Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| disseminated cryptosporidiosis in simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-infected rhesus monkeys. | 1987 | 2823446 | |
| long-term persistent infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus. | juvenile rhesus macaques 6 to 18 months of age were experimentally infected by intravenous inoculation with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), the t cell-tropic retrovirus of monkeys related to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) virus hiv. the siv used for inoculation was grown either in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 or in the human tumour cell line hut-78. eight of the macaques died 129 to 352 days post-inoculation with a varie ... | 1987 | 2826656 |
| natural history of endemic type d retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. | a 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of saids and infection with a type d retrovirus, saids retrovirus serotype 1 (srv-1). of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with saids within 9 months of introduction into the resident saids-endemic population. in contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenil ... | 1987 | 3477665 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| immunophenotypic characterization of the cutaneous exanthem of siv-infected rhesus monkeys. apposition of degenerative langerhans cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes during the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a t-cell tropic retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), has recently been isolated from immunodeficient rhesus monkeys. this virus has remarkable similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. subsequent studies of simian infection with siv have shown it to be a relevant animal model for studying the pathogenesis of aids in man. in both hiv-infected humans and siv-infected monkeys, a cutaneous maculopapular eruption has bee ... | 1987 | 3030113 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in guinea bissau in 1980. | to determine the past prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in west africa, we tested 440 serum samples collected in 1980 from people living in rural areas of guinea bissau. the sera were screened for antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolated from rhesus macaque monkeys (sivmac) and then confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to siv, hiv-2, and hiv-1. five of the serum samples were repeatedly reactive by all assays to ... | 1988 | 3132940 |
| isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, papio (mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial africa. this virus, designated sivmnd (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human cd4-positive cells. western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed tha ... | 1988 | 3172337 |
| inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. this isolate, originally designated m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (mniv) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboon ... | 1988 | 3285032 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group. | some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ... | 1988 | 3374586 |
| trichomonas gastritis in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus. | 1988 | 2834463 | |
| functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression. we performed cotransfection assays of sivmac and hiv-1 tat constructs with ltr-cat reporter plasmids. the primary effect of transactivation for both sivmac and hiv-1 is an increase in ltr-directed mrna accumulation. the sivmac tat gene product partially transactivates an hiv-1 ltr, where ... | 1988 | 2846868 |
| characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned sivmac. | infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is probably the best animal model currently available for studying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this report, we describe three infectious molecular clones of sivmac and one of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and their use in the study of cell and species specificity, animal infection, and the relationship of gene sequence to function. replication of the cloned viruses in different cell lines varied dramat ... | 1988 | 2846880 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-induced immunodeficiency disease in rhesus monkeys: relation of antibody response and antigenemia. | infection of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) induces a disease similar to aids. we compared siv-specific antibody and antigenemia with the progression of disease in monkeys experimentally infected with siv/delta isolates that varied in pathogenicity. western blot, immunoprecipitation, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serial sera from macaques infected with attenuated virus revealed a persistent antibody response and no evidence of siv ... | 1988 | 2848903 |
| necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta. | lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ... | 1988 | 2850650 |
| comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | information on the extent of genetic variability among non-human primate lentiviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is sorely lacking. here we describe the isolation of two molecular clones from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and their use to derive restriction endonuclease maps of five siv isolates from rhesus macaques and one from a cynomolgus macaque. although similar, all six viral isolates are readily distinguishable; the single isolate from a cynomolgus macaque is ... | 1988 | 2893293 |
| prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. | the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ... | 1988 | 2895751 |
| suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro by cd8+ lymphocytes. | the aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys induced by the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been used as a model to explore the nature of the t lymphocyte response after infection with viruses of the human immunodeficiency virus family. activated cd8+ lymphocytes are present in increased numbers in the paracortex of lymph nodes of siv-infected rhesus monkeys with a lymphadenopathy syndrome. we demonstrate that siv is more readily isolated from cd8+ lymphocyte-depleted pbl of siv-infected anim ... | 1988 | 2965185 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the transmembrane protein of simian immunodeficiency virus from the african green monkey. | mouse monoclonal antibodies were produced against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from the african green monkey (sivagm). the antibodies reacted with the transmembrane protein of all five sivagm isolates but not with those of sivs from the rhesus macaque and mandrill or of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or type 2, indicating that they recognize a species-specific epitope strongly conserved in sivagm. the transmembrane proteins of several sivagm isolates were found to vary in molecular s ... | 1988 | 2460641 |
| molecular cloning of two west african human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages: a gambian isolate, from a patient with neurologic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a highly divergent ghanian isolate. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-related viruses were isolated from a gambian dying of exclusively neurological disease (hiv-2d194) and from an asymptomatic ghanian (hiv-2d205). both strains exhibited properties of hiv-1 biological subtype c: they grew slowly and induced few or no syncytia but eventually produced high levels of particle-associated reverse transcriptase in cultures of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes, and they established stable infection of t-lymphoma (hut-78) and m ... | 1989 | 2467304 |
| isolation of human immunodeficiency virus-related simian immunodeficiency viruses from african green monkeys. | we have isolated lentivirus strains that are related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) from african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops; agm). although immunologically related, these sivagm are clearly distinct from other simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates, including isolates from macaca mulatta (sivmac) or even from other agm. the sivagm strains described in this communication grow well in a limited number of human t-lymphoma lines. virus density, morphology, and reverse tra ... | 1989 | 2468160 |
| the productive infection of alveolar macrophages by simian immunodeficiency virus. | alveolar macrophages obtained from healthy rhesus monkeys were infected with siv in vitro as documented by the appearance of reverse transcriptase activity in the cell-free supernatant, electronmicroscopy, and immunohistochemical methods detecting siv-related core protein. the results demonstrate permissive infection of alveolar macrophages with siv in vitro and define a system for studying macrophage-siv interactions. | 1989 | 2474655 |
| effect of recombinant soluble cd4 in rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | the cd4 molecule is a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) and a soluble truncated form of cd4 produced by recombinant dna technology is a potent inhibitor of hiv-1 replication and hiv-1-induced cell fusion in vitro. rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac), a virus closely related to hiv-1, develop an aids-like syndrome, and so provide an important model for the evaluation of potential aids therapies. we have ... | 1989 | 2536140 |
| cellular localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissues. i. immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a lentivirus with genetic relatedness to the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2). it induces a fatal syndrome in rhesus monkeys that closely parallels the clinical course of aids in humans. the authors used double-labeling immunohistochemical procedures on rhesus lymph node and spleen taken during different time periods after siv infection to localize the p27 gag protein to specific cellular immunophenotypes. in animals with follicular hyperpla ... | 1989 | 2537016 |
| cellular localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissues. ii. in situ hybridization. | lymph nodes and spleens were collected at autopsy and by biopsy from 29 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). lymph nodes were classified morphologically into stages of follicular hyperplasia, follicular involution, follicular depletion with normal or expanded paracortices, follicular and paracortical depletion, granulomatous lymphadenitis, or normal. the distribution of siv rna was determined by in situ hybridization using a nick translated, 35s labeled, sivmac dna p ... | 1989 | 2537017 |
| interactions between simian immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterium leprae in experimentally inoculated rhesus monkeys. | thirty-four rhesus monkeys were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae inoculum isolated from sooty mangabey monkeys with leprosy. later it was learned that one of the m. leprae-donor mangabeys was asymptomatically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). thus, five of the rhesus monkey were coinoculated with m. leprae and siv. three of the five became siv-positive and developed signs of leprosy and an aids-like illness. two animals remained healthy. the coinoculated leprosy-positive rhe ... | 1989 | 2547881 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaque lymph nodes with a sivmac envelope probe. | a tritium-labeled dna envelope gene probe was used to detect simian immunodeficiency virus in formalin fixed lymph nodes from rhesus monkeys experimentally inoculated with sivmac251. cells containing siv rna produced strong hybridization signal and were present in small numbers in biopsy specimens and in much greater numbers in lymph nodes collected at autopsy. siv-infected cells were morphologically identified as lymphocytes and macrophages. | 1989 | 2547958 |
| infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys: virulence and activation of latent infection. | the virulence of three isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys (sivagm) was studied in rhesus and pigtailed macaques. none of 15 rhesus monkeys and one of four pigtailed monkeys died from infection during the time they were studied (up to 33 months). sivagm was only isolated from rhesus monkeys for up to 2 months after inoculation. however, when these animals were secondarily infected with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus type 1 (srv-1), sivagm wa ... | 1989 | 2547960 |
| rhesus macaques inoculated with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. | we have isolated a biologically active molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), sivmac 1a11, originally obtained from a rhesus macaque at the new england regional primate research center. virus derived from cells transfected with this clone is cytopathic for rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells, replicates in cultures of rhesus macrophages, and infects rhesus macaques when inoculated intravenously. six macaques inoculated with sivmac 1a11 all became infected and produced anti ... | 1989 | 2547965 |
| postexposure immunotherapy of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infected rhesus with an siv immunogen. | an inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) immunogen given to healthy, seropositive rhesus macaques 4 months after infection had no effect on the humoral immune response to siv, the presence of antigenemia, cell-associated viremia, or disease course. further immunotherapeutic trials in this highly susceptible animal model should be carried out sooner after exposure, before significant loss of cd4 cells has occurred. the siv infected macaque model will continue to serve an essential ... | 1989 | 2547966 |
| vaccine protection against simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | rhesus monkeys were immunized by multiple inoculations with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in adjuvant. immunized monkeys developed anti-siv antibodies detectable by whole-virus elisa and by immunoblot reactivity; these antibodies had weak neutralizing activity. one week after the last immunization, monkeys were challenged with 200-1000 animal infectious doses of uncloned, live siv. the same strain of siv that was used for vaccination was also used for cha ... | 1989 | 2548210 |
| urinary neopterin concentrations in rhesus monkeys after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac 251). | two rhesus monkeys were infected with sivmac 251. elevated urinary neopterin concentrations were observed as the first sign of infection. virus-specific antibodies were detected 14 days after infection, when neopterin concentrations were already decreasing. the neopterin levels of one animal remained elevated and the virus was repeatedly isolated. urinary or serum neopterin concentrations appear to be early markers for siv infection and viremia in rhesus monkeys. | 1989 | 2548536 |
| a formalin-inactivated whole siv vaccine confers protection in macaques. | a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) would be highly effective in stopping the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. a comprehensive evaluation of potential vaccine methodologies can be made by means of the simian model for aids, which takes advantage of the similarities in viral composition and disease potential between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection of rhesus macaques and hiv infection in humans. immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole siv va ... | 1989 | 2555923 |
| use of simian immunodeficiency viruses for aids research. | despite frequent statements to the contrary, there are good animal models for aids. in this review, we summarize the properties of one of the most useful animal models: infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the sivs are an extensive group of hiv-related lentiviruses of nonhuman primates. they closely resemble the human aids viruses, hiv-1 and hiv-2, in both genetic sequence and biological properties. some siv isolates, most notably those derived from macaques and ... | 1989 | 2559900 |
| characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific t-cell-mediated cytotoxic response of infected rhesus macaques. | four juvenile rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac-freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from these sivmac-infected and from uninfected control macaques were assessed for cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity monthly for 7 consecutive months, beginning 2 months after infection. target cells consisted of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haploidentical parental pbmc which were stimulated with mitogen and then pulsed with heat-killed s ... | 1989 | 2561053 |
| immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region ala582 to cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus. | the immunochemistry of two homologous uniquely antigenic peptides representing ala582 to cys604 in the transmembrane proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque origin, sivmac (closely related to hiv-2) and hiv-1 (strain htlv-iiib) was characterized at the resolution of single amino acids. five different antigenic sites were identified in the sivmac peptide by use of 34 mab against this peptide and two different sites were similarly demonstrated in the hiv-1 peptide by use of 10 ... | 1989 | 2584709 |
| a highly divergent hiv-2-related isolate. | it has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac) evolved from the sooty mangabey virus sivsm (ref. 1). we now describe an hiv-2-related isolate, hiv-2-d205, from a healthy ghanaian woman that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic hiv-2 strains and to sivsm and sivmac. supported by the observation that hiv-2d205 differs in a step of envelope glycoprotein processing, our data indicate that it could ... | 1989 | 2594088 |
| hiv-2 in rhesus monkeys: serological, virological and clinical results. | diseases induced by animal retroviruses are not considered to be good models for the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at present. the lack of an animal model for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection presents a main problem in the complete understanding of the pathogenesis of hiv-mediated diseases. because of the homologies between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and hiv-2, we inoculated rhesus monkeys with hiv-2 and hiv-2 adapted in vitro to monkey cells. one of th ... | 1989 | 2708010 |
| identification and biologic characterization of an acutely lethal variant of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabeys (siv/smm). | a virus pool isolated from lymphoid tissue of a macaque (pbj) infected for 14 months with siv/smm was found to be associated with acute disease and death. six of six pig-tailed macaques, one of three rhesus macaques, and three of four siv/smm-seronegative mangabeys developed acute disease within 5 days and died from 7 to 13 days postinoculation; however, neither of two siv/smm-infected mangabeys died or developed disease. the virus associated with acute disease and death was shown by electron mi ... | 1989 | 2765298 |
| genital mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus: animal model for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. | an animal model for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was developed by the application of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) onto the genital mucosas of both mature and immature, male and female rhesus macaques. virus preparations were infused into the vaginal vaults or the urethras (males) of the animals through a soft plastic pediatric nasogastric feeding tube. the macaques that were infected by this route (six males and nine females) developed siv-specific a ... | 1989 | 2778875 |
| an african primate lentivirus (sivsm) closely related to hiv-2. | the ancestors of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) may have evolved from a reservoir of african nonhuman primate lentiviruses, termed simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). none of the siv strains characterized so far are closely related to hiv-1. hiv-2, however, is closely related to siv (sivmac) isolated from captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). siv infection of feral asian macaques has not been demonstrated by serological surveys. thus, macaques may have acquired siv i ... | 1989 | 2786147 |
| cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines can harbor the aids virus in vitro. | a detailed definition of aids virus-specific t lymphocytes will require the generation and characterization of hiv-1-specific, cloned t cell populations. in our studies, we show that cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines, derived from pbl of rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques and humans infected with hiv-1, can harbor aids viruses. cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines derived from infected individuals are shown to express aids virus-encoded proteins and generate reverse transcriptas ... | 1989 | 2787348 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a pathogenic molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques, sivmac239, has been determined. virus produced from this molecular clone causes aids in rhesus monkeys in a time frame suitable for laboratory investigation. the proviral genome including both long terminal repeats is 10,279 base pairs in length and contains open reading frames for gag, pol, vif, vpr, vpx, tat, rev, and env. the nef gene contains an in-frame premature stop after the 92nd codon. ... | 1990 | 2078405 |
| vaccine protection of rhesus macaques against simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) immunized with an inactivated whole sivmac vaccine and muramyl dipeptide (mdp), incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa), or aqueous suspension were challenged intravenously with 0.1 tcid50 of cell-free sivmac. whereas virus was readily recovered from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 10 of 10 nonvaccinated controls following this challenge dose, virus was not recovered from the three animals that received the vaccine with mdp nor from one of two animals that receive ... | 1990 | 2078406 |
| open reading frame vpr of simian immunodeficiency virus encodes a virion-associated protein. | the genomes of simian immunodeficiency viruses isolated from rhesus macaques (sivmac) contain an open reading frame (orf), vpr, which has a coding potential of 97 to 101 amino acid residues. in this study, a vpr orf-encoded protein of approximately 11 kda was identified, and anti-vpr antibodies were detected in rhesus macaques infected by sivmac. these results provide clear evidence that the vpr orf is a coding gene of sivmac. the vpr protein, like the vpx protein which is encoded by another acc ... | 1990 | 2145446 |
| two distinct lymphocyte populations mediate simian immunodeficiency virus envelope-specific target cell lysis. | the relative contributions of the effector lymphocyte responses to the aids virus envelope glycoprotein (env) were explored in simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac)-infected rhesus monkeys. cd8+, mhc class i-restricted, env-specific ctl were cloned from pbl of sivmac-infected monkeys, indicating that such cells constitute a component of the env-specific effector lymphocyte response. a limiting dilution 51cr release assay was then established for quantitating the frequency of sivmac- ... | 1990 | 2147200 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in vitro by plasma from siv-infected rhesus macaques. | plasma from two rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv; isolate sivmac251) enhanced sivmac infection of a human cd4+ lymphoblastoid cell line, mt-2. prechallenge plasma samples from these animals and serum from siv-negative macaques did not enhance infection. compared with controls, infection enhancement was characterized by the rapid appearance of syncytium formation (3 to 4 days sooner), reverse transcriptase release (10-fold increa ... | 1990 | 2152808 |
| the gag-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) is a lentivirus which induces an aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys. we have explored the virus-specific cellular immune response in sivmac-infected rhesus monkeys. con a-activated, il-2 expanded pbl of some sivmac-infected rhesus monkeys lyse autologous b lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus that carries the sivmac gag gene. this lysis is mediated by cd8+ lymphocytes and is mhc class i restricted. moreover, ... | 1990 | 2153161 |
| inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine failed to protect rhesus macaques from intravenous or genital mucosal infection but delayed disease in intravenously exposed animals. | eight rhesus macaques were immunized four times over a period of 8 months with a psoralen-uv-light-inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine adjuvanted with threonyl muramyl dipeptide. eight unvaccinated control animals received adjuvant alone. only the vaccinated animals made antibodies before challenge exposure to the viral core and envelope as determined by western blotting (immunoblotting) and virus-neutralizing antibodies. ten days after the final immunization, one-half of the ... | 1990 | 2157886 |
| soluble and membrane-associated interleukin 2 receptor-alpha expression in rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | more than 80% of rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were found to have elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (il-2r) in their serum during the course of infection. all long-term survivors had stably elevated levels of soluble il-2r. the highest levels of soluble il-2r correlated with the expression of il-2r on tissue macrophages. although il-2r expression was induced on alveolar macrophages by infection with siv in vitro, expression of il-2r on tissue ma ... | 1990 | 2159083 |
| induction of aids in rhesus monkeys by molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. | better understanding of the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) would be greatly facilitated by a relevant animal model that uses molecularly cloned virus of defined sequence to induce the disease. such a system would also be of great value for aids vaccine research. an infectious molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was identified that induces aids in common rhesus monkeys in a time frame suitable for laboratory investigation. these results provide anothe ... | 1990 | 2160735 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus-specific t-cell-mediated proliferative response of infected rhesus macaques. | while cell-mediated immunity is known to play an important role in controlling viral infections, its role in human and experimental animal models of human aids has not been established. to address this issue, four juvenile rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac. freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these sivmac-infected macaques and four uninfected control macaques were assessed for t-cell proliferative activity to siv, monthly, for 10 consecu ... | 1990 | 2161669 |
| immunization with a live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) prevents early disease but not infection in rhesus macaques challenged with pathogenic siv. | an infectious, virulence-attenuated molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), sivmac-1a11, was derived from an siv isolate that causes fatal immunodeficiency in rhesus macaques. when inoculated intravenously in rhesus macaques, sivmac-1a11 induced transient viremia (1 to 6 weeks) without clinical disease and a persistent humoral antibody response. the antibodies were directed mainly against the viral envelope glycoproteins, as determined by immunoblots and virus neutralization. the ... | 1990 | 2164591 |
| requirements for simian immunodeficiency virus antigen-specific in vitro proliferation of t cells from infected rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys. | the measurement of cell-mediated immunity against the etiologic agent of human aids (hiv) in the non-human primate model of aids (simian immunodeficiency virus, siv) has been difficult. in general, culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hiv-1- and siv-infected humans and monkeys, respectively, with purified inactivated hiv and siv virus preparations has given inconsistent or negative proliferative responses. however, we describe herein an assay which consists of coculturing monocytes ... | 1990 | 2164818 |
| pathology of dual mycobacterium leprae and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. | three rhesus monkeys were experimentally inoculated with sooty-mangabey-derived mycobacterium leprae and were inadvertently infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) as well. they died of an immunodeficiency syndrome, and at autopsy all had lesions caused by m. leprae. one monkey was inoculated twice with m. leprae, initially with an inoculum from a sooty mangabey that was not infected with siv and, subsequently, with an inoculum from a mangabey that was siv infected. the monkey did ... | 1990 | 2165511 |
| pharmacokinetics of 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine in rhesus monkeys. | 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine are nucleoside analogs which inhibit human and simian immunodeficiency virus in vitro. the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds in rhesus monkeys after intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous administration of the drug were compared. half-lives, total clearances, and steady-state volumes of distribution of the two drugs were determined. the half-lives for the drugs by the different routes were between 0.58 and 1.4 h. oral bio ... | 1990 | 2168144 |
| complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies in plasma from vaccinated macaques before and after inoculation with live simian immunodeficiency virus. | rhesus monkeys vaccinated against infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were examined, in retrospect, for the presence of infection-enhancing antibodies and possible consequences associated with the presence of these antibodies. at the time of experimental inoculation with live virus, complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies were detected in plasma specimens from six of six animals vaccinated with detergent-inactivated whole virus, from nine of nine animals vaccinated wit ... | 1990 | 2168999 |
| report of a who informal consultation on animal models for evaluation of drugs and vaccines for hiv infection and aids. w.h.o., geneva, 14-15 september 1989. | the use of animal models in the preclinical evaluation of anti-hiv drugs and vaccines was discussed at an informal consultation at world health organization headquarters in geneva, 14-15 september 1989. the consultation was attended by six experts from four countries. hiv animal models, other lentivirus/animal models and oncornavirus/animal models were discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared to hypothetical ideal hiv/animal models for preclinical evaluation of anti-hiv dr ... | 1990 | 2175206 |
| ocular manifestation of simian immunodeficiency syndrome (saids). | the management of opportunistic infections is a significant problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agents is needed. we present the ocular manifestations of an aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) at the delta regional primate research center. these findings consisted of rubeosis in the anterior segment and retinitis, optic neuritis, choroiditis and panophthalmitis ... | 1990 | 2177390 |
| immunologic and pathologic manifestations of the infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | the striking similarities between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-induced disease in macaque monkeys and hiv-induced disease in humans make the siv-induced macaque monkey an extraordinarily important model for the study of aids. the most significant difference between these lentivirus-induced syndromes is the more rapid progression of disease in siv-infected monkeys. the immunologic and pathologic manifestations of siv infections in rhesus monkeys are described. | 1990 | 2213505 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of siv infection: further characterization and cross reactivity between macaque and sooty mangabey isolates. | plasma from four rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), of which two were experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolate sivmac251, one with isolate sivsmf236, and another with a sivsmf236 molecular clone, sivsmh-4, enhanced sivmac infection of mt-2 cells. in addition to siv-positive plasma, infection-enhancement required complement, cd4, and cr2. titers of infection-enhancing antibodies appeared to correlate with disease progression. the mt-2/sivmac251 system should be ... | 1990 | 2231684 |
| sequence variability of simian immunodeficiency virus in a persistently infected rhesus monkey. | a juvenile rhesus monkey that was inoculated intravenously with molecularly cloned sivmac239 became persistently infected. a modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used to specifically amplify full-length envelope (env) gene sequences from dna extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), lymph node tissue, and cells infected with recovered virus at 69 and 93 weeks post-infection. extensive sequence variability accumulated in vivo in spite of infection with molecularl ... | 1990 | 2231687 |
| experimental infection of timed-pregnant rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) during early, middle, and late gestation. | ten rhesus monkeys were inoculated with siv/deltab670 during various stages of gestation to determine factors predictive of transplacental infection. two abortions associated with rapid disease occurred shortly after infection; uninfected infants were caesarean delivered from eight other females. siv-specific rna accompanied by deciduitis was identified in the maternal portion of two placentas suggesting that opportunistic infections may promote entry of siv into placental tissue. the lack of ev ... | 1990 | 2231690 |
| use of simian immunodeficiency virus for vaccine research. | rhesus monkeys were immunized with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in adjuvant induced siv neutralizing antibodies. two of six previously vaccinated macaques were protected against infection when challenged with 200-1,000 animal infectious doses of uncloned, pathogenic siv and both have remained free of signs of virus infection for 19 and 30 months. prior vaccination appeared to be of benefit in decreasing the virus load and in delaying the onset of aids in ... | 1990 | 2231691 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus inhibits bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. | the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the depressed hematopoietic functions seen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals were explored in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac). bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell colony formation, both granulocyte/macrophage (cfu-gm) and erythrocyte (bfu-e), was shown to be decreased in number in sivmac-infected rhesus monkeys. sivmac was readily isolated from bone marrow cells of infected monkeys a ... | 1990 | 2296079 |
| siv, stlv-i and type d retrovirus antibodies in captive rhesus macaques and immunoblot reactivity to siv p27 in human and rhesus monkey sera. | the prevalence of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-i), and type d retrovirus (srv-d) antibodies was determined for 1229 rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) from two research colonies. serum samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunoblot (ib), and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa). seropositive results for the three retroviruses tested were 0 for siv, 270 (22%) for stlv-i, and 103 (8.4%) for type d retrovirus. o ... | 1990 | 1706606 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from each other and from human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against p27 and one against p17 of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from rhesus macaques were produced and characterized by reacting with disrupted, viral antigens on immunoblots. human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2 and siv isolates from sooty mangabey, stump-tailed macaque, rhesus macaque and african green monkey (sivsm, sivstm, sivmac and sivagm) were used for comparative analysis. the p27 monoclonal antibodies he3 and fa2 reacted with sivmac ... | 1990 | 1689369 |
| studies of cloned simian immunodeficiency virus-specific t lymphocytes. gag-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes exhibit a restricted epitope specificity. | cd8+ ctl inhibit the replication of hiv and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) in pbl and, therefore, are likely to play an important role in containing the spread of the aids virus in infected individuals. we have generated a series of gag-specific lytic t lymphocyte clones from pbl: of an sivmac-infected rhesus monkey. these t cell clones are cd3+cd8+ and are mhc class i-restricted in their target specificity. they are, therefore, ctl. interestingly, all gag-specific ctl clones ... | 1990 | 1691757 |
| study of long-term cultures of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac 251)-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes. | a culture of rhesus monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes was divided into two parts; one was kept as an uninfected control, and the other was infected with a strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251) originally isolated from a rhesus monkey that died of a malignant lymphoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. both cultures were sampled at successive intervals from 1 to 40 days postinfection. each sample was subjected to in situ hybridization for detection of viral mrna, ... | 1990 | 1696333 |
| natural killer cell activity of rhesus macaques against retrovirus-pulsed cd4+ target cells. | rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) fail to demonstrate natural killer (nk) activity against the human t-cell lines cem, cem x 174, or sup-t1. however, these cell lines could act as nk-sensitive target cells if they were pulsed with heat-inactivated, whole simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the ability of these siv-pulsed t-cell lines to act as nk-sensitive target cells was directly related to the relative density of cd4 on their surface. target cell generation was inhibited by pr ... | 1990 | 1975194 |
| cross-reactivity with sivmac in east african hiv-1-positive sera: evidence against double infection with hiv-1 and a sivmac/hiv-2-like virus. | igg antibodies reactive with simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a rhesus monkey suffering from simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (sivmac, strain 239, a virus which is very closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2-hiv-2) were found in 18 of 120 swedish and 8 of 11 east african confirmed hiv-1 antibody positive (hiv-1 ab+) sera, both by enzyme immunoassay and electrophoretic immunoblotting (p = 1 x 10(-6). in electrophoretic immunoblotting most of the cross-reactivit ... | 1990 | 1703133 |
| strain-specific neutralizing determinant in the transmembrane protein of simian immunodeficiency virus. | monoclonal antibody sf8/5e11, which recognizes the transmembrane protein (tmp) of simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque monkeys (sivmac), displayed strict strain specificity. it reacted with cloned and uncloned sivmac251 but not with cloned sivmac142 and sivmac239 on immunoblots. this monoclonal antibody neutralized infection by cloned, cell-free sivmac251 and inhibited formation of syncytia by cloned sivmac251-infected cells; these activities were specific to cloned sivmac251 and did not occ ... | 1991 | 1705994 |
| soluble human cd4 elicits an antibody response in rhesus monkeys that inhibits simian immunodeficiency virus replication. | rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) demonstrate significant virologic and clinical improvement as a result of treatment with human recombinant soluble cd4 (rscd4). we show that human rscd4 does not efficiently inhibit sivmac replication in bone marrow macrophages of rhesus monkeys and does not significantly augment bone marrow hematopoietic colony formation in vitro. however, plasma of human rscd4-treated rhesus monkeys does exhibit significant ant ... | 1991 | 1986356 |
| selection of genetic variants of simian immunodeficiency virus in persistently infected rhesus monkeys. | genetic and antigenic variation may be one means by which lentiviruses that cause aids avoid elimination by host immune responses. genetic variation in the envelope gene (env) was studied by comparing the nucleotide sequences of 27 clones obtained from two rhesus monkeys infected with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. all 27 clones differed from each other and differed from the input clone in the gp120 (su) portion of the envelope gene. nucleotide substitutions were shown to accu ... | 1991 | 2002545 |
| detection of occult simian immunodeficiency virus sivsmm infection in asymptomatic seronegative nonhuman primates and evidence for variation in siv gag sequence between in vivo- and in vitro-propagated virus. | polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to identify simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) sivsmm gag sequences in genomic dna isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naturally infected asymptomatic seropositive and seronegative sooty mangabeys (cercocebus atys) and from experimentally infected but asymptomatic rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). the results indicate that most if not all siv-seronegative mangabeys from the colony at the yerkes primate center are in fact infected ... | 1991 | 2002546 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaque bone marrow macrophages correlates with disease progression in vivo. | the pathogenesis of hematopoietic abnormalities associated with infection of susceptible hosts with either simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is not fully understood. to determine if bone marrow cells are infected with siv and if the pattern of viral infection is correlated with the severity of disease and abnormalities in hematopoiesis, 23 siv-infected rhesus monkeys were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. by immunohistochemistry, ... | 1991 | 2012177 |
| strategy for developing a genetically-engineered whole-virus vaccine against hiv. | the production of genetically-engineered, noninfectious virions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) represents a novel approach to the development of a safe and effective vaccine for the acquired immune deficiency syndromes (aids). insofar as preparations of inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are now demonstrating protection in immunization-challenge studies in rhesus monkeys, a safe preparation of noninfectious hiv virions produced in a genetically-engineered cell line becomes a ... | 1991 | 2017194 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) exhibits complex splicing for tat, rev, and env mrna. | the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a t-lymphotropic lentivirus associated with a fatal aids-like disease in rhesus macaques. siv has a complex genome encoding virion structural proteins, transactivators, and accessory genes. from lymphoid cells chronically infected with a biologically active molecular clone of siv, sivmac1a11, the polymerase chain reaction technique has been used to selectively amplify transcripts for viral transactivators and the envelope gene. three species of mrna enc ... | 1991 | 2024463 |
| immunization of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys with soluble human cd4 elicits an antiviral response. | since the cd4 molecule is a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), it has been suggested that a soluble truncated form of cd4 may compete with cell-surface cd4 for hiv binding and thus be of use in the therapy of aids. we have utilized the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac)-infected rhesus monkeys to explore another possible therapeutic application of cd4 in aids--the use of recombinant soluble cd4 (rscd4) as an immunogen. sivmac-infected ... | 1991 | 2052546 |
| 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) effectively inhibits retrovirus replication in vitro and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. | 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the in vitro replication of a number of retroviruses, including hiv-1 and hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian aids-related virus (srv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv). pmea causes a dose-dependent suppression of the induction of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies in siv mac-infected rhesus monkeys. complete suppression of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies was achieved i ... | 1991 | 2059358 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection: immunohistological and scanning and transmission electron microscopical studies. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in 6 of 17 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus and was studied by immunohistochemistry and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. a monoclonal antibody/streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase staining method was highly sensitive for detecting the organisms in small, early lesions and was much more sensitive and specific than traditional silver impregnation methods. reprocessing of paraffin wax-embedded lung tissue for scanning elec ... | 1991 | 2072217 |
| anti-idiotypic antibody response to monoclonal anti-cd4 preparations in nonhuman primate species. | a series of mouse monoclonal anti-cd4 preparations was characterized for the ability to recognize overlapping epitopes on cd4 and to inhibit hiv/simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) syncytium formation. based on this characterization, mab able to recognize cd4 epitopes overlapping the hiv binding site were selected and used to immunize nonhuman primates to elicit the production of specific anti-id antibodies. five baboons and five rhesus monkeys were immunized with either individual or a cocktail ... | 1991 | 1702802 |
| multi-step pathogenesis of aids--role of cytomegalovirus. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been shown to be the initial aetiological agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the recent clinical, epidemiologic, pathological, immunological and molecular data presented in this review point to a multi-step pathogenesis of aids involving hiv as an initial cause leading to reactivation of cytomegalovirus (cmv), human herpesvirus-6 (hh-6) and other immunosuppressive organisms. although the onset of cmv reactivation is not precisely known ... | 1991 | 1650955 |
| functional analysis of long terminal repeats derived from four strains of simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm in relation to other primate lentiviruses. | the promoter activity of long terminal repeats (ltrs) of four strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from african green monkeys (sivagm) was compared with those of various ltrs derived from the other representative primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), type 2 (hiv-2), siv from a rhesus monkey (sivmac), and siv from a mandrill (sivmnd). the expression of the ltrs was evaluated by monitoring chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production after transfection ... | 1991 | 1656599 |
| rhesus monkey macrophages infected with simian immunodeficiency virus cause rapid lysis of cd4-bearing lymphocytes. | inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into cultures of primary rhesus monkey macrophages or cd4-bearing transformed t lymphocytes resulted in persistent infection, with minimal virus replication in the macrophages and extensive replication in the lymphocytes. however, uninfected t cells added to infected macrophages underwent rapid fusion and lysis and were almost completely eliminated without the production of virus particles. lysis required direct contact between the t cells and the inf ... | 1991 | 1671581 |
| metabolic disorder as early consequence of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques. | to establish whether the high plasma glutamate and low acid-soluble thiol (mainly cysteine) concentrations previously found in patients with hiv-1 infection are a consequence of the infection or a risk factor for its development, a closely related animal model, rhesus and fascicularis macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251), was studied. the 23 infected macaques had significantly lower mean plasma thiol and higher glutamate concentrations than 18 uninfected controls (p l ... | 1991 | 1677701 |
| recombinant virus vaccine-induced siv-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | evidence indicates that cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) may be important in containing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the infected host. although the use of recombinant viruses has been proposed as an approach to elicit protective immunity against hiv, the ability of recombinant viral constructs to elicit cd8+ ctl responses in higher primates has never been demonstrated. a live recombinant virus, vaccinia-simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac), was used to det ... | 1991 | 1708168 |
| definition of an epitope and mhc class i molecule recognized by gag-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in sivmac-infected rhesus monkeys. | infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) results in disease similar to human aids. therefore, the macaque monkey is proving to be an important model for testing the effectiveness of various aids vaccine approaches. a detailed analysis of the cellular immune responses is necessary for the evaluation of candidate vaccines. however, this has not been possible in macaques, due, in part, to the unknown nature of the mhc molecules that restrict their t l ... | 1991 | 1711081 |
| in vitro macrophage tropism of pathogenic and nonpathogenic molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac). | the significance of infection of mononuclear phagocytes by immunodeficiency lentiviruses of primates is not clearly established. to explore the relationship of macrophage tropism and pathogenesis, conditions to culture and infect monocyte-derived macrophages from rhesus macaques were established and the growth properties of two molecular proviral clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) were studied. rhesus macrophages supported productive infection of the nonpathogenic sivmac-1a11 clone ... | 1991 | 1711254 |
| localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), like the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), is a lentivirus that is both immunosuppressive and neurovirulent. rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) inoculated with siv often develop a giant cell encephalitis similar to that seen in humans infected with hiv. the authors examined siv expression by immunohistochemistry and rna in situ hybridization in the cerebrum, cerebellum, choroid plexus, and spinal cord from five macaques with and two macaques without giant cel ... | 1991 | 1716047 |
| mutational analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac nef gene. | we are using site-directed mutagenesis of single viral genes to identify and analyze the genetic determinants of human and simian immunodeficiency virus pathogenicity. in a first approach, we have constructed a series of simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac nef mutants by partial deletion and insertions in the nef gene, as this gene is a candidate gene for the establishment and maintenance of latency. nef insertion mutants replicated faster than wild-type sivmac, suggesting that the nef gene pro ... | 1991 | 1716690 |
| an activated cd8+ lymphocyte appears in lymph nodes of rhesus monkeys early after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. | although alterations in t lymphocyte subset distribution and function in the peripheral blood of hiv-infected humans are well defined, the extent to which these reflect changes in other lymphoid compartments is unclear. we have characterized the coincident changes in pbl and lymph nodes (ln)1 after simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) infection of rhesus monkeys. whereas no consistent change in cd8+ pbl was noted during the first 60 d after infection, cd8+ lymphocytes increased sig ... | 1991 | 1717508 |
| early viral replication in the brain of siv-infected rhesus monkeys. | to investigate the mechanism of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) entry into the central nervous system (cns) and the initial events leading to neuropathogenesis, siv replication was studied by in situ hybridization in the cns of 5 rhesus macaques at 7 days, 1, 2, and 3 months after siv intravenous inoculation. cns infection was found to be a frequent and early event, as siv was detected in the cns of all the animals studied and as early as 7 days postinoculation. at the earliest stage, the in ... | 1991 | 1750503 |
| postexposure chemoprophylaxis with zdv or zdv combined with interferon-alpha: failure after inoculating rhesus monkeys with a high dose of siv. | presently, no information is available regarding the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis in controlled human trials following accidental exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). using the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in rhesus monkeys, which develop a disease closely resembling human aids, we tested the efficacy of either single-agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zdv) or the combination of zdv plus recombinant human interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha). treatment was started 3 ... | 1991 | 1753337 |
| arthritis in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/delta). | the joint tissues from 36 rhesus (age 2-5 years) infected with siv/delta were graded into four groups and then correlated with the following systemic immunologic parameters: numbers of cd4+, cd4+ plus cd29+, and cd20+ cells and siv/delta antigenemia. grade i (n = 16) consisted of normal synovial membrane; grade ii (n = 8) consisted of synovial hyperplasia; grade iii (n = 8) consisted of a mononuclear cell infiltrate, and grade iv (n = 4) consisted of synovial membrane infiltration of syncytial c ... | 1991 | 1753709 |
| functional and immunological characterization of siv envelope glycoprotein produced in genetically engineered mammalian cells. | retroviral envelope glycoproteins interact with cell receptors and are targets for antiviral immune responses in infected hosts. macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) is a t-lymphocytopathic lentivirus which causes an aids-like disease in rhesus macaques. the envelope gene of sivmac encodes a precursor glycoprotein (gp160) which is cleaved into an external domain (gp130) and a transmembrane domain (gp32). to investigate the functional and immunological properties of the siv external env ... | 1991 | 1760229 |
| chronic pancreatitis and biliary fibrosis associated with cryptosporidiosis in simian aids. | two rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus for 15 and 24 months developed generalized oedema and one became jaundiced. at necropsy, the liver and pancreas were hard and irregular and the gall bladder was thickened. histopathological examination showed extensive fibrosis of the pancreas, loss of exocrine acini and marked proliferation of ductules. numerous cryptosporidia were present on the duct epithelium. the liver of both animals had widespread cirrhosis, bile duct prolifer ... | 1991 | 1770178 |
| lentivirus-induced pulmonary lesions in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | necropsy reports from 28 rhesus monkeys that had been experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and that were free of cytomegalovirus were reviewed. lung sections from 24 of these monkeys that had no etiologic agent other than siv detected in the lung were studied in detail by histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examination and by in situ hybridization. fourteen of the monkeys were part of a serial euthanasia study, while others were euthanatized ... | 1991 | 1771740 |
| macrophage-tropic variants of siv are associated with specific aids-related lesions but are not essential for the development of aids. | the importance of macrophage infection for the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was investigated. molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac239 replicates very poorly in cultured macrophages yet it causes aids in rhesus monkeys. three of five rhesus monkeys that died with aids following sivmac239 infection showed no disease manifestations directly associated with macrophage infection, such as encephalitis and granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. simian im ... | 1991 | 1853937 |
| protection of macaques with a simian immunodeficiency virus envelope peptide vaccine based on conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequences. | this report describes the vaccination of rhesus macaques with peptides selected from regions of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) envelope that are hydrophilic, immunoreactive, and highly homologous with corresponding conserved envelope sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the peptides, produced as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, induced virus-neutralizing and peptide-specific antibodies. after challenge with virulent virus, controls became virus positive and developed ... | 1991 | 1871125 |
| efficacy of siv/deltab670 glycoprotein-enriched and glycoprotein-depleted subunit vaccines in protecting against infection and disease in rhesus monkeys. | immunization with an inactivated whole-virus vaccine is highly effective in preventing lentivirus infection. the viral protein(s) essential to the induction of protective responses, however, have not been identified. to define the role of virion components in the induction of protective immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of glycoprotein-enriched and glycoprotein-depleted simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) subunit vaccines prepared by lentil-lectin affinity chromatography of gradient-purified v ... | 1991 | 1883540 |