Publications
Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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acute epiglottitis in adults. | nine cases of acute epiglottitis in adults, seen over a period of ten years, are presented. the presence of severe pain and dysphagia as universal presenting features are stressed, and the frequent absence of pharyngeal injection is noted. we found that the disease in adults differs from that in children in that pain and dysphagia are more marked, that stridor is a less prominent feature, and that haemophilus influenzae appears not to be the sole causative organism. | 1977 | 853252 |
the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in haemophilus influenzae in wales. report from the standing specialist advisory group for microbiology in wales. | from january to april 1986 all 21 clinical microbiology laboratories in wales took part in a survey to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in haemophilus influenzae. all isolates were collected and despatched to a central laboratory where identification was confirmed and antibiotic sensitivity tests repeated. one thousand four hundred and forty strains were available for analysis. resistance was present in 128 (8.9%) to ampicillin, 23 (1.6%) to cefaclor, 28 (1.7%) to chloramphenico ... | 1988 | 3258860 |
haemophilus influenzae type b infections in adults. | 1989 | 2788320 | |
haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease. | 1991 | 1747630 | |
infantile meningitis in england and wales: a two year study. | a two year prospective study identified 1922 cases of meningitis in children under 1 year of age. a further 201 cases were identified from other sources. the annual incidence of meningitis during the first year of life was 1.6/1000; during the first 28 days of life it was 0.32/1000, and among postneonatal infants it was 1.22/1000. the male:female ratio was 1.4:1. the overall case fatality rate was 19.8% for neonates and 5.4% for postneonatal infants. two thirds of deaths identified in the study, ... | 1991 | 2039250 |
epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease in wales. | to investigate the epidemiology of invasive disease due to haemophilus influenzae type b, the clones responsible, and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. | 1991 | 1912835 |
phls haemophilus influenzae regional survey. | 1991 | 1669859 | |
a survey of invasive haemophilus influenzae infections--england and wales. | a survey of invasive h. influenzae infections has been underway in 6 regions of england and wales since september 1990. in the first year, there were 433 cases of which 362 (84%) were due to h. influenzae type b (hib). the majority of hib infections were in children aged less than 5 years (annual incidence in this age group is 26.4/100,000). meningitis occurred in 56% of cases of hib infection. the results confirm previous evidence of the need to incorporate hib vaccination into the childhood im ... | 1992 | 1299432 |
a survey of invasive haemophilus influenzae infections. | a survey of invasive h. influenzae infections has been underway in six regions of england and wales since september 1990. in the first year, there were 433 cases of which 362 (84%) were due to h. influenzae type b (hib). the majority of hib infections were in children aged less than 5 years; there being an annual incidence of 26.4/100,000 in this age group. meningitis occurred in 56% of cases of hib infection. the results confirm previous evidence of the need to incorporate hib vaccination into ... | 1992 | 1285090 |
immunisation against haemophilus influenzae type b. | 1992 | 1285115 | |
the epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in scotland prior to immunisation. | immunisation against haemophilus influenzae b (hib) was added to the uk childhood vaccination schedule on 1 october 1992. based on reports of laboratory isolations from blood and/or csf, the epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in scotland during the last full year before immunisation (1991) is reviewed. in children aged under five years the estimated incidence of infection (25.5 per 100,000) is higher than that previously reported from scotland, but lower than estimates from ... | 1993 | 8307751 |
'cover' (cover of vaccination evaluated rapidly): 25. | 1993 | 7693154 | |
invasive haemophilus influenzae infections: changing patterns. | 1994 | 7530556 | |
haemophilus influenzae: the efficiency of reporting invasive disease in england and wales. | this study compares the efficiency of a special regional survey with routine laboratory reporting to measure the incidence of invasive disease caused by haemophilus influenzae before routine immunisation against type b strains was introduced. incomplete reporting does not prevent the monitoring of trends, but it becomes important if the level of underreporting changes with time. this study illustrates the importance of assessing the quality of surveillance data before using them to inform policy ... | 1994 | 7511458 |
epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae infections in england and wales in the pre-vaccination era (1990-2). | this survey defined the pattern of invasive haemophilus influenzae infections during 1990-2 in six regions in england and wales during the pre-vaccination era providing a baseline against which any changes in patterns of disease due to the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination programme can be monitored. a total of 946 cases of invasive haemophilus influenzae were recorded during the survey period of which almost 90% were due to type b and most of the remainder were non-t ... | 1995 | 7641841 |
changing patterns of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales after introduction of the hib vaccination programme. | 1996 | 8563536 | |
bacterial joint infections in england and wales: analysis of bacterial isolates over a four year period. | data from 1158 cases of septic arthritis reported to the public health laboratory service (phls) communicable disease control centre (cdsc) from england and wales over a 4 yr period (january 1990 december 1993) are presented. reports where a bacterial organism was isolated from synovial fluid, or where an organism was isolated from blood cultures where a diagnosis of septic arthritis was reported, were examined. reports of infection were more common in children (12.7% of infections were in the u ... | 1997 | 9133971 |
vaccine preventable diseases in the united states, 1996. | 1997 | 9345809 | |
meningitis: causes, symptoms and signs and nursing management. | this article discusses the infectious disease meningitis--a notifiable disease since 1912 (payling, 1994). the major concern is bacterial meningitis and in particular the meningococcal cause. viral meningitis is also considered. some 50% of cases of meningitis in the uk are of the viral kind, where the patient usually makes a full recovery and in some instances may not be aware of having contracted the disease (payling, 1994). cases of bacterial meningitis are few and if treated effectively and ... | 1999 | 10887806 |
designing meningitis vaccines. | conjugate polysaccharide vaccines are a recent intervention to combat the relative inability of young children to mount an effective immune response against encapsulated bacteria, especially haemophilus influenzae (hib), neisseria meningitidis (nm) and streptococcus pneumoniae (sp). these organisms cause the majority of community acquired septicaemia and meningitis in uk children. their capsular polysaccharides, important virulence factors in evading phagocytosis, are poorly immunogenic in young ... | 2000 | 10816873 |
antimicrobial susceptibility of lower respiratory tract pathogens in great britain and ireland 1999-2001 related to demographic and geographical factors: the bsac respiratory resistance surveillance programme. | the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens in great britain and ireland, and investigate its relationship with demographic and geographical factors using multiple logistic regression analysis. | 2003 | 14585865 |
estimating haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine effectiveness in england and wales by use of the screening method. | in october 1992, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine was introduced to infants in the united kingdom with a "catch-up" program for those aged <4 years. initially, the rate of invasive hib disease decreased dramatically but has been increasing since 1999. to determine possible reasons for this increase, the effectiveness of hib conjugate vaccine was estimated by use of the screening method. between october 1993 and december 2001, a total of 443 cases of hib infection occurred in ... | 2003 | 12898433 |
rising incidence of haemophilus influenzae type b disease in england and wales indicates a need for a second catch-up vaccination campaign. | the incidence of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease in the uk fell rapidly following the introduction of routine vaccination in 1992 and the implementation of a catch-up campaign in children under 4 years old in 1992-93. however, since 1999 the number of cases of hib has been increasing, and in 2002 there were 134 cases in 0-4 year olds (266 in all ages). while still much less than the prevaccine burden of disease (over 800 cases a year in 0-4 year olds), this increase in incid ... | 2003 | 12736974 |
re-inforcement of hib immunisation required. | 2003 | 12736962 | |
trends in haemophilus influenzae type b infections in adults in england and wales: surveillance study. | to describe invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) infections in individuals aged 15 years or older in england and wales between 1991 and 2003. | 2004 | 15374916 |
long-term impact of vaccination on haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) carriage in the united kingdom. | a recent resurgence in serious infections due to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) has been observed in the united kingdom. more information on hib transmission in the population is required in order to better understand the mechanism of this increase. the public health laboratory service (subsumed into the health protection agency since april 2004) conducted four cross-sectional studies of asymptomatic oropharyngeal hib carriage in children attending day-care nurseries in england and wales in ... | 2004 | 15310180 |
dynamic models of meningococcal carriage, disease, and the impact of serogroup c conjugate vaccination. | much interest has surrounded the use of conjugate vaccines in recent years, with the development of vaccines against disease caused by haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. these vaccines offer the potential for safe and effective disease control, but some questions remain, particularly regarding the duration and mechanisms of protection and the longer-term impact of vaccination on carriage. in this paper, the authors use data on immunization with s ... | 2005 | 15961591 |
changes in ascertainment of hib and its influence on the estimation of disease incidence in the united kingdom. | enhanced surveillance for hib infection, initially covering wales and five english regions, began in 1990 and in 1995 was extended to the whole of england and wales. to determine whether changes in the ascertainment of haemophilus influenzae may have affected estimates of hib disease incidence, data from january 1990 to december 2003 were analysed. a total of 8887 and 4020 (45%) cases of h. influenzae and hib respectively were reported. the proportion of isolates that were serotyped increased ov ... | 2007 | 17092395 |
sustaining immunity after immunization against encapsulated bacteria. | infections by encapsulated bacteria are important causes of infant mortality worldwide. over the last 20 years protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have been developed to protect against the major invasive bacterial diseases of childhood, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and neisseria meningitidis. these vaccines are highly immunogenic and have resulted in a huge reduction in the diseases caused by these bacteria in the countries that have introduced them in the ... | 2008 | 18398302 |
changes in antibiotic resistance rates of invasive haemophilus influenzae isolates in england and wales over the last 20 years. | the aim of this study was to determine trends in antibiotic resistance profiles of invasive clinical haemophilus influenzae isolates over the last 20 years. | 2008 | 18664478 |
fall in haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) disease following implementation of a booster campaign. | to assess the impact of a hib vaccination booster campaign targeting children aged 6 months to 4 years between may and september 2003, following a nationwide increase in the number of invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) cases in all age groups after 1999. | 2008 | 17942585 |
the changing aetiology of paediatric bacteraemia in england and wales, 1998-2007. | bacteraemia in children is a potentially life-threatening condition. the objective of this study was to determine trends in the aetiology of bacteraemia in children aged 1 month-15 years in england and wales by collecting data voluntarily reported by national health service hospital microbiology laboratories. over the 10-year period 1998-2007, a total of 51 788 bacteraemia cases involving 105 genera/species of bacteria were reported. total annual reports of bacteraemia increased from 4125 to 691 ... | 2010 | 19833780 |
the impact of haemophilus influenzae serotype b resurgence on the epidemiology of childhood invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales. | this study describes the epidemiology of childhood invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales between 1994 and 2008. h. influenzae serotype b incidence was lowest in 1998 (0.26/100,000), rising to 1.8/100,000 in 2002 before falling to 0.27/100,000 in 2008. during this period, nontype b h. influenzae disease remained stable, but there was a small year-on-year increase (3.4%/y; 95% ci: 1.4-5.5%) in incidence. | 2011 | 21866072 |
modeling insights into haemophilus influenzae type b disease, transmission, and vaccine programs. | in response to the 2007-2009 haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine shortage in the united states, we developed a flexible model of hib transmission and disease for optimizing hib vaccine programs in diverse populations and situations. the model classifies population members by age, colonization/disease status, and antibody levels, with movement across categories defined by differential equations. we implemented the model for the united states as a whole, england and wales, and the alaska n ... | 2012 | 22257582 |
haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) seroprevalence in england and wales in 2009. | a national seroprevalence study was performed to determine the prevalence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) antibodies in england and wales in 2009, when hib disease incidence was the lowest ever recorded. a total of 2,693 anonymised residual sera from routine diagnostic testing submitted by participating national health service hospital laboratories were tested for hib anti-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (prp) igg antibodies using a fluorescent bead assay. median anti-prp igg concentrations ... | 2012 | 23171823 |
invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype e and f disease, england and wales. | haemophilus influenzae infection causes serious invasive disease, but incidence of the most virulent serotype, hib, has dropped since introduction of routine hib vaccination. in england and wales, the incidence of 2 other serotypes, hie and hif, is increasing; during 2001-2010, there was an 11.0% year-on-year increase in hif and a 7.4% increase in hie. in 2009-2010, hif incidence was 0.090/100,000 persons and hie incidence 0.030/100,000, with higher rates among infants and older adults. hie had ... | 2012 | 22515912 |
invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in england and wales: who is at risk after 2 decades of routine childhood vaccination? | the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccine into national immunization has led to rapid and sustained declines in invasive hib disease incidence across all age groups. in industrialized countries with established hib vaccination programs, however, little is known about individuals who develop invasive hib disease. this study describes the epidemiology of invasive hib disease in england and wales during 2000-2012 and the clinical characteristics of laboratory ... | 2013 | 24076970 |
neonatal invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) frequently causes noninvasive upper respiratory tract infections in children but can cause invasive disease, mainly in older adults. an increased burden of invasive nthi disease in the perinatal period has been reported by a number of studies. here we describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of neonatal invasive h. influenzae disease in england and wales over a 5-year period. | 2015 | 25784720 |
clinical and molecular epidemiology of childhood invasive nontypeable haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales. | in countries with established haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) immunization programs, nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi) is now responsible for nearly all invasive h. influenzae cases across all age groups. | 2016 | 26569188 |