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hepatitis b virus vaccine safety: report of an inter-agency group.this article summarizes the findings of the inter-agency group to monitor vaccine development, production, and usage on the safety of hepatitis b virus vaccine. because this vaccine is prepared in the us from human plasma containing hepatitis surface antigen, concerns had been raised about its safety and efficacy. the inter-agency group found the following: 1) immediate side effects are minimal after receipt of the vaccine, 2) no longterm reactions have been reported, 3) the purification and ...19826815462
human t cell leukemia virus-1 antibodies not detected in aids.a collaborative study of sera from men in new york city with aids and at risk for aids, by investigators in omaha, cambridge and kyoto, has failed to identify antibodies to human t cell leukemia virus i (htlv-i).19836152820
opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma among haitians: evidence of a new acquired immunodeficiency state.twenty haitian patients, hospitalized from 1 april 1980 to 20 june 1982, had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central nervous system toxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, cryptococcosis, disseminated cytomegalovirus, progressive herpes simplex virus, chronic enteric coccidiosis, or invasive kaposi's sarcoma. ten patients died. opportunistic infections were frequently multiple and were recurrent in three patients. in seven patients disseminated tuberculosis preceded the other infections by 2 to 1 ...19836299151
when will prevention of htlv-iii infection be possible?over the last five years, the pattern and prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has taxed microbiologists. the disease has increasingly looked like the result of a transmissible agent which though of low infectivity, has a predilection for certain well-defined social groups. homosexual men are among the most commonly affected but drug addicts and haemophiliacs are also at risk. the existence of the disease in central africa suggests also that there may be a natural focus p ...19846597989
a pathogenic retrovirus (htlv-iii) linked to aids.several converging lines of research have linked a human t-cell lymphotropic retrovirus, human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), to the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this article traces the basic research that led to this finding and outlines possible clinical implications of this new information. cultured cells derived from us patients with t-cell growth factor receptive positive t-cell lymphoproliferative disease were the source of the 1st isolates of hum ...19846208484
[analysis of membrane differentiation antigens and atla (adult t-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen) of 25 cultured cell lines derived from human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma]. 19846089485
virologic studies in a case of transfusion-associated aids.the authors present the case of a 60-year old woman who developed acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (aids) 43 months after a blood transfusion. the blood donor was identified as a sexually active homosexual man who frequently used intravenous drugs. although he was asymptomatic, physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy of cervical, axillary, and inguinal areas. 47 months after his blood donation, the donor underwent lymph node biopsy which revealed follicular hyperplasia. h ...19846092957
possible viral interactions in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).viral interactions may occur whenever a host is infected simultaneously with two viruses. persons at high risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may provide a substrate for such interactions. these could include complementary immunosuppression, potentiation of infection by altered receptors or genetic complementation, phenotypic mixing, or genetic recombination. the possibility of such interactions should be considered in the pathogenesis of aids.19846095405
the cd4 (t4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the aids retrovirus.acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is characterized by opportunistic infections and by 'opportunistic neoplasms' (for example, kaposi's sarcoma). persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl) is epidemiologically associated with aids, especially in male homosexuals. a subset of t lymphocytes positive for the cd4 antigen (also termed t4 antigen), is depleted in aids and pgl patients. a retrovirus found in t-cell cultures from these patients is strongly implicated in the aetiology of aids b ...19846096719
prospective observations of viral and immunologic abnormalities in homosexual males.this article presents preliminary observations on the immunologic and viral status of 103 homosexual men from new york who were enrolled in a prospective study begun in late 1981. at the time of enrollment, none of the study participants had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) as defined by the centers for disease control (cdc). the initial laboratory investigation indicated that 82.7% of the 1st 81 volunteers had a okt4:okt8 ratio lower than the control range of 1.4-2.8. 31 (38.3%) of ...19846100004
structural and epidemiological features of primate lymphotropic retroviruses.primate lymphotropic retroviruses (plrv) have been isolated from man and various species of old world monkeys. the human isolates adult t-cell leukemia virus (atlv) or human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-i) are endemic among japanese in the south-west of the country as well as africans in both africa and america. in these populations atl and its lymphoma variant are also endemic and all these patients harbor the virus and have serum antibodies to viral env gene polypeptides gp68, gp46, p21 as well ...19846100632
structural and antigenic characterization of the proteins of human t-cell leukemia viruses and their relationships to the gene products of other retroviruses.the primary structure analysis of the gag gene products of human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv)-icr has been nearly completed. a comparison of the amino acid sequences with the published nucleotide sequence of htlv-iatk established that i) p19 which is known to share antigenic determinants with a protein present in normal thymic epithelium, is nevertheless virally coded. ii) the gene order and complete primary structure of the gag precursor (pr55) which has been shown to be myristylated (my) at it ...19846100635
human t-cell leukemia virus specific antigens.type i and type ii human t-cell leukemia viruses (htlv) contain in their genomes three structural genes, gag, pol, and env and a putative transforming gene, lor. using a living cell membrane immunofluorescence assay, antibodies to surface-expressed env gene products of htlv-ma have been detected in healthy carriers living in the htlv-i endemic areas, and in patients with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll). similar antibody reactivities were detected in patient mo, from whom htlv-ii was first ...19846100639
htlv-iii: the etiologic agent of aids.a retrovirus belonging to the family of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (htlv) was isolated from several patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), aids-related complex (arc) and asymptomatic homosexual males at increased risk of developing aids. this new virus was designated htlv-iii. a serological screening procedure incorporating an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a radioimmunoassay using a western blot technique was developed employing disrupted htlv-iii as t ...19846100648
htlv and immunosuppression.there is increasing evidence for the link between members of the human t-lymphotropic virus family and clinically important disease. we used indirect membrane immunofluorescence (imi) to screen patient and control sera for antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv) specific cell membrane antigens (htlv-ma) of htlv-i and htlv-iii. representative sera were screened for antibodies to specific htlv-encoded proteins using radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) with sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresi ...19846100649
adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma in jamaica and its relationship to human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i-associated lymphoproliferative disease.we had shown previously that the prevalence of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i)-antibody positivity is high in jamaican non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) patients and that virus-positive patients have the clinical features and poor prognosis of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl). sixty-two % of 45 nhl patients diagnosed consecutively between 2/1/82 and 1/31/84 and studied prospectively were htlv-i-antibody positive. skin involvement (38%), hypercalcemia (44%), and leukemia (40%) ...19846100652
htlv: epidemiology and relationship to disease.with the discovery of the human retrovirus class, an important turning point in the understanding of the process by which cancer is caused and develops in humans has been achieved. as summarized here, clinical and epidemiologic studies have documented the close association of human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-i) to a particular form of t-cell malignancy, adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl). yet to be understood is the process involved in translating virus infection into malignant lymphoprolifer ...19846100653
longitudinal study of persistent generalised lymphadenopathy in homosexual men: relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.42 homosexual or bisexual men with persistent generalised lymphadenopathy not attributable to an identifiable cause have been followed longitudinally since february, 1981. lymphadenopathy was accompanied by fatigue, low-grade fever and/or night sweats (57%), splenomegaly (29%), leucopenia (40%), hypergamma - globulinaemia (76%), and diminished proportion and absolute numbers of helper t cells (95%). of the 26 patients who had lymph node biopsy, all showed benign reactive hyperplasia. after 15-30 ...19846143974
prevalence of antibody to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii in aids and aids-risk patients in britain.2000 persons in the uk were examined serologically for antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). sera reacting in a membrane immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to htlv-iii were also positive when tested against cells infected with lymphadenopathy virus (lav-1), and cross-adsorption tests indicated that these retroviruses are probably identical. a competitive radioimmunoassay (ria), which was wholly concordant with ifa, was used to screen the sera. 30/31 patients with the acquired ...19846147546
determinants of retrovirus (htlv-iii) antibody and immunodeficiency conditions in homosexual men.a cohort of homosexual men at high risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was monitored to examine the relation between lifestyle, clinical conditions, t-lymphocyte subsets, and antibody to the aids-associated human retrovirus, human t-cell leukaemia virus iii (htlv-iii). htlv-iii antibodies were present in 35 (53%) of the 66 subjects tested in june, 1982. 4 of the seronegative subjects had htlv-iii antibodies when re-tested one year later, a seroconversion rate of 1.2% per month. ...19846148471
ribavirin suppresses replication of lymphadenopathy-associated virus in cultures of human adult t lymphocytes.the in-vitro effect of ribavirin on the replication of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav), one of the prototype viruses aetiologically associated with lymphadenopathy syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, was tested. ribavirin, a nucleoside, suppressed the replication of lav in cultures of human adult t lymphocytes. suppression occurred at ribavirin concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml or higher.19846150368
needlestick transmission of htlv-iii from a patient infected in africa.this article reports a case of needlestick transmission of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection to a health care worker in the uk from a patient who was presumably infected while in africa. the patient, a white woman who had lived in central southern africa, presented at the hospital with general malaise, dry cough, and fever. lung biopsy revealed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection, and the patient was seropositive for htlv-iii infection with a titer of 260. the pati ...19846150372
pseudotype viruses bearing envelope antigens of japanese isolates of human t-cell leukemia viruses type i.we tried to transmit human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) into non-lymphoid cells and found that s+l- ccc cat cells were permissive for htlv-i. using these htlv-positive cat cells, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotypes bearing envelope antigens of japanese isolates of htlvs were prepared and their reactivities with human or rabbit serum were examined. japanese htlv2m, htlv10y, and htlvmt-2 pseudotypes and american htlvpl pseudotype were neutralized by sera of japanese and american ...19846152758
inhibition of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii in vitro by phosphonoformate.phosphonoformate, an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase in a number of retroviruses, was shown to have a dose-related inhibitory effect on human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) replication in the h9 cell line in vitro. htlv-iii replication was eliminated at a concentration of 680 mumol, a non-cytotoxic dose. a lower dose of 132 mumol inhibited htlv-iii replication by more than 98%, as measured by reverse transcriptase activity, compared with untreated infected cultures. reverse tra ...19852409414
immunological properties of htlv-iii antigens recognized by sera of patients with aids and aids-related complex and of asymptomatic carriers of htlv-iii infection.a high correlation was found among antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus type iii (htlv-iii), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. with the western blot technique the antigens (shown as proteins with molecular weights given in thousands) in htlv-iii lysates recognized by positive sera have been identified as p120, p66, p51, p41, p31, p24, and p17. the most common reactivity was toward p41. lectin fractionation identified p120 and p41 as ...19852410106
immunohistopathology of lymph nodes in htlv-iii infected homosexuals with persistent adenopathy or aids.lymph node biopsies from 43 male homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and from ten acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, all with serum antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus iii, were studied with regard to histopathology, immunohistology, and t-cell subsets in cell suspensions. all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome biopsies except one with kaposi's sarcoma had the same histopathological pattern of follicular depletion, whereas the persistent generalized lymphadeno ...19852410110
subunit vaccines against exogenous retroviruses: overview and perspectives.vaccines prepared from purified viral envelope complexes are effective against certain animal model tumors induced by exogenous retroviruses. related viruses have recently been isolated from humans and obviously cause adult t-cell leukemia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. knowledge accumulated in experiments with subunit vaccines against animal retroviruses could help to develop immunopreventive regimens against human retroviruses.19852410114
current status and strategies for vaccines against diseases induced by human t-cell lymphotropic retroviruses (htlv-i, -ii, -iii).the continuous increase in the number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases for whom no effective therapy is currently possible mandates attempts at developing primary prevention by a vaccine. two basic unknowns are considered important: the identification of virus-exposed, protected individuals; and the isolation of the antigen which contains epitopes which induce a protective response. although almost all individuals exposed to human t-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type iii (htlv-i ...19852410115
prospects for treatment of human retrovirus-associated diseases.overwhelming evidence has been obtained over the past 2 years that human t-cell leukemia virus type iii (htlv-iii) is the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the direct cytopathic effect of the virus on t4 helper cells demonstrated in vitro is probably responsible for the depletion of this critical population of cells in affected individuals which results in a series of devastating immunological abnormalities. it follows that any approaches effective in suppressing the virulent ...19852410116
elevated levels of interferon-induced 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase in generalized persistent lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the levels of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate enzyme synthetase in extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex (arc) were measured and compared with synthetase levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbms) from healthy heterosexual and homosexual controls. the mean basal synthetase level in heterosexual and homosexual controls was 14 +/- 13 and 12 +/- 9 pmol per hr/10(5) pbms, respectively. thirteen indivi ...19852411826
isolation of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii from the tears of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) was isolated from the tears of 1 out of 7 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or the aids-related complex. the tears from 5 healthy individuals did not show htlv-iii. the recovery of htlv-iii from tears suggests that they may harbour free virus or contain virus-positive cells and is consistent with the recovery of htlv-iii from other body fluids. although casual contact with such fluids has not been shown to cause aids, direc ...19852412078
infection of human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i)-bearing mt-4 cells with htlv-iii (aids virus): chronological studies of early events.early events in the infection of the human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i)-positive mt-4 cell line by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) retrovirus htlv-iii were investigated. the virus was adsorbed completely to the cells within 60 min incubation after inoculation of the virus. then, infected mt-4 cells started to produce the htlv-iii-specific antigens between 12 and 24 hr postinfection. synthesis of the viral antigens consisting of 120k, 46k, 24k, and 17k polypeptides was supp ...19852413616
prospects of therapy for infections with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii.human t-lymphotropic virus type iii is susceptible to attack at various sites during its replicative cycle. inhibitors of reverse transcriptase activity, including suramin, antimoniotungstate (hpa-23), and trisodium phosphonoformate, have shown in-vitro activity against the virus in early clinical trials. other significant antiviral agents are recombinant interferon alpha-a, ribavirin, and ansamycin. double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of interferon alpha, which inhibits viral repli ...19852413793
serological evidence for virus related to simian t-lymphotropic retrovirus iii in residents of west africa.serological evidence is presented here suggesting that a virus closely related to simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) infects man in senegal, west africa, a region where aids or aids-related diseases have not yet been observed. 25 sera from senegalese individuals that were positive for antibodies to htlv-iii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were examined for antibodies to htlv-iii and stlv-iii by western blotting. sera from individuals originating from regions where aids has been ...19852867393
opportunistic lymphoproliferations associated with epstein-barr viral dna in infants and children with aids.two types of lymphoproliferative disease associated with epstein-barr viral (ebv) dna--central-nervous-system lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip)--were recognised in children with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). eight of ten lung biopsy specimens from children with lip contained ebv dna. ebv dna was not identified in lung biopsy specimens with pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, ...19852867394
diversity of clinical spectrum of htlv-iii infection.in a prospective follow-up volunteer study lasting 4 to 16 months, 17 of 200 homosexual men living in finland had antibodies to human t-lymphotrophic virus type iii (htlv-iii). 1 man who initially had a low titre of htlv-iii antibodies became seronegative within 6 months without any symptoms developing, and a seronegative man became seropositive. 14 men had high titres of htlv-iii antibodies when they first joined the study and during the study titres rose in all other htlv-iii-positive men exce ...19852857362
postnatal transmission of aids-associated retrovirus from mother to infant.the third child of a previously healthy woman was delivered by caesarean section. because of intraoperative blood loss, a blood transfusion was given after the delivery. the baby was breast-fed for 6 weeks. one unit of blood came from a male in whom the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) developed 13 months later. on recall, the mother proved to have lymphadenopathy, serum antibody to the aids virus, and a reduced t4/t8 ratio. the infant, who failed two thrive and had atopic eczema from 3 ...19852858746
htlv-iii exposure among drug users.the centers for disease control hierarchical classification of those at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) underestimates the number of cases in which illicit drug use may play a role in the exposure to human t-cell leukemia virus type iii. the immunosuppressive effects of nitrite inhalants are not sufficiently documented to elucidate their role as a cofactor in the development of aids. the currently available data on the immunosuppressive effects of self-administered parenteral ...19852861894
female prostitutes: a risk group for infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii.in july, 1984 33 female prostitutes in rwanda and 25 male customers of prostitutes were assessed clinically and for their t-lymphocyte subsets and frequency of antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). 27 healthy males who denied contact with prostitutes, 33 healthy women who were not prostitutes, and 51 rwandese prostitutes seen in 1983 served as controls. only 6 prostitutes were symptom-free (group i), 13 had unexplained generalised lymphadenopathy (lap) (group ii), an ...19852863544
transmission of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) by artificial insemination by donor.four of eight recipients of artificial insemination (ai) with cryopreserved semen from a symptomless carrier of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) were found to have antibody to the virus. one has generalised, persistent lymphadenopathy while the other three remain symptom free 3 years after insemination. three subsequently became pregnant more than a year after contact with the infected semen; the children, who are now over 1 year of age, are in good health and do not have htlv ...19852863597
epidemiological evidence that htlv-iii is the aids agent.human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) is a recently discovered retrovirus with tropism and cytotoxicity for the okt4+ lymphocytes that are depleted in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). in addition to the frequent detection of htlv-iii in patients with aids and related syndromes, seroepidemiological studies have shown that htlv-iii can be transmitted by sexual contact and blood transfusion in a manner identical to the putative aids agent. analyses of stored sera have reveal ...19852945735
risk of nosocomial infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii).infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii) is closely linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we evaluated the risk of nosocomial infection with htlv-iii by testing for antibodies to htlv-iii among hospital employees, including victims of needle-stick exposure, endoscopists, pathologists, and laboratory workers. assays for antibody against the virus were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrophoretic (western blot) techniques. although all ...19852981106
immunoglobulin subclasses of antibodies to human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus i-associated antigens in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and lymphadenopathy syndrome.immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm antibodies to human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-i (htlv-i)-associated membrane antigens (htlv-i-ma) were assayed by indirect cytospin immunofluorescence, and igg and igm antibodies to purified htlv-i were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 119 immunologically well-characterized promiscuous male homosexuals in the netherlands, of whom 9 suffered from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 18 suffered from lymphadenopathy syndrome (las) ...19852981348
small noncleaved b cell burkitt-like lymphoma with chromosome t(8;14) translocation and epstein-barr virus nuclear-associated antigen in a homosexual man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.this case report describes new manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in a promiscuous homosexual man. investigation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the patient lead to discovery of a high-grade, small, noncleaved cell (burkitt-like) gastroduodenal lymphoma with visceral and extralymphatic extension. specific phenotyping of the lymphoma revealed that it was a monoclonal b cell lymphoma of mu kappa isotype. an in vitro cell line was established that was epstein-bar ...19852981469
acquired immune deficiency syndrome in childhood.the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been observed with increasing frequency in children with associated hemophilia, high-risk environmental backgrounds, and blood transfusions. aids should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood immunodeficiency, and it must be distinguished from congenital disorders. we emphasize the importance of epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data in diagnosis and aggressive management of infectious complications. the relationship between huma ...19852982008
the aids epidemic.this article reviews the magnitude of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) exposure, the outcome of such exposure, the economic burden of htlv-iii-related disease, and the social, ethical and public implications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. the elisa serum antibody test for htlv-iii is useful for diagnostic purposes, but does not indicate whether the person currently harbors the virus. additional studies are needed to demonstrate that there are not antib ...19852982097
seroepidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii among homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or generalized lymphadenopathy and among asymptomatic controls in boston.we studied a cohort of 45 homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 78 with persistent unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy, and 160 asymptomatic homosexual controls for serologic evidence of infection with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). study participants were recruited from a community-based health center and a university hospital practice. ninety-eight percent of men with the syndrome and greater than 90% of men with generalized lymphadenopathy had antibo ...19852982305
malignant lymphoma presenting as kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.a homosexual man had kaposi's sarcoma of the skin and lymph nodes. after a brief response to interferon, the patient developed new skin lesions. massive bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract prompted endoscopy, which showed tumor involvement of the stomach, believed to be kaposi's sarcoma. at autopsy, a diffuse lymphoma was found involving the skin and gastrointestinal tract, forming collision tumors in regions that contained kaposi's sarcoma. lymphomatous tissue, but not uninvolved lymph node ...19852982306
screening for aids.tests to detect serum antibody to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that uses whole disrupted htlv-iii virus antigens, are now commercially available in the us. recent surveys of groups at high risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have found that 22-65% of homosexual men, 87% of active intravenous drug users, 56-72% of hemophiliacs, and 35% of women who were sexual partners of men with aids have had postitive elis ...19852984526
persistent infection with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in apparently healthy homosexual men.a group of 14 apparently health homosexual men with serologic evidence of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) infection were studied to determine the duration of their seropositivity, their immunologic status, and the frequency of isolation of htlv-iii/lav from their peripheral blood. the men were selected from a larger sample of patients who attended a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in san francisco because they did not hav ...19852984973
transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. evidence for persistent infection in blood donors.to investigate whether infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) may be persistent in asymptomatic persons and to correlate infection with seropositivity, we performed virologic and serologic studies in 25 of 30 persons who were identified as being at high risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and who had donated blood to patients who later contracted transfusion-associated aids. high-risk donors were those who belonged to a h ...19852985992
seroconversion of human t cell lymphotrophic virus iii (htlv-iii) in patients with haemophilia: a longitudinal study.patients with hemophilia are at a risk for the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids). as part of a surveillance program on aids, a group of patients with hemophilia was studied for clinical and immunological features associated with the syndrome. 30 patients in england who had received factor viii treatment within 5 years were studied. 29 (male) had hemophilia a, and 1 female heterozygote had been treated for postoperative bleeding. 1 man had been tattooed over 10 years previously. no ...19852988690
regional variation in prevalence of antibody against human t-lymphotropic virus types i and iii in kenya, east africa.the prevalence of antibodies against htlv-iii and -i was studied among populations of 6 distinctly different regions of kenya, an equatorial african country in which aids has rarely been observed. overall, 21% of subjects had elisa reactions suggesting the presence of antibody against htlv-iii. the frequency of htlv-iii antibodies was highest among the turkana people (50%) and lowest among the masai (8%). prevalence increased with age but was not related to sex. the pattern of elisa-detected ant ...19852989191
revision of the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for national reporting--united states.the conference of state and territorial epidemiologists (cste) approved the following definitions regarding the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at its annual meeting in june 1985. 1st, the case definition of aids used for national reporting will continue to include only the more severe manifestations of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection. 2nd, centers for disease control (cdc) will develop more inclusive definitions and classifications of htlv ...19852989677
igm and igg antibodies to human t cell lymphotropic retrovirus (htlv-iii) in lymphadenopathy syndrome and subjects at risk for aids in italy.a study was performed to assess the prevalence of specific antibodies to human t cell lymphotropic retrovirus (htlv-iii) in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome, patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and those at risk of aids. serum samples were obtained from these groups and from healthy controls in selected cities in italy, and antibodies to htlv-iii were measured by immunofluorescence assay and, in a few patients, by western blotting. in addition, igm antibody values ...19852990634
epidemiological trends of aids in the united states.the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states has increased rapidly since the first reports in 1981. highest estimated rates are among single (never-married) men in manhattan and san francisco, men and women who have abused drugs intravenously, and persons with hemophilia. serosurveys among populations at increased risk for aids have demonstrated a high prevalence of antibody to human t-cell leukemia virus iii-lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav), the ...19852990692
htlv-iii infection in homosexuals and hemophiliacs in sweden.two hundred and three homosexual (hs) men and 114 hemophiliacs in sweden were examined for serum antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) and for alterations of t-lymphocyte subsets. sera were screened for htlv-iii antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or a dot immunobinding assay, and positive reactions were confirmed by western blotting. htlv-iii antibodies were demonstrated in 13 of 13 (100%) hs men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in 63 of 67 (94 ...19852990693
clinical and immunological findings in htlv-iii infection.clinical, immunological, microbiological, virological, and lifestyle parameters were followed in 200 homosexual men living in finland. the subjects were seen at 3- to 6-month intervals starting in summer 1983. human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii) antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by western blotting were seen in 18 (9%) of the cases. initially two cases had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, three had ...19852990694
aids in haitian-americans: a reassessment.the occurrence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in haitians and haitian-americans has remained an enigmatic aspect of the aids mystery. although haitians are currently classified as a high risk group, this designation has been disputed. the incidence of aids in recent haitian immigrants to the us has been estimated at 84/100,000, which is lower than the 200-240/100,000 figure put forward for other risk groups. to better understand the spread of aids within the haitian population, ...19852990695
unique pattern of htlv-iii (aids-related) antigen recognition by sera from african children in uganda (1972).of 75 sera collected in the west nile district of uganda over a 1-year period between 1972 and 1973, 50 (66%) had antibody reactivity to human t-cell lymphotropic virus subgroup iii (htlv-iii) at low titer levels. sera were initially screened by htlv-iii enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and sera with values less than normal mean + 2 sd were removed from testing. the remaining sera were tested for positivity by an amplified western blotting procedure which incorporated a three-layer immunoperoxi ...19852990697
clinical spectrum of htlv-iii in humans.we have studied the clinical and laboratory manifestations of infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii in various epidemiological cohorts. the spectrum of infection ranges from an asymptomatic but apparently contagious carrier state to severe immunodeficiency with opportunistic infections and neoplasms. study of virus structure-function relationships and host response to viral infection in hosts with different clinical manifestations should provide strategies for therapeutics and ...19852990701
a classification of htlv-iii infection based on 75 cases seen in a suburban community.since 1981, 75 patients have been seen at our hospital with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection. we have classified their clinical presentation into groups 0 to 6. groups 0 to 3 all have antibody to the mr 41,000 protein of htlv-iii. group 0 has no evident disease (9 patients), group 1 has lymphadenopathy with or without exaggerated infection (16 patients), group 2 has persistent lymphadenopathy with chronic hepatitis b surface antigenemia or profound hypergammaglobulin ...19852990703
molecular cloning of cdna encoding gp68 of adult t-cell leukaemia-associated antigen: evidence for expression of the px iv region of human t-cell leukaemia virus.a 2.3 kb cdna was cloned from human t-cell leukaemia virus [htlv(mt-2)] virion rna using a vector system, as plasmid phtlv 707. the restriction endonuclease map of phtlv 707 revealed that the insert contained the 5' half of the env gene and a portion of the px region of htlv, corresponding to the subgenomic rna derived from 32s defective htlv. nucleotide sequence analysis of phtlv 707 indicated that the clone contained an open reading frame for a 60k mol. wt. protein including the upstream and e ...19852991447
update: public health service workshop on human t-lymphotropic virus type iii antibody testing--united states.according to reports presented at a july 1985 us public health service workshop on human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) antibody testing, enzyme immunoassay serologic tests in current use at blood banks, plasma collection centers, health departments, and other clinical settings are both highly sensitive and specific. htlv-iii antibody test data have been accumulated from over 1.1 million units of blood collected at 155 centers, 2831 (0.25%) of which were positive after repeated testin ...19852991728
infection of htlv-iii/lav in htlv-i-carrying cells mt-2 and mt-4 and application in a plaque assay.the human t-cell lines mt-2 and mt-4 carry the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). when mt-2 and mt-4 were infected with htlv-iii, the probable etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), rapid cytopathogenic effects and cytotoxicity were observed that made it possible to titrate the biologically active virus in a plaque-forming assay. the cytopathogenic effects were preceded by the rapid induction and increase of htlv-iii antigens as revealed by immunofluorescenc ...19852992081
htlv-iii/lav antibody status of spouses and household contacts assisting in home infusion of hemophilia patients.thirty-four adult and pediatric hemophilia a and b patients and 50 nonhemophilic members belonging to 28 families were enrolled in august 1984 in a study of human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) antibody status and t cell subpopulation numbers. all 50 household contacts, including three spouses of lav antibody-positive adult hemophiliacs, were immunologically normal and serologically negative with respect to htlv-iii/lav. based on western blot s ...19852992640
htlv-iii aids link.this article reviews current evidence regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) is considered the cause of aids. in addition to the opportunistic infections that comprise aids, htlv-iii infection many manifest in other tumors, in immunologic and blood disorders, and in an asymptomatic carrier state. an estimated 10-20% of individuals with aids-related comples (arc) go on to develop aids. ...19852996353
the epidemiology and prevention of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has continued to increase worldwide. from june 1981 to september 1985, 12 932 cases have been diagnosed and reported in the united states; this number is expected to double during the next year. the incubation period is long and few persons infected with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) have aids diagnosed within 2 to 5 years of infection. the widespread use of htlv-iii/lav serologic ...19852996395
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in gay men.the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is a major health problem for gay men in the united states. about three fourths of all reported cases have occurred in this population, and the number is projected to double in the next year. in manhattan and san francisco, aids is now the leading cause of premature mortality in men aged 25 to 44 years who have never married. in a sample of a cohort of gay men enrolled in a san francisco clinic, 2.7% of the men had the syndrome and 26% had related co ...19852996396
epidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii and the risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the discovery of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) has opened a window to the understanding of the spectrum of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and related clinical syndromes. analysis of risk factors for seropositivity has shown that htlv-iii is transmitted most efficiently via routes that involve close personal contact or parenteral exposure. longitudinal studies have shown that htlv-iii infection has a long latent period. the prev ...19852996397
a human t-lymphotropic retrovirus (htlv-iii) as the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.three human t-lymphotropic viruses have been isolated and characterized in the past 5 years. the ability to culture target cells with t-cell growth factor and sensitive detection systems for the virally encoded polymerase reverse transcriptase permitted isolation of htlv-i, which is strongly linked to the cause of adult t-cell leukemia and associated with other lymphoid malignancies in endemic areas. the same techniques, using a permissive human tumor cell line, allowed the isolation and charact ...19852996399
antigens of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus.antigens encoded by the gag and env genes of the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) include a p55 gag polyprotein that yields p24 as the major virus core protein, and an env gene polyprotein, gp 160, that produces gp 120, the most immunogenic protein in humans, at the amino terminus. although its use is limited to research laboratories due to the cost and specialized procedures involved, the analysis of sera by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium ...19852996402
immunopathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.many abnormalities of humoral and cellular immunity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be explained by the preferential infection of the t4 lymphocyte subset with the etiologic retrovirus. severe alterations in specific t4 functions, such as inadequate immune responsiveness to specific antigen, result in devastating morbidity and mortality. on the basis of accumulated scientific knowledge, we outline the immunopathogenesis of this syndrome.19852996403
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in persons with hemophilia.the widespread use of coagulation factor concentrates prepared from the blood of numerous donors has doubled the life expectancy of persons with hemophilia, but parenteral exposure to alloantigens and infectious agents is not free of risk. the prevalence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) now approaches 1% in patients with hemophilia, and laboratory evidence of abnormal immunoregulation is found in at least 50% of treated patients with severe hemophilia. the immune defect is multif ...19852996407
acute glandular fever-like illness in a patient with htlv-iii antibody.a lymph node biopsy obtained from a patient with human t-cell lymphocytotropic virus iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) antibody, presenting with an acute glandular fever-like illness, was examined by electron microscopy. numerous pathological changes were present in the biopsy, including hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, intracytoplasmic rod-like inclusions within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, test-tube and ring-shaped forms, and tubu ...19852997385
recommendations for assisting in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the majority of cases of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are transmitted perinatally. 165 (76%) of the cases of aids in children under 13 years of age reported as of december 1, 1985, in the us had as the only known risk factor a mother from a high-risk group. however, perinatal transmission from an infected mother to her infant is not automatic; studies have placed the rate of transmission from 0%-65%. a concern in addition to the risk posed to infants born to infected mo ...19852999576
isolation of htlv-iii from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.we conducted virus-isolation studies on 56 specimens from the nervous system of 45 patients in order to determine whether human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the neurologic disorders frequently encountered in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the aids-related complex. we recovered htlv-iii from at least one specimen from 24 of 33 patients with aids-related neurologic syndromes. in one patient, htlv-iii was isolated from ...19852999591
intra-blood-brain-barrier synthesis of htlv-iii-specific igg in patients with neurologic symptoms associated with aids or aids-related complex.intra-blood-brain-barrier production of virus-specific antibody is good evidence of infection within the blood-brain barrier. patients with the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids) have an increased incidence of neurologic abnormalities--i.e., unexplained, diffuse encephalopathy manifested clinically as chronic progressive dementia. to define the role of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of aids, in the pathogenesis of neurologic dysfunction, we compa ...19852999592
the prospects for and pathways toward a vaccine for aids.this article reviews prospects for a vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), considered the only certain barrier to further spread of the disease. the development of an effective vaccine against another retrovirus, feline leukemia virus, suggests the possibility that a retrovirus vaccine for humans might work. however, vaccine production depends on the ability to manufacture large quantities of a safe antigen that stimulates protective immunity when it is injected into humans. ...19852999596
aids: the search for clues.this article discusses current lines of inquiry into the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and describes the role of the world health organization (who) in encouraging cooperation between scientists and countries in the fight against aids. puzzling has been the fact that lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (lav/htlv-iii) behaves unpredictably in infected persons, and over 2/3 of those infected and followed for at least 5 years have developed no clinical ...19853012884
the pathology of aids.with an estimated 17,000 cases world wide, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is pandemic. in addition, for every known case of aids, between 50 and 100 people are infected with the aids virus (htlv-iii). although aids remains incurable, more and more is being learned about the nature of the virus and the pathogenesis of the disease. there is considerable genetic variation between different isolates of the virus, although a single antibody can be used to detect the virus in all eu ...19853000502
antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii in promiscuous healthy homosexual men. relation to immunological and clinical findings.antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii ab) were present in twenty-one out of sixty-four asymptomatic promiscuous homosexual men from copenhagen. the presence of htlv-iii ab was associated with lymphadenopathy (p less than 0.0005), cytomegalovirus isolation (p less than 0.01), low skin test reactivity (p less than 0.01) and episodes of fever within the 2 month period prior to investigation (p less than 0.05). no significant differences occurred in the total number of t-c ...19853000792
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).this article discusses clinical, immunologic, and etiologic considerations in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the relationship of aids to other immunodeficiency diseases. the outstanding clinical feature of aids is the occurrence of opportunistic infections in individuals with no prior known cause of immunodeficiency. such infections have included pneumocystis carinii, oral thrush from candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, atypical mycobacteria, cryptosporidium, and herpes simpl ...19853155526
immunosuppression in homosexual men seronegative for htlv-iii.clinical, microbiological, and lifestyle patterns in homosexual men showing in vitro immunological abnormalities were studied and related to the susceptibility to human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection. in a cohort of male homosexual volunteers in finland, 90% were htlv-iii antibody negative. ten % of the htlv-iii negative cases showed decreased t-helper/suppressor cell ratios, mostly due to elevated numbers of t-suppressor cells. in this immunosuppressed group, more signs of d ...19853160458
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in haiti.two hundred twenty-nine patients in haiti with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were studied between 1979 and 1984. the clinical spectrum of the syndrome in haitians was similar in most aspects to that in patients with the disease in the united states. however, in contrast to findings in the united states, accepted risk factors (bisexuality, blood transfusions, intravenous drug abuse) were identified in only 43% of haitian patients. patients in haiti with and without these risk factors wer ...19854051348
prevalence of antibodies to htlv-iii in aids risk groups in west germany.the prevalence of antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus iii was determined in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) risk groups by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and confirmatory tests in four different areas in west germany. twenty-four of 28 homosexual aids patients (86%), 24 of 33 homosexual patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome or aids related complex (73%), and 44 of 113 asymptomatic homosexuals at risk for aids (39%) were seropositive. in three groups of hemophiliacs, 8 of 35 ...19853860292
prevalence of htlv-iii/lav antibody in selected populations in thailand.antibody to the human t-lymphotropic virus, type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) by elisa test was detected in one (1%) of 101 male homosexual prostitutes (confidence limit 95%:0.03-5.4%, in two (2%) of 100 thalassemia patients, and in none (c.l. 95%:0-3.6%) of 100 female prostitutes, 99 parenteral drug abusers, 100 male vd patients, 100 consecutive blood donors in serum collected from february through june 1985. serum from the positive homosexual subject was strongly positiv ...19853869739
longitudinal study of htlv-iii-infected chimpanzees by lymphocyte subpopulation analysis.following inoculation with plasma from human patients with aids, two chimpanzees demonstrated specific antihuman t-cell leukemia virus type 3 (htlv-iii) antibodies. one of the two chimpanzees also developed massive lymphadenopathy that persisted for 32 weeks and demonstrated a concurrent and more frequent depression of total t cells (t3) and t helper cells (t4) with a decrease in the ratios of t4 to t suppressor cells (t8). these results indicate that chimpanzees demonstrate a range of t-cell su ...19853878410
aids and oncogenesis.this paper reviews current theories on the etiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), recent advances in the mechanisms of oncogenesis, and the relationship of immunodeficiency to the development of cancer. it then attempts to synthesize these concepts into a hypothesis to explain the aids-cancer connection. 2 major theories have been advanced to explain the etiology of aids. the 1st postulates a viral infection of t helper lymphocytes leading to cell destruction and secondary imm ...19853884453
update: prospective evaluation of health-care workers exposed via the parenteral or mucous-membrane route to blood or body fluids from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--united states.as of december 31, 1984, 361 health care workers with documented parenteral or mucous membrane exposure to potentially infectious body fluids from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had been enrolled in a centers for disease control-initiated surveillance. each enrolled health care worker is followed for 3 years, with semi-annual interview, physical examination, and blood specimen collection. 143 (40%) of these workers have now been enrolled for 12 months or longer, and no ...19853918247
blood donors at high risk of transmitting the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) occurs most commonly in homosexual men. this group carries the greatest risk of transmitting aids by blood transfusion. both promiscuous and nonpromiscuous male homosexuals should refrain from giving blood. a leaflet stating this advice was prepared by the department of health and social security, united kingdom. in july 1984 a questionnaire was given to all donors attending a blood donor clinic in the west end of london, england. 53% were male ...19853918739
pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.to data there have been 130 cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in britain. aids is though to be caused by the retrovirus human t cell lymphotropic virus iii/lymphadenopathy associated virus (htlv-iii/lav). the presenting feature of aids may be and acute pneumonic illness with cough, breathlessness, and fever. nearly always, however, there is a preceding history of several months' ill health characterized by loss of weight, intermittent of prolonged fever, and malaise. th ...19853922466
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: meeting of the who collaborating centres on aids.this report summarizes positions developed at a september 1985 meeting of collaborating centers on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). among these positions were the following: 1) the only practical methods currently available for routine, large-scale aids testing involve screening for antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (lav/htlv-iii); 2) all sera reactive for lav/htlv-iii antibodies should be confirmed by immunoprecipitation or immunoblot; ...19853932833
the first human retroviruses: are there others?three related, but very different, retroviruses have recently been identified in man. human t-cell leukaemia virus (htlv) type i apparently causes adult t-cell leukaemia. htlv type ii has been isolated only rarely and has not been identified with a disease. htlv type iii is very likely the causative agent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.19853940003
aids epidemic sparks campaign to encourage condom use.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is fueling a campaign that encourages use of the condom to combat the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. condom use is being advocated even when one partner is practicing another form of contraception. the threat of aids has spread beyond the original risk groups -- homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, and transfusion recipients -- to include heterosexual men and women. researchers from the centers for disease control said a ...198512280299
aids: just the facts from specialists at johns hopkins.this article, based on information from specialists at johns hopkins, poses and then answers 3 broad questions about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). 1st, it is asked, "what is aids and how serious is it?" it is noted that aids is only 1 of several forms taken by infection with the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav). the earliest form of infection is believed to occur within a few weeks of exposure to the virus, and some patients ...198512314201
transmission of human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-i) by blood transfusion: demonstration of proviral dna in recipients' blood lymphocytes.human t-cell clones bearing antigens encoded by human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (htlv-i) were isolated from 6 patients who produced antibodies against htlv-i after having received anti-htlv-i-positive blood units containing cell components. on the other hand, it was not possible to isolate clonal cells carrying viral antigens from the recipients who did not produce antibodies. the clonal cell lines had the same surface markers as neoplastic cells of adult t-cell leukemia and had the hla phe ...19863005178
serological characterization of htlv-iii infection in aids and related disorders.current efforts to test blood donors and other persons for exposure to the human t cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), are based on the measurement of serum antibodies to viral antigens. we studied presence of serum antibodies to htlv-iii-related antigens from 767 individuals with aids or aids-related complex (arc) or asymptomatic persons at risk for aids by using elisa and immunoblot techniques. of the 280 specimens ...19863005434
htlv iii antibodies and immunological alterations in hemophilia patients.the clinical, immunological, and serological status of 28 patients with hemophilia a and of 13 patients with hemophilia b was investigated. thirty-four patients were treated regularly by clotting factor concentrates and 7 patients had been substituted only 1 to 4 times. almost all patients with severe hemophilia suffered from hepatopathy. no patient had clinical evidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). asymptomatic hemophiliacs showed a decreased number of t-helper (okt 4) cell ...19863005759
the aids epidemic: multidisciplinary trouble.the author presents an overview of the diversity of issues involved in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. the 1st round of aids cases has severely strained both human and societal resources in the us. to appreciate the economics of the problem, its is useful to think of evey case of aids as costing the same as a heart transplant. the anticipated doubling in numbers of patients diagnosed in the next year will have far more than twice the impact of the 1st wave on the healt ...19863005860
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