Publications

ten-year survey of british bats for the existence of rabies.	in 1985, a notable increase in the number of recorded cases of rabies in european bats was observed, indicating a possible spread of the rabies virus in these bats. because of concern that the disease could be introduced into the united kingdom by bats crossing from mainland europe, a programme of screening dead bats for the presence of rabies and rabies-related viruses was initiated at the rabies research and diagnostic unit at the central veterinary laboratory. over a period of 10 years (janua ...	1996	8950819
first isolation of a rabies-related virus from a daubenton's bat in the united kingdom.	on may 30, 1996, a sick daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) was recovered from the cellar of a public house in newhaven, east sussex. its condition deteriorated rapidly, and it was euthanased and examined. positive results, establishing the presence of a rabies or rabies-related virus in its brain, were obtained from the fluorescent antibody test, the rabies tissue culture isolation test, and a hemi-nested reverse-transcription pcr. the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein gene was determined ...	2000	11073000
isolation of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 from a daubenton's bat in the united kingdom.	european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) has been isolated once previously from a bat in the uk in june 1996. in september 2002, a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) found in lancashire developed abnormal behaviour, including unprovoked aggression, while it was in captivity. brain samples from the bat were tested for virus of the lyssavirus genus, which includes eblv-2 (genotype 6), and classical rabies virus (genotype 1). a positive fluorescent antibody test confirmed that it was infected with ...	2003	12696703
identification of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat found in staines, surrey, uk.		2004	15508848
identification of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat found in lancashire.		2004	15573955
european bat lyssavirus in scottish bats.	we report the first seroprevalence study of the occurrence of specific antibodies to european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in daubenton's bats. bats were captured from 19 sites across eastern and southern scotland. samples from 198 daubenton's bats, 20 natterer's bats, and 6 pipistrelle's bats were tested for eblv-2. blood samples (n = 94) were subjected to a modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test to determine antibody titer. from 0.05% to 3.8% (95% confidence interval) of dau ...	2005	15829196
european bat lyssavirus type 2 rna in myotis daubentonii.	organ distribution of european bat lyssavirus type 2 viral rna in its reservoir host, myotis daubentonii (daubenton's bat), was measured with a novel quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. high levels of genomic rna were found in the brain and were also detectable in the tongue, bladder, and stomach.	2006	16836837
bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses.	bats (order chiroptera, suborders megachiroptera ["flying foxes"] and microchiroptera) are abundant, diverse, and geographically widespread. these mammals provide us with resources, but their importance is minimized and many of their populations and species are at risk, even threatened or endangered. some of their characteristics (food choices, colonial or solitary nature, population structure, ability to fly, seasonal migration and daily movement patterns, torpor and hibernation, life span, roo ...	2006	16847084
isolation of european bat lyssavirus type 2 from a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) in shropshire.		2007	17873269
spatial distribution of mitochondrial and microsatellite dna variation in daubenton's bat within scotland.	daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) is a known reservoir for european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2). an appreciation of the potential for epidemiological spread and disease risk requires an understanding of the dispersal of the primary host, and any large-scale geographical barriers that may impede gene flow. the spatial pattern of microsatellite and mitochondrial dna variation was examined to infer patterns of dispersal of bats among 35 populations across scotland. dna sequence variation at t ...	2008	18565113
experimental study of european bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in daubenton's bats (myotis daubentonii).	european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) can be transmitted from daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. eblv-2 has been repeatedly isolated from daubenton's bats in the uk but appears to be present at a low level within the native bat population. this has prompted us to investigate the disease in its natural host under experimental conditions, to assess its virulence, dissemination and likely means of transmission between insectivorous bats. with the exception of direct intracranial inocula ...	2008	18931061
european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat in scotland.		2009	19783855
repeated detection of european bat lyssavirus type 2 in dead bats found at a single roost site in the uk.	in august 2007, european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) was isolated from a daubenton's bat found at stokesay castle. in september 2008, another bat from the same vicinity of stokesay castle also tested positive for eblv-2. this is the first occurrence of repeated detection of eblv-2 from a single site. here, we report the detection of low levels of viral rna in various bat organs by qrt-pcr and detection of viral antigen by immunohistochemistry. we also report sequence data from both cases and ...	2009	19841859
first encounter of european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in a bat in finland.	in finland, rabies in bats was suspected for the first time in 1985 when a bat researcher, who had multiple bat bites, died in helsinki. the virus isolated from the researcher proved to be antigenically related to rabies viruses previously detected in german bats. later, the virus was typed as eblv-2b. despite an epidemiological study in bats 1986 and subsequent rabies surveillance, rabies in bats was not detected in finland until the first case in a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) was conf ...	2010	20196902
detection of european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2) in a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) from magdeburg, germany.	in europe bat rabies in daubenton's bats (myotisdaubentonii) and in pond bats (myotis dasycneme) caused by the european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2) has been confirmed in less than 20 cases to date. here we report the second encounter of this virus species in germany. a daubenton's bat found grounded in the zoological garden in magdeburg died shortly after. in the frame of a retrospective study the bat carcass was eventually transferred to the national reference laboratory for rabies at the friedri ...	2012	22712424
molecular epidemiology of bat lyssaviruses in europe.	bat rabies cases in europe are principally attributed to two lyssaviruses, namely european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) and european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2). between 1977 and 2011, 961 cases of bat rabies were reported to rabies bulletin europe, with the vast majority (>97%) being attributed to eblv-1. there have been 25 suspected cases of eblv-2, of which 22 have been confirmed. in addition, two single isolations of unique lyssaviruses from european insectivorous bats were reported in ...	2013	22937876
bat rabies surveillance in finland.	in 1985, a bat researcher in finland died of rabies encephalitis caused by european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2), but an epidemiological study in 1986 did not reveal eblv-infected bats. in 2009, an eblv-2-positive daubenton's bat was detected. the eblv-2 isolate from the human case in 1985 and the isolate from the bat in 2009 were genetically closely related. in order to assess the prevalence of eblvs in finnish bat populations and to gain a better understanding of the public health risk that ...	2013	24011337
first detection of european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in norway.	in europe, bat rabies is primarily attributed to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) and european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) which are both strongly host-specific. approximately thirty cases of infection with eblv-2 in daubenton's bats (myotis daubentonii) and pond bats (m. dasycneme) have been reported. two human cases of rabies caused by eblv-2 have also been confirmed during the last thirty years, while natural spill-over to other non-flying mammals has never been reported. rabies has ...	2017	28693578
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.	the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...	2017	28636590