Publications

genetic transformation in methylobacterium organophilum.	several mutants have been isolated from the facultative methylotroph, methylobacterium organophilum, using either n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine or ultraviolet light as mutagens. one of these isolates, a glutamate auxotroph lacking isocitrate dehydrogenase, has been transformed to prototrophy, using wild-type dna, at a frequency of 0-5%. competence and dna uptake occur only in cultures which are near the end of exponential growth, and maximal transformation requires a dna concentration of ...	1977	401866
alcohol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium organophilum.	the alcohol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium organophilum, a facultative methane-oxidizing bacterium, has been purified to homogeneity as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. it has several properties in common with the alcohol dehydrogenases from other methylotrophic bacteria. the active enzyme is a dimeric protein, both subunits having molecular weights of about 62,000. the enzyme exhibits broad substrate specificity for primary alcohols and catalyzes the two-step oxidat ...	1978	80974
intracytoplasmic membrane, phospholipid, and sterol content of methylobacterium organophilum cells grown under different conditions.	intracytoplasmic membranes were present in methylobacterium organophilum when cells were grown with methane, but not methanol or glucose, as the sole carbon and energy source. cells grown with methane as the carbon and energy source and low levels of dissolved oxygen had the greatest amount of intracytoplasmic membrane. cells grown with increased levels of dissolved oxygen had less intracytoplasmic membrane. the amount of total lipid correlated with the amount of membrane material observed in th ...	1978	96093
microbial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons: epoxidation of c2 to c4 n-alkenes by methylotrophic bacteria.	over 20 new cultures of methane-utilizing microbes, including obligate (types i and iii) and facultative methylotrophic bacteria were isolated. in addition to their ability to oxidize methane to methanol, resting cell-suspensions of three distinct types of methane-grown bacteria (methylosinus trichosporium ob3b [type ii, obligate]; methylococcus capsulatus crl m1 nrrl b-11219 [type i, obligate]; and methylobacterium organophilum crl-26 nrrl b-11222 [facultative]) oxidize c2 to c4 n-alkenes to th ...	1979	39502
microbial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons: production of methylketones from corresponding n-alkanes by methane-utilizing bacteria.	cell suspensions of methane-utilizing bacteria grown on methane oxidized n-alkanes (propane, butane, pentane, hexane) to their corresponding methylketones (acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone). the product methylketones accumulated extracellularly. the rate of production of methylketones varied with the organism used for oxidation; however, the average rate of acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone production was 1.2, 1.0, 0.15, and 0.025 mumol/h per 5.0 mg of protein in cell ...	1980	16345538
characterization of two new facultative methanotrophs.	two new facultative methane-oxidizing bacteria have been isolated from lake water enrichments. the organisms have been characterized in terms of colony types, growth characteristics, the guanine plus cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid, thin sections, oxidation rates, and carbon assimilation pathways. methane-grown cells of both organisms contained intracytoplasmic membranes similar to those described as type ii in other methanotrophic bacteria. neither organism had such membranes wh ...	1980	16345617
stereospecificity and other properties of a novel secondary-alcohol-specific alcohol dehydrogenase.	nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the methanol-grown methylcoccus sp. crl m1 (type i membrane), methylosinus trichosporium ob3b (type ii membrane), methylobacterium organophillum crl 26 (type ii membrane, facultative methylotroph). pseudomonas sp. atcc 21439, and pichia pastoris y-55 are secondary-alcohol-specific and that from p. pastoris y-7556 is not. this novel secondary-alcohol-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase) has been purified from methanol-grown pseu ...	1981	7030736
a blue protein as an inactivating factor for nitrite reductase from alcaligenes faecalis strain s-6.	a blue protein with a molecule weight of 12,000 containing 1 atom of type i cu2+ was purified and crystallized from a denitrifying bacterium, alcaligenes faecalis strain s-6, as an inactivating factor for copper-containing nitrite reductase of the same organism. inactivation of the enzyme occurred when the enzyme was incubated aerobically with a catalytic amount of the blue protein in the presence of reducing agents such as cysteine and ascorbate. the blue protein acts as a direct electron donor ...	1981	6263871
amicyanin: an electron acceptor of methylamine dehydrogenase.		1981	6272760
extension of the model concerning linkage of genes coding for c-1 related functions in methylobacterium organophilum.	evidence is presented which suggests that methylobacterium organophilum contains isoenzymes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. methanol-grown cells contained an acetyl coenzyme a (coa)-insensitive activity which precipitated in a 65 to 75% of saturation ammonium sulfate fraction. succinate-grown cells contained an acetyl-coa-stimulated activity which precipitated in a 55 to 65% of saturation ammonium sulfate fraction. mutants unable to grow on methanol appeared to lack acetyl-coa-insen ...	1981	6786218
obligate methylotrophy: evaluation of dimethyl ether as a c1 compound.	the suitability of dimethyl ether as a c1 compound was examined with the obligate methylobacterium methylococcus capsulatus (texas). the ether did not support growth and was not formed during growth on methane; it was an inhibitor of growth and oxidation of methane and a poor oxidation substrate for cell suspensions. nadh stimulation of methane, but not dimethyl ether, oxidation occurred in cell extracts.	1982	6802804
microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons: properties of a soluble methane monooxygenase from a facultative methane-utilizing organism, methylobacterium sp. strain crl-26.	methylobacterium sp. strain crl-26 grown in a fermentor contained methane monooxygenase activity in soluble fractions. soluble methane monooxygenase catalyzed the epoxidation/hydroxylation of a variety of hydrocarbons, including terminal alkenes, internal alkenes, substituted alkenes, branched-chain alkenes, alkanes (c(1) to c(8)), substituted alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, carbon monoxide, ethers, and cyclic and aromatic compounds. the optimum ph and temperature for the epoxidation of propyle ...	1982	16346133
prokaryotic triterpenoids. 2. 2 beta-methylhopanoids from methylobacterium organophilum and nostoc muscorum, a new series of prokaryotic triterpenoids.	2 beta-methylhopanoids, a new series of triterpenoids was identified from two prokaryotes. 2 beta-methyldiplopterol was isolated from the methylotrophic bacterium methylobacterium organophilum, and three different 2 beta-methylbacteriohopanepolyols from the cyanobacterium nostoc muscorum. the structures of these compounds was deduced by direct comparison with 2 beta-methyldiplopterol synthesized from 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one.	1985	3926495
prokaryotic triterpenoids. 3. the biosynthesis of 2 beta-methylhopanoids and 3 beta-methylhopanoids of methylobacterium organophilum and acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus.	the incorporation of l-[methyl-3h,14c]methionine or l-(methyl-2h3)methionine into 2 beta-methyldiplopterol of methylobacterium organophilum and various 3 beta-methylhopanoids of acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus showed that all three hydrogen atoms of the transferred methyl group are retained in the triterpenoids. these methylations are compatible with a methylation substrate such as a delta 2-hopanoid in the case of the 2 beta-methylhopanoid biosynthesis and of a delta 2-hopanoid or sq ...	1985	3926496
the role of blue copper proteins in the oxidation of methylamine by an obligate methylotroph.	organism 4025, an obligate methylotroph, when grown on methylamine in the presence of a high concentration of copper, contained high concentrations of methylamine dehydrogenase and two blue copper proteins, amicyanin and an azurin-type protein; these were purified to homogeneity and characterized. the methylamine dehydrogenase is a basic protein (pi 8.8) and consists of light and heavy subunits (mr 14100 and 43000; total mr 112000). this dehydrogenase differed slightly from other methylamine deh ...	1985	3927899
prokaryotic triterpenoids. new bacteriohopanetetrol cyclitol ethers from the methylotrophic bacterium methylobacterium organophilum.	together with bacteriohopanetetrol, which is identical to bacteriohopanetetrol isolated from bacillus acidocaldarius, three other bacteriohopane derivatives were isolated from the methylotrophic bacterium methylobacterium organophilum. three different kinds of polar moieties were found linked to the c-35 hydroxyl group of bacteriohopanetetrol: glucosamine linked through a glycosidic bond and two new polyhydroxylated methylcyclopentanoids differing one from each other by the presence of an amino ...	1985	3928379
the primary structures of pseudomonas am1 amicyanin and pseudoazurin. two new sequence classes of blue copper proteins.	the amino acid sequences of two blue copper proteins from the pink facultative methylotroph pseudomonas am1 (n.c.i.b. 9133) were determined. they each consist of a single polypeptide chain and bind one copper atom. amicyanin contains 99 and pseudoazurin 123 residues. copper-binding sites, consisting of the side chains of two histidine, one cysteine and one methionine residues, can be recognized in each protein by analogy with azurin and plastocyanin, but the spacings of the ligand residues are d ...	1985	4091802
[transfer of prophage mu into methylotrophic bacteria in the plasmid rp4].	bacteriophage mu genome has been transferred into the cells of pseudomonas methanolica and methylobacterium sp. skf240, that are naturally resistant to the bacteriophage, as a fragment of a hybrid plasmid rp4::mu cts62. temperature induction of the bacteriophage results in host cell lysis. plasmid rp::mu cis62 is maintained in methylotrophic cells presenting a cointegrative structure. the genetic and electrophoretic, analyses of the dna isolated from transconjugant cells have confirmed the concl ...	1985	2948119
construction of broad-host-range cosmid cloning vectors: identification of genes necessary for growth of methylobacterium organophilum on methanol.	four new cloning vectors have been constructed from the broad-host-range cloning vector prk290. these vectors, pla2901, pla2905, pla2910, and pla2917, confer resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline. the latter two are cosmid derivatives of pla2901. the new vectors can be mobilized into, and are stably maintained in, a variety of gram-negative bacteria. a sau3a genomic bank of methylobacterium organophilum strain xx dna has been constructed in pla2917, and complementation analysis, with a variet ...	1985	2982796
[effect of aspartate amino acids on aspartokinase activity of oligotrophic bacteria].	the object of this work was to study the effect of aspartate amino acids taken separately or in combinations on the aspartokinase activity of hyphomicrobium and methylobacterium methylotrophous strains. aspartokinase was shown to be a polyvalent enzyme regulated by the coordinated action of two amino acid pairs: lysine+threonine and threonine+methionine.	1985	2989663
an inducible periplasmic blue copper protein from paracoccus denitrificans. purification, properties, and physiological role.	when grown on methylamine as a sole carbon source, paracoccus denitrificans synthesizes a type i blue copper protein which mediates electron transfer between methylamine dehydrogenase and cytochrome c. this blue copper protein does not serve as an electron acceptor for methanol dehydrogenase and is not synthesized by cells grown on methanol or succinate. the blue copper protein and methylamine dehydrogenase were localized in the periplasm of p. denitrificans, whereas formate dehydrogenase was cy ...	1985	2997215
isolation and characterization of a blue copper protein from thiobacillus versutus.	the blue copper protein induced during growth of thiobacillus versutus on methylamine was purified and characterized. it is an acidic protein (isoelectric point 4.7), contains one cu2+ ion/enzyme molecule, is a monomeric protein (molecular mass about 14 kda), has a maximum in its absorption spectrum at 596 nm (molar absorption coefficient 3.9 x 10(3) m-1 cm-1), shows an axial type-i electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum (g parallel = 2.239, g perpendicular = 2.046 and a parallel = 5.6 mt) and ...	1985	2998794
isolation and complementation analysis of 10 methanol oxidation mutant classes and identification of the methanol dehydrogenase structural gene of methylobacterium sp. strain am1.	a method has been developed for the direct selection of methanol oxidation mutants of the facultative methylotroph methylobacterium sp. strain am1 (formerly pseudomonas sp. strain am1). using this direct selection technique, we have isolated mutants of methylobacterium sp. strain am1 that are no longer capable of growth on methanol but retain the ability to grow on methylamine. these methanol oxidation (mox) mutants were complemented with a genomic clone bank of this organism constructed in the ...	1986	3009411
phenotypic characterization of 10 methanol oxidation mutant classes in methylobacterium sp. strain am1.	twenty-five methanol oxidation mutants of the facultative methylotroph methylobacterium sp. strain am1 have been characterized by complementation analysis and assigned to 10 complementation groups, mox a1, a2, a3, and b through h (d. n. nunn and m. e. lidstrom, j. bacteriol. 166:582-591, 1986). in this study we have characterized each of the mutants belonging to the 10 mox complementation groups for the following criteria: phenazine methosulfate-dichlorophenolindophenol dye-linked methanol dehyd ...	1986	3009412
characterization of two inducible periplasmic c-type cytochromes from paracoccus denitrificans.	when grown on methanol or methylamine, paracoccus denitrificans synthesized three periplasmic soluble c-type cytochromes, cytochrome c550 and two additional cytochromes which were not present during growth on succinate and have not previously been characterized. these cytochromes have been separated from each other and their physical properties have been determined. the inducible cytochromes, c551i and c553i, exhibit mr and pi values of 22,000 and 3.5, and 30,000 and 3.8, respectively. cytochrom ...	1986	3013855
measurement of the oxidation-reduction potentials of amicyanin and c-type cytochromes from paracoccus denitrificans.	the oxidation-reduction potentials of four periplasmic electron carrier proteins from paracoccus denitrificans have been determined. their midpoint potentials are: amicyanin, 294 +/- 6 mv; cytochrome c-550, 253 +/- 5 mv; cytochrome c-551i, 190 +/- 4 mv; and cytochrome c-553i, 148 +/- 5 mv. although rapid amicyanin-mediated transfer of electrons from methylamine dehydrogenase to cytochrome c-551i was observed, reduced amicyanin did not reduce oxidized cytochrome c-551i in the absence of methylami ...	1986	3021532
[transposon-mediated integration of the rp1 plasmid into chromosomes of methylotrophic bacteria].	the homology region between the dna of plasmid rp1ts::tn601 and chromosome of the thermotolerant methylotrophic bacterium methylobacterium sp. skf240 has been constructed by transposon tn601 translocation into the chromosome. the clones of methylobacterium sp. skf240 having integrated the plasmid rp1 into the chromosome have been obtained by conjugation on the basis of above mentioned genetic technique. the integration of plasmid rp1 into the chromosomal dna of the methylotroph has been confirme ...	1986	3029580
the amino acid sequence of the blue copper protein of alcaligenes faecalis.	the complete amino acid sequence of a blue copper protein from alcaligenes faecalis s-6 has been determined. this protein is clearly homologous to pseudoazurins in achromobacter cycloclastes and pseudomonas am1, more distantly related to plant plastocyanins, and markedly different from the azurin of pseudomonas aeruginosa. yet all of these proteins bind copper, and analogous ligands appear to be involved.	1986	3512305
properties and electron transfer specificity of copper proteins from the denitrifier "achromobacter cycloclastes".	a blue copper protein (mr 12,000) was purified from cells of "achromobacter cycloclastes" grown as a denitrifier. when reduced, the blue copper protein transferred electrons to the copper protein nitrite reductase purified from the same cells, whereas a variety of cytochromes from denitrifiers failed to do so. inclusion of a protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, in the buffers employed during preparation yielded purified blue copper protein with 18 more amino acid residues and two t ...	1986	3700338
properties of paracoccus denitrificans amicyanin.	paracoccus denitrificans synthesizes an inducible, periplasmic, blue copper protein [husain, m., & davidson, v.l. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 14626-14629] that can be classified as an amicyanin on the basis of its ability to accept electrons from methylamine dehydrogenase. the amino acid composition and sequence of the 10 n-terminal residues of this protein have been determined. from these data, it is evident that amicyanin is structurally distinct from azurins as it contains no disulfide bond an ...	1986	3718960
preliminary x-ray crystallographic study of amicyanin from paracoccus denitrificans.	single crystals have been prepared of paracoccus denitrificans amicyanin, a blue copper protein that serves as an electron acceptor for methylamine dehydrogenase. the crystals belong to the monoclinic space group p2(1), and have unit cell parameters a = 20.90 a, b = 56.61 a, c = 27.55 a and beta = 96.41. there is one molecule in the asymmetric unit. the crystals diffract to beyond 1.5 a resolution.	1986	3783676
kinetic studies of the copper nitrite reductase from achromobacter cycloclastes and its interaction with a blue copper protein.	transient state, burst and steady state kinetics of reactions of the blue copper nitrite reductase (nir) and blue copper protein from achromobacter cycloclastes are investigated. the two copper-containing species are reacted with each other and where possible with dithionite, ascorbate and nitrite. both copper proteins are fully reduced by dithionite with both s2o4(2-) and so2-. species active. nir is only partially reduced by ascorbate in an unusual biphasic reaction consistent with complete re ...	1987	3593351
redox properties of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase from paracoccus denitrificans.	paracoccus denitrificans synthesizes a methylamine dehydrogenase that contains a covalently bound form of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a prosthetic group [husain, m., & davison, v.l. (1987) j. bacteriol. 169, 1712-1717]. anaerobic reductive titration of this enzyme with dithionite proceeded through a semiquinone intermediate with spectral properties quite distinct from those of the oxidized and reduced species. from these data the molar extinction coefficients were calculated at various wavelengt ...	1987	3651442
dna:dna hybridization studies on the pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs.	the genomic relatedness among 36 strains of pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacteria (ppfms) was estimated by determination of dna base composition and by dna:dna hybridization studies. a reproducible hybridization system was developed for the rapid analysis of multiple dna samples. results indicated that the ppfms comprise four major and several minor homology groups, and that they should remain grouped in a single genus, methylobacterium.	1987	3655730
type 1, blue copper proteins constitute a respiratory nitrite-reducing system in pseudomonas aureofaciens.	pseudomonas aureofaciens truncates the respiratory reduction of nitrate (denitrification) at the level of n2o. the nitrite reductase from this organism was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity and found to be a blue copper protein. the enzyme contained 2 atoms of copper/85 kda, both detectable by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy. the protein was dimeric, with subunits of identical size (40 +/- 3 kda). its pi was 6.05. the epr spectrum showed an axial signal g at 2.2 ...	1987	3665926
the methylamine oxidizing system of pseudomonas am1 reconstituted with purified components.	the electron transport system coupled to the oxidation of methylamine in pseudomonas am1 was investigated by reconstituting it from the highly purified components. a mixture of methylamine dehydrogenase, cytochrome ch and cytochrome c oxidase (= cytochrome aa3) actively oxidized methylamine (161 mol of o2 consumed/mol of heme a of cytochrome c oxidase x min). in this system, addition of amicyanin did not affect the oxygen consumption rate. the oxygen consumption rate of the cell-free extract pre ...	1987	3034870
purification and properties of the hydroxylase component of methane monooxygenase.	methane monooxygenase from methylobacterium sp. strain crl-26 which catalyzes the oxygenation of hydrocarbons was resolved into two components, a hydroxylase and a flavoprotein. an anaerobic procedure was developed for the purification of the hydroxylase to homogeneity. the molecular weight of the hydroxylase as determined by gel filtration was 220,000, and that determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis was about 225,000. the purified hydroxylase contained three nonidentical subunits with ...	1987	3106336
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the methanol dehydrogenase structural gene from paracoccus denitrificans.	a genomic clone bank of paracoccus denitrificans dna has been constructed in the expression vector set pex1, pex2, and pex3. screening of this clone bank with antibodies raised against p. denitrificans methanol dehydrogenase resulted in the isolation of a clone, pnh3, that synthesized methanol dehydrogenase cross-reactive proteins. the nucleotide sequence of the p. denitrificans dna fragment inserted in this clone has been determined and shown to contain the full methanol dehydrogenase structura ...	1987	3114231
the blue copper protein gene of alcaligenes faecalis s-6 directs secretion of blue copper protein from escherichia coli cells.	the gene encoding a blue copper protein (a member of the pseudoazurins) of 123 amino acid residues, containing a single type i cu2+ ion, was cloned from alcaligenes faecalis s-6. the nucleotide sequence of the coding region, as well as the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions, was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence after glu-24 coincided with the reported sequence of the blue protein, and its nh2-terminal sequence of 23 residues resembled a typical signal peptide. the cloned gene was expressed u ...	1987	2824441
genetic and physical analyses of methylobacterium organophilum xx genes encoding methanol oxidation.	when allyl alcohol was used as a suicide substrate, spontaneous mutants and uv light- and nitrous acid-generated mutants of methylobacterium organophilum xx were selected which grew on methylamine but not on methanol. there was no detectable methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) activity in crude extracts of these mutants, yet western blots revealed that some mutants still produced mdh protein. complementation of 50 mutants by a cosmid gene bank of m. organophilum xx demonstrated that three major regions ...	1988	2826390
resonance raman spectroscopy of amicyanin, a blue copper protein from paracoccus denitrificans.	the copper binding site of amicyanin from paracoccus denitrificans has been examined by resonance raman spectroscopy. the pattern of vibrational modes is clearly similar to those of the blue copper proteins azurin and plastocyanin. intense resonance-enhanced peaks are observed at 377, 392, and 430 cm-1 as well as weaker overtones and combination bands in the high frequency region. most of the peaks below 500 cm-1 shift 0.5-1.5 cm-1 to lower energy when the protein is exposed to d2o. based on the ...	1988	2830281
reassessment of copper stoichiometry in ascorbate oxidase.	a very pure ascorbate oxidase solution was obtained by dissolving a crystalline sample of the enzyme. the ratio between 280 and 610 nm absorbancies was 22.5. it contained 8.0 +/- 0.2 cu ions, 50% epr detectable, per dimeric molecule (140,000 m.w.) with a molar extinction coefficient of 10,000 cm-1 at 610 nm. two cu ions were removed by treatment with n,n-diethyldithiocarbamate. the optical blue absorption band was unaffected, while two epr detectable cu ions were lost, with disappearance of the ...	1988	2835039
the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the genes for cytochrome cl and a hypothetical second subunit of the methanol dehydrogenase of methylobacterium am1.		1988	2842733
the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the cytochrome cl gene of methylobacterium extorquens am1, a novel class of c-type cytochrome.	the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the cytochrome cl of methylobacterium extorquens (pseudomonas am1; methylobacterium am1) shows that this cytochrome c is completely different, except for its haem-binding site, from all other cytochromes.	1988	2851998
localization of a pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis gene near the methanol dehydrogenase structural gene in methylobacterium organophilum dsm 760.	a partial sau3ai genomic bank of methylobacterium organophilum dsm 760 was constructed in the cosmid psup106 and moxf, the structural gene for methanol dehydrogenase, was isolated. in m. organophilum, psup106 behaves as a suicide plasmid. this property was used to insert tn5 into the bacterial chromosome, in the vicinity of moxf, by marker exchange. mobilization of the tn5-labelled chromosomal region by a broad-host-range plasmid, pjb3j1 (an r68-45 derivative), allowed the selection of several l ...	1988	2855527
a search for intermediates in the bacterial biosynthesis of pqq.	studies on the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) were performed with acinetobacter calcoaceticus pqq- -mutants belonging to genetically different complementation groups. all mutants were unable to grow on l-arabinose, the conversion of this substrate by the organism only occurring via membrane-bound quinoprotein (pqq-containing) glucose dehydrogenase. in general, the same observation and conclusion applied to shikimate and quinate, requiring active quinoprotein quinate dehydrogenase ...	1988	2855587
nucleotide sequence and transcriptional start site of the methylobacterium organophilum xx methanol dehydrogenase structural gene.	the nucleotide sequence of a cloned 2.5-kilobase-pair smai fragment containing the methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) structural gene from methylobacterium organophilum xx was determined. a single open reading frame with a coding capacity of 626 amino acids (molecular weight, 66,000) was identified on one strand, and n-terminal sequencing of purified mdh revealed that 27 of these residues constituted a putative signal peptide. primer extension mapping of in vivo transcripts indicated that the start of ...	1988	2459109
identification of putative methanol dehydrogenase (moxf) structural genes in methylotrophs and cloning of moxf genes from methylococcus capsulatus bath and methylomonas albus bg8.	an open-reading-frame fragment of a methylobacterium sp. strain am1 gene (moxf) encoding a portion of the methanol dehydrogenase structural protein has been used as a hybridization probe to detect similar sequences in a variety of methylotrophic bacteria. this hybridization was used to isolate clones containing putative moxf genes from two obligate methanotrophic bacteria, methylococcus capsulatus bath and methylomonas albus bg8. the identity of these genes was confirmed in two ways. a t7 expres ...	1988	3129400
the moxfg region encodes four polypeptides in the methanol-oxidizing bacterium methylobacterium sp. strain am1.	the polypeptides encoded by a putative methanol oxidation (mox) operon of methylobacterium sp. strain am1 were expressed in escherichia coli, using a coupled in vivo t7 rna polymerase/promoter gene expression system. two mox genes had been previously mapped to this region: moxf, the gene encoding the methanol dehydrogenase (medh) polypeptide; and moxg, a gene believed to encode a soluble type c cytochrome, cytochrome cl. in this study, four polypeptides of mr 60,000, 30,000, 20,000, and 12,000 w ...	1988	3129405
prokaryotic hopanoids: the biosynthesis of the bacteriohopane skeleton. formation of isoprenic units from two distinct acetate pools and a novel type of carbon/carbon linkage between a triterpene and d-ribose.	incorporation of 13c-labelled acetate into the hopanoids of the purple non-sulfur bacteria rhodopseudomonas palustris and rhodopseudomonas acidophila and the facultative methylotroph methylobacterium organophilum showed that the bacteriohopane skeleton is built from an unique carbon/carbon linkage between the triterpenic hopane moiety and the c-5 carbon of a d-ribose derivative arising from the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. furthermore a probable compartmentation of the acetate metabo ...	1988	3136017
plasmid analysis and cloning of the dichloromethane-utilization genes of methylobacterium sp. dm4.	the dichloromethane (dcm)-utilizing facultative methylotroph methylobacterium sp. dm4 was shown to contain three plasmids with approximate size of 120 kb, 40 kb and 8 kb. curing experiments suggested that the dcm-utilization character was correlated with the possession of an intact 120 kb plasmid. the dcm-utilization genes were cloned on the broad-host-range vector pvk100. plasmid pme1510, a recombinant plasmid carrying a 21 kb hindiii fragment complemented dcm-utilization-negative derivatives o ...	1988	3141582
complex formation between methylamine dehydrogenase and amicyanin from paracoccus denitrificans.	two proteins isolated from paracoccus denitrificans, the copper-containing electron carrier amicyanin and the pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzyme methylamine dehydrogenase, have been shown to form a complex. complex formation between methylamine dehydrogenase and either oxidized or reduced amicyanin resulted in alterations in the absorbance spectrum of the pyrroloquinoline quinone prosthetic group of methylamine dehydrogenase. binding of amicyanin to the enzyme exhibited positive cooperat ...	1988	3170535
preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of methylamine dehydrogenase and methylamine dehydrogenase--amicyanin complexes from paracoccus denitrificans.		1988	3210240
cu(i) analysis of blue copper proteins.	a simple colorimetric test for the cu(i) content in blue copper proteins is described. the procedure is based on the formation of a complex between cu(i) and 2,2'-biquinoline in an acetic acid medium. analyses of spinach plastocyanin, pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and rhus vernicifera stellacyanin show that the cysteine residue in the type 1 site does not induce cu(ii) reduction under our conditions. there is evidence in laccase samples for the presence of an endogenous reductant that can reduce ...	1988	3223941
peritonitis due to methylobacterium mesophilicum complicating ambulatory peritoneal dialysis--british columbia.		1988	3242906
the hopanoids of the purple non-sulfur bacteria rhodopseudomonas palustris and rhodopseudomonas acidophila and the absolute configuration of bacteriohopanetetrol.	five complex hopanoids have been detected in the purple non-sulfur bacterium rhodopseudomonas acidophila. next to the polyfunctionalized methylcyclopentane bacteriohopanetetrol ether already isolated from methylobacterium organophilum, 35-carbamoylbacteriohopane-32,33,34-triol, 34,35-dicarbamoylbacteriohopane-32,33-diol and two nucleoside analogues, (22r)-30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane and (22s)-30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane were isolated and identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. in rhodopseudomona ...	1988	3338464
preliminary x-ray crystallographic study of amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus.		1988	3351942
preferred sites and pathways for electron transfer in blue copper proteins.	long-range electron transfer reactions proceed within and between metalloproteins at relatively fast rates and with marked specificities. the blue single copper proteins are well known electron carriers with their redox center being of limited accessibility to solvent and solutes. the question of where and how electrons are transferred to and from the copper-ion have been investigated. one experimental approach developed in order to pursue these problems is that of reductively labeling several r ...	1988	3406028
phase determination by multiple-wavelength x-ray diffraction: crystal structure of a basic "blue" copper protein from cucumbers.	a novel x-ray diffraction technique, multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (mad) phasing, has been applied to the de novo determination of an unknown protein structure, that of the "blue" copper protein isolated from cucumber seedlings. this method makes use of crystallographic phases determined from measurements made at several wavelengths and has recently been made technically feasible through the use of intense, polychromatic synchrotron radiation together with accurate data collection fro ...	1988	3406739
a 1h-nmr study on the blue copper protein amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus. resonance identifications, structural rearrangements and determination of the electron self-exchange rate constant.	a number of resonances in the 1h-nmr spectra of reduced and oxidised amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus have been identified by one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the second-order electron self-exchange rate constant (8.5 x 10(4) m-1.s-1; ph = 7.4; t = 308.5 k) was determined by measuring the line broadening of six singlets in slightly oxidised solutions of the protein. a large increase in electron exchange rate is observed in the presence of ferrocyanide. the copper atom in the reactive ...	1988	3416870
evolution of blue copper proteins.	the evolutionary relationships of blue copper proteins are reviewed. five homologous families of small blue proteins are recognized. despite differences in length their peptide chains can all be accommodated into the eight-stranded fold of plastocyanin with some adjustments at three of the loops and the two termini. the c-termini of the blue oxidases ceruloplasmin and neurospora laccase also fit into this fold and they are suggested to be homologous to the small blue proteins. the alignment of t ...	1988	3043463
the poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granule in vivo. a new insight based on nmr spectroscopy of whole cells.	high resolution 13c nmr spectroscopy of live cells has been used to show that poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) is predominantly in a mobile state within the storage granules of alcaligenes eutrophus, methylobacterium extorquens, and methylobacterium am1. comparison of chemical and nmr analysis of phb indicates that about 70% of the polymer in a. eutrophus gives sharp observable resonances. temperature-dependent line widths and relaxation rates together with nuclear overhauser effect measurements ...	1989	2492534
the second subunit of methanol dehydrogenase of methylobacterium extorquens am1.	the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a novel small (beta) subunit of methanol dehydrogenase of methylobacterium extorquens am1 (previously pseudomonas am1) has been determined. work with the whole protein has shown that is has an alpha 2 beta 2 configuration.	1989	2504152
plasmid analysis in pink facultative methylotrophic bacteria using a modified acetone-alkaline hydrolysis method.	routine screening of indigenous and recombinant plasmids in pink facultative methylotrophic bacteria has been difficult, time-consuming, and yields variable results. we report a modified alkaline hydrolysis method for rapid plasmid isolation from these organisms that reproducibly results in good yields of closed circular plasmid dna which can be readily digested with restriction enzymes. this method greatly facilitates direct screening of indigenous and introduced recombinant plasmids in the met ...	1989	2507392
studies on electron transfer from methanol dehydrogenase to cytochrome cl, both purified from hyphomicrobium x.	ferricytochrome cl isolated from hyphomicrobium x is an electron acceptor in assays for homologous methanol dehydrogenase (mdh), albeit a poor one compared with artificial dyes. the intermediates of mdh seen during the reaction are identical with those observed with wurster's blue as electron acceptor, indicating that the reaction cycles are similar. the assay showed a ph optimum of approx. 7.0 and scarcely any stimulation by nh4cl, this being in contrast with assays with artificial dyes, where ...	1989	2537627
mutants of methylobacterium organophilum unable to synthesize pqq.	the phenotype of mutants unable to synthesize pqq is analyzed for different categories of methylotrophic bacteria. the advantages offered by strains dissimilating methylamine through methylated amino-acids are discussed. in m.organophilum, 40% of the mutants unable to grow in methanol medium but with normal methylamine utilization, were affected in pqq metabolism. the genetic properties of m. organophilum useful to study pqq mutants are discussed, mainly the use of psup106 to create insertion mu ...	1989	2549861
pqq: biosynthetic studies in methylobacterium am1 and hyphomicrobium x using specific 13c labeling and nmr.	using 13c labeling and nmr spectroscopy we have determined biosynthetic precursors of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) in two closely related serine-type methylotrophs, methylobacterium am1 and hyphomicrobium x. analysis of the 13c-labeling data revealed that pqq is constructed from two amino acids: the portion containing n-6,c-7, 8, 9 and the two carboxylic acid groups, c-7' and 9', is derived-intact -from glutamate. the remaining portion is derived from tyrosine; the phenol side chain provides t ...	1989	2549867
the 'methylamine oxidase' system of an obligate methylotroph.	the terminal respiratory oxidase was solubilized from membranes of organism 4025, an obligate methylotroph. the partially purified oxidase is probably a cytochrome co. it does not oxidize amicyanin, but it oxidizes 'azurin' and cytochromes ch and cl. by using a complete 'methylamine oxidase' system reconstituted from pure methylamine dehydrogenase, purified oxidase and soluble blue copper proteins and cytochromes, it was confirmed that amicyanin is essential for methylamine oxidation; it could n ...	1989	2549960
cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the 72-kilodalton dehydrogenase subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter aceti.	a genomic library of acetobacter aceti dna was constructed by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector. complementation of a spontaneous alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient mutant resulted in the isolation of a plasmid designated paa701. subcloning and deletion analysis of paa701 limited the region that complemented the deficiency in alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the mutant. the nucleotide sequence of this region was determined and showed that this region contained the full structural gene for the ...	1989	2722742
a pink-pigmented, oxidative, nonmotile bacterium as a cause of opportunistic infections.	we describe two cases of bacteremia due to a pink-pigmented, oxidative, nonmotile, gram-negative, rod-shaped organism. one case occurred in a febrile neutropenic patient and another in a chronically debilitated patient with pancreatic abscess. the first patient was cured with gentamicin and ticarcillin, but the second patient died while receiving cefamandole therapy. the organisms described here are similar to methylobacterium mesophilicum (pseudomonas mesophilica) and the "unnamed taxon" organi ...	1989	2730267
a 2.0-a structure of the blue copper protein (cupredoxin) from alcaligenes faecalis s-6.	the structure of a blue copper protein, cupredoxin, from the potent denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes faecalis s-6, has been determined and refined against 2 a x-ray diffraction data. the agreement between observed and calculated structure factors is 0.159, and estimated errors in coordinates are 0.09-0.15 a. the protein folds in a beta sandwich similar to plastocyanin and azurin and includes features such as a "kink" and a "tyrosine loop" which have been noted previously for these proteins as ...	1989	2909547
primary structure of cucumber (cucumis sativus) ascorbate oxidase deduced from cdna sequence: homology with blue copper proteins and tissue-specific expression.	cdna clones for ascorbate oxidase were isolated from a cdna library made from cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit mrna. the library was screened with synthetic oligonucleotides that encode the nh2-terminal sequence of this enzyme. nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cdna inserts revealed a 1761-base-pair open reading frame that encoded an nh2-terminal signal peptide of 33 amino acids and a mature enzyme of 554 amino acids (mr, 62,258). the amino acid sequence deduced from nucleotide sequence ...	1989	2919172
organization of genes required for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde in three type ii methylotrophs.	restriction maps of genes required for the synthesis of active methanol dehydrogenase in methylobacterium organophilum xx and methylobacterium sp. strain am1 have been completed and compared. in these two species of pink-pigmented, type ii methylotrophs, 15 genes were identified that were required for the expression of methanol dehydrogenase activity. none of these genes were required for the synthesis of the prosthetic group of methanol dehydrogenase, pyrroloquinoline quinone. the structural ge ...	1989	16348074
identification of the methylhopanes in sediments and petroleum.	three c31 methylhopanes have been prepared by partial synthesis from appropriate diplopterol precursors. 2 alpha-methyldiplopterol (prepared from 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one), 2 beta-methyldiplopterol (isolated from methylobacterium organophilum), and a mixture of diplopterol and 3 beta-methyldiplopterol (isolated from methylococcus capsulatus) were each converted to the corresponding 17 alpha(h), 21 beta(h)-hopane. comparison of these standards, using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry with mult ...	1990	11537193
16s ribosomal rna sequence analysis for determination of phylogenetic relationship among methylotrophs.	16s ribosomal rnas (rrna) of 12 methylotrophic bacteria have been almost completely sequenced to establish their phylogenetic relationships. methylotrophs that are physiologically related are phylogenetically diverse and are scattered among the purple eubacteria (class proteobacteria). group i methylotrophs can be classified in the beta- and the gamma-subdivisions and group ii methylotrophs in the alpha-subdivision of the purple eubacteria, respectively. pink-pigmented facultative and non-pigmen ...	1990	1693657
dynamic fluorescence in copper proteins. selected examples.	the fluorescence properties of three copper proteins, namely human superoxide dismutase, pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and thiobacillus versutus amicyanin have been studied. all these proteins show a non-exponential decay of fluorescence, though the tryptophanyl residues responsible for the emission are very differently located in the three proteins. all the three decays can be fitted by at least two lifetimes or better with one or two lorentzian-shaped, continuous distributions of lifetime. in ...	1990	2096899
sequence analysis and expression of the bacterial dichloromethane dehalogenase structural gene, a member of the glutathione s-transferase supergene family.	the nucleotide sequence of a cloned 2.8-kilobase-pair bamhi-psti fragment containing dcma, the dichloromethane dehalogenase structural gene from methylobacterium sp. strain dm4, was determined. an open reading frame with a coding capacity of 287 amino acids (molecular weight, 37,430) was identified as dcma by its agreement with the n-terminal amino acid sequence, the total amino acid composition, and the subunit size of the purified enzyme. alignment of the deduced dichloromethane dehalogenase a ...	1990	2104602
nucleotide sequence of the methylobacterium extorquens am1 moxf and moxj genes involved in methanol oxidation.	the nucleotide sequence has been determined for two genes involved in methanol oxidation in the facultative methylotroph, methylobacterium extorquens am1. the two genes are moxf, encoding the 66-kda subunit of the methanol dehydrogenase and moxj, located immediately downstream from moxf, which encodes a 30-kda protein with unknown function. this information completes the sequence of the 5.86-kb xhoi-sali fragment containing the moxfjgi region in m. extorquens am1, and the structure of this gene ...	1990	2116368
cloning and sequencing of the structural gene for the small subunit of methylamine dehydrogenase from methylobacterium extorquens am1: evidence for two tryptophan residues involved in the active center.	in two independent clone libraries, clones were identified that hybridized with oligonucleotide probes based on n- or c-terminal polypeptide sequence of the small subunit of methylamine dehydrogenase from methylobacterium extorquens am1. plasmids from all clones had in common a 5.2 kb bam hi-hindiii dna fragment. a 0.57 kb sacii-bcli subfragment that hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes was sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis coincided with polypeptide sequence data in the structural par ...	1990	2121141
genetics of carbon metabolism in methylotrophic bacteria.	the application of genetic techniques to the methylotrophic bacteria has greatly enhanced studies of these important organisms. two methylotrophic systems have been studied in some detail, the serine cycle for formaldehyde assimilation and the methanol oxidation system. in both cases, genes have been cloned and mapped in methylobacterium species (facultative serine cycle methanol-utilizers). in addition, methanol oxidation genes have been studied in an autotrophic methanol-utilizer (paracoccus d ...	1990	2128803
characterization of a novel soluble c-type cytochrome in a moxd mutant of methylobacterium extorquens am1.	methylobacterium extorquens am1 contains a novel c-type cytochrome, called cytochrome c-553, previously thought to be a precursor of the electron acceptor (cytochrome cl) for methanol dehydrogenase. its amino acid composition and serological characteristics show that it has no structural relationship to cytochrome cl. it usually comprises less than 5% of the total c-type cytochromes. in a moxd mutant, which contains neither methanol dehydrogenase nor cytochrome cl, it comprises 30% of the solubl ...	1990	2161900
the methanol-oxidizing system of methylobacterium extorquens am1 reconstituted with purified constituents.	the electron transport system (with cytochrome aa3) coupled to the oxidation of methanol in methylobacterium extorquens am1 (former pseudomonas am1) was reconstituted with highly purified constituents of the system. a mixture of 2.7 microm methanol dehydrogenase, 3.2 microm cytochrome ch, and 71 nm cytochrome c oxidase (= cytochrome aa3) consumed oxygen at a lower rate in the presence of methanol, while its activity was enhanced 3-fold by the addition of 1.4 microm cytochrome cl (74 mol of o2 co ...	1990	2168871
mutagenesis of the gene encoding amicyanin of paracoccus denitrificans and the resultant effect on methylamine oxidation.	the gene encoding the blue-copper protein amicyanin was isolated from a genomic bank of paracoccus denitrificans by using a synthetic oligonucleotide. it is located directly downstream of the gene encoding the small subunit of methylamine dehydrogenase. amicyanin is transcribed as a precursor protein with a signal sequence, typical for periplasmic proteins. specific inactivation of amicyanin by means of gene replacement techniques resulted in the complete loss of the ability to grow on methylami ...	1990	2261991
ph-dependent semiquinone formation by methylamine dehydrogenase from paracoccus denitrificans. evidence for intermolecular electron transfer between quinone cofactors.	the quinonoid confactors of paracoccus denitrificans methylamine dehydrogenase exhibited a ph-dependent redistribution of electrons from the 50% reduced plus 50% oxidized to the 100% semiquinone redox form. this phenomenon was only observed at ph values greater than 7.5. the semiquinone was not readily reduced by addition of methylamine, consistent with the view that this substrate donates two electrons at a time to each cofactor during catalysis. once formed at ph 9.0, no change in redox state ...	1990	2271681
ph-dependent redox activity and fluxionality of the copper site in amicyanin from thiobacillus yersutus as studied by 300- and 600- mhz 1h nmr.	the kinetics of the deuteronation of one of the copper ligand histidines of the reduced type i blue-copper protein amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus was studied as a function of temperature by 300- and 600- mhz 1h nmr. the nmr data were analyzed with the help of a three site exchange model. deuteron exchange between the histidine ligand and the solution appears to be catalyzed by phosphate. after deuteronation the histidine can occur in two conformations. the electron self-exchange rate of am ...	1990	2303425
biochemical and chemical characterization of pink-pigmented oxidative bacteria.	the biochemical and chemical characteristics were determined for 156 clinical isolates of pink-pigmented bacteria that are similar to but distinct from methylobacterium extorquens (synonymous with pseudomonas mesophilica). these isolates were gram-negative, nonfermentative, usually nonvacuolated, coccoid rods; all grew at 35 degrees c and were catalase and urease positive; the majority grew on macconkey agar and were variable for oxidase production and motility. on the basis of oxidation of xylo ...	1990	2332467
chemical cross-linking study of complex formation between methylamine dehydrogenase and amicyanin from paracoccus denitrificans.	two soluble periplasmic redox proteins from paracoccus denitrificans, the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase and the copper protein amicyanin, form a weakly associated complex that is critical to their physiological function in electron transport [gray, k. a., davidson, v. l., & knaff, d. b. (1988) j. biol. chem. 263, 13987-13990]. the specific interactions between methylamine dehydrogenase and amicyanin have been studied by using the water-soluble cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethyla ...	1990	2383547
the blue oxidases, ascorbate oxidase, laccase and ceruloplasmin. modelling and structural relationships.	on the basis of the spatial structure of ascorbate oxidase [messerschmidt, a., rossi, a., ladenstein, r., huber, r., bolognesi, m., gatti, g., marchesini, a., petruzzelli, r. & finazzi-agro, a. (1989) j. mol. biol. 206, 513-529], an alignment of the amino acid sequence of the related blue oxidases, laccase and ceruloplasmin is proposed. this strongly suggests a three-domain structure for laccase closely related to ascorbate oxidase and a six-domain structure of ceruloplasmin. these domains demon ...	1990	2404764
genetic organization of methylamine utilization genes from methylobacterium extorquens am1.	an isolated 5.2-kb fragment of methylobacterium extorquens am1 dna was found to contain a gene cluster involved in methylamine utilization. analysis of polypeptides synthesized in an escherichia coli t7 expression system showed that five genes were present. two of the genes encoded the large and small subunits of methylamine dehydrogenase, and a third encoded amicyanin, the presumed electron acceptor for methylamine dehydrogenase, but the function of the other two genes is not known. the order o ...	1991	1653226
isolation and characterization of the moxj, moxg, moxi, and moxr genes of paracoccus denitrificans: inactivation of moxj, moxg, and moxr and the resultant effect on methylotrophic growth.	by using the moxf gene encoding the large fragment of methanol dehydrogenase as a probe, a downstream linked chromosomal fragment was isolated from a genomic bank of paracoccus denitrificans. the nucleotide sequence of the fragment was determined and revealed the 3' part of moxf, four additional open reading frames, and the 5' part of a sixth one. the organization and deduced amino acid sequences of the first three frames downstream from moxf were found to be largely homologous to the moxj, moxg ...	1991	1657871
isolation, sequencing, and mutagenesis of the gene encoding cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans and characterization of the mutant strain.	the periplasmically located cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans was purified from cells grown aerobically on choline as the carbon source. the purified protein was digested with trypsin to obtain several protein fragments. the n-terminal regions of these fragments were sequenced. on the basis of one of these sequences, a mix of 17-mer oligonucleotides was synthesized. by using this mix as a probe, the structural gene encoding cytochrome c553i (cycb) was isolated. the nucleotide sequence ...	1991	1657873
purification and characterization of hydroxypyruvate reductase from the facultative methylotroph methylobacterium extorquens am1.	hydroxypyruvate reductase was purified to homogeneity from the facultative methylotroph methylobacterium extorquens am1. it has a molecular mass of about 71 kda, and it consists of two identical subunits with a molecular mass of about 37 kda. this enzyme uses both nadh (km = 0.04 mm) and nadph (km = 0.06 mm) as cofactors, uses hydroxypyruvate (km = 0.1 mm) and glyoxylate (km = 1.5 mm) as the only substrates for the forward reaction, and carries out the reverse reaction with glycerate (km = 2.6 m ...	1991	1657886
complementation of methylobacterium organophilum mutants affected in pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis genes pqqe and pqqf by cloned escherichia coli chromosomal dna.	the hybrid plasmid pbgt3, a derivative of pla2917 containing a 7.8-kb fragment of escherichia coli dna, was found to complement pqqe and pqqf mutants of methylobacterium organophilum, both impaired in pqq biosynthesis. the cloned fragment of e. coli dna did not hybridize with dna fragments containing pqqe or pqqf previously cloned from m. organophilum. yet, in m. organophilum mutants, expression of pqqe and pqqf genes from e. coli resulted in a pqq production estimated at 9-16% of the production ...	1991	1663886
cloning, sequencing and expression studies of the genes encoding amicyanin and the beta-subunit of methylamine dehydrogenase from thiobacillus versutus.	the genes encoding amicyanin and the beta-subunit of methylamine dehydrogenase (madh) from thiobacillus versutus have been cloned and sequenced. the organization of these genes makes it likely that they are coordinately expressed and it supports earlier findings that the blue copper protein amicyanin is involved in electron transport from methylamine to oxygen. the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the amicyanin-encoding gene is in agreement with the published protein s ...	1991	1765062
[the autoselection of neustonic forms of bacteria].	self-breeding of neuston forms of methylobacterium sp., pseudomonas putida bc-2, alcaligenes paradoxus bc-1, bacillus thuringiensis var. israilensis bacteria as well as of a mixed culture of methylotrophs is shown possible. in spite of ability of hydrophobicity of the cell surface the suggested method of self-breeding may be used to perfect properties of larvicidal biopreparations, and bacterial preparations which intensify self-purification of water bodies.	1991	1791780
characterization of new plasmids from methylotrophic bacteria.	several tens of methanol-utilizing bacterial strains isolated from soil were screened for the presence of plasmids. from the obligate methylotroph methylomonas sp. strain r103a plasmid pih36 (36 kb) was isolated and its restriction map was constructed. in pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (ppfm), belonging to the genus methylobacterium four plasmids were detected: plasmids pib200 (200 kb) and pib14 (14 kb) in the strain r15d and plasmids pwu14 (14 kb) and pwu7 (7.8 kb) in the strain m17. ...	1991	1796807
nucleotide sequence of the amicyanin gene from methylobacterium extorquens am1.	the gene for amicyanin from the methylotrophic bacterium, methylobacterium extorquens am1 was identified. it encodes a protein consisting of 119 amino acids with a molecular weight of 12,609 kda. the amino acid sequence shows the presence of a typical leader sequence and signal peptidase recognition site. two putative hairpin structures were found, one located directly behind the amicyanin gene and another located 50 bp upstream. the same sequence aaaatccc was found near the start codons for the ...	1991	1802036
transformation of a methylotrophic bacterium, methylobacterium extorquens, with a broad-host-range plasmid by electroporation.	electroporation was used to transform the methylotrophic bacterium methylobacterium extorquens with broad-host-range plasmid pla2917, which contains a gene specifying resistance to kanamycin. plasmid dna was introduced into m. extorquens in the presence of an electric pulse, and kanamycin-resistant transformants were obtained. these transformants harbored plasmid dna that was identical to plasmid pla2917. we examined several factors independently and found up to 8 x 10(3) transformants per micro ...	1991	1809210
theta, a new class of glutathione transferases purified from rat and man.	glutathione transferases (gsts) of a novel class, which it is proposed to term theta, were purified from rat and human liver. two, named gst 5-5 and gst 12-12, were obtained from the rat, and one, named gst theta, was from the human. unlike other mammalian gsts they lack activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and are not retained by gsh affinity matrices. only gst 5-5 retains full activity during purification, and its activities towards the substrates 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane, p ...	1991	1848757
electron transfer in proteins: in search of preferential pathways.	electron migration between and within proteins is one of the most prevalent forms of biological energy conversion processes. electron transfer reactions take place between active centers such as transition metal ions or organic cofactors over considerable distances at fast rates and with remarkable specificity. the electron transfer is attained through weak electronic interaction between the active sites, so that considerable research efforts are centered on resolving the factors that control th ...	1991	1868979