Publications

dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for differentiation of members of the family legionellaceae.	the addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family legionellaceae. on this medium, legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than ...	1981	7009642
isolation of pittsburgh pneumonia agent from a hospital shower.	tatlockia (legionella) micdadei, the pittsburgh pneumonia agent, was isolated from a hospital shower. although it was not possible, at the current time, to establish an epidemiological link to disease acquisition, this information may be significant because it provides further evidence that a water-associated reservoir of this organism exists within the hospital.	1982	7073279
antigenic analysis of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei (legionella micdadei) by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis.	the antigens of the six serogroups of legionella pneumophila were compared by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis by using rabbit antisera to serogroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. the close relationship among the serogroups was shown by the fact that 27 of the 31 antigens demonstrated so far were common. however, distinctive group-specific antigens with slow electrophoretic mobility were observed for serogroups 1, 2, 3, and 4. when intact serogroup 1 organisms were extracted with edta, the group ...	1982	6173328
cross-reactions between legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) and twenty-eight other bacterial species, including other members of the family legionellaceae.	cross-reactions between legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 28 other bacterial species were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. a sonicated l. pneumophila antigen and purified homologous rabbit antibody were used as a reference system. few antigens (0 to 6) cross-reacted with non-legionellaceae, but two were found in nearly all gram-negative bacteria tested (antigens no. 1 and 66). antigen no. 66 of the l. pneumophila reference system was shown to be antigenicall ...	1983	6404825
electrophoretic characterization of soluble protein extracts of legionella pneumophila and other members of the family legionellaceae.	the soluble peptides of strains of legionella pneumophila, tatlockia micdadei, fluoribacter bozemanae, fluoribacter dumoffii, and fluoribacter gormanii were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. characteristic patterns were seen for legionella and tatlockia strains, whereas the patterns for the fluoribacter strains were variable as would be expected for this genetically heterogeneous group. grouping by peptide pattern was consistent with proposed taxons based on dna-dna homology. by usi ...	1983	6874904
plasmid transfer into members of the family legionellaceae.	the plasmids rp4 and pph1ji::mu::tn5 were transferred with moderate frequency from escherichia coli to legionella pneumophila (strain bloomington 2) and fluoribacter (legionella) bozemanae (strain wiga). the frequency of transfer to tatlockia (legionella) micdadei (strain tatlock) was much lower. in these transconjugant strains the plasmids were maintained following at least 10 nonselective passages. however, the introduced plasmids could not be transferred from these strains to several other st ...	1984	6491366
clinical laboratory differentiation of legionellaceae family members with pigment production and fluorescence on media supplemented with aromatic substrates.	a systematic study of pigment production (browning) and fluorescence (extracellular yellow-green and intracellular blue-white) by nine legionellaceae species was performed. a total of 56 strains representing tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent), legionella pneumophila, legionella jordanis, legionella longbeachae, legionella oakridgensis, legionella wadsworthii, fluoribacter bozemanae, fluoribacter gormanii, and fluoribacter dumoffii could be separated on media supplemented with tyrosi ...	1984	6547453
pneumonia caused by pittsburgh pneumonia agent: radiologic manifestations.	using an objective scoring system, chest radiographs were reviewed in 23 cases of pneumonia due to the pittsburgh pneumonia agent (ppa, tatlockia micdadei, legionella micdadei), including six cases of pneumonia with simultaneous isolation of ppa and l pneumophila (legionnaires' disease). infiltrates were typically segmental to lobar; nodular infiltrates were noted in three cases. spread to additional lobes after presentation occurred in four of 17 ppa infections. pneumonia caused by both ppa and ...	1984	6695060
ecological distribution of legionellaceae in the quebec city area.	one hundred environmental water samples, which were collected in the quebec city area and cultured on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium and three selective media, were inoculated to guinea pigs and were screened by direct immunofluorescent staining (dfa) for the presence of legionellaceae. six isolates were made (four legionella pneumophila and two tatlockia (legionella) micdadei: three by animal inoculation and three by culture). no samples were simultaneously positive by both methods. aft ...	1984	6713304
capillary gas chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates of legionella pneumophila and other members of the family legionellaceae.	legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires disease, and related organisms have previously been characterized primarily by conventional bacteriological methods, dna-dna hybridization, antigenic analysis, and fatty acid analysis. by capillary gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrates, we have shown that muramic acid and glucosamine, characteristic markers of bacterial cell walls, were present in samples of l. pneumophila and a group of legionella-like organisms. some bacteria ...	1984	6715510
agglutinating antibody titers to members of the family legionellaceae in cystic fibrosis patients as a result of cross-reacting antibodies to pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and significance of antibody titers to organisms in the family legionellaceae in 128 serum samples collected from cystic fibrosis patients at routine examinations. antibody titers were determined for 10 antigenic types of legionellaceae; legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, fluoribacter (legionella) bozemanae, fluoribacter (legionella) dumoffii, fluoribacter (legionella) gormanii, and tatlockia (legionella) micdadei. the method of a ...	1984	6206086
tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) growth kinetics may explain its infrequent isolation from water and the low prevalence of pittsburgh pneumonia.	sediment and indigenous microflora taken from water distribution systems has been shown to promote the survival of legionella pneumophila. the effect of sediment and indigenous microflora on tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent, ppa) was evaluated by growth curve experiments. symbiosis between ppa and environmental bacteria was demonstrated by satellitism experiments. unlike l. pneumophila, the concentration of ppa remained stationary in test tube suspensions containing both microflora ...	1985	4015089
prevalence of legionnaires' disease in pneumonia patients admitted to a danish department of infectious diseases.	during a 14-month study period, 92 patients admitted to the university clinic for infectious diseases with pneumonia were investigated to determine the prevalence and severity of legionnaires' disease (ld). the diagnosis of ld was based on positive serology. antibodies to 10 different legionella antigens--legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6, fluoribacter (legionella) bozemanae, f. dumoffii, f. gormanii, and tatlockia (legionella) micdadei--were measured by the microagglutination (ma) and indir ...	1986	3532303
a note on symbiosis of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei with human respiratory flora.	sixteen micro-organisms, representing clinically important respiratory microflora, were tested for their ability to stimulate the growth of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei in nutritionally-deficient agar media. nutritional symbiosis, indicated by the appearance of satellite colonies of l. pneumophila or t. micdadei, was observed for h. influenzae and n. meningitidis. this interaction between normal flora and pathogens of the respiratory tract may have clinical relevance in the path ...	1986	3087929
legionella species as hospital-acquired respiratory pathogens.	nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella is an increasingly recognized entity. legionella sp responsible for documented nosocomial disease include legionella pneumophila, tatlockia micdadei, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffi and legionella oakridgensis. the clinical presentation is nonspecific although diarrhea occurs frequently. hyponatremia occurs significantly more frequently in legionnaires' disease than pneumonias caused by other agents. chest roentgenographic findings are nonspecif ...	1987	3321265
the radiologic manifestations of legionella pneumonia.	a number of radiologic features on chest x-ray may aid in diagnosis and management of the patient with legionella infection. the infiltrates in legionnaires' disease frequently progress despite initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. pleural effusion is common and occasionally seen even in the absence of lung field infiltrates. pleural-based infiltrates associated with pleuritic pain may mimic pulmonary embolism. circumscribed peripheral densities are commonly seen in immunosuppressed pati ...	1987	3328894
infections caused by the pittsburgh pneumonia agent.	of the legionellaceae family, pittsburgh pneumonia agent (tatlockia micdadei, legionella micdadei) is second only to legionella pneumophila in causing human pneumonia. in nosocomial infection, the patients tend to be immunosuppressed. the clinical presentation is nonspecific, although in immunosuppressed hosts the presentation may mimic that of pulmonary embolus (pleuritic chest pain, nonproductive cough, pleural-based densities on chest rontgenogram). the reservoir for the organism is water, an ...	1987	3328896
application of numerical systematics to the phenotypic differentiation of legionellae.	a total of 163 strains, including 106 strains of legionella pneumophila, 28 strains of tatlockia micdadei, and 29 strains of other legionellae (including members of the proposed genus fluoribacter), were studied. ten tests which together could distinguish the genera previously proposed were identified. these tests included catalase-peroxidase, gelatinase, hippurate hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, medium browning, acetoin production, oxidase, medium fluorescence, colony fluorescence, and the bromc ...	1989	2550514
disease due to the legionellaceae (other than legionella pneumophila). historical, microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological review.	more than 20 species of the legionellaceae family of bacteria have been discovered since the discovery of legionella pneumophila. thirteen have been implicated as causative agents of pneumonia including the pittsburgh pneumonia agent (tatlockia micdadei, legionella micdadei). although outbreaks of nosocomial pneumonia in immunosuppressed hosts have been well-described, most cases have occurred sporadically in the community. the spectrum of disease ranges from severe life-threatening pneumonia to ...	1989	2646508
chemotaxonomic differentiation of legionellae by detection and characterization of aminodideoxyhexoses and other unique sugars using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	legionellae have been differentiated previously by analyzing their carbohydrate contents by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. in the present study, total ion mode gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) was used to detect a number of unusual sugars, including one that is structurally related to o-methyldideoxyheptoses. increased sensitivity and selectivity for carbohydrate detection was achieved by selected ion-monitoring gc-ms. two of the uncommon sugars previously discov ...	1990	2324276
the use of 16s ribosomal rna analyses to investigate the phylogeny of the family legionellaceae.	the 16s ribosomal rna sequences of legionella pneumophila, l. erythra, l. hackeliae, l. spiritensis, l. longbeachae, l. bozemanii (fluoribacter bozemanae) and l. micdadei (tatlockia micdadei) were determined using reverse transcriptase. the sequences were compared with published sequences for gram-negative bacteria and phylogenetic trees were constructed. the data confirm previous work which showed that the family legionellaceae forms a monophyletic subgroup within the gamma subdivision of the p ...	1991	1713950
properties of the genus tatlockia. differentiation of tatlockia (legionella) maceachernii and micdadei from each other and from other legionellae.	the biochemical reactions, carbohydrate content, and 16s-rrna sequences of tatlockia (legionella) maceachernii and tatlockia micdadei strains were studied. except for catalase activity, tatlockia strains were relatively inert in the biochemical tests commonly used in clinical laboratories. phenotypically, the two tatlockia species could be distinguished from other legionellae by the presence of yersiniose a, by their inability to hydrolyze hippurate or starch, by the absence of colony or media f ...	1993	8330260