Publications

flagellation and taxonomy of acetobacter and acetomonas.		1958	13595644
energy production in gluconobacter liquefaciens.		1962	13917565
flagellation of "gluconobacter" melanogenus.		1962	13963794
systematic position of gluconobacter liquefaciens.		1963	14032736
polyol dehydrogenases of gluconobacter oxydans.		1965	14284764
5-keto-d-fructose. i. chemical characterization and analytical determination of the dicarbonylhexose produced by gluconobacter cerinus.		1965	14304828
5-keto-d-fructose. ii. patterns of formation and of associated dehydrogenase activities in gluconobacter cerinus.		1965	14304829
acetolactate metabolism and the presence of a dihydroxy acid dehydratase in micro-organisms.	1. the growth characteristics of nine micro-organisms on complex broth and defined media, usually with a single nitrogen source (other than vitamins), were examined as a necessary step before growth of cells for enzyme assays. six of these bacteria gave a positive colour test with a creatine-potassium hydroxide reagent, indicating the presence of acetoin, which other investigators have shown is formed via the intermediate, alpha-acetolactate. 2. cell-free extracts of exponential-phase cells of b ...	1965	14348203
5-keto-d-fructose. iv. a specific reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked reductase from gluconobacter cerinus.		1966	4379259
[ethanol as source of energy but not of carbon in acetomonas oxydans].		1967	5591329
the oxidation of d-quinate and related acids by acetomonas oxydans.	1. growing cells of a small number of strains of acetomonas oxydans oxidized d-quinate to 5-dehydroquinate. 2. d-shikimate was oxidized to 4,5-dihydroxy-3-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (3-dehydroshikimate, formerly 5-dehydroshikimate). 3. d-dihydroshikimate was oxidized to the corresponding 5-dehydro compound, but epidihydroshikimate oxidation by growing cells was not observed. 4. cell-free extracts oxidized d-quinate to 5-dehydroquinate with the consumption of the stoicheiometric amount of ox ...	1967	6030289
[utilization of ethanol by acetomonas oxydans].		1968	5727910
purification and properties of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked aldohexose dehydrogeanse from gluconobacter cerinus.		1968	4384672
enzymatic studies on the oxidation of sugar and sugar alcohol. 8. particle-bound l-sorbose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter suboxydans.		1969	5354025
the fermentation of l-sorbose by gluconobacter melanogenus. ii. inducible formation of enzyme catalyzing conversion of l-sorbose to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid.		1972	5071667
the fermentation of l-sorbose by gluconobacter melanogenus. i. general characteristics of the fermentation.		1972	4403668
myo-inositol dehydrogenase(s) from acetomonas oxydans. optimization of conditions for solubilization of membrane-bound enzyme.	methods are described for the first reported successful isolation of the soluble form of the membrane-bound myo-inositol dehydrogenase(s) from acetomonas oxydans. conditions for optimum yields of active enzyme in a crude membrane-free protein extract were established. the relevant conditions are (a) cell rupture by solid-shearing, (b) solubilization of the complete 60000g pellet with sodium deoxycholate at ph7.2, (c) rapid separation of the released protein from sodium deoxycholate by gel chroma ...	1974	4214535
5-keto-d-fructose: formation and utilization in the course of d-fructose as similation by gluconabacter cerinus.	the accumulation of 5-keto-d-fructose (5kf) by gluconobacter cerinus grown on d-fructose in unbuffered medium was shown to be optimal at ph 4.0 after cell growth ceased. during the exponential phase of growth or at neutral ph after the onset of the stationary phase, 5kf production continued but did not accumulate because of its rapid reutilization by reduction to d-fructose. the extent of isotope incorporation into c5 of ribonucleic acid ribose when cells were grown in the presence of specifical ...	1974	4151451
metabolic consequences of a block in the synthesis of 5-keto-d-fructose in a mutant of gluconobacter cerinus.	a mutant of gluconobacter cerinus var. ammoniacus, ifo 3267, has been isolated which is deficient with respect to fructose 5-dehydrogenase, the enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of d-fructose to 5-keto-d-fructose (5 kf). growth of this mutant on fructose as the sole carbon source was impaired unless the culture medium was supplemented with 5 kf. significant randomization of the 1 and 6 positions of fructose has been reported previously for the wild-type organism during growth on this ketohexose. t ...	1974	4853173
intracytoplasmic membrane formation and increased oxidation of glycerol growth of gluconobacter oxydans.	gluconobacter oxydans is well known for the limited oxidation of compounds and rapid excretion of industrially important oxidation products. the dehydrogenases responsible for these oxidations are reportedly bound to the cell's plasma membrane. this report demonstrates that fully viable g. oxydans differentiates at the end of exponential growth by forming dense regions at the end of each cell observed with the light microscope. when these cells were thin sectioned, their polar regions contained ...	1975	1158848
regulation of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase in acetic acid bacteria.	the regulation of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase has been studied in three acetobacter and two gluconobacter species. both enzymes were regulated by feedback inhibition. aspartokinase was inhibited by l-threonine and concertedly inhibited by l-threonine plus l-lysine. the homoserine dehydrogenase was nadp-specific and was inhibited by l-threonine. separation of the two enzymes by ammonium sulphate fractionation was possible in acetobacter peroxydans, a. rancens and gluconobacter mela ...	1975	168808
stimulation by organic solvents and detergents of conversion of l-sorbose to l-sorbosone by gluconobacter melanogenus ifo 3293.	treatment of gluconobacter melanogenus ifo 3293 cells with benzene, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, deoxycholate, toluene, or xylene stimulated their conversion of l-sorbose to l-sorbosone two- to threefold. the degree of stimulation depended upon the length of exposure time to the agent and the age of the g. melanogenus cells. a rapid decrease in viability of the cells and degradation of cell rna was noted after treatment with the effective agents. the g. melanogenus cells were unable to abs ...	1975	171012
5-keto-d-fructose reductase from gluconobacter cerinus-1.		1975	236428
aldohexose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter cerinus-1.		1975	236431
new mechanisms for the biosynthesis and metabolism of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid in bacteria.	l-sorbose is oxidized to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (kga) via the following sequence of reactions which we call the "sorbosone pathway": l-sorbose in equilibrium l-sorbosone leads to kga. the first step is reversible and is mediated by enzymes found in a soluble fraction obtained from pseudomonas putida atcc 21812. although no cofactor requirements were found for the forward reaction, the reverse reaction clearly required nadh. enzymes for this nadh-dependent synthesis of l-sorbose could be different ...	1975	1182275
microbiology of ripening honey.	two main groups of bacteria, classified as gluconobacter and lactobacillus, are present in ripening honey. a third bacterial group, classified as zymomonas, and several types of yeast are occasionally isolated. both in natural honey and in synthetic syrup the bacterial population decreases in the course of the ripening process. lactobacillus and gluconobacter disappear after minimum moisture (about 18%) is reached, but the former does so sooner than the latter. the presence of these bacteria in ...	1975	16350044
[effect on glucose on levansucrase synthesis by gluconobacter oxydans].	the effect of glucose on synthesis of levansucrase was studied with gluconobacter oxydans l-1. glucose added to the nutritional medium containing sucrose was found to supress its degradation by g. oxydans l-1. at the same time, the lag phase became shorter. synthesis of levansucrase was inhibited in the nutritional medium containing glucose while the enzymatic activity increased proportionally to the amount of bacterial biomass in the medium containing sorbitol. addition of glucose to the nutrit ...	1976	1032986
resolution and complementation of the labile l-leucine-pyruvate transaminase. an intermediate during enzyme formation under nitrogen starvation in gluconobacter suboxydans.	l-leucine-pyruvate transaminase (mol. wt. 70 000) in gluconobactersuboxydans synthesized during nitrogen starvation contained a labile form which changed to the stable one later. the labile enzyme (mol. wt. 70 000) dissocated to the two proteinaceous components: a cationic one (mol. wt. 10 000--20 000) and an anionic one (mol. wt. 50 000--60 000), during column chromatography on deae-cellulose. the enzyme activity was reconstructed when they were mixed. the reconstructed enzyme had almost the sa ...	1976	1009128
an ornithine-containing lipid isolated from gluconobacter cerinus.	the three ornithine-containing lipids of gluconobacter cerinus were isolated from each other. one of the three lipids was postulated as nalpha-3-hydroxypalmitoylornithine, to the fatty acid moiety of which 2-hydroxy fatty acid is linked by an ester linkage. the 2-hydroxy acid was possibly cis-11, 12-methylene-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate. such an ornithine-containing lipid was found to be distributed in other acetic acid bacteria.	1976	990302
[raffinose metabolism in gluconobacter oxydans].	metabolism of raffinose has been examined in experiments with the growing culture and washed cells of gluconobacter oxydans l-1. degradtion of the trisaccharide was found to be catalyzed by levansucrase, levan being synthesized, and melibiose and small quantitites of fructose being liberated in the reaction. melibiose is not hydrolyzed and is not used by the bacterium as a source of carbon, but is oxidized to melibionic acid. fructose is assimilated by the bacterium in constructive metabolism, b ...	1976	933868
change in quantity of lipids and cell size during intracytoplasmic membrane formation in gluconobacter oxydans.	electron microscopy previously revealed that gluconobacter oxydans differentiates by forming quantities of intracytoplasmic membranes at the end of exponential growth. it was also shown that the formation of these membranes appears concurrently with an increased rate of polyol oxidation. in the present study, exponential-phase cells devoid of intracytoplasmic membranes were harvested and the quantity of free lipid was determined. this quantity was compared with that extracted from cells harveste ...	1976	1254552
conversion of l-sorbose to l-sorbosone by immobilized cells of gluconobacter melanogenus ifo 3293.	gluconobacter melanogenus ifo 3293 cells capable of converting l-sorbose to l-sorbosone were immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. the preferred polymer composition for high activity and stability was determined to contain a total monomer concentration of 7.2% and 16.6% crosslinking agent. no significant differences in optimal conditions for conversion, e.g., ph and temperature, were found in comparison with free cell suspensions. however, in the absence of l-sorbose, the thermal stability of immob ...	1976	1252610
myo-inositol dehydrogenase(s) from acetomonas oxydans.	experimental studies have been undertaken with a view of isolation of the enzyme(s) responsible for the stereospecific oxidation of myo-inositol. a partial fractionation has been achieved and the properties of this extract examined. results show that the active enzyme may well have a cytochrome component and there is indication that the stereospecificity of acetomonas oxydans results from permease as opposed to dehydrogenase activity. kinetic experiments suggest that only one type of active enzy ...	1977	887081
5-deoxy-5-fluoro-l-sorbose originating from 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucitol by fermentation with acetomonas oxydans.	using fermentation with a selected strain of acetomonas oxydans it was possible to convert 2-deoxy-2-fluro-d-glucitol to 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-l-sorbose, in agreement with bertrand's and hudson's rule. the last-named compound was isolated in a yield of 88%. both compounds were little toxic against acetomonas oxydans.	1977	892670
biochemical dehydrogenations of saccharides. ix. d-lyxo-5-hexulosonic acid from d-mannose by acetomonas oxydans fermentation.	fermentation of nutrient media by a selected strain of acetomonas oxydans with a continuous ph control gave d-lyxo-5-hexulosonate in the form of a calcium or potassium salt with a yield equal to 95% of theory. the media contained up to 20 g d-mannose per 100 ml and a small amount of a readily assimilated monosaccharide.	1977	924277
application of oxygen-enriched aeration in the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone by gluconobacter melanogenus ifo 3293.	gluconobacter melanogenus 3293 converts glycerol to dihydroxyacetone(dha) during exponential growth on a yeast extract-phosphate medium at ph 7. the efficiency of this conversion in 25-liter batch fermentations has been found to increase over threefold, when oxygen tension is controlled by increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the aeration. conversion of glycerol to dha does not occur under oxygen-limited fermentation conditions. when the dissolved oxygen tension was maintained at 0.05 at ...	1977	16345229
lipid and fatty acid composition of gluconobacter oxydans before and after intracytoplasmic membrane formation.	gluconobacter oxydans differentiates by forming quantities of intracytoplasmic membranes at the end of exponential growth, and this formation occurs concurrently with a 60% increase in cellular lipid. the present study was initiated to determine whether this newly synthesized lipid differed from that extracted before intracytoplasmic membrane synthesis. undifferentiated exponential-phase cells were found to contain 30% phosphatidylcholine, 27.1% caridolipin, 25% phosphatidylethanolamine, 12.5% p ...	1978	649571
[effect of aeration on the biosynthesis of levansucrase by gluconobacter oxydans l-1].		1978	724669
intra- and intergeneric similarities of the rrna cistrons of acetobacter and gluconobacter [proceedings].		1978	655696
coenzyme-induced slow transitions of nadp-sorbitol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter oxydans.	the kinetic properties of nadp-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase from g. oxydans cell extract were studied at ph 8.8 and 9.3 in the direction of d-sorbitol oxydation. it was shown that the shape of the kinetic curves of nadph accumulation in time is characterised by initial burst whose magnitude depends on the concentration of the enzyme extract used. preincubation of the enzyme with nadp or d-sorbitol eliminated the initial burst on these curves and transformed them into straight lines coming fr ...	1978	27247
[systematics of acetic acid bacteria].	the method of numerical taxonomy has been used in these studies. fifty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria are characterized in 136 phenotypical features. the coefficients of similarity of the strains were calculated using computer. the nucleotide composition of dna from 21 strains of acetic acid bacteria was determined. the results obtained by the method of numerical taxonomy were discussed basing on this genotypical criterion. the genera acetobacter beijerinck and gluconobacter asai were found ...	1979	470639
[efficiency of glucose utilization by gluconobacter oxydans].	the dynamics of growth and acid production in gluconobacter oxydans cultures at various glucose concentrations has been investigated. dinitrophenol (10-4 m) was shown to have effect on hexonic acids formation by the growing culture and resting cells of g. oxydans, as well as on the values of y0. g. oxydans molar growth yield for glucose have been calculated. oxidative transformation of glucose was shown to be not involved in energy supply of processes connected with the reproduction of g. oxydan ...	1979	470626
occurrence of old yellow enzyme in gluconobacter suboxydans, and the cyclic regeneration of nadp.	old yellow enzyme system has been found in the cytosol fraction of gluconobacter suboxydans. this is the first time that the enzyme has been found in organisms other than yeast cells. old yellow enzyme [ec 1.6.99.1], d-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.1.49], and catalase were isolated and crystallized separately from the organism. the old yellow enzyme from g. suboxydans showed catalytic and physicochemical properties almost identical with those of the enzyme from yeast cells. nadph was ...	1979	41838
[role of the nutrient medium components in regulating levansaccharase synthesis in gluconobacter oxydans].	the effect of phosphate and acetate buffer systems on the growth of gluconobacter oxydans and its synthesis of levansucrase was studied in nutrient media containing sorbitol. the intensification of constructive processes in media with an increased content of phosphate did not accelerate the enzyme biosynthesis by g. oxydans. as was shown in experiments with the intact cells of g. oxydans, the respiratory activity of the bacterium was stimulated in phosphate buffer supplemented with fructose. in ...	1980	7402121
nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii.	bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ...	1980	7436404
[purification and properties of levansucrase of gluconobacter oxydans l-1].	levansucrase of g. oxydans l-1 which catalyzes the synthesis of the polysaccharide levan from the fructofuranosyl residues of sucrose has been isolated from the culture fluid and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and gel-filtration on sephadex g-100. the molecular weight of levansucrase as measured by ds-na polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is about 58000. the enzyme contains 25.86% of acidic amino acids, 13.74% of basic amino acids and 12.77% of aromatic amino acids. no cystine or c ...	1980	7213834
gluconobacters from honey bees.	fifty-six gluconobacter strains and one acetobacter strain were isolated from honey bees and their environment in three different regions in belgium and identified phenotypically. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble cell proteins showed that two different types exist within the gluconobacter isolates: strains from type a were found in samples of the three regions, whereas strains from type b were only isolated in two of the three regions. both types could occur in bees from the sam ...	1981	7259151
the nitrogen requirements of gluconobacter, acetobacter and frateuria.	the nitrogen requirements of 96 gluconobacter, 55 acetobacter and 7 frateuria strains were examined. only some frateuria strains were able to grow on 0.5% yeast extract broth or 0.5% peptone broth. in the presence of d-glucose or d-mannitol as a carbon source, ammonium was used as the sole source of nitrogen by all three genera. with ethanol, only a few acetobacter strains grew on ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. single l-amino acids cannot serve as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for gr ...	1981	7342881
d-fructose dehydrogenase of gluconobacter industrius: purification, characterization, and application to enzymatic microdetermination of d-fructose.	d-fructose dehydrogenase was solubilized and purified from the membrane fraction of glycerol-grown gluconobacter industrius ifo 3260 by a procedure involving solubilization of the enzyme with triton x-100 and subsequent fractionation on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and hydroxylapatite columns. the purified enzyme was tightly bound to a c-type cytochrome and another peptide existing as a dehydrogenase-cytochrome complex. the purified enzyme was deemed pure by analytical ultracentrifugation as well ...	1981	7462161
[study of the pathways regulating the biosynthesis of gluconobacter oxydans levansucrase].	the synthesis of levansucrase is derepressed during the growth of gluconobacter oxydans l-1 in media with mannitol, sorbitol or fructose. the level of levansucrase activity under these conditions is 20-30 times higher than in cultures growing in the presence of xylite, galactose or glucose. addition of mannitol or sucrose to the culture grown in a medium with xylite increases the differential rate of levansucrase synthesis. addition of glucose at a concentration of 1% to the culture growing in a ...	1981	6783820
solution structure of 5-keto-d-fructose: relevance to the specificity of hexose kinases.	5-keto-d-fructose (5kf) is isolated from cultures of gluconobacter cerinus growing on d-fructose as the sole carbon source. 5kf is a substrate for hexokinase, fructokinase, and several polyol dehydrogenases. 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies show that 5kf exists in different forms in anhydrous dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide and d2o. in dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide, 5kf exists as a spirane dimer with linked furanose and pyranose rings, similar to the structure reported for crystalline 5kf [hassen, l. ...	1982	7059583
effect of intracytoplasmic membrane development on oxidation of sorbitol and other polyols by gluconobacter oxydans.	by using membrane-bound dehydrogenases, gluconobacter oxydans characteristically accomplishes single-step oxidation of many polyols and quantitative release of the oxidation product into the medium. these cells typically differentiate by forming intracytoplasmic membranes (icm) after exponential growth on glycerol. earlier experiments demonstrated that glycerol-grown cells containing icm oxidized glycerol more rapidly than cells which were harvested during exponential growth and lacked icm (clau ...	1982	7068538
distribution of beta-lactam and beta-lactone producing bacteria in nature.	over one million bacteria were isolated from a large variety of soil, plant and water samples collected from different environments and examined in an extremely sensitive and highly specific screen for beta-lactam production. a group of seven related monocyclic beta-lactams (monobactams) were isolated from strains representing four genera-agrobacterium, chromobacterium, gluconobacter and pseudomonas. monobactam-producing strains of agrobacterium and pseudomonas were isolated only rarely. produci ...	1982	7174535
new polyenic antibiotics active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. i. isolation and purification of antibiotics produced by gluconobacter sp. w-315.	a new antibiotic, tentatively named as ab-315, was isolated from the fermentation broth of gluconobacter sp. w-315. the antibiotic consists of a mixture of chemically related compounds. these compounds showed similar profiles in uv absorbancy. the antibiotics were active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, slightly active against fungi but not against yeasts.	1982	6216233
new polyenic antibiotics active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. ii. screening of antibiotic producers and taxonomical properties of gluconobacter sp. w-315.	antibiotic producing bacteria were selected using a new screening method. eight strains of antibiotic producing bacteria, which required a spent medium of fungi for antibiotic production, were isolated. one of them, a potent producer of antibacterial antibiotic, designated strain w-315, had following taxonomical characteristics; aerobic, gram-negative, rod shaped and polar flagellated. furthermore, the organism could grow under acidic conditions (ph 4.5) and had a gc content of 64.4 mole per cen ...	1982	6216234
[effect of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate, chloramphenicol and actinomycin d on gluconobacter oxydans biosynthesis of extracellular levansaccharase].	the biosynthesis of levansucrase by gluconobacter oxydans was shown to be induced in media containing sorbitol or fructose. an addition of glucose at a concentration of 0.1% to the culture growing in a medium with sorbitol stimulated the biosynthesis of levansucrase, whereas glucose at a concentration of 0.5-0.6% inhibited the enzyme synthesis by 20-30%. gluconic acid, a product of glucose metabolism, also repressed the synthesis of levansucrase, but to a lesser degree than glucose. cyclic adeno ...	1982	6289057
presence of a new cytochrome b - like pigment with a peak at 567 nm in various aerobic bacteria.	several physiological groups of bacteria were examined for the presence of a cytochrome b - like pigment which is demonstrable in dithionite-reduced minus substrate-reduced difference spectra. this pigment is characterized by an unusually high alpha band at 567 nm, a low concentration relative to conventional cytochromes, and an inability to be fully reduced by endogenous substrates or nadh. previous studies with one denitrifying and nondenitrifying species of the genus pseudomonas, in paracoccu ...	1983	6652580
a new sequence-specific endonuclease from gluconobacter suboxydans.		1983	6299786
[growth rate of antibiotic-producing gram-negative bacteria on liquid nutrient media].	glycerol-yeast medium no. 3 may be used as a seed medium in screening of antibiotic-producing strains among acetobacter, gluconobacter, chromobacterium, agrobacterium, and other genera. the medium is transparent. it provides visual instrumental control of the growth rate of the seed material and estimation of biomass augmentation. the period of the exponential phase growth of the strains tested on medium no. 3 was 2-8 hours. when no growth on medium no. 3 is observed media nos. 1 and 2 can be us ...	1984	6524878
novel glycosidase inhibitors, nojirimycin b and d-mannonic-delta-lactam. isolation, structure determination and biological property.	a new aminosugar named nojirimycin b (1) has been isolated as its bisulfite adduct from the culture broth of streptomyces lavendulae sf-425, together with nojirimycin. microbiological oxidation of 1 with gluconobacter suboxydans iam 1829 gave a delta-lactam (2). the structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be 5-amino-5-deoxy-d-mannopyranose and d-mannonic-delta-lactam, respectively, on the basis of 1h nmr spectroscopy and x-ray structural analysis. both 1 and 2 exhibited powerful inhibitory acti ...	1984	6549315
evolution of acetic acid bacteria during fermentation and storage of wine.	acetic acid bacteria were present at all stages of wine making, from the mature grape through vinification to conservation. a succession of gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter pasteurianus, and acetobacter aceti during the course of these stages was noted. low levels of a. aceti remained in the wine; they exhibited rapid proliferation on short exposure of the wine to air and caused significant increases in the concentration of acetic acid. higher temperature of wine storage and higher wine ph fav ...	1984	16346581
scale-down and optimization studies of the gluconic acid fermentation by gluconobacter oxydans.	to simulate production-scale conditions of gluconic acid fermentation by gluconobacter oxydans, different experimental setups are presented in this study. from the determination of the time constants of a production-scale reactor, it can be concluded that mixing and oxygen transfer are the rate-limiting mechanisms. this results in oxygen concentration gradients which were simulated in a one-compartment reactor in which the oxygen concentration was fluctuated by a fluctuated gassing with air and ...	1985	18553727
identification of the covalently bound flavins of d-gluconate dehydrogenases from pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens and of 2-keto-d-gluconate dehydrogenase from gluconobacter melanogenus.	an improved method is presented for the purification of 8 alpha-(n1-histidyl)riboflavin, 8 alpha-(n3-histidyl)riboflavin and their 2',5'-anhydro forms, which permits the isolation of sizeable quantities of each of these compounds from a synthetic mixture in pure form. flavin peptides were isolated from the d-gluconate dehydrogenases of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens and from the 2-keto-d-gluconate dehydrogenase of gluconobacter melanogenus. after conversion into the aminoacyl ...	1985	4074328
[numerical taxonomy of pseudomonads of the diminuta group].	the taxonomy of the "diminuta" group is discussed. the method of numerical taxonomy was used to characterize 135 strains of 10 species belonging to pseudomonas, gluconobacter and acetobacter in terms of sixty phenotypical features. the similarity coefficients of the strains were calculated with computers. according to the data of numerical analysis, the species p. diminuta and p. vesiculare represent a single phenon different from pseudomonas, gluconobacter and acetobacter species.	1986	3702780
purification and characterization of quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus l.m.d. 79.41.	quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.17) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus l.m.d. 79.41 was purified to homogeneity. it is a basic protein with an isoelectric point of 9.5 and an mr of 94,000. denaturation yields two molecules of pqq/molecule and a protein with an mr of 48000, indicating that the enzyme consists of two subunits, which are probably identical because even numbers of aromatic amino acids were found. the oxidized enzyme form has an absorption maximum at 350 nm, and the reduc ...	1986	3800975
[subordination of the taxa of gram-negative bacteria determined by numerical analysis methods].	various numerical methods were used to estimate the coordination of taxa of gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic organoheterotrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria. stable phena were found to be formed by cultures belonging to the families rhizobiaceae, halobacteriaceae, enterobacteriaceae, nitrobacteriaceae (except the genus nitrobacter), and methylomonadaceae (except the genus methylococcus). the unstable position was found in the genera thermus, zoogloea, xanthomonas, sulfolobus, m ...	1986	3523170
oxygen supply to immobilized cells: 5. theoretical calculations and experimental data for the oxidation of glycerol by immobilized gluconobacter oxydans cells with oxygen or p-benzoquinone as electron acceptor.	theoretical calculations of reaction kinetics were done for one-step reactions catalyzed by cells immobilized in spherical beads. the reactions catalyzed by free cells were assumed to obey michaelis-menten kinetics for a one-substrate reaction. both external (outside the beads) and internal (inside the beads) mass transfer of the substrate were considered for the immobilized preparations. the theoretical calculations were compared with experimental data for the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxy ...	1986	18555319
a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta.	swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ...	1987	3447691
reactivity with ubiquinone of quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter suboxydans.	d-glucose dehydrogenase is a pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent oxidoreductase linked to the respiratory chain of a wide variety of bacteria. there is a controversy as to whether the glucose dehydrogenase is linked to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone or cytochrome b. in this study, it was shown that the glucose dehydrogenase of gluconobacter suboxydans has the ability to react directly with ubiquinone. the enzyme purified from the membranes of g. suboxydans was able to react with ubiquinone ...	1989	2547757
the response of gluconobacter oxydans to sorbic and benzoic acids.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of sorbic and benzoic acids for gluconobacter oxydans were 1000 mg/l and 900 mg/l respectively at ph 3.8. a reduction in the ph of the test medium to 3.3 reduced the mic of both preservatives by about 300 mg/l. when g. oxydans was grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of sorbic or benzoic acids before the mic was determined, the mic of both compounds increased substantially within 1 h. growth of g. oxydans was modified in several ways by th ...	1989	2641685
quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases in acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd 79.41: purification and characterization of the membrane-bound enzyme distinct from the soluble enzyme.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus is known to contain soluble and membrane-bound quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases while other oxidative bacteria such as pseudomonas or gluconobacter contain only membrane-bound enzyme. the two different forms were believed to be the same enzyme or interconvertible. present results show that the two different forms of glucose dehydrogenase are distinct from each other in their enzymatic and immunological properties as well as in their molecular size. the soluble an ...	1989	2549865
a fast spheroplast formation procedure in some 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate- and 2-keto-l-gulonate- producing bacteria.	calcium 2-keto-l-gulonate (ca-2-klg, a key intermediate in vitamin c synthesis) is produced from calcium 2,5-diketo d-gluconate (ca-2,5-dkg) by a variety of bacteria. a few bacterial species which efficiently convert glucose to ca-2,5-dkg have been isolated in our laboratory. our bacterial collection included species that possess the genes for production of ca-2-klg from ca-2,5-dkg; however, the yield of the former is poor. a procedure for the preparation of spheroplasts in ca-2,5-dkg- and ca-2- ...	1989	2517394
characterization of production of free gluconic acid by gluconobacter suboxydans adsorbed on ceramic honeycomb monolith.	gluconobacter suboxydans ifo 3290 was immobilized by adsorption on ceramic honeycomb monolith and continuous production of free gluconic acid from glucose was performed in an aerated reactor. the effects of reactor residence time, aeration rate, and glucose concentration were investigated on the gluconic acid yield. observation of sem photographs revealed that the cells were adsorbed with a high density not only on the outer surface of the support but also on the inner surface of large pores. fr ...	1989	18587881
evidence for electron transfer via ubiquinone between quinoproteins d-glucose dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase of gluconobacter suboxydans.	gluconobacter suboxydans contains membrane-bound d-glucose and alcohol dehydrogenases (gdh and adh) as the primary dehydrogenases in the respiratory chain. these enzymes are known to be quinoproteins having pyrroloquinoline quinone as the prosthetic group. gdh reduces an artificial electron acceptor, ferricyanide, in the membrane, but not after solubilization with triton x-100, while adh can react with the electron acceptor even after solubilization and further purification. in this study, it ha ...	1990	2391347
chemo-enzymatic synthesis of optically pure l-leucovorin, an augmentor of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity against cancer.	optically pure l-leucovorin was synthesized on a large scale by the combination of chemical and enzymatic processes. after reduction of folate with zinc, dihydrofolate was reduced asymmetrically to (6)-tetra-hydrofolate by use of dihydrofolate reductase from e. coli c600/ptp600, with simultaneous nadph cofactor recycling using glucose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter scleroideus ky3613. calcium l-leucovorin.4h2o (113 g) was obtained from (6s)-tetrahydrofolate via 5,10-methyenyltetrahydrofolate b ...	1990	2206131
the restriction endonuclease gceini of gluconobacter cerinus ifo 3260, an isoschizomer of bamhi, has a monomeric structure.		1990	1368602
a single amino acid substitution changes the substrate specificity of quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in gluconobacter oxydans.	gluconobacter oxydans contains pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (gdh). two isogenic g. oxydans strains, p1 and p2, which differ in their substrate specificity with respect to oxidation of sugars have been analysed. p1 can oxidize only d-glucose, whereas p2 is also capable of the oxidation of the disaccharide maltose. to investigate the nature of this maltose-oxidizing property we cloned the gene encoding gdh from p2. expression of p2 gdh in p1 enables the latter strain to ...	1991	1833618
reconstitution of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain in membranes of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient gluconobacter suboxydans subsp. alpha strains.	the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain of gluconobacter suboxydan was characterized by using g. suboxydans subsp. alpha, a variant species of g. suboxydans incapable of oxidizing ethanol. the membranes of g. suboxydans subsp. alpha exhibited neither alcohol dehydrogenase, ethanol oxidase, nor glucose-ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity. furthermore, the respiratory chain of the organism exhibited an extremely diminished amount of cytochrome c and an increased sensitivity of the respiratory activ ...	1991	1646200
intergeneric protoplast fusion between gluconobacter oxydans and corynebacterium species.	intergeneric protoplast fusion between 2,5-diketo-gluconic acid producing gluconobacter oxydans (atcc 9937) and a mutant strain of corynebacterium species (atcc 31090), capable of reducing 2,5-diketo-gluconic acid to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid, a penultimate step in vitamin c production) resulted in viable recombinants. some of the fusion products exhibited the capacity to convert d-glucose to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid, but the conversion rate is low.	1992	1369157
nadph regeneration by glucose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter scleroides for l-leucovorin synthesis.	a new process for (6s)-tetrahydrofolate production from dihydrofolate was designed that used dihydrofolate reductase and an nadph regeneration system. glucose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter scleroides ky3613 was used for recycling of the cofactor. the reaction mixture contained 200 mm dihydrofolate, 220 mm glucose, 2 mm nadp, 14.4 u/ml dihydrofolate reductase, and 14.4 u/ml glucose dehydrogenase, and the reaction was complete after incubation at ph 8.0, and 40 degrees c for 2.5 hr. with (6s)-t ...	1992	1368340
mediated amperometric determination of xylose and glucose with an immobilized aldose dehydrogenase electrode.	an enzyme electrode was constructed for amperometric determination of xylose and glucose. the electrode is based on the pqq-dependent membrane-bound aldose dehydrogenase (aldh) from gluconobacter oxydans. aldh was covalently immobilized on a graphite electrode. immobilized dimethylferrocene, soluble ferrocene carboxylic acid and phenazine methosulphate were used as electron transfer mediators. when xylose was measured electrochemically using an electrode modified with aldh and dimethylferrocene, ...	1992	1337972
production of cephalexin by gluconobacter oxydans ccrc 10383.	intact cells of gluconobacter oxydans ccrc 10383 produced cephalexin from 7-amino-3-deacetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-adca) and d-alpha-phenylglycine methylester hc1 (pgm). factors affecting the production of cephalexin by g. oxydans ccrc 10383 were studied. the optimum ph and temperature for the synthetic reaction of cephalexin were 6.0 and 42 degrees c, respectively. a higher concentration of pgm than 7-adca was required to obtain a good yield of cephalexin.	1992	1305772
influence of constant and oscillating dissolved oxygen concentrations on keto acid production by gluconobacter oxydans subsps. melanogenum.	gluconobacter species are known to oxidise glucose via a direct oxidation pathway which is distinct from the pentose phosphate pathway. in the present communication results of an investigation on the influence of different dissolved oxygen concentrations (do) on the production of 2,5-diketogluconic acid in batch and chemostat cultures are given. do of 30% relative to air at 1 bar was found as a threshold level for optimum productivity. the positive influence of continuous availability of dissolv ...	1992	1369152
new polyenic antibiotics active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. iv. structural elucidation of enacyloxin iia.	the chemical structure of a unique polyenic antibiotic enacyloxin iia (former name: fr. 2) produced by frateuria (formerly gluconobacter) sp. w-315 has been determined by extensive spectroscopic studies, in particular by nmr spectral analysis. it has a novel non-lactonic structure involving 3,4-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid with a chlorine-containing polyenic and polyhydroxy acyl side chain attached as an ester to the 3-hydroxyl substituent of the acid.	1992	1592680
incapability of gluconobacter oxydans to produce tartaric acid.	the dependence of tartaric acid production by gluconobacter oxydans ssp. oxydans atcc 19357 and g. oxydans ssp. suboxydans atcc 621 on vanadate was investigated. it was found with both organisms that tartaric acid could only be produced in a medium containing vanadate (nh(4)vo(3)). a proposed intermediate of the tartaric acid metabolism in g. oxydans, 5-ketogluconic acid, was tested on its reactivity in the presence of the oxidizing catalyst vanadate. it could be shown that 5-ketogluconic acid a ...	1992	18601061
kinetic studies of the active sites functioning in the quinohemoprotein fructose dehydrogenase.	steady-state kinetic analysis was performed on the reaction between d-fructose and ferricyanide with the quinohemoprotein fructose dehydrogenase from gluconobacter species. the d-fructose oxidation dependence on the ferricyanide concentration resulted in a series of parallel reciprocal plots, and the reaction was assumed to proceed by a ping-pong type of mechanism. a reciprocal plot of the reduction of ferricyanide at saturating concentration of d-fructose gave a break which was considered to ap ...	1993	8436220
large-scale applicable purification and characterization of a membrane-bound pqq-dependent aldose dehydrogenase.	a membrane-bound xylose oxidizing pqq-dependent dehydrogenase from gluconobacter oxydans was purified with a simple large-scale applicable purification procedure. the activity recovery from membrane extract was 33% with 130-fold purification. important characteristic with respect to the application of the dehydrogenase in biosensor technology were studied. the purified enzyme was most stable in the ph range 3.5-6.5. the ph optimum for xylose oxidation was in the range 7.5-8 for the solubilized e ...	1993	7763900
genetic organization of acetobacter for acetic acid fermentation.	plasmid vectors for the acetic acid-producing strains of acetobacter and gluconobacter were constructed from their cryptic plasmids and the efficient transformation conditions were established. the systems allowed to reveal the genetic background of the strains used in the acetic acid fermentation. genes encoding indispensable components in the acetic acid fermentation, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase, were cloned and characterized. spontaneous mutation ...	1993	8092854
molecular characterization of microbial alcohol dehydrogenases.	there is an astonishing array of microbial alcohol oxidoreductases. they display a wide variety of substrate specificities and they fulfill several vital but quite different physiological functions. some of these enzymes are involved in the production of alcoholic beverages and of industrial solvents, others are important in the production of vinegar, and still others participate in the degradation of naturally occurring and xenobiotic aromatic compounds as well as in the growth of bacteria and ...	1994	8185833
characterisation of plasmids from diketogluconic acid producing strains of gluconobacter oxydans.	gluconobacter oxydans atcc 9937, which produces 2,5-diketogluconic acid, an intermediate in vitamin c synthesis, has three plasmids of sizes 27.7 kb (pvj1), 12.3 kb (pvj2) and 18 kb (pvj4). a restriction map was constructed of pvj1. a potential glucose dehydrogenase gene was located on pvj1 using the polymerase chain reaction with heterologous primers. two other g. oxydans strains had no detectable plasmid dna (ifo 12258) and a plasmid (pvj3) of 9.4 kb (ifo 3293), respectively.	1994	7765162
two binding sites of inhibitors in nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). relationship of one site with the ubiquinone-binding site of bacterial glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.	the effect of ten naturally occurring and two synthetic inhibitors of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) of bovine heart, neurospora crassa and escherichia coli and glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (glucose dehydrogenase) of gluconobacter oxidans was investigated. these inhibitors could be divided into two classes with regard to their specificity and mode of action. class i inhibitors, including the naturally occurring piericidin a, annonin vi, phenalamid a2, aurachins a and b, thiangaz ...	1994	8307034
phylogenetic position of gluconobacter species as a coherent cluster separated from all acetobacter species on the basis of 16s ribosomal rna sequences.	the 16s rrna sequences from the gluconobacter species g. asaii, g. cerinus and g. frateurii were determined and compared with homologous sequences from published databases and sequences of g. oxydans and acetobacter species previously described [sievers, m., ludwig, w. and teuber, m. (1994) system. appl. microbiol. 17, 189-196]. the gluconobacter species have unique 16s rrna sequences and exhibit sequence similarity values of 97.4 to 99.1%, corresponding to 36 to 14 base differences. the phyloge ...	1995	7705603
biochemical characterization and sequence analysis of the gluconate:nadp 5-oxidoreductase gene from gluconobacter oxydans.	gluconate:nadp 5-oxidoreductase (gno) from the acetic acid bacterium gluconobacter oxydans subsp. oxydans dsm3503 was purified to homogeneity. this enzyme is involved in the nonphosphorylative, ketogenic oxidation of glucose and oxidizes gluconate to 5-ketogluconate. gno was localized in the cytoplasm, had an isoelectric point of 4.3, and showed an apparent molecular weight of 75,000. in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, a single band appeared corresponding to a molecular weight of 33, ...	1995	7751271
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 and its expression in gluconobacter oxydans.	cloning and expression of the gene encoding acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase (sndh) were studied. a genomic library of a. liquefaciens ifo 12258 was constructed with the mobilizable cosmid vector pvk102 (mob+) in escherichia coli s17-1 (tra+). the library was transferred by conjugal mating into gluconobacter oxydans ox4, a mutant of g. oxydans ifo 3293 that accumulates l-sorbosone in the presence of l-sorbose. the transconjugants were screened for sndh ...	1995	7574579
generation mechanism and purification of an inactive form convertible in vivo to the active form of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase in gluconobacter suboxydans.	alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex involved in vinegar production. in gluconobacter suboxydans grown under acidic growth conditions, it was found that adh content in the membranes was largely increased but the activity was not much changed, suggesting that such a condition produces an inactive form of adh (inactive adh). a similar phenomenon could be also observed in acetobacter aceti, another genus of acetic acid bacteri ...	1995	7592433
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 and its expression in gluconobacter oxydans.	volume 61, no. 2, p. 419, column 1, lines 15-19: this sentence should read as follows. "the alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase have a common region reported to be related to pyrroloquinoline quinone binding (2, 10), but sndh does not contain such a region, indicating that sndh is not a quinoprotein." page 419, column 2, line 12: "(table 4)" should read "(table 3)." [this corrects the article on p. 413 in vol. 61.].	1995	16535037
fet-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on gluconobacter oxydans cells.	a potentiometric biosensor for xylose was devised utilizing gluconobacter oxydans whole cells. immobilization methods based on physical adsorption were used for g. oxydans cells and extracellular ph changes resulting from xylose dehydrogenation were monitored by a field effect transistor (fet). the g. oxydans, fet-based sensor detected xylose at a lower limit of 0.5 mm. from 5.0 to 30 mm xylose, the response of the sensor was linear. expectedly, output signals were significantly suppressed by bu ...	1996	8746186
measurements of oxidoreductase-like activity of intact bacterial cells by an amperometric method using a membrane-coated electrode.	the oxidation of d-glucose and nicotinic acid by intact cells of gluconobacter industrious and pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively, is successfully measured by an amperometric method using such compounds as fe(cn)6(3-), p-benzoquinone, and dichlorophenolindophenol as electron acceptors. analysis of the experimental results reveals that the intact cells behave like oxidoreductases whose kinetics follows a michaelis-mententype equation. the catalytic behavior is explained by a model which treats ...	1996	8779432
function of multiple heme c moieties in intramolecular electron transport and ubiquinone reduction in the quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-cytochrome c complex of gluconobacter suboxydans.	alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria functions as the primary dehydrogenase of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, where it donates electrons to ubiquinone. adh is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex which consists of subunits i (78 kda), ii (48 kda), and iii (14 kda) and contains several hemes c as well as pyrroloquinoline quinone as prosthetic groups. to understand the role of the heme c moieties in the intramolecular electron transport and the ubiquinone r ...	1996	8617755
[biosensor models based on potentiometric and amperometric transducers for use in medicine, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring (review)].	various types of potentiometric and amperometric biosensors are characterized: microbial sensors with gluconobacter oxydans cells with potentiometric (ph-sensitive field-effect transistor) and amperometric (clark-type) electrodes for determining glucose; a potentiometric enzymatic electrode with butyrylcholinesterase, which is used in the biosensor designed to detect pesticides; immunosensors with ph-sensitive field-effect transistors which detect the herbicide 2, 4-d; a biosensor for human immu ...	1996	8637842