Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| survey of antibody against chicken anaemia agent (caa) by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique in breeder flocks in japan. | specific immunofluorescent antigens were detected in mdcc-msb1 cells, a lymphoblastoid cell line from marek's disease lymphoma, infected with chicken anaemia agent (caa) by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) technique. the large and small granular antigens were first recognised in a small proportion of the cells at 12 hours postinoculation (pi) with caa. the antigen-positive cells increased gradually thereafter, and they were misshaped and stained irregularly, showing the occurrence of ... | 1985 | 18766945 |
| pathogenicity and antigenicity of eleven isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa). | pathogenicity for chicks of 11 isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa) isolated in japan was examined. each strain produced aplastic anaemia in 100% of chicks when inoculated at 1 day of age with mortalities ranging from 20 to 90%. incidence of anaemia in chicks inoculated at 7 days of age varied from 0 to 87.5% according to the isolates, but no chick died. the susceptibility of chicks at various ages against the g1 (gifu-1) and a2 strains was compared. both strains produced anaemia in 100% of t ... | 1986 | 18766566 |
| aetiological examination of an outbreak of haemorrhagic syndrome in a broiler flock in japan. | the aetiology of an outbreak of haemorrhagic syndrome (hs) in a commercial broiler flock was examined. at a rearing farm, 596 of 6376 chicks (9.3%) in a flock were culled with depression and increased mortality from 12 to 26 days of age, with a peak at 16 to 19 days of age. most of the affected chicks examined had haemorrhagic lesions of the muscles, atrophic changes of the lymphoid organs and aplastic bone marrow. chicken anaemia agent (caa) was isolated from the livers of all the 21 chicks exa ... | 1987 | 18766640 |
| blue wing disease of chickens: experimental infection with a swedish isolate of chicken anaemia agent and an avian reovirus. | isolates of an avian reovirus and chicken anaemia agent (caa) from a field case of blue wing disease (bwd) in sweden were inoculated into groups of spf, one-day-old chicks as follows: expt 1, an organ suspension from the field case; expt 2, a selected non-purified reovirus isolate grown in chicken embryo liver cells. expt 3, a plaque-purified reovirus strain; expt 4, the caa isolate from the organ suspension and expt 5, a combination of reovirus (from expt 3) and caa (from expt 4). the inoculati ... | 1988 | 18766665 |
| anaemia-dermatitis of broilers: field observations on its occurrence, transmission and prevention. | anaemia-dermatitis was first observed in german broiler flocks in 1977. its frequency has increased in the past six years. atrophy of thymus, bursa and bone marrow occur and are affected by a severe anaemia and immunosuppression. secondary bacterial infections of the skin cause gangrenous dermatitis. systematic investigations of outbreaks in two broiler integrations showed the syndrome to occur only in the offspring of young broiler breeders during the first 3 to 9 weeks of production. anaemia c ... | 1988 | 18766671 |
| a serological survey of domestic poultry in the united kingdom for antibody to chicken anaemia agent. | a serological survey for antibody to chicken anaemia agent (caa) was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence. antibody to caa was widespread in broiler breeders and in parent and commercial layers in the uk. antibody to caa was also detected in five of 11 specific pathogen-free (spf) chicken flocks tested; positive flocks included those being used for vaccine production or as commercial suppliers of spf eggs. no antibody to caa was detected in turkey or duck sera. a longitudinal survey of two ... | 1988 | 18766689 |
| depression of vaccinal immunity to marek's disease by infection with chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) depressed protective vaccinal immunity against marek's disease (md) when vaccinated chicks were inoculated with caa at 1 to 14 days of age. in chicks inoculated with caa alone, a typical caa infection as manifested by early mortality, decrease in haematocrit value, severe lymphoid depletion in the lymphoid organs, and aplasia of the bone marrow occurred only when one-day-old chicks were inoculated. when both turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and caa were inoculated, a typical ... | 1988 | 18766691 |
| pathogenicity of chicken anaemia agent in bursectomised chickens. | bursectomised (bx) chickens, but not intact chickens, developed anaemia when inoculated with chicken anaemia agent (caa) at 2 weeks of age. no antibodies against caa were produced in the bx chickens and caa was persistently recovered from them. in contrast, caa disappeared from the intact chickens with the development of high titres of antibody. it was strongly suggested that the pathogenicity of caa was dependent on the production of humoral antibody against caa in infected chickens. histopatho ... | 1988 | 18766693 |
| unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence or absence of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (caa) in sera of spf and broiler breeder chickens. | 1988 | 2973713 | |
| transient depletion of cortical thymocytes induced by chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) causes severe anaemia, loss of body weight, and hypoplasia of thymus at day 14 after inoculation of one-day-old chickens. several reports have described an enhancement of concurrent infections with f.e. marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and reovirus. immunohistochemical methods were used to describe the immunopathological lesions of the thymus that probably form the basis of the immunodeficiency caused by caa. monoclonal antibodies and antisera a ... | 1989 | 2560270 |
| morphological characterization of chicken anaemia agent (caa). | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was characterized as a virion with 25 nm in diameter, with a buoyant density in cscl of 1.36-1.37 g/cm3, and containing a circular, single-stranded dna genome. the virus is composed of 32 hollow morphological units representing a regular t = 3 icosahedron. | 1989 | 2610594 |
| histopathology of chicks inoculated with chicken anaemia agent (msb1-tk5803 strain). | one-day-old chicks, inoculated intramuscularly with the msb1-tk5803 strain of chicken anaemia agent (caa), showed a decrease of haematocrit value and inhibition of body weight gain, particularly between days 12 and 20 post inoculation (pi). macroscopically, yellowish bone marrow, atrophy of the thymus and bursa of fabricius, enlargement and discoloration of liver were observed in most chicks at the peak of infection. histologically, the lesions appeared first in bone marrow and thymus on day 6 p ... | 1989 | 18679839 |
| ultrastructure of bone marrow in chicks inoculated with chicken anaemia agent (msb1-tk5803 strain). | ultrastructural changes of the bone marrow in chicks inoculated with chicken anaemia agent (caa: msb1-tk5803 strain) and age-matched controls are described. erythropoiesis in the lumen of the intravascular spaces (sinuses) of unaffected bone marrow were classed into four consecutive stages according to cell morphology: proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythroblasts and erythrocytes. in the early stage of infection, haematopoietic cells showed irregular plasma membra ... | 1989 | 18679864 |
| preliminary characterisation of isolates of chicken anaemia agent from the united kingdom. | two isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa) were made from livers obtained from broiler flocks with runting stunting syndrome. following primary isolation in spf chicks, both isolates were propagated in mdcc-msb1 cells. both were resistant to heat and chloroform-treatment, and were antigenically related to the cux-1 isolate of caa by cross-immunofluorescence and cross-neutralisation tests. the isolates produced anaemia and characteristic lesions in 100% of experimentally inoculated 1-day-old sus ... | 1990 | 18679915 |
| influence of virus dose on experimental anaemia due to chicken anaemia agent. | intramuscular inoculation of susceptible 1-day-old chicks with graded doses of chicken anaemia agent (caa) showed that the ability of caa to produce anaemia was related to the dose of virus inoculated. doses of caa in excess of 10(5.75) tcid50 invariably produced anaemia but doses below 10(3.3) tcid50 produced anaemia in only a small proportion of inoculated chicks, even though most of these birds seroconverted to caa and excreted enough virus to infect in-contact chicks. virus spread from inocu ... | 1990 | 18679924 |
| a micro-scale serum neutralisation test for the detection and titration of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent--prevalence of antibodies in danish chickens. | a micro-scale screening neutralisation test (snt) and a method for end point titration of sera for antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (caa) were developed. all 25 known positive sera gave positive results by the snt, while 24 of 25 sera, supposed to be negative according to an alternative neutralisation test method, gave negative results by the snt. the remaining one sample was repeatedly positive by the snt and by endpoint titration. a total of 1161 chicken serum samples from 97 flocks, repres ... | 1990 | 18679968 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was purified using differential centrifugation and successive cycles of equilibrium density gradient centrifugation using sucrose and cscl. the purification method was dependent on the use of an antigen-detecting elisa based on a caa-specific monoclonal antibody. virus particles banded at a density of 1.33 to 1.34 g/ml in cscl and measured 23.5 +/- 0.8 nm in diameter. purified preparations contained one major polypeptide (mr 50,000) and a single-stranded, circular dna ... | 1990 | 2109040 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in brazil. | seven chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolates were obtained from seven broiler flocks with poor performance in two states of brazil. all isolates induced thymus atrophy, bone-marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old susceptible chicks. the ciav isolates were resistant to treatment with chloroform and were able to pass through 50-nm-pore-size filters. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected chicks using a monoclona ... | 1991 | 1786012 |
| characterization of proteins of chicken infectious anemia virus with monoclonal antibodies. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) were developed. these mabs identified three isolates adapted to grow in the marek's disease chicken cell line msb1 (cux-1, ga-1, and conn-b) and the chicken-propagated cia-1 isolate. all mabs stained msb1 in the same way with mostly perinuclear staining, although larger nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic staining were also detected. none of the mabs neutralized cux-1. all mabs reacted in a direct enzyme-linked immu ... | 1991 | 1786015 |
| direct binding of protein a, protein g, and anti-igg conjugates to chicken infectious anemia virus. | recombinant protein a, recombinant protein g, and anti-chicken-igg anti-bodies raised in rabbits, goats, or horses were found to bind directly to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). msb-1 cells infected with the cux-1 strain of chicken anemia agent, but not to uninfected msb-1 cells were found to react with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rabbit anti-chicken horseradish peroxidase conjugate bound directly to cia-1 ciav-coated plates. in additio ... | 1991 | 1827577 |
| biological characterisation of australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent. | three australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa) resisted treatment at 70 degrees c for 5 min and chloroform treatment. although minor antigenic differences were detected using monoclonal antibodies to caa, the australian isolates were indistinguishable from the reference cux-1 and gifu-1 isolates in cross-immunofluorescence and cross-neutralisation tests employing polyclonal chicken antiserums. the australian viruses were pathogenic for intramuscularly inoculated 1-day-old spf chicks, b ... | 1991 | 1832278 |
| characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus dna that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. | circular double-stranded replication intermediates were identified in low-molecular-weight dna of cells of the avian leukemia virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell line 1104-x-5 infected with chicken anemia virus (cav). to characterize the genome of cav, we cloned linearized cav dna into the vector pic20h. transfection of the circularized cloned insert into chicken cell lines caused a cytopathogenic effect, which was arrested when a chicken serum with neutralizing antibodies directed against cav was ... | 1991 | 1851873 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the genome of chicken anaemia agent. | the replicative form (rf) dna of chicken anaemia agent (caa) was isolated and cloned into bacterial plasmids. after religation of the cloned caa dna and transfection into mdcc-msb1 cells, the dna could induce c.p.e. characteristic of that caused by caa, and an antigen was produced which gave positive immunofluorescence when detected with an anti-caa serum. sanger sequencing of the 2298 bp genome revealed several open reading frames (orfs); the major orf encoded a polypeptide of 51.8k. in sds-pag ... | 1991 | 1908516 |
| comparison of three animal viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes. | no common antigenic determinants and no dna sequence homologies were detected when three animal viruses, chicken anaemia agent (caa), porcine circovirus (pcv), and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (pbfdv), all of which possess circular single-stranded dna genomes, were compared. negative contrast electron microscopy showed that pcv and pbfdv particles were 30% smaller than caa particles and lacked the surface structure of caa. | 1991 | 2006901 |
| chicken anaemia agent: a review. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) is a small, unclassified, icosahedral dna virus with a single-stranded, circular genome. it seems to have a worldwide distribution. only one serotype of caa has been found, and all isolates investigated so far are pathogenic for young chicks. caa causes a syndrome in chickens characterised by increased mortality, anaemia associated with atrophy of the haematopoietic tissues in the bone marrow, subcutaneous and intramuscular haemorrhages, and atrophy of the lymphoid sy ... | 1991 | 18680014 |
| detection of antibody to chicken anaemia agent: a comparison of three serological tests. | a comparison was made between sensitivities of the virus neutralisation (vn) test, indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (caa). sera from chickens inoculated with caa at 11 weeks of age and from specific pathogen-free (spf) and field breeder chicken flocks were tested. seroconversion was detected by the three tests in all the inoculated birds at 2 to 3 weeks post-inoculation (pi). neutralisi ... | 1991 | 18680025 |
| detection of chicken anaemia virus by dna hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. | a clone containing the complete genome of chicken anaemia virus (cav) was used in hybridizations with dna from various field isolates of cav. cav dna from all field isolates was detected in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotides derived from the sequence of the cloned cav dna as primers. by way of southern blot analysis with (32)p-labelled dna probes derived from cloned cav dna, all field isolates were shown to contain dna molecules of about 2.3 kb, i.e. the size of cloned cav dna. in ... | 1992 | 18670920 |
| persistence of maternal antibody to chicken anaemia agent and its effect on the susceptibility of young chickens. | based on the incidence of anaemia, chicks derived from immune dams were shown to resist the parenteral challenge with chicken anaemia agent (caa) until 14 days of age. judging from thymic atrophy induced by the caa-challenge, maternally-derived immunity of chicks against caa infection persisted up to at least day 21. a very low level of maternal anti-caa antibody seemed to be efficacious to the caa-challenge. these results are discussed in relation to the significance of caa anaemia under field ... | 1992 | 18670925 |
| effect of chemicals on the infectivity of chicken anaemia virus. | none of five commercial disinfectants, invert soap, amphoteric soap, orthodichlorobenzene, iodine disinfectant and sodium hypochlorite, was completely effective in destroying the infectivity of chicken anaemia virus (cav) in liver material at 5% concentration. however, the iodine disinfectant and sodium hypochlorite completely inactivated the virus in tissue culture (tc) material when used at 1% concentration. cav was resistant to organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone a ... | 1992 | 18670943 |
| persistence and vertical transmission of chicken anaemia agent in experimentally infected laying hens. | irrespective of route of infection and age of hens at infection chicken anaemia agent (caa) was excreted via faeces repeatedly during the first 5 weeks postinfection. eggs, embryos and chicks of hens infected as chicks were free of caa, but caa was found in a small number of embryos and hatched chicks of hens infected during the laying period. re-infection of hens resulted in shedding of caa via the faeces for a period of 4 days, but no caa was found in eggs, embryos and chicks. immunofluorescen ... | 1992 | 18670964 |
| isolation of chicken anaemia virus from broiler chickens. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was demonstrated, by both serology and virus isolation, in 1- to 6-week-old broiler chickens originated from various parent flocks in hungary. total losses in the broiler flocks were estimated at 7 to 8% and about 25% of the chickens failed to reach target body mass by the 7th week of life. the clinical signs, postmortem lesions and histopathological changes of the affected chickens were similar to those of naturally occurring cav-induced infectious anaemia ... | 1992 | 1298167 |
| detection and differentiation of chicken anemia virus isolates by using the polymerase chain reaction. | complementary oligonucleotide primers which flank a 675-bp dna fragment encompassing part of the putative gene for the capsid protein of chicken anemia virus (cav) were used for the enzymatic amplification of cav dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). application of a dot blot hybridization assay by using a 32p-labeled cloned cav dna probe allowed pcr product amplified from as little as 0.1 fg of the target dna sequence to be detected. when it was used for pcr amplification, dna extracted f ... | 1992 | 1321165 |
| chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection. | after infection of 1-day-old chickens, chicken anemia virus (cav) causes a complete depletion of the thymic cortex by day 14. since cell death can be caused either by necrosis or by apoptosis, we investigated which type of cell death occurs after in vivo and in vitro infections with cav. using electron microscopy and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that cav induces apoptosis of cortical thymocytes after in vivo infection and of lymphoblastoid cell lines after in vitro infection. at day 13 a ... | 1992 | 1331529 |
| development and comparison of serologic methods for diagnosing chicken anemia virus infection. | this paper describes the development of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (iip) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies to chicken anemia virus (vac). the iip assay developed used cav-infected mdcc-msb1 cells for detecting antibody to cav, whereas the elisa utilized gradient-purified immunoadsorbed cav as the target antigen. the iip and elisa were compared with the standard indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, which is more conventionally u ... | 1992 | 1417604 |
| detection of chicken anaemia agent dna sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of chicken anaemia agent (caa) dna. the assay used a single set of 20-base primers complementary to sequences located in the coding regions of the caa replicative form (rf) dna genome at positions 485 to 504 and 1048 to 1067. the observed amplification product had the expected size of 583 bp and was confirmed to derive from caa rf dna by a unique hind iii restriction enzyme cleavage pattern. the amplified fragment was shown to b ... | 1992 | 1456891 |
| [an outbreak of infectious chicken anemia in fattening chickens in switzerland]. | an outbreak of infectious anaemia in 46 broiler flocks due to chicken anaemia agent (caa) is described. the vertically acquired infection led to increased mortality (3.6-19.8%) in 16 to 24 day-old broiler chickens. at necropsy severe atrophy of thymus and anaemia with pale bone marrow was observed. the histologic findings were depletion of cortical thymocytes and of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. the caa was isolated from 15 of 35 examined broiler flocks. | 1992 | 1470902 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification for direct detection of chicken anemia virus dna in tissues and sera. | direct detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) dna in tissues and sera was investigated by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. using a pair of primers constructed to amplify the coding sequence of the cav dna genome, the pcr assay was shown to be extremely sensitive, being able to detect 1 fg of cav replicative form dna. the oligonucleotide primers used for the pcr yielded 583 base-pair (bp) amplified product, which was sized by ethidium bromide-agarose gel electrophoresis. tissue samples f ... | 1992 | 1485846 |
| transcription of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome and synthesis of its 52-kda protein. | this paper describes the expression of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome, a recently characterized single-stranded circular-dna virus of a new type [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139]. the major transcript from the cav genome is an unspliced mrna of about 2100 nucleotides (nt). its transcription start point and poly(a)-addition site are located at nt 354 and 2317 of the cav sequence, respectively. in vitro translation experiments provide evidence that the major cav open reading ... | 1992 | 1511899 |
| characterization of viral dnas from cells infected with chicken anaemia agent: sequence analysis of the cloned replicative form and transfection capabilities of cloned genome fragments. | the viral dnas induced by the unclassified animal virus, chicken anaemia agent (caa), during replication in mdcc-msb 1 cells have been investigated. analyses after s1 nuclease, restriction endonuclease and denaturation treatments indicated that infected cell extracts contained genome-size, single-stranded dna (m(r) 2.3 kb), closed and open circular, double-stranded replicative form (rf) dnas (m(r) 2.3 kbp) and a population of smaller double-stranded dnas (m(r) 0.8 kbp). recombinant plasmids cont ... | 1992 | 1605740 |
| susceptibility of thymocytes for infection by chicken anemia virus is related to pre- and posthatching development. | to investigate the age-dependent mechanism of susceptibility for chicken anemia virus (cav) infection, we inoculated embryos and chickens of ages between day 9 of embryonic development and day 28 after hatching with cav. chicken embryos inoculated at days 9 and 11 of development showed no cav-infected cells in the thymus, nor in other lymphoid organs. many cav-infected cells were detected in the thymic cortex of all chicken embryos inoculated at days 13 and 16 of development and of all chickens ... | 1992 | 1643417 |
| chicken anaemia virus influences the pathogenesis of marek's disease in experimental infections, depending on the dose of marek's disease virus. | eight groups of 1-day-old chickens were inoculated with 0, 250, 5000, or 100,000 white blood cells of chickens infected with marek's disease virus strain k (mdv-wbc). four of these groups were additionally infected with 10(5) tcid50 chicken anaemia virus (cav). at day 14 after inoculation, chickens infected with cav had reduced haematocrit levels, reduced body weights, and depletion of the thymic cortex and bone marrow. semi-quantitative immunohistochemical examination of nerves and visceral org ... | 1993 | 8266627 |
| inactivation of chicken anaemia virus in chickens by heating and fermentation. | the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses by the use of animal products in animal feed constitutes a potential risk to the health of livestock. to reduce the risk, it is necessary to understand the survival of viruses during the processing of animal products to feed-stuffs. since chicken anaemia virus (cav) is very resistant to inactivation, we used it as a model for the inactivation of pathogenic viruses during treatment of animal products. it is concluded that fermentation ... | 1993 | 8266628 |
| a long term observation of antibody status to chicken anaemia virus in individual chickens of breeder flocks. | the antibody status to chicken anaemia virus (cav) in four layer breeder flocks was evaluated. sera were periodically collected from the same 17 to 20 individual chickens of each flock ranging in age from 10 to 63 weeks old. the neutralising and fluorescence antibody were detectable in individual chickens during the observation periods ranging from 13 to 44 weeks. a high prevalence of both neutralising and fluorescence antibodies was observed; however, the prevalence of fluorescence antibody in ... | 1993 | 8337489 |
| a sequential histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of chicken anemia virus infection at one day of age. | detection systems for chicken anemia virus (cav) antigen in paraffin sections were evaluated. mouse monoclonal antibodies to cav used in conjunction with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex detection system gave best results. immunoreactivity of cav was markedly affected by fixation. fixation in neutral buffered formalin for 6 hours gave best results. use of decalcifying fluid containing formic acid eliminated immunoreactivity of cav, whereas use of an edta solution did not. in a sequential stud ... | 1993 | 8363498 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on macrophage function in chickens. | one-day-old chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with chicken anemia virus (cav). four birds were killed at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (pi), and macrophages were recovered from spleen and bone-marrow suspensions. these were tested for interleukin-1 (il-1) production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. macrophages recovered from uninoculated chickens at the same sample times, and exposed to cav in vitro, were also tested. il-1 production, fc recepto ... | 1993 | 8363501 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on cell-mediated immune function in chickens exposed to the virus by a natural route. | three-week-old chicks were inoculated orally with cav and killed at various times postinoculation (pi). the spleens were removed, the cells were stimulated with concanavalin a, and lymphocyte transformation responses were determined. supernatants from these cultures were also assayed for t-cell growth factor (tcgf) and interferon. adherent macrophages from spleen or bone marrow were assayed for interleukin-1 production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. all cav-ino ... | 1993 | 8363502 |
| determination of the detection limit of the polymerase chain reaction for chicken infectious anemia virus. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) dna in infected cell cultures and chicken tissues was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the complete ciav genome of several strains was amplified in two segments with two sets of primer pairs. the dna segments of four ciav strains and full-length cux-1 strain dna were cloned. after amplification, 100 original genome equivalents were detected by southern hybridization. the sensitivity of the assay was enhanced considerably by performing ... | 1993 | 8363511 |
| depletion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subpopulations by cia-1, a chicken infectious anemia virus. | the suppressive effect of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) on t-lymphocyte subpopulation was evaluated in vivo by flow cytometry and dual immunostaining on frozen sections. between 14 and 21 days postinoculation (pi), the percentage of cd4-, cd8-, and ct1-positive (cd4+, cd8+, and ct1+) cells was significantly lower in chickens infected at 1 day of age with cia-1 strain of ciav than in controls. the mean percentage of cd4+ cells in the thymus was only 43%, whereas in the controls it was 77 ... | 1993 | 8363513 |
| abrogation of age-related resistance to chicken infectious anemia by embryonal bursectomy. | embryonally bursectomized (ebx) chickens developed signs and lesions typical of chicken infectious anemia (cia) when infected with cia-1 isolate of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) at 21 or 38 days of age. in both cases, the chickens had low hematocrit values after the 14th day of inoculation, and the percentage of cd4+ and cd8+ cells in the thymus was markedly reduced at 21 days postinoculation. even though intact chickens became infected, they never developed low hematocrit values. the d ... | 1993 | 8452491 |
| in situ hybridization for the detection of chicken anemia virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. | the development of a biotinylated in situ hybridization procedure for the detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) is described. a double-stranded dna probe was prepared using polymerase chain reaction and was biotinylated by nick translation. hybridization conditions included the use of a microwave oven to denature target and probe nucleic acids and a five-step protocol for detection of biotinylated hybrids. in situ hybridization detected cav nucleic acid in thymus tissue from experimentally inf ... | 1993 | 8452493 |
| transmission of chicken anaemia virus with semen. | 1993 | 8116161 | |
| characterization of surface markers present on cells infected by chicken anemia virus in experimentally infected chickens. | specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with chicken anemia virus (cav) at 1 day of age and killed after 6 days. using a double-antibody staining procedure, spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow cells containing cav antigen were stained for presence of t-cell antigens and chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class 1 and 2 antigens. the results demonstrated cav infection of precursor t-cells in the thymus and of mature t-lymphocytes in the spleen. a significant proportion of the cells i ... | 1993 | 8141753 |
| transcriptional analysis and genome expression of chicken anaemia virus. | strand-specific riboprobes representative of either strand of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) replicative form (rf) dna indicated that only one strand of the rf was transcribed to produce a major 2.0 kb transcript and that the encapsidated dna strand was of negative sense. primer extension analysis located a single transcriptional start site at nucleotide position 360 of the cav sequence. amplification, cloning and sequencing of the 3' end of the major transcript revealed the polyadenylation sit ... | 1994 | 8151304 |
| cloning and sequencing of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) orf-3 gene, and the development of an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a small, unclassified virus involved in anaemia and suspected of causing immunosuppression in young chickens. we have developed an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav based on cloned antigen. the gene for orf-3 (the putative capsid protein) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in a bacterial expression system, pgex. an orf-3 fusion protein was used to produce an indirect elisa. | 1994 | 8203122 |
| a single chicken anemia virus protein induces apoptosis. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes cytopathogenic effects in chicken thymocytes and cultured transformed mononuclear cells via apoptosis. early after infection of chicken mononuclear cells, the cav-encoded protein vp3 exhibits a finely granular distribution within the nucleus. at a later stage after infection, vp3 forms aggregates. at this point, the cell becomes apoptotic and the cellular dna is fragmented and condensed. by immunogold electron microscopy vp3 was shown to be associated with apopt ... | 1994 | 8254747 |
| identification of the promoter region of chicken anemia virus (cav) containing a novel enhancer-like element. | the single promoter region in the cloned genome [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139] of chicken anemia virus (cav) in chicken t-cells was analysed via cat assays. a unique region containing four or five near-perfect direct repeats (dr) of 21 bp with one 12-bp insert was proven to be the main transcription-activation element, with enhancer-like characteristics. pcr studies revealed that cav isolates from across the world all contained this promoter sequence. electrophoretic mobility-s ... | 1994 | 7821798 |
| some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus. | some important biological and physico-chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. these include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum-derived antibodies in piglets from sero-positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. the results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to ph 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circoviru ... | 1994 | 7941842 |
| monoclonal antibody technology: applications in veterinary science. | monoclonal antibodies have revolutionised the study of animals and their diseases. the author looks at the detection of antigen in samples using a range of techniques from indirect fluorescence, through in-situ hybridization to enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. examples are given of how salmonella species, mastitis antigens, viral antigens, chlamydial organisms and e. coli toxins can be detected using specific monoclonal antibodies. the recognition of antigen in tissues by monoclonal antibodie ... | 1994 | 14545927 |
| interaction between chicken anaemia virus and live newcastle disease vaccine. | three groups of 150 spf chickens were spray-vaccinated with live newcastle disease la sota-type vaccine (clone 30) at one day of age, and another three groups were ndv spray-vaccinated at 10 days of age. in each of the two series of ndv-vaccinated groups, one group also received at day-old 10(5) tcid50 of chicken anaemia virus (cav) also and another group 10(5) tcid50 of cav plus a low dose of virulent marek's disease virus (mdv). after one week, chickens of the groups which had been ndv-vaccina ... | 1994 | 18671091 |
| concurrent cryptosporidiosis and chicken anaemia virus infection in broiler chickens. | concurrent infection with cryptosporidium baileyi and chicken anaemia virus (cav) was observed in a flock of 8000 4-week-old broiler chickens. the birds, showing overt symptoms of stunted growth and 25% mortality from hatching to 4 weeks of age, harboured the protozoan in the epithelial cells of the bursa of fabricius and the urodeal portion of the cloaca. this is the first report on an outbreak of avian cryptosporidiosis associated with cav. | 1994 | 18671102 |
| avian encephalomyelitis following oral vaccination. | outbreaks of clinical avian encephalomyelitis (ae) which developed after vaccination of 14-week-old birds by the oral route are reported. mortality during weeks 2 to 5 following vaccination reached 2%. experimental studies showed that, in contrast to popular opinion, ae vaccine virus given orally can spread to the central nervous system and produce encephalomyelitis (mild). the severity of the vaccine induced lesions was not affected by chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection 2 weeks before ae vac ... | 1994 | 18671111 |
| in vitro infection of mononuclear cells derived from various chicken lymphoid tissues by chicken anaemia virus. | mononuclear cell suspensions derived from spleen, thymus and bone marrow tissues from chickens at 6 and 28 days of age were infected with cav under various culture conditions. indirect immunofluorescent staining of cytospin preparations of mononuclear cells revealed greater numbers of cells containing cav antigens in spleen and bone marrow cultures than in thymus cultured under the same conditions. cell cultures derived from 6- and 28-day-old chickens were equally susceptible to cav infection. t ... | 1994 | 18671121 |
| isolation of chicken anaemia virus from broiler chickens in new zealand. | chicken anaemia virus was isolated for the first time in new zealand from the new zealand domestic chicken population. the virus was recovered from diseased birds in five separate flocks of broiler chickens aged between 14 and 33 days of age. six isolates were obtained from bone marrow and lymphoid tissues using the mdcc-msb1 cell line derived from marek's disease lymphoma. all isolates were resistant to chloroform and survived exposure to 70 degrees c for 5 minutes. the main clinical features c ... | 1994 | 16031747 |
| chicken anaemia virus infection: molecular basis of pathogenicity. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a small virus of a unique type with a particle diameter of 23 to 25 nm and a genome consisting of a circular single-stranded (minus-strand) dna. this dna multiplies in infected cells via a circular double-stranded replicative intermediate, which was recently cloned. dna analysis of cav strains isolated in different continents revealed only minor differences among the various isolates. apparently, all cav isolates belong to a single serotype. cav is not related to o ... | 1995 | 18645763 |
| in situ hybridization for the detection of chicken anaemia virus in experimentally-induced infection and field outbreaks. | a double stranded dna probe, biotinylated by random priming, was used for in situ hybridization of chicken anaemia virus (cav) in thymus tissue. hybridization was visualized with an alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin biotin complex and the substrate new fuchsin. the test was performed on both uninfected and cav-, adenovirus- or infectious bursal disease virus-infected specified pathogen free white leghorn chickens. in addition, both healthy commercial broilers and broilers with blue wi ... | 1995 | 18645772 |
| molecular cloning of an attenuated chicken anaemia virus isolate following repeated cell culture passage. | the pathogenicity of the cux-1 isolate of chicken anaemia virus (cav) was substantially reduced following large numbers (50 to 173) of passages in mdcc-msbl cells. restriction endonuclease analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)- amplified dnas and recombinant plasmids containing dna inserts specified by cav that had been passaged 173 times, indicated that the population of high-passage virus was genetically diverse. a 210-base pair (bp) insertion, containing a 19-bp sequence identical to fo ... | 1995 | 18645774 |
| apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, induces p53-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. | previously, we have shown that the chicken anemia virus-derived vp3 ("apoptin") protein induces apoptosis in chicken mononuclear cells. here, we report that apoptin also induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells, regardless of whether they expressed wild-type, mutant p53, or no p53 at all. moreover, the nuclear location of apoptin appears to be important for its optimal induction of apoptosis. the fact that apoptin can induce p53-independent apoptosis in human tumor cells makes apoptin a pot ... | 1995 | 7834613 |
| synergism between chicken anemia virus (cav) and avian reovirus following dual infection of 1-day-old chicks by a natural route. | one-day-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chicks were dually infected with the cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav) and separate avian reovirus strains (s1133 or uchida) by an oral route. fourteen days after inoculation, chicks were bled, and packed cell volumes (pcvs) were determined. chicks were also weighted and examined for macroscopic changes to the bone marrow, thymus, and bursa of fabricius. the results obtained following dual inoculation of chicks with cav and reovirus were ... | 1995 | 8561738 |
| differential sensitivity to ad5 e1b-21kd and bcl-2 proteins of apoptin-induced versus p53-induced apoptosis. | apoptin, a small protein derived from chicken anemia virus (cav), induces apoptosis in human tumor cell lines regardless of whether these express p53 or not. we examined whether the small adenovirus 5 e1b protein of 21 kda (e1b-21kd), also called e1b-19kd) and bcl-2 could inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines and compared this with p53-induced apoptosis. e1b-21kd, but not bcl-2 was found to inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell lines u2os and saos-2. ho ... | 1995 | 8603467 |
| apoptin, a protein encoded by chicken anemia virus, induces cell death in various human hematologic malignant cells in vitro. | apoptin, a small protein encoded by chicken anemia virus (cav) was expressed in various human hematologic malignant cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphoma. three of these cell lines contain bcl-2 or bcr-abl proteins, known to block apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic compounds. by immunofluorescence and propidium-iodide staining apoptin was shown to induce apoptosis in all analysed cell lines. early after expression, apoptin exhibited a fine-granular distribution in the still intact nu ... | 1995 | 7475302 |
| immunogenic and protective properties of chicken anaemia virus proteins expressed by baculovirus. | the coding information for three putative chicken anaemia virus proteins (vp1, vp2, vp3) was inserted into a baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. the immunogenic properties of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) proteins produced separately or together in insect-cell cultures were analysed by inoculating them into chickens. only lysates of insect cells which have synthesised equivalent amounts of all three recombinant cav proteins or cells which synthesised mainly vp1 plus vp2 induced n ... | 1995 | 7483793 |
| influence of subclinical virus infections and other factors on broiler flock performance. | 1. the influence of subclinical infections with infectious bursal disease virus, adenoviruses, reo viruses and chicken anaemia virus and of various production variables on broiler flock performance was investigated. 2. a significant effect could not be demonstrated of any of the viral infections either alone or in combination. 3. the production results were profoundly influenced by several other factors, that is, breed, diet, stock density and contents of whole wheat grain in the food. 4. the in ... | 1995 | 7583376 |
| gene organization of chicken anemia virus. | the genomic dna of chicken anemia virus (cav) was cloned and sequenced from a japanese isolate caa82-2. the nucleotide sequence of caa82-2 isolate was 98% identical with that of the european cuxhaven-1 strain (noteborn et al., j. virol. 65, 3131-3139, 1991). nine open reading frames (orfs) consisting of more than 100 nucleotides were found, i.e., four orfs (ca1-ca4) on the plus strand and five orfs (ca1r-ca5r) on the minus strand. these orfs with the exception of ca4 are conserved between the tw ... | 1995 | 7778281 |
| immunosuppression and intracellular calcium signaling in splenocytes from chicks infected with chicken anemia virus, cl-1 isolate. | hematocrits, histopathology, concanavalin a-induced lymphocyte proliferation, intracellular calcium signaling, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed over a 6-week period in individual chicks inoculated with the cl-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus. lymphoid depletion/atrophy was present in the thymus and bone marrow by 11 days post-infection (pi). anemia was present at 14 days pi. the mean lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index (si) of the inoculated group was significantly lower than ... | 1995 | 7794172 |
| identification of a 24 kda protein expressed by chicken anaemia virus. | antisera raised against oriented peptide conjugates were used to identify and partially characterize a 24 kda protein product expressed by chicken anaemia virus (cav). the peptides derived from the n and c termini of the protein were shown to react against the native protein, expressed within virus-infected cells, by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and immunogold thin section electron microscopy techniques. the protein product was located by immunogold single labelling in intranuclear inclu ... | 1995 | 9049362 |
| the use of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization for the detection of measles virus and chicken anaemia virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. | microwave irradiation was investigated as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. two probe/tissue systems were used: a single-stranded rna probe for the detection of measles virus nucleocapsid genome in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain tissue, and a double stranded dna probe for chicken anaemia virus in thymus of chicken infected with the virus. microwaving, when used as sole pretreatment, was not as effective as the more traditional enzyme ... | 1996 | 8735282 |
| a serologic survey of antibody against chicken infectious anemia virus by indirect immunofluorescent assay in domestic poultry in china. | a serologic survey for antibody to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) was carried out by indirect immunofluorescent assay. antibodies against ciav were found in 79 of 185 individual sera (42%) from broiler breeders and broilers, as well as layer breeders and layers from eight cities and provinces in china. | 1996 | 8790886 |
| serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus infection in hungarian chicken flocks. | a serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was performed by using the indirect immunofluorescence (if) and the virus neutralization (vn) tests in commercial hungarian chicken populations. by the indirect if test, a total of 846 serum samples from 13 meat-type parent flocks of two breeds were investigated between 10 and 62 weeks of age. all flocks were found to be positive for anti-cav antibodies, and the rates of antibody-positive birds among flocks ranged fr ... | 1996 | 8810003 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genome of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain and comparison with other cav strains. | the complete genomic sequence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain was determined. comparisons of sequence data showed 37 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and cux-1, 38 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 26p4, and 48 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 82-2. there were 65 nucleotide differences in the largest open reading frame (orf3) between tk-5803 and one australian isolate. base changes introduced amino acid changes at 6 positions in the c-terminal half of vp3, ... | 1996 | 8844608 |
| investigation of the transfection capability of cloned tandemly-repeated chicken anaemia virus dna fragments. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an icosahedral virus, 25 nm in diameter, which, on the basis of its circular single-stranded dna genome, has recently been classified in the family, circoviridae. we have investigated whether infectious, monomeric cav dna from recombinant plasmids containing tandemly-repeated cav replicative form (rf) dnas, following transfection, was generated by homologous recombination or a replicational release mechanism involving rolling circle replication (rcr) of dna. experi ... | 1996 | 8856031 |
| a hypervariable region in vp1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is a unique infectious agent with an amino acid composition that has been found to be remarkably conserved even in isolates from different parts of the world. we have characterized field isolates of ciav which vary significantly in terms of their abilities to replicate in culture, demonstrating a biological difference between isolates. two sublines of mdcc-msb1 cells that differ in their abilities to support ciav were identified. in the msb1(s) subline the ... | 1996 | 8971016 |
| virus serological diagnosis in two avian species based on binding of human c1q to avian antibody. | diagnosis of infectious diseases in birds using direct assays such as conventional elisa or immunofluorescence require antibody directed to igg of each avian species. in this study, we tested binding of human c1q to different antigen-antibody complexes of two avian species in a sandwich immunofluorescent complement fixation test (s-icft). the reaction was as follows: virus (in cells) + decomplemented avian serum + human-c1q + goat anti-human-c1q + fluorescein isothiocyanate rabbit anti-goat-igg. ... | 1996 | 18645846 |
| chicken anaemia virus antibody elisa: problems with non-specific reactions. | for accreditation of csiro specific pathogen-free flocks, chicken sera are routinely tested for antibody to chicken anaemia virus (cav) using a commercially available elisa kit. on some occasions recently, up to 18.2% positive reactions have been found in individual isolators, with an overall reaction rate of 2.7%. on subsequent bleeding the majority of the suspected birds have given negative reactions, indicating that the earlier reactions were false-positives. the protein composition of the se ... | 1996 | 18645856 |
| pathogenicity of chicken anaemia virus (isolate 10343) for young and older chickens. | one-day-old chicks, inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with the chicken anaemia virus (cav) isolate 10343, showed depression of body weight gain and anaemia, particularly between days 14 and 21 post-inoculation (p.i.)- the weights of thymus and bursa were substantially reduced compared to controls at days 14 and 21 p.i. the histological lesions detected in thymus, bursa, spleen and liver were similar in frequency at days 14 and 21 p.i. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, lymphocyte deplet ... | 1997 | 18483923 |
| experimental evaluation of an inactivated vaccine against chicken anaemia virus. | an assessment of the performance of an inactivated chicken anaemia virus (cav) vaccine following administration to specific-pathogen-free (spf) breeder hens before the egg production period is reported. antibodies to cav in adult hens and maternally-derived antibodies to cav in the progeny chicks were assayed by elisa. progeny of vaccinated chickens showed sufficient levels of maternally-derived antibody to cav for up to 3 to 4 weeks of age. following challenge at 1, 10, 20 and 30 days of age of ... | 1997 | 18483941 |
| sequence of porcine circovirus dna: affinities with plant circoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence (1759 nt) of the ssdna genome of porcine circovirus (pcv) was determined from a cloned dsdna replicative form isolated from pcv-infected cells. sequence analysis detected no significant nucleic acid or protein similarity with another animal circovirus, chicken anaemia virus (cav) but, surprisingly, the highest protein similarity was obtained between the product of the largest predicted pcv orf (orf1; encoding a potential protein of 35.7 kda) and a putative protei ... | 1997 | 9010307 |
| increased virulence of marek's disease virus field isolates. | the continuation of an apparent evolutionary trend of marek's disease virus (mdv) towards greater virulence may explain recent increased losses from marek's disease (md) in vaccinated flocks. to address this question, the virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 mdv obtained from layer or broiler flocks between 1987 and 1995 were characterized. each isolate was cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts for four to six passages, and ascertained to be free from contamination with avian retroviruses, chick ... | 1997 | 9087332 |
| gordon memorial lecture. chicken anaemia virus--a glimpse of the future? | this paper uses background information about chicken anaemia virus as a guide to how the study and control of virus diseases of poultry may develop in the future. it is predicted that "new' viruses will be discovered in poultry, many of which will be difficult to grow in vitro and whose pathogenicity may appear uncertain. when new diseases/syndromes arise in the future, it should be a priority activity to define their pathology. the limitations of currently available virus diagnostic methods are ... | 1997 | 9088608 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells. | the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin induces a p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive type of apoptosis in various human tumor cells. here, we show that, in vitro, apoptin fails to induce programmed cell death in normal lymphoid, dermal, epidermal, endothelial, and smooth-muscle cells. however, when normal cells are transformed they become susceptible to apoptosis by apoptin. long-term expression of apoptin in normal human fibroblasts revealed that apoptin has no toxic or transforming activity i ... | 1997 | 9159162 |
| in situ hybridization for detection of chicken anaemia virus in peripheral blood smears. | blood smears, obtained from chickens known to be infected with or free from chicken anaemia virus (cav), were tested to detect cav dna by in situ hybridization (ish). a double-stranded, 1485 base-pair (bp) dna probe was prepared employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the probe was labelled with digoxigenin or biotin by nick translation. in situ hybridization employing simple specimen preparation, using both digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled probes, provided a rapid and inexpensive method for ... | 1997 | 9160328 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in china. | a chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolate was obtained from broiler flocks aged 25-40 days with anemia and poor performance and was designated sr43. the ciav isolate was resistant to treatment with chloroform and induced thymus atrophy, bone marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old, susceptible, specific-pathogen-free chicks. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in sr43-infected mdcc-msb-1 cells, a cell line derived from a marek's disease lymphoma, ... | 1997 | 9201400 |
| viral diseases of the immune system and strategies to control infectious bursal disease by vaccination. | viral infections which are immunosuppressive can affect the economics of poultry production, often as a result of the chicken's increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. the mechanism of this immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses. the replicating virus can have both direct and indirect effects on the cells of the immune system. the special role of the bursa of fabricius, as a lympho-epithelial organ, will be ment ... | 1997 | 9276986 |
| investigation of the attenuation exhibited by a molecularly cloned chicken anemia virus isolate by utilizing a chimeric virus approach. | molecular cloning of the cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav), which had been passaged 173 times in cell culture, resulted in the isolation of an attenuated strain, designated cloned isolate 10, which reverted to virulence following 10 passages in young chicks (d. todd, t. j. connor, v. m. calvert, j. l. creelan, b. m. meehan, and m. s. mcnulty, avian pathol. 24:171-187, 1995). the attenuated cloned isolate 10 differs from the molecularly cloned pathogenic cux-1 isolate in that it possess ... | 1997 | 9343191 |
| identification and partial characterization of arkansas isolates of chicken anemia virus. | chickens from both broiler and broiler breeder pullet flocks experiencing symptoms of chicken anemia virus (cav) infection were first observed at the poultry health research laboratory at the university of arkansas in september 1992. flocks had experienced higher than normal mortality with subcutaneous hemorrhages on the wings, neck, and thorax. postmortem and histopathologic evaluation revealed thymus and bursal atrophy and lesions consistent with those reported for cav infection. because this ... | 1997 | 9356707 |
| in situ hybridization on blood smears for diagnosis of chicken anemia virus in broiler breeder flocks. | chicken anemia virus (cav) infection was suspected in progeny from broiler breeder hens raised in a location that was geographically different from where most pullets were raised for one georgia production company. these breeder pullets were raised in new or relatively new houses. progeny from these pullets experienced a 10-fold increase in average daily mortality over progeny from flocks raised in established breeder houses. lesions in the broilers included severe necrotizing dermatitis, pale b ... | 1997 | 9454938 |
| bag-1 inhibits p53-induced but not apoptin-induced apoptosis. | bag-1 has been identified as a bcl-2-binding protein that inhibits apoptosis, either alone or in co-operation with bcl-2. here we show that bag-1 inhibits p53- induced apoptosis in the human tumour cell line saos-2. in contrast, bag-1 was unable to inhibit the p53-independent pathway induced by apoptin, an apoptosis-inducing protein derived from chicken anaemia virus. whereas bag-1 seemed to co-operate with bcl-2 to repress p53-induced apoptosis, co-expression of these proteins had no inhibitory ... | 1997 | 14646536 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant chicken anemia virus proteins expressed in a baculovirus vector system. | recombinant baculoviruses were constructed to express the putative proteins vp1, vp2 or vp3 of the chicken anemia virus (cav). the recombinant vp1, vp2 or vp3 were detected by sds-page, and their molecular weights were 50, 30/27 and 16 kda, respectively. the vp2 and vp3 reacted with sera from cav-infected chickens in western blot analysis and when used as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antigen, but vp1 did not. antibodies to cav were detected, by elisa using crude insect cell lysat ... | 1998 | 9524940 |
| isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the usa and europe. | samples of lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and lymph node from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome from california (usa) and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes from similarly diseased pigs from brittany (france) were examined by light microscopy, in situ hybridization (ish), and/or virus isolation. whole genomic probes for porcine circovirus (pcv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) were used for ish. tissue homogenate supernatants were inoculated onto pk/15 cells for virus iso ... | 1998 | 9526853 |
| recommended storage and resuscitation conditions for the mdcc-msb1 cell line. | storage and resuscitation of mdcc-msb1 cells, most commonly used for the propagation of chicken anemia virus was studied. cells were frozen slowly in rpmi medium 1640 with 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide, held at -70 c overnight, and placed into liquid nitrogen the next day. after 1 mo, 91% to 100% resuscitation rates were obtained, while cells that were frozen fast (directly transferred into liquid nitrogen) could not be resuscitated. | 1998 | 9533095 |
| interaction of chicken anaemia virus and cryptosporidium baileyi in experimentally infected chickens. | the natural occurrence of concomitant chicken anaemia virus (cav) and cryptosporidium baileyi infection was described earlier. in this experiment, 1-day-old chickens were infected with cav alone (anaemia virus infected, ai) or followed by inoculation with 8 x 10(5) c. baileyi oocysts orally at 1 wk of age (anaemia virus and cryptosporidium infected, aci). another group of chickens received the same dose of c. baileyi oocysts without previous virus infection (cryptosporidium infected, ci), and tw ... | 1998 | 9653989 |