Publications

campylobacter cinaedi (sp. nov.) and campylobacter fennelliae (sp. nov.): two new campylobacter species associated with enteric disease in homosexual men.	in a recent study in seattle, we isolated campylobacter-like organisms (clos) significantly more often from homosexual men with intestinal symptoms than from asymptomatic heterosexual and homosexual control subjects. biochemical tests, morphology, and guanine-plus-cytosine content of whole-cell dna showed that these organisms were similar to, but distinguishable from, other species in the genus campylobacter. dna homology tests showed that the campylobacter-like organisms belong to four unique g ...	1985	3965584
"campylobacter cinaedi" bacteremia: case report and laboratory findings.	"campylobacter cinaedi" was isolated from the blood of a 29-year-old homosexual man with previously diagnosed acquired immune deficiency syndrome. subculturing of the organism was achieved with the use of 7% lysed horse blood and 10% sheep blood agars at 37 degrees c in a microaerophilic atmosphere. problems associated with the culturing of this organism are reviewed.	1987	3584432
atypical campylobacters associated with gastroenteritis.	nine strains of campylobacter species other than campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter laridis were isolated from patients with acute diarrhea. all nine strains showed preferred growth at 37 degrees c under microaerophilic conditions. conventional microbiological tests and dna-dna dot blotting were used to identify these strains. three of the nine campylobacter strains hydrolyzed hippurate, reduced nitrate, produced catalase, were resistant to cephalothin, and were shown to ...	1987	3611317
successive bacteremias with "campylobacter cinaedi" and "campylobacter fennelliae" in a bisexual male.	a bisexual human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive male had successive bacteremias with "campylobacter cinaedi" and "campylobacter fennelliae." because final identification of both isolates was not completed until 1 month after the last admission of the patient, a novel and nonstandardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing method was useful in guiding timely antimicrobial therapy.	1987	3667922
reassessment of selective agars and filtration techniques for isolation of campylobacter species from faeces.	four different studies were conducted in order to re-evaluate conventional methods and assess the efficacy of new selective agars and a filtration method for the isolation of campylobacters. skirrow's medium, preston agar, modified ccd agar and fennell's medium, incubated microaerobically at 37 degrees c for 48 h, gave similar campylobacter isolation rates from 225 faecal samples, but the latter two media were more selective. evaluation of modified ccd agar demonstrated that campylobacters could ...	1988	3134202
characterization of campylobacter cinaedi and c. fennelliae antigens and analysis of the human immune response.	whole-cell protein patterns of campylobacter cinaedi and c. fennelliae, identified by sds-page, differed from one another and from five other catalase-positive campylobacter species. when immunoblotted with rabbit antisera, c. cinaedi and c. fennelliae showed antigenic profiles that were highly species-specific and had little or no cross-reactivity with antigens of the other campylobacter species tested. antibody responses of 13 homosexual men with c. cinaedi infection demonstrated consistent re ...	1989	2466910
gastroenteritis associated with campylobacter cinaedi.	the atypical campylobacter spp. are being associated increasingly with gastroenteritis in certain population groups. we report the clinical and laboratory features of four cases (in three homosexual men and one heterosexual man) of gastroenteritis that was associated with campylobacter cinaedi. the infection that was caused by this organism clinically was indistinguishable from other mild gut infections and resolved spontaneously without treatment. faecal microscopy was unhelpful in the diagnosi ...	1989	2716603
campylobacter cinaedi is normal intestinal flora in hamsters.	during the course of studies to reproduce proliferative enteritis in hamsters, campylobacter cinaedi was recovered from the feces of the majority of healthy hamsters obtained from two commercial sources. the organisms were cultured by using filtration, a nonselective medium, and a microaerophilic atmosphere containing hydrogen. isolation was hindered by the fastidious nature of c. cinaedi and by the presence of other campylobacter species in the hamster intestine. all hamster c. cinaedi isolates ...	1989	2768458
identification of campylobacter cinaedi isolated from blood and feces of children and adult females.	five campylobacter-like organisms isolated from blood and feces were identified by numerical analysis of gel electrophoretic protein profiles and immunotyping as campylobacter cinaedi. two of these strains were isolated from adult females; the remaining three strains were isolated from children, two of whom were girls. c. cinaedi has hitherto been isolated only from rectal swabs and blood of homosexual and bisexual males with gastrointestinal symptoms. the results presented extend our knowledge ...	1990	2191002
experimental infection of pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemestrina) with campylobacter cinaedi and campylobacter fennelliae.	campylobacter cinaedi and c. fennelliae have been associated with proctocolitis, bacteremia, and asymptomatic rectal infection, primarily in homosexual men. to more directly assess the pathogenic role of these organisms, we studied their disease-producing potential in 12- to 25-day-old pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemestrina). four infant monkeys were challenged with 10(8) to 10(9) c. cinaedi, three were challenged with c. fennelliae, two were challenged with c. jejuni, and one received no microo ...	1990	2254021
revision of campylobacter, helicobacter, and wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of arcobacter gen. nov.	hybridization experiments were carried out between dnas from more than 70 strains of campylobacter spp. and related taxa and either 3h-labeled 23s rrnas from reference strains belonging to campylobacter fetus, campylobacter concisus, campylobacter sputorum, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter nitrofigilis, an unnamed campylobacter sp. strain, and a wolinella succinogenes strain or 3h- or 14c-labeled 23s rrnas from 13 gram-negative reference strains. an immunotyping analysis of 130 antigens ver ...	1991	1704793
use of ciprofloxacin for successful eradication of bacteremia due to campylobacter cinaedi in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected person.	a 36-year-old homosexual man who was infected with human immunodeficiency virus presented with a 2-month history of fever and intermittent diarrhea. stool cultures were negative for bacterial pathogens, ova, parasites, and acid-fast organisms. an initial blood culture became positive after 5 days for a curved, gram-negative rod that was identified later as campylobacter cinaedi. the patient received a series of antibiotic regimens, including a 2-week course of erythromycin followed by a 2-week c ...	1991	1775838
bacteremia due to campylobacter cinaedi in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.		1992	1617064
[current concepts of the biology of bacteria in genus campylobacter and their role in human pathology].	an analytical review of literature on the problem of biological properties of campylobacteria is presented. taxonomic characteristics of campylobacteriosis agents are given. morphological and cultural peculiarities of campylobacteria are considered, their ability to form coccal forms is emphasized. peculiar attention is paid to serotype and biotype characteristics of bacteria of the campylobacter genus. it is shown expedient to develop the home schemes of sero- and biotypization. data on biologi ...	1993	8162201
helicobacter (campylobacter) fennelliae-like organisms as an important but occult cause of bacteraemia in a patient with aids.	we describe the isolation and identification of a helicobacter (campylobacter)-like organism obtained from the blood of a 32-year-old homosexual man with a 10 months' history of aids and progressive mucocutaneous kaposi sarcoma. fever and bacteremia persisted despite sequential administration of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, antibiotics reported to be active against this organism in vitro. facultative organisms like campylobacter fennelliae and campylobacter cinaedi which are ...	1993	8454896
septicemia and meningitis caused by helicobacter cinaedi in a neonate.	helicobacter cinaedi has been most frequently isolated from rectal swabs of homosexual men with proctocolitis. the microorganism is a normal intestinal inhabitant of hamsters. we report a case of septicemia and meningitis by h. cinaedi in a neonate whose mother cared for pet hamsters during the first two trimesters of her pregnancy. the isolate was detected after 3 days of incubation in a bact/alert pediatric blood culture vial and an enrichment broth culture of the cerebrospinal fluid. h. cinae ...	1993	8458951
campylobacter bacteraemia in england and wales, 1981-91.	routine surveillance of infection in england and wales detected 394 cases of campylobacter bacteraemia in 11 years. this represented an average incidence of 1.5 per 1000 intestinal campylobacter infections, with a range of 0.3/1000 in children aged 1-4 years to 5.9/1000 in patients aged 65 years or more. definitive identification of 257 isolates showed that 89% were campylobacter jejuni or c. coli; other species were c. fetus (8.6%), c. lari (0.8%), c. upsaliensis (0.8%), helicobacter (campyloba ...	1993	8519321
helicobacter cinaedi-associated bacteremia and cellulitis in immunocompromised patients.	to define the clinical spectrum of illness associated with helicobacter cinaedi infection in the united states and to determine associated epidemiologic risk factors and optimal laboratory methods for recovery of h. cinaedi.	1994	8017741
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of helicobacter cinaedi and helicobacter fennelliae strains isolated from humans and animals.	by dna-dna hybridization, we classified 26 human strains, 4 dog and cat strains, and 4 hamster strains putatively identified as helicobacter cinaedi as well as 2 human strains and 2 animal strains of helicobacter fennelliae. all but one human strain belonged to the same hybridization group as the type strain of h. cinaedi. the animal strains also appeared to belong to this hybridization group. both human strains of h. fennelliae were shown to be h. fennelliae by dna-dna hybridization, but both a ...	1995	8576350
recurrent helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report.		1995	8645814
multifocal cellulitis and monoarticular arthritis as manifestations of helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia.	helicobacter cinaedi (formerly campylobacter cinaedi) was first detected in the fecal flora of homosexual men. since 1984, 11 case reports of h. cinaedi bacteremia have been published; most cases have presented as a nonspecific febrile illness in homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we identified seven additional cases of h. cinaedi bacteremia in two denver hospitals within a 5-year period, which suggests that this illness is not as rare as was previously thought. ...	1995	7756476
helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia associated with localized pain but not with cellulitis.		1996	8729212
helicobacter cinaedi bacteraemia: varied clinical manifestations in three homosexual males.	we report 3 cases of helicobacter cinaedi bacteraemia in different hosts representing a spectrum of clinical illness associated with this infection. the first was an aids patient with relapsing h. cinaedi bacteraemia despite antibiotic treatment. the second was an hiv seronegative homosexual man with end-stage renal failure, receiving haemodialysis and a previous history of chronic lymphoedema of his legs. he developed h. cinaedi bacteraemia with cellulitis of his left leg. patient 3, an hiv ser ...	1996	8792493
recurrent helicobacter cinaedi cellulitis and bacteraemia in a patient with hiv infection.		1997	9043985
helicobacter westmeadii sp. nov., a new species isolated from blood cultures of two aids patients.	a slowly growing anaerobic helicobacter species was isolated from the blood cultures of two human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients admitted to westmead hospital, westmead, australia, with fevers. the morphology of the isolates was consistent with helicobacter cinaedi or helicobacter fennelliae. the results of culture growth conditions, biochemical tests, gas chromatography data, ribotyping, and 16s rdna sequencing showed that these isolates represent a new helicobacter species, for which ...	1997	9114397
bacteremia caused by helicobacter cinaedi in an aids patients.	helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia has been infrequently described in homosexual patients with hiv infection. it may recur despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we report a bisexual patient with aids in whom h. cinaedi bacteremia developed and presented with prolonged fever and chronic diarrhea. the symptoms resolved without relapse after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, which was administered for the treatment of concurrent parvovirus b19-associated anemia, and subsequent treatment with cl ...	1997	9262063
helicobacter pylori porcdab and oordabc genes encode distinct pyruvate:flavodoxin and 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductases which mediate electron transport to nadp.	helicobacter pylori, a major cause of human gastric disease, is a microaerophilic bacterium that contains neither pyruvate nor 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. previous studies (n. j. hughes, p. a. chalk, c. l. clayton, and d. j. kelly, j. bacteriol. 177:3953-3959, 1995) have indicated that the major routes for the generation of acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) and succinyl-coa are via pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (por) and 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductase (oor), respectively. th ...	1998	9495749
vaca genotypes and genetic diversity in clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori.	genetic diversity in helicobacter pylori strains may affect the function and antigenicity of virulence factors associated with bacterial infection and, ultimately, disease outcome. in this study, dna diversity of h. pylori isolates was examined by analysis of vaca genotypes and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of h. pylori-associated genes (vaca, caga,flaa, ureab, and urecd). thirty-seven h. pylori isolates from 26 patients were successfully classified into distinct va ...	1998	9521135
identification of a novel enteric helicobacter species in a kitten with severe diarrhea.	a previously undescribed helicobacter sp. was recovered from a cat with severe diarrhea. based upon the absence of any other identifiable cause of diarrhea, this helicobacter may be involved in the development of the disease signs. the organism could not be cultured but was described on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and morphology and appeared to be a new species, with helicobacter canis being the most genetically similar species. the presence of a diarrhea-inducing helicobacter i ...	1998	9542907
"flexispira rappini" bacteremia in a child with pneumonia.	we describe a case of "flexispira rappini" bacteremia from a 9-year-old girl who presented with a 5-day history of fever, productive cough, and malaise. a chest x-ray result was compatible with right middle lobe pneumonia. blood culture grew a gram-negative spiral fusiform bacterium 2 days after the inoculation. biochemical tests showed the organism to be catalase negative, oxidase positive, sodium hippurate hydrolysis negative, and urea hydrolysis negative. 16s rrna gene sequencing identified t ...	1998	9620399
scid/ncr mice naturally infected with helicobacter hepaticus develop progressive hepatitis, proliferative typhlitis, and colitis.	hepatitis, proliferative typhlitis, and colitis were characterized in young adult and older scid/ncr mice naturally infected with helicobacter hepaticus. liver lesions consisted of kupffer, ito, and oval cell hyperplasia along with multifocal to coalescing coagulative hepatocyte necrosis. numerous warthin-starry-positive bacteria were observed in the parenchyma, and there were minimal to mild accumulations of monocytic cells and neutrophils. proliferative typhlitis was characterized by moderate ...	1998	9784560
novel intestinal helicobacter species isolated from cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with chronic colitis.	a disease similar to ulcerative colitis in humans has been identified in cotton-top tamarins (ctts) in captivity. the clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding with the pathological features and biochemical abnormalities of ulcerative colitis. approximately 25 to 40% of these animals develop colon cancer after 2 to 5 years of captivity. an infectious etiology has been proposed; however, no microbial agent to date has been identified. helicobacter spp. have been associated ...	1999	9854080
a novel urease-negative helicobacter species associated with colitis and typhlitis in il-10-deficient mice.	a spiral-shaped bacterium with bipolar, single-sheathed flagella was isolated from the intestines of il-10 (interleukin-10)-deficient (il-10(-/-)) mice with inflammatory bowel disease. the organism was microaerobic, grew at 37 and 42 degrees c, and was oxidase and catalase positive but urease negative. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and biochemical and phenotypic criteria, the organism is classified as a novel helicobacter. cesarean section-rederived il-10(-/-) mice without heli ...	1999	10085015
recurrent "flexispira rappini" bacteremia in an adult patient undergoing hemodialysis: case report.	a blood culture from a 65-year-old febrile man undergoing hemodialysis revealed, 5 days after inoculation, an unusual gram-negative fusiform rod with darting motility. during another episode of fever 21 days later, this campylobacter-like organism was again recovered from three blood cultures and subcultured under an h2-enriched microaerobic atmosphere. the organism was catalase negative and oxidase positive and hydrolyzed urea rapidly. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a ...	1999	10203478
septic shock due to helicobacter fennelliae in a non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected heterosexual patient.	helicobacter fennelliae (formerly campylobacter fennelliae) has been reported to cause bacteremia in homosexual men with or without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we report here a 48-year-old, non-hiv-infected, heterosexual man with diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis of the liver who developed bacteremia and septic shock due to h. fennelliae. the patient was treated successfully initially with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and ceftazidime, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam only. th ...	1999	10325388
rapid detection, by pcr and reverse hybridization, of mutations in the helicobacter pylori 23s rrna gene, associated with macrolide resistance.	a pcr-based reverse hybridization system (research prototype kit inno-lipa for h. pylori resistance) was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of 23s ribosomal dna point mutations, associated with macrolide resistance in helicobacter pylori. fifty-seven h. pylori strains (51 natural, 6 laboratory-derived artificial, 52 resistant, and 5 susceptible strains) were tested by pcr-lipa (detecting mutations a2115-->g, g2141-->a, a2142-->g, a2142-->c, a2143-->g, a2143-->c, and a2143-->t), d ...	1999	10390244
recurrent bacteremia caused by a "flexispira"-like organism in a patient with x-linked (bruton's) agammaglobulinemia.	helicobacter spp., except for helicobacter cinaedi, have only rarely been reported in cases of septicemia. a patient with x-linked (bruton's) agammaglobulinemia was found to have persistent sepsis with a helicobacter-like organism despite multiple courses of antibiotics. his periods of sepsis were associated with leg swelling thought to be consistent with cellulitis. the organism was fastidious and required a microaerophilic environment containing h(2) for growth. optimal growth was observed at ...	1999	10405381
an uncommon helicobacter isolate from blood: evidence of a group of helicobacter spp. pathogenic in aids patients.	an unusual helicobacter sp. was isolated from the blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient. this organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis verified that the isolate was a species of helicobacter, most closely related to an undescribed helicobacter-like isolate from vancouver, british columbia, canada, and to helicobacter westme ...	1999	10405434
isolation of helicobacter canis from a colony of bengal cats with endemic diarrhea.	on the basis of biochemical, phenotypic, and 16s rrna analyses, helicobacter canis was isolated from bengal cats with and without chronic diarrhea. because the cats were coinfected with other potential pathogens, including campylobacter helveticus, and because h. canis was isolated from nondiarrheic cats, the causal role of h. canis in producing the diarrhea could not be proven. histologically, the colons of the four affected cats were characterized by mild to moderate neutrophilic, plasmacytic, ...	1999	10488191
comparison of iron uptake in different helicobacter species.	comparison of iron uptake of four helicobacter species (helicobacter pylori, helicobacter felis, helicobacter acinonyx, and helicobacter mustelae), associated with various degrees of gastritis in their respective host, with five other species which colonize the intestinal tract of various animals (helicobacter fennelliae, helicobacter cinaedi, helicobacter muridarum, helicobacter bilis, and helicobacter hepaticus), demonstrated that the iron acquisition system differed according to the ecologica ...	1999	10540911
rapid identification of campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter isolates by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	a rapid two-step identification scheme based on pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the 16s rrna gene was developed in order to differentiate isolates belonging to the campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter genera. for 158 isolates (26 reference cultures and 132 clinical isolates), specific rflp patterns were obtained and species were successfully identified by this assay.	1999	10565952
rapid detection of the chlamydiaceae and other families in the order chlamydiales: three pcr tests.	few identification methods will rapidly or specifically detect all bacteria in the order chlamydiales, family chlamydiaceae. in this study, three pcr tests based on sequence data from over 48 chlamydial strains were developed for identification of these bacteria. two tests exclusively recognized the chlamydiaceae: a multiplex test targeting the ompa gene and the rrna intergenic spacer and a taqman test targeting the 23s ribosomal dna. the multiplex test was able to detect as few as 200 inclusion ...	1999	9986815
prevalence of campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter, and sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters.	the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of campylobacteria including campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli in human clinical samples and in samples from healthy individuals and to reevaluate the efficacies of conventional selective methods for isolation of campylobacter spp. two charcoal-based selective media, modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) and cefoperazone-amphotericin-teicoplanin (cat) agar, were compared with skirrow' ...	2000	10618103
identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, c. upsaliensis, arcobacter butzleri, and a. butzleri-like species based on the glya gene.	currently, the detection and identification of campylobacter and arcobacter species remains arduous, largely due to cross-species phenotypic similarities and a relatively narrow spectrum of biochemical reactivity. we have developed a pcr-hybridization strategy, wherein degenerate primers are used to amplify glya fragments from samples, which are then subjected to species-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe hybridizations, to identify and distinguish between campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. ...	2000	10747131
helicobacter mesocricetorum sp. nov., a novel helicobacter isolated from the feces of syrian hamsters.	a spiral-shaped bacterium with bipolar, single, nonsheathed flagella was isolated from the feces of syrian hamsters. the bacterium grew as a thin spreading film at 37 degrees c under microaerobic conditions, did not hydrolyze urea, was positive for catalase and alkaline phosphatase, reduced nitrate to nitrite, did not hydrolyze hippurate, and was sensitive to nalidixic acid but resistant to cephalothin. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene and biochemical and phenotypic criteria indicate that ...	2000	10790105
misidentifying helicobacters: the helicobacter cinaedi example.	whole-cell protein electrophoresis and biochemical examination by means of a panel of 64 tests were used to identify 14 putative helicobacters to the species level. the results were confirmed by means of dna-dna hybridization experiments and were used to discuss misidentification of helicobacters based on 16s rrna gene sequence data. the data indicated that comparison of near-complete 16s ribosomal dna sequences does not always provide conclusive evidence for species level identification and may ...	2000	10834986
slaughter pigs are commonly infected by closely related but distinct gastric ulcerative lesion-inducing gastrospirilla.	an association between (unculturable) gastrospirillum-like organisms (glo) and ulcerative lesions in the pars oesophagea in stomachs of swine has been claimed. in dogs glo detected by microscopy may represent several helicobacter species or subspecies. therefore we investigated which helicobacter spp. are present in stomachs of swine and their possible association with ulcerative lesions of the pars oesophagea. the presence of helicobacter spp. in the antrum and pars oesophagea in 122 stomachs o ...	2000	10878060
identification of a unique helicobacter species by 16s rrna gene analysis in an abdominal abscess from a patient with x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia.	a unique helicobacter species, mz640285, was isolated from a patient with x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia suffering from recurrent abdominal abscesses and was identified by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. in the phylogenetic tree, the isolate fell into a cluster which included flexispira rappini, helicobacter bilis, and helicobacter sp. strain mainz. helicobacters are being increasingly recognized as pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. these fastidious bacteria are not easily cultured in the r ...	2000	10878075
helicobacter cinaedi septic arthritis and bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient.	we report on the first case of documented helicobacter cinaedi septic arthritis in an immunocompetent heterosexual young man. the patient presented no identified risk factor except for contact with animals that have been incriminated as a possible source of infection, particularly for these patients. despite prolonged bacteremia, the response to long-term therapy with ciprofloxacin and rifampin was excellent.	2000	10913427
efficient isolation of campylobacteria from stools.		2000	10979752
helicobacter aurati sp. nov., a urease-positive helicobacter species cultured from gastrointestinal tissues of syrian hamsters.	a novel helicobacter with the proposed name helicobacter aurati (type strain mit 97-5075c) has been isolated from the inflamed stomachs and ceca of adult syrian hamsters. the new species is fusiform with multiple bipolar sheathed flagella and periplasmic fibers; it contains urease and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. by 16s rrna sequencing and repetitive element pcr-based dna fingerprinting, it was found that h. aurati represents a distinct taxon and clusters with helicobacter muridarum, helicobac ...	2000	11015391
a probable new helicobacter species isolated from a patient with bacteremia.	a probable new helicobacter species was isolated from the blood of a 14-month-old aboriginal child who presented with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and dry cough. the most similar 16s rrna gene sequence was that of helicobacter fennelliae ccug 18820(t) but the new sequence differed from it by at least 32 base substitutions and by the presence of a large (353-nucleotide) intervening sequence.	2000	11015417
evaluation of the alexon-trend prospect campylobacter microplate assay.	we evaluated stool specimens known to contain or be free of campylobacter by traditional culture, using the prospect campylobacter microplate assay (alexon-trend, ramsey, minn.). this rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of campylobacter-specific antigens demonstrated 96% sensitivity and 99% specificity and is an acceptable alternative method of campylobacter detection.	2000	11015419
bacteremia and skin/bone infections in two patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia caused by an unusual organism related to flexispira/helicobacter species.	two patients with bruton's x-linked agammaglobulinemia are described with bacteremia and skin/bone infection due to an organism which by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis was most closely related to "flexispira" rappini (and thus designated a flexispira-like organism, flo) and more distantly related to the helicobacter species. the organism required microaerobic conditions and, supplemental h(2) gas for growth and was reliably stained with acridine orange. in common with helicobacter cinaedi infec ...	2000	11027452
helicobacters of possible zoonotic origin: a review.	since the isolation of helicobacter pylori, many new helicobacter species have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract in humans and animals. in humans, a spiral organism different from h. pylori and provisionally named "helicobacter heilmannii", has been associated with gastritis, gastric ulceration and to a lesser degree, gastric cancer. in addition helicobacter cinaedi, helicobacter fennelliae, helicobacter pullorum and "flexispira rappini" have been isolated from cases of enteric dis ...	2000	11233522
specific detection and prevalence of helicobacter heilmannii-like organisms in the human gastric mucosa by fluorescent in situ hybridization and partial 16s ribosomal dna sequencing.	gastric infection with helicobacter heilmannii (previously known as gastrospirillum hominis) is invariably linked with the presence of chronic gastritis and the risk of developing low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. in contrast to helicobacter pylori, various h. heilmannii species colonize the stomachs of domestic animals, which might be a reservoir for transmission to humans (zoonosis). to identify the number and prevalence of different h. heilmanni types in humans, ...	2001	11283079
isolation of helicobacter cinaedi from the colon, liver, and mesenteric lymph node of a rhesus monkey with chronic colitis and hepatitis.	on the basis of biochemical, phenotypic, and 16s rrna analyses, helicobacter cinaedi was isolated from the colon, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes of a 2-year-old rhesus monkey with chronic diarrhea. histologically, the liver had mild to moderate biliary hyperplasia and hypertrophy with periportal inflammation and fibrosis. colonic and cecal lesions consisted of diffuse chronic inflammation and glandular hyperplasia extending the length of the crypts. this is the first observation of h. cinaedi ...	2001	11283091
helicobacter sp. flexispira bacteremia in an immunocompetent young adult.	a young immunocompetent patient was admitted for a febrile illness with malaise, arthralgias, painful leg swelling, and polyserositis. shortly prior to becoming ill, the patient had traveled to the northern african desert. the symptoms disappeared during treatment with antibiotics (doxycycline and ceftriaxone) but recurred twice after stopping therapy. a motile gram-negative fusiform rod was isolated from a blood culture taken on the first admission. analysis of the 16s rrna gene of the blood cu ...	2001	11325980
coinfection of enteric helicobacter spp. and campylobacter spp. in cats.	during a 6-year period, 64 of 227 commercially reared cats had microaerobic bacteria isolated from their feces. all the isolates were initially identified as campylobacter-like organisms based on biochemical and phenotypic characteristics. dna extractions from 51 of these isolates were subjected to pcr using primers specific for helicobacter spp. and campylobacter spp. of the isolates, 92% (47 of 51 isolates) were positive for campylobacter spp., 41% (21 of 51 isolates) were positive for helicob ...	2001	11376052
helicobacter winghamensis sp. nov., a novel helicobacter sp. isolated from patients with gastroenteritis.	from 1997 to 1999 seven isolates of campylobacter-like organisms from five patients that were exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis, including fever, stomach malaise, and diarrhea, were investigated. the organisms were isolated from stool samples and found to exhibit a diverse colony morphology; hence multiple isolates were submitted from one of the patients. all isolates were found to be identical. the organisms were catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate negative but oxidase and ...	2001	11427547
misidentifying helicobacter cinadei.		2001	11446363
helicobacter typhlonius sp. nov., a novel murine urease-negative helicobacter species.	over the past decade, several helicobacter species have been isolated from rodents. with the advent of pcr for the diagnosis of infectious agents, it has become clear that several previously uncharacterized helicobacter species also colonize rodents. in this report, we describe a novel urease-negative helicobacter, helicobacter typhlonius sp. nov., which was isolated from colonies of laboratory mice independently by two laboratories. infection of immunodeficient mice by this bacterium resulted i ...	2001	11682508
efficient isolation of campylobacter upsaliensis from stools.		2001	11712518
rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli by real-time pcr with fluorescent hybridization probes.	in this report, we present a pcr protocol for rapid identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli on a lightcycler instrument. in a multiplex assay, the genes encoding shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 are detected in a single reaction capillary. a complete analysis of up to 32 samples takes about 45 min.	2001	11136804
emergence of diverse helicobacter species in the pathogenesis of gastric and enterohepatic diseases.	since helicobacter pylori was first cultivated from human gastric biopsy specimens in 1982, it has become apparent that many related species can often be found colonizing the mucosal surfaces of humans and other animals. these other helicobacter species can be broadly grouped according to whether they colonize the gastric or enterohepatic niche. gastric helicobacter species are widely distributed in mammalian hosts and are often nearly universally prevalent. in many cases they cause an inflammat ...	2001	11148003
evaluation of a group-specific 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr for detection of helicobacter bizzozeronii, helicobacter felis, and helicobacter salomonis in fresh and paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens.	a new specific and sensitive 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr assay was developed. the assay targets a 78-bp dna fragment unique to helicobacter bizzozeronii, helicobacter felis, and helicobacter salomonis and can be used with freshly frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens.	2001	11230459
evaluation of a novel heminested pcr assay based on the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for detection of helicobacter pylori in saliva and dental plaque.	a novel heminested pcr protocol was developed for the specific detection of helicobacter pylori at low copy numbers. a set of primers specific for the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene (glmm) of h. pylori produced a 765-bp fragment that was used as template for the heminested primer pair delineating a 496-bp fragment. by using agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the heminested pcr-amplified products, amplification of h. pylori genomic dna was achieved at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg, eq ...	2002	11773117
production and application of new monoclonal antibodies specific for a fecal helicobacter pylori antigen.	the aim of the present study was to establish monoclonal antibodies that could be used to produce a diagnostic test composed of one kind of monoclonal antibody recognizing a fecal helicobacter pylori antigen. the need to develop such a test arose from disadvantages of the diagnostic test that uses a polyclonal antibody or plural kinds of monoclonal antibodies, such as the lower specificity for h. pylori antigen and the difficulty of reproduction with consistent quality. mice were immunized with ...	2002	11777832
molecular evidence of helicobacter cinaedi organisms in human gastric biopsy specimens.	one hundred twenty-six urease-negative gastric biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of helicobacter genus-specific 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and h. pylori-specific glmm dna sequences by pcr. the species specificity of the glmm pcr assay was demonstrated, as h. pylori was the only helicobacter species that yielded the expected glmm amplicon. most urease-negative specimens (118 of 126 specimens) lacked helicobacter dna. however, 8 of 126 urease-negative specimens contained helicobacter ...	2002	11923384
captive rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) are commonly infected with helicobacter cinaedi.	helicobacter cinaedi may cause proctocolitis or bacteremia in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus or occasionally in other immunocompromised hosts. there are scattered reports of h. cinaedi isolated from a variety of animal hosts, but to date only hamsters have been found to be a common natural reservoir. microaerophillic cultures of feces from 5 of 16 asymptomatic rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) (31%) were positive for a curved gram-negative rod. a polyphasic taxonomic app ...	2002	12037042
isolation and characterization of campylobacter, helicobacter, and anaerobiospirillum strains from a puppy with bloody diarrhea.	we carried out a microscopic examination of stools from a 2-month-old female puppy with bloody diarrhea, and this revealed large numbers of different spiral-shaped bacteria. to isolate these organisms, a rectal swab specimen was inoculated onto plates of skirrow's agar and incubated at 37 degrees c for 6 days in a microaerobic atmosphere. finally, a total of six different spiral-shaped bacteria (strains g1104, 94105, fr106, b0101, 3j102, and j2103) were isolated. based on their morphology, bioch ...	2002	12069772
catalase, a specific antigen in the feces of human subjects infected with helicobacter pylori.	recently, we reported the production of three new monoclonal antibodies with high specificity for a helicobacter pylori antigen suitable for diagnosis of h. pylori infection. the aim of the present study was to identify the antigen recognized by these monoclonal antibodies concerning both h. pylori and the feces of human subjects infected with h. pylori. the cellular antigen was purified from an h. pylori cell extract by immunoaffinity column chromatography with the monoclonal antibody as a liga ...	2002	12093673
unique case of helicobacter sp. osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child diagnosed by broad-range 16s pcr.	we report the first case of helicobacter sp. osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child. the infection was diagnosed by broad-range 16s pcr followed by sequencing of the resulting amplicon. all other microbiological investigations proved negative. this case highlights the importance of molecular methods in the diagnosis of unsuspected etiological agents and the potential role of helicobacter sp. in human infection.	2002	12149392
traditional and molecular techniques for the study of emerging bacterial diseases: one laboratory's perspective.	identification of emerging bacterial pathogens generally results from a chain of events involving microscopy, serology, molecular tools, and culture. because of the spectacular molecular techniques developed in the last decades, some authors think that these techniques will shortly supplant culture. the key steps that led to the discovery of emerging bacteria have been reviewed to determine the real contribution of each technique. historically, microscopy has played a major role. serology provid ...	2002	11897062
a real-time pcr assay for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture.	a real-time pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. the specificity of the assay for c. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. the assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. the assay was used to detect c. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contami ...	2003	12620820
helicobacter pylori mutants defective in ruvc holliday junction resolvase display reduced macrophage survival and spontaneous clearance from the murine gastric mucosa.	homologous recombination contributes to the extraordinary genetic diversity of helicobacter pylori and may be critical for surface antigen expression and adaptation to environmental challenges within the stomach. we generated isogenic, nonpolar h. pylori ruvc mutants to investigate the function of ruvc, a holliday junction endonuclease that resolves recombinant joints into nicked duplex products. inactivation of ruvc reduced the frequency of homologous recombination of h. pylori between 17- and ...	2003	12654822
the complete genome sequence of the carcinogenic bacterium helicobacter hepaticus.	helicobacter hepaticus causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in mice. it is the prototype enterohepatic helicobacter species and a close relative of helicobacter pylori, also a recognized carcinogen. here we report the complete genome sequence of h. hepaticus atcc51449. h. hepaticus has a circular chromosome of 1,799,146 base pairs, predicted to encode 1,875 proteins. a total of 938, 953, and 821 proteins have orthologs in h. pylori, campylobacter jejuni, and both pathogens, respectively. h. ...	2003	12810954
infectious agent and immune response characteristics of chronic enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques.	chronic enterocolitis is the leading cause of morbidity in colonies of captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). this study's aim was to identify the common enteric pathogens frequently associated with chronic enterocolitis in normal, immunocompetent rhesus monkeys and to elucidate the influence of this clinical syndrome on the host immune system. we analyzed the fecal specimens from 100 rhesus macaques with or without clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea. retrospective analysis revealed an inc ...	2003	12819098
detection of helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa of patients with gastroduodenal diseases by pcr-restriction analysis using the rna polymerase gene (rpob).	a novel pcr restriction analysis method using the rna polymerase beta-subunit- coding gene (rpob) was employed to both detect and identify helicobacter pylori in biopsy specimens and culture isolates. the rpob dnas (458 bp) were specifically amplified by pcr with the helicobacter-specific primers (hf and hr). based on the determined rpob sequences of the culture isolates, an h. pylori-specific restriction site, tru9i, was found. h. pylori can be identified by observing two discernible dna fragme ...	2003	12843100
genotypic identification of erythromycin-resistant campylobacter isolates as helicobacter species and analysis of resistance mechanism.	the correct identification of campylobacter species remains cumbersome, especially when conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are used for a phenotypical identification. correct identification is important for epidemiological purposes and for studying changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns. six erythromycin-resistant campylobacter strains were investigated by 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing, 23s rdna sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymor ...	2003	12904383
assessment of pcr-dgge for the identification of diverse helicobacter species, and application to faecal samples from zoo animals to determine helicobacter prevalence.	helicobacter species are fastidious bacterial pathogens that are difficult to culture by standard methods. a pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) technique for detection and identification of different helicobacter species was developed and evaluated. the method involves pcr detection of helicobacter dna by genus-specific primers that target 16s rdna and subsequent differentiation of helicobacter pcr products by use of dgge. strains are identified by comparing mobilities of unk ...	2003	12909652
presence of active aliphatic amidases in helicobacter species able to colonize the stomach.	ammonia production is of great importance for the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori as a nitrogen source, as a compound protecting against gastric acidity, and as a cytotoxic molecule. in addition to urease, h. pylori possesses two aliphatic amidases responsible for ammonia production: amie, a classical amidase, and amif, a new type of formamidase. both enzymes are part of a regulatory network consisting of nitrogen metabolism enzymes, including urease and arginase. we examined the role of th ...	2003	14500481
cytolethal distending toxin: a potential virulence factor for helicobacter cinaedi.	although helicobacter cinaedi is the most commonly reported enterohepatic helicobacter in humans, there are no reports of virulence factors, and little is known about how it infects and causes disease. in this study, h. cinaedi isolates from humans and animals were examined for production of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). cdt causes distention in cells and arrest in the g2/m phase of cell division. it is encoded by three genes: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. cdtb is the most conserved. all isolates e ...	2003	14673770
isolation of helicobacter cinaedi from blood of an immunocompromised patient in japan.	we report the isolation of helicobacter cinaedi (previously called " campylobacter-like organism") from the blood of an immunosuppressed japanese patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation. the identification of h. cinaedi was based on the findings of microscopic examinations, biochemical properties, and 16s rrna gene nucleotide sequences. h. cinaedi bacteremia should be considered as one of the critical infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients, and the sequ ...	2003	14691657
identification of bordetella pertussis in a critically ill human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient by direct genotypical analysis of gram-stained material and discrimination from b. holmesii by using a unique reca gene restriction enzyme site.	bordetella pertussis was diagnosed in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient by a newly developed method in which bacterial dna is amplified directly from sputum gram-stained slides. the validation of the method is described along with an additional new pcr-based assay that can distinguish between b. pertussis and bordetella holmesii.	2004	14766870
hla-b27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations.	current evidence supports the concept that reactive arthritis (rea) is an immune-mediated synovitis resulting from slow bacterial infections and showing intra-articular persistence of viable, non-culturable bacteria and/or immunogenetic bacterial antigens synthesized by metabolically active bacteria residing in the joint and/or elsewhere in the body. the mechanisms that lead to the development of rea are complex and basically involve an interaction between an arthritogenic agent and a predispose ...	2004	15084505
helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia presenting as macules in an afebrile patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia.	we describe a 54-year-old man with x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla) and helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia, who presented with tender, hyper-pigmented skin macules without increased local warmth or fever. we propose that this presentation may be a characteristic early sign of bacteremia caused by h. cinaedi and related organisms in otherwise healthy immunocompromised patients. this case demonstrates the importance of a high index of suspicion for h. cinaedi bacteremia in immunocompromised patients ...	2004	15597229
investigation of bovine venereal campyloacteriosis in beef cow herds in new zealand.	to determine regional prevalences of beef cow herds in new zealand positive for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis antibodies in samples of vaginal mucus tested using an immunoglobulin (ig) a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and to examine the suitability of the iga elisa for detecting infection with c. fetus subsp venerealis under field conditions in new zealand.	2005	15731834
identification of cholelithogenic enterohepatic helicobacter species and their role in murine cholesterol gallstone formation.	helicobacter spp are common inhabitants of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and cause a variety of well-described diseases. recent epidemiologic results suggest a possible association between enterohepatic helicobacter spp and cholesterol cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. to test this, we prospectively investigated the effects of helicobacter spp infection in cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis in the highly susceptible c57l/j mouse ...	2005	15825083
characterization of oral strains of cardiobacterium valvarum and emended description of the organism.	the description of the new species cardiobacterium valvarum prompted a search for additional strains of the organism. here we report characterization of four oral cardiobacterium strains from the culture collection of the university of goteborg. the 16s rrna gene sequences of the organisms exhibited 99.6% to 99.3% homology with cardiobacterium valvarum. the cellular fatty acid profiles, electrophoretic patterns of whole-cell proteins, growth rate and nutritional requirement, colonial and cellula ...	2005	15872268
helicobacter cinaedi-associated bacteraemia and erysipelas in an immunocompetent host: a diagnostic challenge.	helicobacter cinaedi was initially recovered from homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. later, it was also isolated from patients with chronic alcoholism, and anecdotally from non-immunocompromized men, women, and children. we describe a case of h. cinaedi-associated bacteraemia and erysipelas in a homosexual but immunocompetent male and the diagnostic problems in identifying the causative organism.	2005	16051580
discordant 16s and 23s rrna gene phylogenies for the genus helicobacter: implications for phylogenetic inference and systematics.	analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences has become the primary method for determining prokaryotic phylogeny. phylogeny is currently the basis for prokaryotic systematics. therefore, the validity of 16s rrna gene-based phylogenetic analyses is of fundamental importance for prokaryotic systematics. discrepancies between 16s rrna gene analyses and dna-dna hybridization and phenotypic analyses have been noted in the genus helicobacter. to clarify these discrepancies, we sequenced the 23s rrna genes for ...	2005	16109952
nutritional requirements and antibiotic resistance patterns of helicobacter species in chemically defined media.	the growth of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori in the absence of serum remains challenging, and nutritional requirements have only partially been defined, while almost nothing is known about nutritional requirements of other helicobacter spp. although previous data showed that h. pylori grows in the chemically defined medium f-12, but not in other tissue culture media examined, the specific components responsible for growth were not entirely understood. here we describe the optimization ...	2006	16672389
recurrent bacteremia with helicobacter cinaedi: case report and review of the literature.	helicobacter cinaedi is a rare pathogen in humans, occurring mostly in immuno-compromised patients, with a high potential for recurrence. we describe a case of a patient with lymphoma hospitalized for chemotherapy.	2006	16719920
nongastric helicobacter species detected in the intestinal tract of children.	the presence of members of the family helicobacteraceae in the colon of children was investigated using pcr, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization. the rate of detection of species belonging to the helicobacteraceae family in children with inflammatory bowel disease (92%) and irritable bowel syndrome (100%) was found to be significantly higher than that in healthy children (25%) (p < 0.05).	2006	16757639
enterohepatic helicobacter species isolated from the ileum, liver and colon of a baboon with pancreatic islet amyloidosis.	microaerobic bacteria were isolated from a baboon with pancreatic islet amyloidosis and hepatitis. phenotypic and molecular analyses identified two distinct helicobacters. analyses of 16s rrna demonstrated "helicobacter macacae" in the ileum and liver, and helicobacter cinaedi in the colon. to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the isolation of enterohepatic helicobacter species from a baboon.	2006	17030922
relationship between the severity of hepatitis c virus-related liver disease and the presence of helicobacter species in the liver: a prospective study.	to determine the presence of helicobacter species dna in the liver of chronic hepatitis c (chc) patients with and without cirrhosis as compared to controls, and to identify the bacterial species involved.	2006	17143941
[a case of recurrent helicobacter cinaedi-associated bacteremia in a small cell lung cancer patient during chemotherapy].	a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, because of cough and exertional dyspnea. we diagnosed small cell lung cancer, clinically staged as t2n3m0, limited disease. radiation therapy was performed at first to relieve the severe stenosis of the proximal airway, followed by anti-cancer chemotherapy. fever developed on the fifth day of chemotherapy, and he was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics. a blood culture yielded helicobacter cinaedi on the seventh day of incubation. h. ...	2007	17313023
helicobacter pylori detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.	the discovery of helicobacter pylori in 1982 was the starting point of a revolution concerning the concepts and management of gastroduodenal diseases. it is now well accepted that the most common stomach disease, peptic ulcer disease, is an infectious disease, and all consensus conferences agree that the causative agent, h. pylori, must be treated with antibiotics. furthermore, the concept emerged that this bacterium could be the trigger of various malignant diseases of the stomach, and it is no ...	2007	17428887
multicenter study to evaluate bloodstream infection by helicobacter cinaedi in japan.	helicobacter cinaedi has being recognized as an important human pathogen which causes bloodstream infections. although the first case of bacteremia with this pathogen in japan was reported in 2003, the true prevalence of h. cinaedi as a pathogen of bloodstream infections in this country is not yet known. therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the incidence of bacteremia with h. cinaedi in japan. we conducted a prospective, multicenter analysis in 13 hospitals during 6 months in tokyo, jap ...	2007	17596362