Publications

etiologies, observations and reporting of estuarine finfish lesions.	lesions in estuarine finfish are associated with a variety of organisms including parasites and bacterial, viral, and fungal infectious agents. in addition, trauma, suboptimal water quality, and other abiotic stress factors may result in the loss of homeostasis. we have observed solitary ulcerative lesions on menhaden sampled from the chesapeake bay, maryland, the pimlico river, north carolina, and the st. johns river, florida. histologically, the lesions demonstrated a marked chronic inflammato ...	2000	11460735
surveillance for possible estuary-associated syndrome--six states, 1998-1999.	pfiesteria piscicida (pp) is an alga that has been associated with fish kills in estuaries (where fresh water mixes with salty seawater) along the eastern seaboard and possibly with human health effects. since june 1, 1998, surveillance for possible estuary-associated syndrome (peas), including possible pp-related human illness, has been conducted in delaware, florida, maryland, north carolina, south carolina, and virginia. this report summarizes passive surveillance for peas during june 1, 1998 ...	2000	10821482
estuary-associated syndrome in north carolina: an occupational prevalence study.	atlantic coast estuaries recently have experienced fish kills and fish with lesions attributed to pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates. human health effects have been reported from laboratory exposure and from a 1997 maryland fish kill. north carolina has recorded pfiesteria-related fish kill events over the past decade, but human health effects from environmental exposure have not been systematically investigated or documented here. at the request of the state health agency, compreh ...	2001	11171520
finding pfiesteria fast.		2001	11266343
human visual function in the north carolina clinical study on possible estuary-associated syndrome.	the u.s. environmental protection agency assisted the north carolina department of health and human services in conducting a study to investigate the potential for an association between fish kills in the north carolina estuary system and the risk for persistent health effects. impetus for the study was recent evidence suggesting that estuarine dinoflagellates, including members of the toxic pfiesteria complex (tpc), p. piscicida and p. schumwayae, may release a toxin(s) that kills fish and adve ...	2001	11339332
is there an estuary associated syndrome in north carolina? findings in a series of hotline callers.		2001	11370314
differential diagnosis of ulcerative lesions in fish.	tissues such as skin and muscle have a limited repertoire of morphological response to injury. the two most important phenomena that determine the outcome of cell injury appear to be a) critical cell membrane damage, with associated fluid and ionic imbalances; and b) inability of mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, to restart atp synthesis. in fish, skin ulcers can have many different etiologies, including infectious agents, toxins, physical causes, immunologic causes, and nutritional and ...	2001	11677175
report from the noaa workshops to standardize protocols for monitoring toxic pfiesteria species and associated environmental conditions.	long-term monitoring of water quality, fish health, and plankton communities in susceptible bodies of water is crucial to identify the environmental factors that contribute to outbreaks of toxic pfiesteria complex (tpc) species. in the aftermath of the 1997 toxic pfiesteria outbreaks in north carolina and maryland, federal and several state agencies agreed that there was a need to standardize monitoring protocols. the national oceanic & atmospheric administration convened two workshops that brou ...	2001	11677179
state monitoring activities related to pfiesteria-like organisms.	in response to potential threats to human health and fish populations, six states along the east coast of the united states initiated monitoring programs related to pfiesteria-like organisms in 1998. these actions were taken in the wake of toxic outbreaks of pfiesteria piscicida steidinger & burkholder in maryland during 1997 and previous outbreaks in north carolina. the monitoring programs have two major purposes. the first, rapid response, is to ensure public safety by responding immediately t ...	2001	11677180
field ecology of toxic pfiesteria complex species and a conservative analysis of their role in estuarine fish kills.	within the past decade, toxic pfiesteria outbreaks have been documented in poorly flushed, eutrophic areas of the largest and second largest estuaries on the u.s. mainland. here we summarize a decadal field effort in fish kill assessment, encompassing kills related to pfiesteria (49 major kills in north carolina estuaries since 1991 and 4 in maryland estuaries in 1997) and to other factors such as low oxygen stress (79 major fish kills in north carolina estuaries). the laboratory and field data ...	2001	11677181
human health effects and pfiesteria exposure: a synthesis of available clinical data.	an association between human illness and exposure to pfiesteria was first observed among laboratory personnel working with the microorganism. in 1997, in the setting of pfiesteria activity on the pocomoke river in maryland, difficulties with learning and memory were epidemiologically associated with high-level exposure to waterways in which the organism was known to be present. in the maryland studies, neurocognitive function of affected persons returned to within normal ranges within a period o ...	2001	11677190
environmental public health surveillance: possible estuary-associated syndrome.	public health surveillance involves the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data for use in public health practice. a surveillance system includes the capacity to collect and analyze data as well as the ability to disseminate the data to public health agencies that can undertake effective prevention and control activities. an emerging issue in environmental public health surveillance involves human exposure to the toxins produced by microorganisms present in oceans and estuaries. one of t ...	2001	11677192
unveiling an ocean phantom.		2002	12198528