacerbation of asthma despite bronchodilator therapy were studied after maxillary sinusitis was confirmed by radiographs. all had cough, wheezing, nasal stuffiness, rhinorrhea and were afebrile. four patients had headaches, and two had facial pain. maxillary sinus as ...	1984	6747140
branhamella catarrhalis: antibiotic sensitivities and beta-lactamases.	twenty-eight strains of branhamella catarrhalis, isolated from patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, were tested both for beta-lactamase production and for sensitivity to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. a microtitre broth dilution technique was used for the latter and the mic50, mic90, and geometric mean mic values were all calculated. eleven strains were found to produce beta-lactamases. isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels showed four different band patterns, of ...	1984	6607919
the effect of erythromycin on the nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with secretory otitis media.	seventy-five children not older than 11 years, with secretory otitis media of more than 3 months' duration were randomly divided into two groups prior to myringotomy. one group remained untreated, whereas the other received erythromycin ethylsuccinate (abboticin) in standard dosage for the last 10 days before surgery. nasopharyngeal cultures were taken under general anaesthesia, which ensured an uniform mode of sampling. in the erythromycin-treated group the occurrence of streptococcus pneumonia ...	1984	6609521
emergence of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the oropharynx of children following penicillin chemotherapy.	the acquisition of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated in 21 children treated with penicillin for otitis media or pharyngitis and in 18 untreated control children. beta-lactamase-producers were isolated in three children before and in ten children after treatment (p = 0.04). although the variety of bacterial species isolated did not change following treatment, beta-lactamase-producing bacteroides melaninogenicus, b. oralis, and branhamella catarrhalis were en ...	1984	6609794
intrageneric and intergeneric transfer of branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase production.	intrageneric and intergeneric conjugational transfer of beta-lactamase production to a branhamella catarrhalis recipient is described. the branhamella donor strains were fresh isolates subcultured onto penicillin-containing media directly from the primary plates. a beta-lactamase positive moraxella nonliquefaciens served as donor in the intergeneric matings. the substrate profiles of the branhamella and moraxella enzymes were indistinguishable as determined by biological assays. excessive endonu ...	1984	6610925
branhamella catarrhalis septicaemia in a granulocytopenic patient.	a patient with acute leukaemia developed a maxillary sinusitis and septicaemia with branhamella catarrhalis during the period of bone marrow hypoplasia. one blood culture also grew staphylococcus aureus. in the same period, the patient developed tender red skin lesions and disseminated intra-vascular coagulation. the patient recovered when therapy with high dosages of amoxicillin was instituted. at the same time, however, the bone marrow recovered.	1984	6590467
bacterial infections of the upper respiratory airways and beta-lactam antibiotics.	infections of the upper respiratory tract, including the middle ear cleft, still create therapeutic problems. although rhinitis is usually a virus infection, the infection of the paranasal sinuses are almost invariably of bacterial origin. pneumococci, h. influenzae and anaerobes are the bacterial species most frequently isolated. in acute otitis media, pneumococci, h. influenzae and as demonstrated during the last few years, branhamella catarrhalis constitutes the main pathogens. anaerobes domi ...	1984	6597557
beta-lactam antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections.	like in any infection, the choice of antibacterials in pulmonary infections of known bacterial etiology is simple. when etiology is not known, the choice must rest upon knowledge of the epidemiology of lower respiratory infections and the antibacterial spectrum of the antibiotics in question. the epidemiology of community-acquired lower respiratory infections is not too well studied. however, some studies indicate that approximately 50% of lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria amon ...	1984	6597558
use of the api neident system for identification of pathogenic neisseria spp. and branhamella catarrhalis.	the api neident system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) was evaluated for identifying neisseria spp. and branhamella catarrhalis commonly isolated from clinical specimens. the system identified 90% of 303 neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates, 71% of 113 neisseria meningitidis isolates, and 63% of 16 neisseria lactamica isolates but failed to identify any of 22 b. catarrhalis isolates. testing of gonococcal strains of various auxotypes revealed no relationship between nutritional requirements and n ...	1984	6371040
the significance of nongonococcal, nonmeningococcal neisseria isolates from blood cultures.	nongonococcal, nonmeningococcal neisseriae are part of the normal respiratory flora and infrequently cause disease. these organisms include neisseria lactamica, neisseria mucosa, neisseria sicca, neisseria flavescens, neisseria subflava , neisseria perflava , neisseria flava , and branhamella catarrhalis (previously classified as neisseria catarrhalis). blood cultures positive for these bacteria have been associated with serious infections, including endocarditis, septicemia, and meningitis. in ...	1984	6374834
secretory otitis media: microbiology of the middle ear and the nasopharynx.	specimens for bacterial culture were obtained from 117 children with secretory otitis media (som). from the nasopharynx streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and group a streptococci were isolated in 79% of the patients. of 168 ear exudates, 30 yielded growth (18%) from 26 of the patients (22%). pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides could not be detected in exudates assayed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. the recovery rate of bacteria from the ear exudates wa ...	1984	6387891