Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. | human prolactin was measured in plasma by radioimmunoassay at 20 minute intervals for a 24-hour period in each of six normal adults, whose sleep-wake cycles were monitored polygraphically. a marked diurnal variation in plasma concentrations was demonstrated, with highest values during sleep; periods of episodic release occurred throughout the 24 hours. | 1972 | 5057627 |
| studies on weightlessness in a primate in the biosatellite 3 experiment. | in june 1969 a male macaca nemestrina (pigtail macaque) was flown in earth orbit for 8.8 days in nasa biosatellite 3. the experiment examined in detail central nervous and cardiovascular functions, and included pre- and post-flight whole body metabolic assessment, in-flight urine analysis, and pre-and post-flight bone density measurements. although the sleep/wake cycle was 24 hr, a phase angle lag of 2 hr from the imposed night/day mode occurred. a definite desynchronosis occurred, with rhythms ... | 1972 | 11898844 |
| the effects of circumcision on sleep-wake states in human neonates. | 1974 | 4360754 | |
| effects of a prolonged 3-hour sleep-wake cycle on sleep stages, plasma cortisol, growth hormone and body temperature in man. | 1974 | 4364804 | |
| human puberty. simultaneous augmented secretion of luteinizing hormone and testosterone during sleep. | plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) and testosterone (t) were measured by radioimmunoassay in nine pubertal boys and three sexually mature young men at 20-min intervals for 24 h. plasma lh and t were also measured in one boy during a delayed sleep onset study. polygraphic monitoring was carried out to identify precisely sleep onset. wakefulness, and specific sleep stages. in all nine pubertal boys the plasma t concentration fluctuated and was significantly higher during normal nocturnal sleep as com ... | 1974 | 4852310 |
| neuro-endocrine pattern of secretion during the sleep-wake cycle of man. | 1975 | 1239048 | |
| nocturnal elevation of plasma melatonin and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in young men: attempts at modification by brief changes in environmental lighting and sleep and by autonomic drugs. | in order to determine whether the human pattern of circulating melatonin resembles that previously described in lower animals, men 19-32 years old were exposed to a light-dark cycle with 14 hours of light per day (l:d 14:10). in whites and blacks, nocturnal (dark phase, sleeping) melatonin levels were almost always elevated to 0.05-0.1 ng/ml plasma compared with lower or undetectable levels during the day, measured by the tadpole bioassay. thin-layer migration of bioactive material was identical ... | 1976 | 1262447 |
| the prevention of viral hepatitis. | studies with heat-inactivated ms-2 serum have indicated that active immunization against hepatitis b infection can be achieved even though the virus has not been cultivated in tissue culture. the development of new biophysical, biochemical and immunological techniques has increased knowledge of the hepatitis b virus and its associated antigens. in the wake of these recent developments the accumulating evidence indicates that active immunization could be achieved by the use of purified hepatitis ... | 1976 | 63266 |
| the use of time lapse video recording of sleep-wake behavior in human infants. | 1976 | 176676 | |
| visual stimulation and wake-sleep behavior in human neonates. | sixteen male and 16 female infants were exposed to 1 of 4 visual stimulus conditions during pre- and postprandial wakefulness. whereas a nonpatterned gray stimulus minimized the amount of alert inactivity and maximized the amount of subsequent rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, black-and-white checkerboard patterned stimuli produced greater amounts of alert inactivity and correspondingly lesser amounts of subsequent rem sleep. amounts of alert inactivity and of subsequent rem sleep produced by the ... | 1977 | 193748 |
| blind man living in normal society has circadian rhythms of 24.9 hours. | a psychologically normal blind man, living and working in normal society, suffered from a severe cyclic sleep-wake disorder. investigations showed that he had circadian rhythms of body temperature, alertness, performance, cortisol secretion, and urinary electrolyte excretion which were desynchronized from the 24-hour societal schedule. these rhythms all had periods which were longer than 24 hours and indistinguishable from the period of the lunar day. | 1977 | 910139 |
| individual differences in human circadian rhythms. | research into individual differences in circadian rhythms is reviewed, particularly morningness-eveningness. it was hypothesised that extraverts would be inclined towards eveningness and introverts towards morningness. forty-eight subjects took regularly their oral temperature. peak times were identified from smoothed temperature curves. results showed that extraverts had a peak time insignificantly later than introverts. re-grouping of the data into the morningness-eveningness dimension, based ... | 1977 | 922076 |
| effect of chronic manganese intoxication on the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | chronic manganese intoxication elicits in the rat an increase in slow wave sleep and a decrease in paradoxical sleep by modification of the length of the phases. the similarities between this observation and the sleep disturbances observed in man in parkinson's disease and chronic manganese poisoning are discussed. | 1977 | 19604921 |
| human issues in human rights. | the national academy of sciences' committee on human rights and its 350 correspondent academy members seeks to ease the plight of individual scientists, engineers, and medical personnel suffering severe repression. it has engaged in a program of private inquiry, public remonstrance, and moral support in behalf of individuals from 11 countries. in developing this activity, members of the committee had to engage in a series of troubling issues related to the nature of human rights, the choice of c ... | 1978 | 17790426 |
| influence of human presence on sleep-wake patterns in nervous pointer dogs. | 1978 | 565521 | |
| physiological effects of rotational work shifting: a review. | the high cost of capital equipment, demands of the world markets, and continuity requirements of many technological processes have forced industry to operate three-shift, 24-hour days. workers on fixed schedules experience no particular problems from shift work, but those who are shifted periodically can undergo physiological and emotional disturbances. these disturbances occur because most human systems function according to circadian rhythms that can be easily disoriented. the primary cause is ... | 1978 | 627940 |
| [circadian rhythms in the endocrine system (author's transl)]. | in four sections, the contribution reviews data on 24-hour variations of cortisol, growth hormone, prolactine, testosterone, lh and fsh in the human plasma. 1) experiments on isolated subjects show that the 24-h variation of cortisol is based on an endogenous circadian rhythm which can be independent from the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. 2) the various pattern each of which has been described in good correspondence by several groups of authors, suggest a series of hormones with a strong circ ... | 1978 | 651285 |
| studies of the 24 hour rhythm of melatonin in man. | in a series of four separate studies of the 24-hour pattern of melatonin secretory function in man, the following results were obtained. sequential measurement of the concentration of melatonin in plasma and urine demonstrated a 24-hour rhythm in which more melatonin is secreted during the sleep-lights off as compared to the waking-lights on period. however, during "free-running" and after an acute phase shift of the sleep-wake cycle, a melatonin rhythm can be dissociated from the sleep-lights o ... | 1978 | 288856 |
| free-running circadian plasma cortisol rhythm in a blind human subject. | the plasma cortisol rhythm in man has been presumed to be an endogenous circadian rhythm, synchronized by some external stimulus to an exact 24-h period. sleep/wake and 'social activity' cycles have been considered as candidates for this synchronizer. previous studies have suggested that the dark/light phase shifts associated with the sleep-wake cycle may be the external synchronizer, rather than the sleep/wake cycle itself. a totally blind, but otherwise normal subject was studied for a period ... | 1979 | 476985 |
| physical changes of the environment and health effects with special reference to water pollution and sanitation in malaysia. | development of a human community are not without changes in its environment. such changes result in either beneficial or adverse effects on human health. in malaysia, in the wake of the new economic policy aimed at the redressing of the poor population and income distribution, development of the nation has brought about various changes in the environment. some of these changes have elevated basic public health problems, while others, particularly new agricultural practices and industrialisation ... | 1979 | 538513 |
| gulf money in kerala: coping with the problems of plenty. | the recent phenomenon of emigration from kerala to the gulf countries and the increasing inflow of remittances is having a tremendous impact on kerala's economy. the state planning board reports that the remittances from the gulf to this tiny state are rs. 400 crones/year. an annual inflow of this amount cannot help influence the fortunes of the population. although emigration from kerala is not new, the current outflow reached massive proportions only in the wake of the intensive constructio ... | 1979 | 12265616 |
| a relationship between plasma renin activity and the rapid eye movement phase of sleep in man. | the possible influence of the central nervous system on renin release was investigated by simultaneously monitoring the pra and the changes of the sleep-wake cycle. nine normal volunteers were studied, 2 of whom were subjected to an acute sleep reversal procedure. pra exhibited marked intra- and intersubject variability. no consistent diurnal or ultradian rhythm was observed. the nocturnal variation in pra, however, was associated with changes in the stage of sleep. the rapid eye movement (rem) ... | 1980 | 6987252 |
| pubertal control mechanisms as revealed from human studies. | human puberty is thought to be regulated by a central nervous system (cns) program. strong presumptive evidence for this thesis has been drawn from the augmented gonadotropin secretion that occurs synchronously with sleep in early puberty and serves as a biologic index to cns puberty. in response to wake/sleep gonadotropin patterns, sex steroids are also secreted in circadian-like patterns during puberty. in disorders such as precocious puberty, anorexia nervosa, and gonadal dysgenesis, the phys ... | 1980 | 6989643 |
| timing of rem sleep is coupled to the circadian rhythm of body temperature in man. | ten male subjects were studied for a total of 306 days on self-selected schedules. four of them developed bedrest-activity cycle period lengths very different from 24 hr (mean = 36.8 hr) despite the persistence of near-24-hr oscillations in other physiologic functions, including that of body temperature (mean = 24.6 hr). the percentage of sleep time spent in rem sleep varied significantly with the phase of that near-24-hr body temperature cycle. the peak in rem sleep propensity (rsp) occurred on ... | 1980 | 7403736 |
| human non-24-hour sleep-wake cycles in an everyday environment. | a sighted college student maintained a sleep-wake cycle longer than 24 hr in his everyday environment for more than half of nearly four years. the range of sleep-wake periods and the amount and regularity of sleep are consistent with those found in time-free environments. episodes of 24 hr periodicity suggest that social cues or obligations are effective entraining agents. he reported more sleep difficulties while on a 24 hr than a non-24-hr schedule. | 1980 | 7403737 |
| timing of rem and stages 3 + 4 sleep during temporal isolation in man. | during nonentrained sleep--wake conditions in man, healthy adult subjects spontaneously develop "long" biological days (greater than 35 hr) in addition to the normal, approximately 25 hr day. the ratio of sleep to total time remains constant (approximately 0.30), with long sleep episodes occurring approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the short sleep episodes. the timing and amount of rem sleep advance to an earlier time within the sleep episode during free-running, whereas stage 3 + 4 sle ... | 1980 | 7403740 |
| the 24-h pattern of human prolactin and growth hormone in healthy elderly subjects. | determination of plasma prolactin concentration every 2 h in twelve healthy elderly subjects, aged between 62 and 78, indicates that the secretory rhythm is not modified with age and that it remains synchronized with the sleep-wake cycle. the increase of awake time during the night in old age does not change substantially the rise of nocturnal prolactin levels. the 24-h profile of growth hormone is characterized by a frequent decrease or absence of sleep-related peaks in elderly subjects. this r ... | 1980 | 7438896 |
| anomalous sounds from the entry of meteor fireballs. | a very bright fireball observed over new south wales in 1978 produced anomalous sounds clearly audible to some of the observers. an investigation of the phenomenon indicates that bright fireballs radiate considerable electromagnetic energy in the very-low-frequency (vlf) region of the spectrum. a mechanism for the production of vlf emissions from the highly energetic wake turbulence of the fireball is proposed. trials with human subjects revealed a very extended range of thresholds for the perce ... | 1980 | 17751127 |
| considerations on the new epidemic outbreak of human leptospirosis in greater recife, brasil, in 1975. | abstract- a brief report was presented on a new outbreak of leptospirosis among the population of greater recife in 1975 in the wake of the floods that struck the city and its survivors in july of that year. a total of 107 cases were recorded, of which 105 were identified by sero-agglutination and 2 by hemoculture. once again the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was the predominant etiological agent, having been found in 55 cases, followed by ballum in 18, grippotyphosa in 9, and pyrogenes in 8 case ... | 1981 | 20958480 |
| a model of human sleep-related growth hormone secretion in dogs: effects of 3, 6, and 12 hours of forced wakefulness on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, and sleep stages. | twenty-four canine gh (cgh) and cortisol secretion patterns associated with sleep stages were studied in 10 male adult dogs. plasma samples were obtained at 30- or 15-min intervals via an indwelling catheter. under baseline conditions, all dogs showed irregular polyphasic sleep, and the episodic cgh secretion had no apparent relationship with sleep or the light-dark cycle. five dogs were subjected to regular sleep-wake cycles; 3, 6, and 12 h of forced wakefulness (fw) were repeated at 3-, 6-, an ... | 1981 | 7238408 |
| twenty-four-hour pattern of growth hormone secretion in the rhesus monkey: studies including alterations of the sleep/wake and sleep stage cycles. | the 24-h pattern of gh secretion and its possible relation to the sleep/wake cycle and to sleep stages were studied in 12 male rhesus monkeys. blood samples were drawn every 15 min for 96 h, 24 h, or shorter periods of time through chronic right atrial catheters which extended through the wall into the adjacent room. in addition, activity rating (daytime) and determination of sleep stages from electroencephalogram recordings (nighttime) were done. gh profiles were obtained during undisturbed con ... | 1981 | 7250052 |
| cross-species invariance in state-related motility patterns. | each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. sleep-wake behavior of rats, rabbits, and human infants (3 of each species) was observed, and, at the same time, a single-channel analog recording was obtained of the motoric activity. a judge who had extensive experience in observing sleep-wake behaviors of human infants, but who was unfamiliar with these behaviors in nonhuman species, scored the analog ... | 1981 | 7304774 |
| biological rhythms in man: relationship of sleep-wake, cortisol, growth hormone, and temperature during temporal isolation. | 1981 | 7010946 | |
| sleep and its disorders. | the advances in research on sleep an biological rhythms have recently been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. a new clinical specialty has developed with the establishment of sleep disorder centers and a diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. this new nosological approach has evolved from an extensive base of new scientific information concerning descriptive polygraphic and analysis of clinical case series. four major categories have been defined: (a) d ... | 1981 | 7013638 |
| diurnal variations in intraocular pressure. chronic open angle glaucoma: preliminary report. | human beings have a diurnal variation in their intraocular pressure and this variation is related to the sleep-wake cycle. patients with chronic open angle glaucoma have a similar fluctuation in intraocular pressure and, even without medication, may achieve a "normal" intraocular pressure several hours into their sleep period. two patients with chronic open angle glaucoma, maintained on their usual miotic therapy, also maintained a normal diurnal fluctuation in intraocular pressure as did one pa ... | 1981 | 6765671 |
| a block grant to the states for long-term care. | this article addresses the policy issues and outcomes associated with the block grant option in long-term care (ltc). block grants are being considered in a number of human service areas currently, especially in the wake of the 1980 elections. the article assumes that medicaid and other ltc-related policies would be consolidated in a formula-based, capped block grant. the potential advantages are in the areas of responsiveness, coordination and institution-building at the state level. potential ... | 1981 | 6790602 |
| pattern of thyrotropin and thyroxine plasma concentrations during the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle in the male rhesus monkey. | the 24-h pattern of the plasma tsh concentration was investigated in five male rhesus monkeys prepared chronically with right atrial catheters and electroencephalogram (eeg) electrodes. the preparation allowed frequent blood sampling (every 15 min), tv monitoring, and eeg recording from the adjacent room for extended periods of time from undisturbed animals. in addition, nap deprivation, 5 h total sleep deprivation, and specific sleep stage deprivation experiments were performed in order to test ... | 1981 | 6796388 |
| [how to promote birth planning in the wake of transfer of agricultural production responsibility to the work crew]. | mianzhu county is among sichuan province's more successful counties in family planning. following marx's theory of the 2-fold character of production, mianzhu county in 1980 simultaneously transferred both agricultural production and family planning work to the work crew by implementing "double transfer of responsiblity," thereby mobilizing cadres and people to understand both time material production and human reproduction, i.e., "grains, money and people." last year when the agricultural pro ... | 1981 | 12266520 |
| assessing effects of serotonin precursors on newborn behavior. | while traditional studies of newborn diet have focused on the effects of malnutrition on the central nervous system, there is now interest in how qualitative differences in the composition of early newborn feeding might influence behavior. this paper reviews the available techniques for assessing newborn perception and cognition, as well as behavioral organization. the paper then focuses intensively on measures of newborn state behaviour in view of evidence in adult humans, as well as in non-hum ... | 1982 | 6764929 |
| circadian timing of sleepiness in man and woman. | men and women living contentedly in long-term isolation from the usual time-of-day cues have revealed surprising new regularities about the timing of human sleep/wake alternations. contemporary effort to ferret out and articulate these regularities in quantitative terms lead to a diversity of mathematical models. if these eventually acquire predictive competence then we may expect practical improvements of therapy for insomnia, jet lag, and some kinds of psychiatric depression. | 1982 | 7051861 |
| birth defects research: 1980 and after. | very little is known about environmentally-induced birth defects, i.e., those due to exogenous agents acting directly on the fetus or indirectly through the mother. established teratogens include some viruses, drugs, radiations and one or two industrial chemicals. much is known about birth defects due to single-gene mutations. knowledge is scarce, however, concerning faulty regulation of gene expression or additive effects involving multiple-gene causation of disease and defect, and almost nothi ... | 1982 | 7058817 |
| in the wake of mount st helens. | on may 18, 1980, mount st helens, washington state's most active volcano, erupted violently. volcanic eruptions in recent geologic history have demonstrated tremendous environmental impact and caused significant loss of human life. volcanic ash expelled during the eruption was deposited on much of eastern washington and had a profound effect on local air quality. although ash is relatively inert, analysis revealed a small but significant amount of free crystalline silica, the causative agent of ... | 1982 | 7073033 |
| [action of oestrogens on in vitro metabolism of trophoblast from human early pregnancy (author's transl)]. | warburg's manometric method was used to check the action of oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis of placental respiration. oestrogen concentrations of 10(-4) m were found to reduce oxygen consumption and to increase aerobic glycolysis. such reduction of oxygen consumption was most strongly pronounced in connection with oestradiol, while the strongest rise in aerobic glycolysis took place in the wake of oestradiol and oestrone. oestrogen action upon anaerobic gly ... | 1982 | 7080714 |
| a three-oscillator model of the human circadian system controlling the core temperature rhythm and the sleep-wake cycle. | 1982 | 7176677 | |
| the laingsburg flood disaster. | in january 1981 natural floods occurred in large areas of the semi-arid karoo area. in terms of loss of human life the town most affected was laingsburg, where over 100 persons were drowned. most of the bodies were swept downstream in the abnormally swollen river and were never recovered. a flood disaster of this dimension is rare in south africa. there were very few injuries associated with the disaster and no epidemic diseases followed in its wake, but there were certain aspects of medical ser ... | 1983 | 6857404 |
| circadian rhythm in the eeg of man. | the circadian rhythm in the eeg of the waking state was investigated in six healthy volunteers who were deprived of sleep for 48 (3 probands) and 30 (3 probands) hours. every hour an eeg was recorded, the body temperature was measured, and the probands rated their fatigue themselves. the eeg parameterized by the partial autocorrelation function shows a circadian change in all probands. the causal link between eeg and body temperature indicates that the circadian rhythm in the eeg is at least par ... | 1983 | 6874259 |
| task variables determine which biological clock controls circadian rhythms in human performance. | there are circadian (approximately 24 h) rhythms for a wide range of human physiological and psychological functions including mood and performance efficiency. these rhythms are self-sustaining in conditions of temporal isolation, indicating that internal oscillators (or biological clocks) control them. recent research has proposed an endogenous two-oscillator model of the human circadian system, with one oscillator indicated by the core body temperature rhythm and a second oscillator responsibl ... | 1983 | 6877375 |
| multi-oscillatory control of circadian rhythms in human performance. | circadian rhythms are known to exist in many measures of human performance efficiency as well as in physiological processes. the demands of a task, and in particular its 'working memory' load, play a large part in determining the time of day at which it is best performed. furthermore, task demands may affect the speed with which performance rhythms adjust to the altered sleep/wake schedules occasioned by shift-work and rapid time-zone transitions. these differences in rate of adjustment may be e ... | 1983 | 6888559 |
| successful treatment of human non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. | the authors report a case in which a non-24-h (hypernychthemeral) sleep-wake cycle appeared as a late complication of a more fundamental disturbance in the quality of sleep (difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nonrefreshing sleep). the sleep disturbance began abruptly after a series of stressful events. the patient reported that he extended his hours of bedrest in the morning in order to increase his total sleep time and feel mor rested, and that he gradually extended his hours of ac ... | 1983 | 6622881 |
| impact of a circadian clock on the timing of human sleep. | this paper redescribes some recordings of human sleep and waking made in several laboratories during the past decade under conditions of temporal isolation. since 1972 it has been noticed that sleep duration depends mainly on the timing of prior sleep onset relative to a rhythm of 24- to 25-h duration. the present paper emphasizes four additional points: 1) that the dependence sometimes includes a remarkable discontinuity, 2) that such dependence is characteristic of a rhythmically modulated thr ... | 1983 | 6624946 |
| high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for post-transfusion purpura. | successful treatment of a case of post-transfusion purpura with high-dose i.v. human immunoglobulin is reported. a 62-year-old multiparous woman developed severe thrombocytopenia in the wake of transfusions given during and after vascular surgery. a platelet alloantibody with anti-zwa-specificity was demonstrable by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. a single infusion of sandoglobulin 1 g/kg body weight caused an immediate platelet response with cessation of haemorrhagic manifestations wi ... | 1983 | 6648363 |
| experimental elevations of blood pressure induced as an internal stimulus during sleep in man: effects on cortical vigilance and response thresholds in different sleep stages. | the hypothesis that raising blood pressure (bp) during human sleep, by intravenous administration of angiotensin ii, causes arousals was tested. bp was measured intraarterially during polygraphic sleep recordings. twenty-seven intrasleep elevations of bp in two young adults over 2 nights were evaluated. the bp increases ranged from 16% to 74% of the preexperimental level for systolic bp and from 28% to 84% for diastolic bp. eighty-one percent of all bp variations induced arousals, and the number ... | 1983 | 6665396 |
| late morphologic consequences of measles: a lethal and debilitating lung disease among the poor. | pneumonia that occurs within 28 days of the onset of measles rash is a common cause of severe pulmonary morbidity and/or death among poor children. the prevalence of such pneumonia can be related to the effectiveness of measles immunization programs. for 20 of 57 new cases of bronchiectasis in children undergoing bronchography, a strong causal relationship to measles was found. the lungs of 21 unselected children who died in the wake of measles were examined. severe necrosis of bronchi and bronc ... | 1983 | 6308746 |
| human salivary eicosanoids: circadian variation. | a circadian rhythm in the concentrations of prostaglandins (pg) e2, pgf2, pgi2 (measured as 6-keto-pgf1 alpha), immunoreactive h hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and immunoreactive 6-sulfidopeptide containing leukotrienes in human mixed saliva was observed. the rhythm reflected changes in the absolute amounts of these compounds in saliva. under usual sleep-wake cycles a single peak occurred during sleep with maximal levels at 5:00 am; the amplitude of the peak varied for each product. the rhythm wa ... | 1983 | 6351860 |
| issues in the selection and use of mechanical transducers to directly measure motor activity in clinical settings. | the application of instrumentation in the social sciences to measure human behavior lags far behind medical practice and the physical sciences. according to rugh and schwitzgebel (1977), this primitive state of development and lack of technological sophistication is related to the prevailing belief that many variables of interest to psychologists are not subject to direct measurement. we identified five varieties of maladaptive behaviors commonly displayed by mentally retarded persons which can ... | 1983 | 6362565 |
| the contribution of a great man to wake forest university and its bowman gray school of medicine--tinsley r. harrison, m.d. | 1983 | 6363945 | |
| variations in the 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid during the sleep-wake cycle in man. | a variation in the ventricular fluid 5-hiaa concentration has been observed during the phases of the sleep-wake cycle in man. this variation affects the nrem phase, during which 5-hiaa increases markedly, rather than the waking state and the rem phase. the results are discussed in relation to the possible relevance of serotonin to the sleep mechanism. | 1983 | 6190774 |
| [the radical psychiatry trend and intervention with women (a californian experience).]. | it was in the wake of the movement for a critical psychiatry, originated by eric berne, that the radical psychiatry collective developed in berkely california at the beginning of the 70's. starting with an analysis of the dominant therapeutic intervention, which was seen alienating, and its resultant, an oppression of which the individual is unaware, the collective teaches a new practice represented by the following equation : consciousness of one's oppression + contact with other in the same si ... | 1983 | 17093768 |
| sleep-wakefulness patterns in the aged cat. | this investigation compared the 24 h sleep-wake characteristics of young adult (2-4 years) and old (10-11 years) cats in order to determine whether there were significant age- and/or gender-related differences. aged animals had more brief (6-14 sec) awakenings, less rem sleep, and more nrem sleep than young adults. there were no significant age- or gender-related differences with respect to either the daily numbers or the mean durations of sleep and waking episodes. compared with the young adult ... | 1984 | 6205856 |
| ventilation and arousal responses to hypercapnia in normal sleeping humans. | we measured arousal and ventilatory responses to rebreathing from a small bag, initially approximately 7% co2 in 40% o2, via a nose mask in 13 normal human adults. with deepening non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrem), males aroused at increasing alveolar pco2 (mean +/- se: stage ii 58.6 +/- 1.7, stage iii 61.2 +/- 1.0, stage iv 63.8 +/- 0.8 torr), whereas in rapid-eye-movement sleep (rem), arousal alveolar pco2 was 57.7 +/- 0.7 torr, i.e., much lower than in stage iii and iv nrem. females showed n ... | 1984 | 6432751 |
| sex differences in human circadian rhythms: intrinsic periods and sleep fractions. | the period of freerunning circadian rhythms is significantly shorter and the fraction of sleep is significantly larger in human females than in males, as long as the rhythms run internally synchronized. the sex difference in the period could be a property either of the whole circadian system or of only one of the oscillators in a multi-oscillator system. the sex difference in the sleep fraction could be a fixed property of the sleep-wake rhythm or could depend on interactions in the multi-oscill ... | 1984 | 6500007 |
| circadian variation in plasma dopamine levels in man. | nocturnal and daytime recumbent secretory patterns of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were determined at 30 min intervals in 9 normotensive males. plasma levels of dopamine as well as those of norepinephrine and epinephrine followed a circadian pattern in these recumbent males. plasma levels of dopamine were more closely related to clock time (r = -0.54, p less than 0.001) than either norepinephrine or epinephrine levels. as for norepinephrine and epinephrine, the sleep period in all 9 ... | 1984 | 6501806 |
| presence of delta-sleep-inducing peptide-like material in human milk. | delta-sleep-inducing peptide (dsip)-like material was detected in human breast milk of two women by ria with a recovery of about 90%. the high concentration of dsip-like immunoreactivity (dsip-li) in colostrum (30 ng/ml) decreased to about 10 ng/ml in milk. the concentration continued to decrease over the next 2 months in one women. in the same woman, a significant circadian rhythm of the amount of breast milk dsip was found with the peak in the afternoon and the trough in the morning. a signifi ... | 1984 | 6547144 |
| the use of constant routines in unmasking the endogenous component of human circadian rhythms. | a major problem in the study of the internal clock(s) that drives human circadian rhythms is that due to the effect produced by rhythmicity of habits and external influences ('masking'). a particularly potent factor in this respect is the sleep-wake cycle. it is anomalous that, even though this masking influence is widely accepted, most studies of circadian rhythmicity have been performed in the presence of such interferences. a protocol is described, the constant routine, by which these exogeno ... | 1984 | 6600027 |
| timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker. | a model for the timing of human sleep is presented. it is based on a sleep-regulating variable (s)--possibly, but not necessarily, associated with a neurochemical substance--which increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. sleep onset is triggered when s approaches an upper threshold (h); awakening occurs when s reaches a lower threshold (l). the thresholds show a circadian rhythm controlled by a single circadian pacemaker. time constants of the s process were derived from rates of ... | 1984 | 6696142 |
| theophylline delays human sleep phase. | twelve healthy male volunteers were given theophylline 250 mg in order to test effects on 24-hr rhythms. rhythms of sleep/wake and subjective sleepiness were delayed. ingestion of xanthines such as theophylline in coffee, tea, colas and chocolate may contribute to some sleep disorders. theophylline might likewise be useful in treating disorders of circadian oscillators. | 1984 | 6700363 |
| properties of human sleep-wake cycles: parameters of internally synchronized free-running rhythms. | sleep-wake alternations are governed by circadian regularities. in order to evaluate these regularities without interference from social constraints or behavioral influences, we conducted experiments under constant conditions, excluding all external time references. the experiments were conducted for approximately 1 month to ensure that the rhythms were at a steady state. a homogeneous sample of 27 human subjects with free-running and internally synchronized rhythms was analyzed with regard to n ... | 1984 | 6718923 |
| female predominance of immigration to the united states since 1930: a first look. | immigration patterns in the us in the last 50 years have defied the conventional wisdom that most international migrants are young, working-age males. since 1930 more than 1/2 of all immgrants to the us have been women, and 2/3 have been women or children. data show that the persistently large number of marriages of foreign-born or native-born us residents to alien women, coupled with increasing government regulation of immigration and a strong policy bias against the seperation of spouces and ... | 1984 | 12340340 |
| uk drug trials: row over student trial. | the british medicines commission has undertaken an urgent review of arrangements for testing new drugs on healthy volunteers in the wake of charges that one company, charterhouse clinical research unit ltd., was using london students in toxicity tests of an antitumor drug without having informed the volunteers' physicians of the risks involved and without plans for long-term monitoring of the participants' health. under current british law, drug studies with healthy volunteers are regarded as a ... | 1984 | 11653526 |
| internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect. | in the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. this effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep cycle - i.e. one of the masking factors - run with different periods. every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by ... | 1985 | 3972077 |
| the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) is considered to be the endogenous clock of the brain, essential for the ovulation cycle and the temporal organization of sleep-wake patterns, among other things. immunocytochemical staining with anti-vasopressin as a marker permitted a morphometric study of this nucleus in the human brain, which revealed that the shape of the scn is sexually dimorphic. the shape of the scn was elongated in women and more spherical in men. in both sexes a decrease in scn volume ... | 1985 | 4041816 |
| a circadian rhythm of hippocampal theta activity in the mouse. | hippocampal theta activity dominates the cortical eeg of the mouse during certain behaviors. we have therefore been able to study the circadian distribution of hippocampal theta activity by means of chronic eeg implantation and computerized eeg state scoring. observations in six mice indicate consistent and significant circadian patterns of theta-dominated eeg, both during wakefulness (theta-dominated wake, or tdw) and during sleep (rem sleep). the probability of rem rises gradually to a maximum ... | 1985 | 4070426 |
| phase shifting two coupled circadian pacemakers: implications for jet lag. | flights across time zones produce an abrupt displacement of the environmental time cues (zeitgebers), and the endogenous circadian timing system resynchronizes only gradually to the new schedule. a coupled two-oscillator model can simulate the human circadian system in temporal isolation and in artificial zeitgeber cycles. the model is here shown to explain the major features of resynchronization of circadian rhythms after time zone shifts, i.e., the rate of adjustment depends on the rhythm bein ... | 1985 | 4073291 |
| circadian rhythm in tolerance of mice for etoposide. | etoposide (40 mg/kg/day x 3 days and 60 mg/kg/day x 3 days) was best tolerated by male b6d2f1 mice when given in the second half of the rest span of their sleep-wake circadian cycle. such a time-qualified treatment resulted in increased long-term survival rate, highest peripheral leukocyte count at nadir, and lowest body weight loss, as compared to results from drug dosing in the activity span. assuming that such results may be extrapolated to human beings, the treatment time of etoposide associ ... | 1985 | 4075319 |
| flow in glass models simulating vascular junctions under steady flow conditions. | the dye-injection technique was used to study flow patterns in twelve glass models of the union of two streams to form a common stem as occurs in veins and, less often, in arteries. the angle of union and the sharpness of the apex of the union varied. flow disturbances, though minor at low flow rates, were observed in the stem beyond the junction in all models at reynolds numbers below 2000. the disturbances were attributed to instability in the wake of the junction and to boundary layer separat ... | 1985 | 4080944 |
| sleep-related hormone secretion in depressed patients. | among human subjects, sleep is a time of considerable neuro-endocrine activity and the nocturnal secretion of growth hormone is intimately related to the sleep-wake cycle. in contrast, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of entrained individuals shows a circadian pattern of activity with secretion increasing in the latter part of sleep. a variety of neuroendocrine disturbances have been described in depressed patients who also manifest consistent disturbances in their sleep-wake cycle. the s ... | 1985 | 4091022 |
| nocturnal slowing of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. | the gonadotropin secretion pattern in normal reproductive age women (n = 5) was evaluated for the presence of a circadian rhythm. the women volunteered for a series of 24-h admissions in different phases of their menstrual cycles (early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal). plasma lh and fsh levels were determined by ria in blood samples drawn through indwelling venous catheters at 20-min intervals throughout a normal 24-h sleep-wake cycle. the gonadotropin secretory pattern was subjected ... | 1985 | 3923031 |
| effect of valerian on human sleep. | the effect of an aqueous extract of valerian root on sleep was studied in two groups of healthy, young subjects. one group (n = 10) slept at home, the other (n = 8) in the sleep laboratory. sleep was evaluated on the basis of questionnaires, self-rating scales and night-time motor activity. in addition, polygraphic sleep recordings and spectral analysis of the sleep eeg was performed in the laboratory group. under home conditions, both doses of valerian extract (450 and 900 mg) reduced perceived ... | 1985 | 3936097 |
| significance of slow wave sleep: considerations from a clinical viewpoint. | previous experimental observations, almost exclusively carried out with young healthy subjects, have been interpreted as showing a particular restorative role for human slow wave sleep (sws). this article considers whether findings from polygraphic sleep studies in patients and elderly subjects lead to similar inferences about the meaning or "function" of sws. the question was approached in three different ways: (a) by presenting results from a long-term study in elderly subjects whose sws data ... | 1986 | 3961369 |
| the circadian pattern of melatonin and its positive relationship with progesterone in women. | to investigate the possible role of melatonin in the regulation of the human menstrual cycle, the circadian pattern of melatonin was determined in the follicular and luteal phases of 10 normal women. four-hourly sampling was used to derive a melatonin index which described the total exposure to melatonin for 24 h. this sampling procedure adequately represented the circadian melatonin output and demonstrated that pulses of melatonin secretion, inconsistent with a measured half-life of 47 min, did ... | 1986 | 3722324 |
| bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. | human circadian rhythms were once thought to be insensitive to light, with synchronization to the 24-hour day accomplished either through social contacts or the sleep-wake schedule. yet the demonstration of an intensity-dependent neuroendocrine response to bright light has led to renewed consideration of light as a possible synchronizer of the human circadian pacemaker. in a laboratory study, the output of the circadian pacemaker of an elderly woman was monitored before and after exposure to 4 h ... | 1986 | 3726555 |
| [autotransplantation of cryopreserved human parathyroid tissue]. | replantation of autologous cryopreserved parathyroid tissue is a procedure well established in surgery of hyperparathyroidism. it has proved to be a good approach to successful surgical treatment of hypocalcaemia in the wake of parathyroid operations. cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue is indicated in cases of subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of fresh tissue, re-operation for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and surgery for hyperparathy ... | 1986 | 3727844 |
| new techniques for the analysis of the human sleep-wake cycle. | two new techniques for the analysis of the human sleep-wake cycle are presented and illustrated. the first is based on a wrist-worn solid-state activity monitor which can record movement activity for prolonged time periods. the method has been applied to document phase-shifts of the rest-activity cycle after crossing time-zones; to analyze the effect of hypnotic drugs on movements during sleep; and to record the severe disruption of sleep and waking in narcolepsy. the second technique consists o ... | 1986 | 3799918 |
| masking of the circadian rhythms of heart rate and core temperature by the rest-activity cycle in man. | heart rate and core temperature are elevated by physical activity and reduced during rest and/or sleep. these masking effects may confound interpretation of rhythm waveforms, particularly in situations where the rest-activity rhythm has a different period from that of the core temperature rhythm. such desynchronization often occurs temporarily as an individual adjusts to a new work shift or to a new time zone following rapid transmeridian travel, making it difficult to assess the impact of such ... | 1986 | 2979578 |
| assay of melatonin and its metabolites: results in normal and unusual environments. | the pineal gland, via its hormone melatonin, is of major importance in the transduction of photoperiodic information in animals. it is concerned both with the synchronisation of annual cycles in photoperiodic mammals and with regulation of circadian rhythmicity in lower vertebrates. its role, if any, in mammalian circadian systems is still speculative. by analogy with animal work the function of the human pineal is most likely to be concerned with seasonal and circadian rhythms. the study of hum ... | 1986 | 3462328 |
| characteristics of circadian rhythms in human functions. | circadian rhythms are of endogenous origin, in humans as in all organisms. under temporal isolation, i.e., after exclusion of all environmental time cues, circadian rhythmicity persists but with a period slightly deviating from 24 hours; in human, freerunning circadian rhythms always show periods close to 25 hours. in a minority of experiments, overt rhythms of different variables do not run in mutual synchrony but internally desynchronized in the steady state. this means that, indeed, most phys ... | 1986 | 3462338 |
| brain temperature changes coupled to sleep states persist during interleukin 1-enhanced sleep. | the effects of human interleukin 1 (il 1) on the architecture of rabbit sleep-wake cycles and brain temperature (tbr) changes coupled to states of vigilance were examined. cerebral intraventricular infusion of il 1 induced increased slow-wave sleep (sws), increased electroencephalographic slow-wave (0.5-4 hz) amplitudes, and fever. heat-inactivated il 1 failed to elicit these responses. il 1 also significantly inhibited rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep; however, inactivated il 1 also reduced rem s ... | 1986 | 3484616 |
| circadian regulation dominates homeostatic control of sleep length and prior wake length in humans. | during prolonged temporal isolation in caves or windowless rooms, human subjects often develop complicated sleep-wake patterns. seeking lawful structure in these patterns, we have reanalyzed the spontaneous timing of 359 sleep-wake cycles recorded from 15 internally desynchronized human subjects. the observed sleep-wake patterns obey a simple rule: the phase of the circadian temperature rhythm at bedtime determines the lengths of both prior wake (alpha) and subsequent sleep (rho). from this rule ... | 1986 | 3505735 |
| differential effects of prior wakefulness and circadian phase on nap sleep. | studies of experimentally altered human sleep-wake cycles have shown that rapid eye movement (rem) sleep propensity exhibits a circadian periodicity, while slow wave sleep (sws) is primarily responsive to the duration of prior wakefulness. what is not known is the extent to which rem sleep continues to show a circadian pattern under intense sleep pressure, and the extent to which sws remains responsive to prior wakefulness at opposite phases of the circadian cycle. these questions were addressed ... | 1986 | 2427317 |
| evidence for excessive sleepiness in canine narcoleptics. | six genetically narcoleptic dogs, as well as 6 age- and breed-matched control dogs, were recorded continuously for 24 h to compare sleep/wake patterns and to determine whether narcoleptic dogs exhibit evidence of excessive sleepiness. compared with controls, the affected animals showed a substantial reduction in wakefulness and a significant increase in time spent in the drowsy state. total nrem sleep and total sleep time (nrem and rem sleep) in the 2 groups, however, were very similar. results ... | 1986 | 2428595 |
| ecological aspects of the chernobyl nuclear plant disaster. | the partial meltdown of the 1000mw reactor in chernobyl and the massive release of radionuclides into the environment is the first large-scale contamination of a geographically significant area by a power-generating civilian nuclear plant. it will have a long term effect on the human population, agriculture and the environment. previous cases of accidental contamination of the environment on such a scale were connected with the disposal of reprocessed nuclear waste or the release of radioactivit ... | 1986 | 21227774 |
| continuous resetting of the human carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex. | although human baroreflex responses have been studied during night as well as day, there has been no attempt to distinguish circadian changes of baroreflex function from those related to sleep. we measured carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses serially during a 24-h period in 11 normotensive volunteers who were awake and cooperative during testing. we applied sequences of ramped r-wave-triggered neck chamber pressure changes from +40 to -65 mmhg, during held expiration, at 3-h intervals. ... | 1987 | 3565603 |
| the effect of desynchronization on meal patterns of humans living in time isolation. | we analyzed the timing of meals in nine subjects who lived for several weeks in a time isolation environment and whose free-running sleep-wake cycles lengthened markedly and lost synchrony with the body temperature rhythm for part of the study. the long sleep-wake periods (swp) in free-running desynchrony (mean = 34 +/- 3 hours) as compared to free-running synchrony (25 +/- 1 hours) enabled us to compare meal timing in two distinct temporal frameworks and to relate them to the two major oscillat ... | 1987 | 3575454 |
| four congenitally blind children with circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorder. | four congenitally blind children aged 4-12 years, with severe or moderate mental retardation, were chronobiologically studied. three of them showed a free-running rhythm of sleep-wake, and the fourth showed an irregular sleep-wake rhythm. to entrain their sleep-wake rhythm to a 24-h rhythm, several trials based on chronotherapy were performed. the free-running rhythms in the three children were considered their own endogenous rhythms, revealed through some disorder in the mechanism synchronizing ... | 1987 | 3589322 |
| computer scoring of motility patterns for states of sleep and wakefulness: human infants. | a procedure is described for continuous monitoring of sleep states and wakefulness of infants in the home, with no intervention required for the recording. the infant's motility patterns produced by respiration and body movements are recorded from a pressure-sensitive mattress in the crib onto a single channel of a small 24-h analog recorder. in this way, signals produced by the naturally occurring states are obtained during all portions of the day when the infant is in the crib. later, in the l ... | 1987 | 3589325 |
| circadian pacemaker interferes with sleep onset at specific times each day: role in insomnia. | the human circadian pacemaker modulates our desire and ability to fall asleep at different times of day. to study this circadian component of sleep tendency, we have analyzed the sleep-wake patterns recorded from 15 free-running subjects in whom the sleep-wake cycle spontaneously desynchronized from the circadian rhythm of body temperature. the analysis indicates that the distribution of sleep onsets during free run is bimodal, with one peak at the temperature trough and, contrary to previous re ... | 1987 | 3605382 |
| the circadian rhythm of temperature in humans during a 26-hr sleep-wake schedule. | the effect of non-24-hr zeitgebers on human circadian rhythms is usually studied in temporal isolation units. in this study, subjects tried to adhere to a 26-hr sleep-wake schedule while living at home exposed to the conflicting natural 24-hr zeitgebers. temperature was continuously measured with a rectal probe. daily sleep logs provided subjective estimates of sleep and wake times. after a baseline period on a 24-hr schedule, the subjects followed the 26-hr schedule for 12-13 consecutive days. ... | 1987 | 3615651 |
| human sleep and circadian rhythms: a simple model based on two coupled oscillators. | we propose a model of the human circadian system. the sleep-wake and body temperature rhythms are assumed to be driven by a pair of coupled nonlinear oscillators described by phase variables alone. the novel aspect of the model is that its equations may be solved analytically. computer simulations are used to test the model against sleep-wake data pooled from 15 studies of subjects living for weeks in unscheduled, time-free environments. on these tests the model performs about as well as the exi ... | 1987 | 3625054 |
| meal size and intermeal interval in human subjects in time isolation. | we analyzed the content and number of meals eaten by eight subjects who lived for several weeks in time isolation and whose free-running sleep-wake periods (swp) lengthened (to an average of more than 33 hours) and were desynchronized from the stable 25 hour rhythm of body temperature. recently, in an analysis of meal timing, we reported that the long swps of free-running desynchrony (frd) were associated with significantly longer intermeal intervals (imi) than the shorter swps of free-running s ... | 1987 | 3685164 |
| cheyne-stokes breathing and systemic arterial pressure periodic pattern during sleep in central alveolar hypoventilation. | this report refers to a 51 year old man with the clinical features of central alveolar hypoventilation (cah). polysomnographic recordings showed periodic breathing and central apnoeas associated with abnormal oscillations of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate during all sleep stages. oxygen administration during sleep reduced hypoxia, while the periodic breathing and arterial pressure oscillations persisted. the authors suggest that an impairment of the brain structures that play a role i ... | 1987 | 3690027 |