Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [genetic determination and the spectrum of the hemolytic activity of vibrio cholerae: their significance in the complex of biovar-specific traits]. | a collection of 363 v. cholerae strains isolated from different sources were studied by the spectrum of their hemolytic activity in combination with biovar-associated properties. the strains were analyzed for the presence of the cholera toxin (ct) gene (vct) and the hemolysin gene (hly) with the use of the ct probe and a previously cloned 6.56 kb fragment of v. eltor dna coding the synthesis of hemolysin. the study revealed that all v. cholerae strains had the hly gene irrespective of the spectr ... | 1994 | 8017123 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal from the aquatic environment in bangladesh: implications for disease transmission. | currently, bangladesh is experiencing an epidemic of acute watery diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae o139. surface waters were collected and cultured for vibrious following enrichment. twelve percent (11 of 92) of samples yielded v. cholerae o139, and all of them were positive for cholera toxin. the data suggest that v. cholerae o139 is easily culturable from surface water samples. | 1994 | 8017948 |
| [the in vitro action of plants on vibrio cholerae]. | natural products of several plants, according to the geographic location, are used by peruvian people in the popular treatment of diarrhea, with good success. when cholerae cases appeared in peru, we were interested to know the "in vitro" effect against vibrio cholerae 01, of these useful plants to treat diarrhea. the following plants were tested: cichorium intybus, althaea officinalis, psorela glandulosa, geranium maculatum, punica granatum, malus sativa, cydonia oblonga, chenopodium ambrosoide ... | 1994 | 8018898 |
| reca mutations reduce adherence and colonization by classical and el tor strains of vibrio cholerae. | two reca mutants of vibrio cholerae (classical and el tor biotypes) were constructed by disruption of the wild-type reca gene with mutated reca sequences of v. cholerae cloned in the suicide vector pgp704. mutants defective in the reca gene were compared with their respective reca+ parent strains with regard to their adherence to isolated rabbit intestine and colonization of intestine of infant mice. the reca mutation in v. cholerae was found to diminish adherence and markedly affected colonizat ... | 1994 | 8025688 |
| detection of the vibrio cholerae heat-stable enterotoxin gene by polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for detection of the vibrio cholerae heat-stable enterotoxin gene (sto). the assay is based on two oligonucleotide primers suitable for amplification of the entire sto open reading frame. reaction conditions were defined to obtain optimal results in terms of specificity and sensitivity. under these conditions the assay was highly sensitive and enabled good results to be obtained using, as a template, crude dna preparations from single bacterial col ... | 1994 | 8028606 |
| [gastroenteritis with benign diarrhea caused by non-0:1 vibrio cholerae]. | 1994 | 8031897 | |
| emergence of a new cholera pandemic: molecular analysis of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae o139 and development of a live vaccine prototype. | in october 1992, a non-o1 strain of vibrio cholerae emerged as a cause of epidemic cholera in india and bangladesh. this antigenically novel clone has been designated serogroup o139 synonym bengal. since its emergence, v. cholerae o139 has caused a massive cholera epidemic throughout and beyond the indian subcontinent. molecular analysis of virulence determinants in clinical isolates suggests that o139 strains are highly related to el tor o1 strains. unlike other non-o1 strains, o139 strains car ... | 1994 | 8035010 |
| the occurrence of non-01 vibrio cholerae in non-potable water samples in barbados. | fourteen freshwater or brackish-water samples taken from different sites were examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae. standard enrichment techniques, using pre-incubation in alkaline peptone water and plating on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (tcbs) followed by biochemical, physiological and morphological characterization of the isolates, revealed the presence of vibrio cholerae at nine of the sites examined. serotyping for type 01 only was performed. all the strains isolated were n ... | 1994 | 8036819 |
| [detection of convalescent vibrio cholerae carriers using the enterotest]. | although the existence of chronic carriers of vibrio cholerae has been posited, the information in this regard is limited and contradictory. in order to determine the usefulness of the encapsulated string test (enterotest) for detecting v. cholerae in duodenal secretions of biliary origin (biliduodenal secretions), 59 patients (30 males and 29 females) over the age of 15 with clinically and bacteriologically diagnosed cholera were evaluated. all the patients, who were treated at the maría auxili ... | 1994 | 8037848 |
| regioselective transglycosylation in the synthesis of oligosaccharides: comparison of beta-galactosidases and sialidases of various origins. | n-acetyl-lactosamine(beta-d-gal p-(1-->4)-d-glc pnac) was synthesized regioselectively with the aid of the transglycosylation activity of beta-galactosidase isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside as the donor. also, transglycosylation of the sialyl group in an alpha-(2-->8)-linked sialic acid dimer or p-nitrophenyl glycoside of sialic acid to n-acetyl-lactosamine was performed using sialidases of various origins. when sialidase from clostridium perfring ... | 1994 | 8039189 |
| adherence to human small intestines of capsulated vibrio cholerae o139. | capsulated cells of v. cholerae o139 adhered to formalin-fixed or native mucosa of the small intestines from an adult and a child. the primary adherence target was mucus. capsulated o139 cells adhered better to the antigen sampling cells (m cells) of ileal peyer's patch than to the absorptive cells. o139 cells on the mucosa appeared as small aggregates. similar organisms were found on the mucosa of duodenal biopsy samples from patients infected with v. cholerae o139. the findings indicated that ... | 1994 | 8039663 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant vibrio cholerae strains producing inactive cholera toxin analogs. | the catalytic a subunit of cholera toxin (ct-a) is capable of adp-ribosylating the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, which regulates cell adenylyl cyclase, leading to the life-threatening diarrhea of cholera. amino acids involved in the enzymatic activity of ct-a have previously been identified. by means of site-directed mutagenesis, an analog of the ct-a subunit gene was created with codon substitutions for both arg-7 and glu-112, each of which has been shown to produce subunits lacking adp-r ... | 1994 | 8039872 |
| the vibrio cholerae acfb colonization determinant encodes an inner membrane protein that is related to a family of signal-transducing proteins. | vibrio cholerae accessory colonization factor genes (acfa, b, c, and d) are required for efficient intestinal colonization. expression of acf genes is under the control of a regulatory cascade that also directs the synthesis of cholera toxin and proteins involved in the biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus. the gene for acfb was cloned by using an acfb::tnphoa fusion junction to probe a v. cholerae o395 bacteriophage lambda library. dna sequence analysis revealed that acfb is predicted to e ... | 1994 | 8039900 |
| effect of rehydrating fluid 'electral' on vibrio cholerae cells. | v. cholerae ogawa 154 cells underwent rapid loss of colony forming capacity during the first few minutes' incubation in the electral medium at 37 degrees c, the turbidity of the suspension however increasing with time of incubation and leading to a plateau from 5 min onward. the vibrio suspension in the electral medium released small amounts of 280 nm and much higher amounts of 260 nm absorbing materials. on withdrawal of the electral medium, the cells underwent significant liquid holding recove ... | 1994 | 8045604 |
| a gene for the enterotoxin zonula occludens toxin is present in vibrio mimicus and vibrio cholerae o139. | the presence of the zonula occludens toxin (zot) gene, which encodes an enterotoxin produced by serotype o1 strains of the pathogenic bacterium, vibrio cholerae, in addition to cholera toxin, was investigated in selected strains of v. mimicus and the new pandemic v. cholerae non-o1 serotype o139. the zot gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification, using sets of primers based on the sequence of the v. cholerae o1 zot sequence. pcr amplification of genomic dnas of both chol ... | 1994 | 8050719 |
| vibrio cholerae fur mutations associated with loss of repressor activity: implications for the structural-functional relationships of fur. | we used the vibrio cholerae fur protein as a model of iron-sensitive repressor proteins in gram-negative bacteria. utilizing manganese mutagenesis, we isolated twelve independent mutations in v. cholerae fur that resulted in partial or complete loss of fur repressor function. the mutant fur genes were recovered by pcr and sequenced; 11 of the 12 contained point mutations (two of which were identical), and one contained a 7-bp insertion that resulted in premature truncation of fur. all of the mut ... | 1994 | 8051024 |
| direct detection of vibrio cholerae in stool samples. | a direct method to detect vibrio cholerae in stool samples was developed by using a pcr procedure that did not require a dna purification step. dilution (1/100) of stool samples prevented inhibition of the reaction by contaminants, and two consecutive pcrs, the second one with a nested primer, achieved the desired sensitivity. comparison of the results obtained from stool swab samples processed by the two-step pcr and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using gm1 as the capture molecule show ... | 1994 | 8051251 |
| [survival of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal in water from a river]. | survival of five strains of vibrio cholerae, including serotypes o139 synonym bengal, o1 el tor, and non-o1 were compared in water from a river. these bacteria were mixed with water from a river and the water filtered through 0.45 micron millipore filters, respectively, to yield a concentration of 10(6) cfu/ml and incubated at 5 degrees c and 20 degrees c for 21 days. the survival curve of v. cholerae o139 was almost the same with v. cholerae o1 and non-o1. the number of these bacilli decreased ... | 1994 | 8051441 |
| colonization of professional divers by toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae non-o1 at dive sites in the united states, ukraine and russia. | vibrio cholerae, recognized as the causative agent of epidemic cholera, was isolated from healthy professional divers and from water samples collected at dive sites in the united states, ukraine and russia. swabs of nose, ear and throat of divers and their tank regulators, i.e. the divers and their diving gear, were taken before and after routine dives. blood samples were collected before and 30-60 days after each dive to measure igg and iga titers against the whole cell antigen of v. cholerae o ... | 1994 | 8056286 |
| cholera dfa: an improved direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining kit for rapid detection and enumeration of vibrio cholerae o1. | an improved fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining kit, cholera dfa, for direct detection and enumeration of vibrio cholerae o1 has been developed, employing a highly specific anti-a antigen monoclonal antibody, colta, labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc). an optimized quantity of anti-photobleaching agent is used in a glycerol mounting medium to retard the rapid fading of immunofluorescent stained cells during fluorescent microscopy, thus enabling prolonged inspection of individual ... | 1994 | 8056287 |
| isolation of a vibrio cholerae transposon-mutant with an altered viable but nonculturable response. | we have isolated more than 2500 mutants of vibrio cholerae by using transposon mutagenesis. mutants were screened under low nutrient conditions in artificial seawater for an altered viable but nonculturable response, compared to the wild-type. mutant jr09h1 entered the viable but nonculturable state more rapidly than the wild-type at both 25 degrees c and 4 degrees c. | 1994 | 8056295 |
| animal models for immunoglobulin a secretion. | 1994 | 8057892 | |
| regulation of cholera toxin by temperature, ph, and osmolarity. | 1994 | 8057923 | |
| gene sequence of reca+ and construction of reca mutants of vibrio cholerae. | the reca+ gene of vibrio cholerae o1 has been cloned, its nucleotide sequence determined and the product characterized. a deletion mutation was constructed in the reca gene and mutants showed the typical sensitivity to uv and to dna-damaging agents, as well as an inability to mediate homologous dna recombination. the chromosomal reca deletion mutants in v. cholerae do not show altered virulence in the infant mouse cholera model and are thus ideal strains for use in complementation studies. | 1994 | 8058040 |
| emergence of a new epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae in bangladesh. an epidemiological study. | for decades, epidemic cholera in bangladesh has produced contrasting pictures of appearance and disappearance of vibrio cholerae, which until recently, remained confined to the biotypes and to serotypes of v. cholerae o1. the classical biotype continued to survive and coexisted with el tor biotype in southern bangladesh despite its disappearance from the rest of the world during the present pandemic. for the first time in history, during the cholera epidemic in 1993, both biotypes (classical and ... | 1994 | 7941003 |
| [the epidemic situation re: cholera in the world: a morbidity analysis and trends]. | the analysis of cholera morbidity throughout the world over the period of 1988-1992 indicates the existence of a tendency towards an increase in morbidity due to epidemic outbreaks in the countries of south and central america and in africa. using the data of literature, attempts have been made to elicit the causes of the sudden appearance and spread of cholera in south america. the increase of cholera morbidity in africa is associated with the activization of cholera in endemic foci and intensi ... | 1994 | 7941865 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 in calcutta. | vibrio cholerae o139 was recovered from 28 of 79 children with acute watery diarrhoea. clinically, they presented with watery diarrhoea (100%), vomiting (79%), abdominal cramps (61%), anorexia (61%), dehydration (100%), and absence of fever. both clinical and blood biochemical parameters of these cases were similar to the illness caused by the new strain in adults. hypoglycaemia was seen in 40% of those screened. | 1994 | 7944542 |
| systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as a non-o:1 vibrio cholerae abscess. | the usual presentations and manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) are well known. we describe a patient with sle that was discovered in the course of evaluation of an abscess, found to be associated with non-o:1 vibrio cholerae. | 1994 | 7945482 |
| cholera in metropolitan manila: foodborne transmission via street vendors. | reported are the results of an unmatched case-control study to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of cholera in manila. cases were patients admitted to the san lazaro hospital between july and september 1989 and whose stools yielded vibrio cholerae o1 on culture. controls were patients admitted to the same hospital and who had no history of diarrhoea or of having taken antibiotics during the 3 days prior to admission. of the 158 cases and 158 controls who had bought food from ... | 1994 | 7955024 |
| environmental control of expression of virulence in vibrio cholerae. | 1994 | 7958252 | |
| genetic characterization of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha)-negative mutants of vibrio cholerae derived by tn5 mutagenesis. | el tor biotype vibrio cholerae strains express a cell-associated mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) which is a putative attachment factor. several msha-negative mutants from v. cholerae strain jbk70 were previously generated by tn5 mutagenesis [finn et al., infect. immun. 55 (1987) 942-946]. the chromosomal dna regions containing the tn5 insertions were isolated from eight strains for further analysis. nucleotide sequencing of the insertional junctions and corresponding clones containing the ... | 1994 | 7959047 |
| changing bacteriological profile of cholera in nagpur, 1991-93. | in nagpur (maharashtra) during the period 1991-93, vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 predominated in 1991 (94.7%) and 1992 (86.4%) but significantly declined in 1993 (10.7%). serogroups 02-0138 were infrequently encountered. a new strain v. cholerae serogroup 0139 emerged in 1993 and accounted for 89.3 per cent of the total vibrios isolated in the year. replacement of the endemic 01 strain by the new 0139 strain was observed. | 1994 | 7959972 |
| endemicity of cholera among rural areas of loni, ahmednagar district of maharashtra. | a total of 130 vibrio cholerae strains isolated during november 1989 to december 1992 from the rural population of loni areas--ahmednagar district of maharashtra were characterised. of these isolates, 124 were el tor vibrios serotype ogawa, and 6 were el tor vibrios serotype inaba. one hundred twenty two strains belonging to t4 phage, while 8 strains of el tor vibrio serotype ogawa were untypable. all the strains isolated, showing haemolytic and non-haemolytic colony variants of el tor v. choler ... | 1994 | 7959973 |
| heat shock response and heat shock protein antigens of vibrio cholerae. | sixteen heat shock proteins (hsps) have been identified in the hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae which are synthesized in response to small and large elevations of temperature. the induction of the hsps is necessary for the cells to survive the deleterious effects of heat. there is no difference in the pattern of induction of the hsps in v. cholerae strains varying in levels of toxinogenicity. one of the major low-molecular-mass hsps, a 16-kda protein, is preferentially degraded fo ... | 1994 | 7960144 |
| a plasmid-encoded prepilin peptidase gene from enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, a leading agent of infantile diarrhea worldwide, adheres to tissue culture cells in a pattern called "localized adherence." localized adherence is associated with bundle-forming pili encoded by the plasmid bfpa gene, the product of which is homologous with the major structural subunit proteins of type iv fimbriae in other bacteria. several of these proteins have been shown to be processed from a precursor by a specific prepilin peptidase. we cloned restriction ... | 1994 | 7961448 |
| travellers' diarrhoea caused by vibrio cholerae o139. | 1994 | 7963345 | |
| the aquatic flora and fauna as reservoirs of vibrio cholerae: a review. | 1994 | 7963350 | |
| vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from india, bangladesh and thailand are clonal as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | 1994 | 7963625 | |
| protective efficacy of oral whole-cell/recombinant-b-subunit cholera vaccine in peruvian military recruits. | the cholera epidemic in south america has reinforced the need for safe and effective oral vaccines. in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial among 1563 peruvian military recruits we have investigated the protective efficacy of an oral inactivated whole-cell/recombinant-b-subunit (wc/rbs) cholera vaccine. participants were given two oral doses of cholera vaccine or escherichia coli k12 placebo, with an interval of 7-14 days. 1426 (91%) subjects received the two prescribed ... | 1994 | 7967990 |
| biological activities of lipopolysaccharide isolated from vibrio cholerae o139, a new epidemic strain for recent cholera in indian subcontinent. | biological activities of lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from vibrio cholerae o139, a new causative agent for recent cholera epidemic in indian subcontinent, were investigated in comparison with those of lps from o1 v. cholerae. v. cholerae o139 lps exerted mitogenic activity, lethal toxicity and shwartzman reaction to the same extent as those observed for o1 v. cholerae lps, although these activities except for lethal toxicity were obviously lower than those of salmonella typhimurium lt-2 lps ... | 1994 | 7968678 |
| [non-o1-vibrio cholerae in surface water of the netherlands]. | 1994 | 7969588 | |
| the vibrio cholerae o139 serogroup antigen includes an o-antigen capsule and lipopolysaccharide virulence determinants. | vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 emerged on the indian subcontinent in october 1992 to become the first non-o1 v. cholerae serogroup documented to cause epidemic cholera. although related to v. cholerae el tor o1 strains, o139 strains have unique surface structures that include a capsular surface layer and lipopolysaccharide (lps). immunoblot analysis of either whole-cell lysates or lps preparations revealed three electrophoretic forms of the o139 antigen: two slowly migrating forms and one rapidl ... | 1994 | 7972070 |
| the effect of iron on the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in dechlorinated tap water. | many factors, such as temperature, ph, organic nutrients, types of water storage containers, etc., determine the survival of vibrio cholerae in water. since the survival of v. cholerae o1 has been shown to be much longer in metal drums used as household water storage containers than in clay pots and plastic drums, the present study was designed to explore the possible role played by insoluble iron on the survival of v. cholerae o1 in water. the possibility of iron acting as particulate matter fo ... | 1994 | 7974665 |
| detection of non-culturable vibrio cholerae o1 associated with a cyanobacterium from an aquatic environment in bangladesh. | 1994 | 7974666 | |
| identification of a 40- to 42-kda attachment polypeptide for canine parvovirus in a72 cells. | the attachment of canine parvovirus (cpv) to different cell lines was quantitated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter assay. the viral attachment was observed to both permissive a72 and nonpermissive st cells but not to nonpermissive mdbk cells. the binding of and infectivity for cpv to a72 cells was reduced upon prior treatment of cells with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase or lectins, specific for sialic acid. similarly, treatment of cells with any of several proteases reduced virus binding; ... | 1994 | 7975239 |
| kinetics of the vibriocidal antibody response to live oral cholera vaccines. | the best correlate of protection against cholera is the level of serum vibriocidal antibodies, which are primarily directed against the o antigen of vibrio cholerae o1 and lyse v. cholerae in the presence of complement. we established the timing of peak vibriocidal antibody response using sera from safety/immunogenicity studies of live oral cholera vaccines cvd 103-hgr, cvd 103-hgr2 and cvd 110 among immunologically naive north americans and colombians. the serum reciprocal vibriocidal antibody ... | 1994 | 7975839 |
| epidemic isolates of vibrio cholerae 0139 express antigenically distinct types of colonization pili. | vibrio cholerae belonging to the recently described serogroup 0139, which are responsible for the current cholera epidemics in india and bangladesh, were shown to express pilus-like structures partially cross-reacting with the toxin-coregulated pilus of v. cholerae strain (0395) belonging to the 01 serogroup and classical biotype. the 0139 pili were composed of 20 kda subunit proteins which were antigenically related to the 20 kda pilus protein of another diarrhoeagenic non-01 v. cholerae strain ... | 1994 | 7912681 |
| reappearance of vibrio cholerae o1 and concurrent prevalence of o1 and o139 in vellore, south india. | 1994 | 7914280 | |
| vibrio cholerae o139 susceptible to vibriostatic agent 0/129 and co-trimoxazole. | 1994 | 7914323 | |
| longus: a long pilus ultrastructure produced by human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) causes an acute cholera-like diarrhoea in both humans and animals. we describe a new pilus termed longus produced by etec, which can extend for over 20 microns from the cell surface. longus is composed of a repeating subunit of 22 kda and its nh2-terminal amino acid sequence revealed homology with the toxin-coregulated pilus of vibrio cholerae, the bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic e. coli and type iv pilins of some gram-negative bacterial pathogens ... | 1994 | 7914665 |
| neuronal involvement in the intestinal effects of clostridium difficile toxin a and vibrio cholerae enterotoxin in rat ileum. | activation of intestinal mast cells and neurons is involved in intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. this study compared the effects of neuronal inhibitors and inhibition of intestinal sensory afferent nerves on the intestinal actions of clostridium difficile toxin a, an inflammatory enterotoxin, and cholera toxin, a noninflammatory enterotoxin. | 1994 | 7915699 |
| pili of a vibrio cholerae o139. | the pili of a strain of vibrio cholerae o139 were purified and characterized. they were morphologically, electrophoretically and immunologically indistinguishable from the pili with 16 kda subunit protein of v. cholerae o1. all 22 strains of v. cholerae o139 examined possessed the pili. the pili were different in hemagglutination inhibition pattern from v. cholerae o1 16k pili. | 1994 | 7915816 |
| biotype-specific tcpa genes in vibrio cholerae. | the tcpa gene, encoding the structural subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus, has been isolated from a variety of clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae, and the nucleotide sequence determined. strict biotype-specific conservation within both the coding and putative regulatory regions was observed, with important differences between the el tor and classical biotypes. v. cholerae o139 bengal strains appear to have el tor-type tcpa genes. environmental o1 and non-o1 isolates have sequences that bin ... | 1994 | 7915998 |
| the toxin-co-regulated pilus of vibrio cholerae o1: a model for type 4 pilus biogenesis? | the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcp), an important colonization factor of vibrio cholerae, is similar to the type 4 pilus produced by a variety of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. the putative translocation and assembly machinery of tcp has broad similarities with known pilin and nonpilin export mechanisms. | 1994 | 7916248 |
| cholera in 1993. part i. | in 1993, the seventh pandemic of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, which began in indonesia in 1961 and reached south and central america in 1991, continued in all regions of the world (map 1): a total of 376,845 cases and 6,781 deaths were reported from 78 countries, with a global case-fatality ratio (cfr) of 1.8%. this represents an 18% reduction in the number of reported cases and a 16% reduction in the number of reported deaths compared with 1992. the number of countries reporting cholera i ... | 1994 | 7917880 |
| cholera in 1993. part ii. | 1994 | 7917881 | |
| crystal structure of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase reveals dual lectin-like domains in addition to the catalytic domain. | vibrio cholerae neuraminidase is part of a mucinase complex which may function in pathogenesis by degrading the mucin layer of the gastrointestinal tract. the neuraminidase, which has been the target of extensive inhibitor studies, plays a subtle role in the pathology of the bacterium, by processing higher order gangliosides to gm1, the receptor for cholera toxin. | 1994 | 7922030 |
| validity of new phage typing scheme against vibrio cholerae 01 biotype eltor strains. | a total of 538 strains of v. cholerae 01 biotype eltor were phage typed by the conventional basu and mukerjee and also the new typing scheme developed at the national institute of cholera and enteric diseases, calcutta. the strains could be clustered into seven types by the new scheme as against only two by the conventional method. the results provide conclusive evidence on the validity of the new scheme for phage typing of v. cholerae strains. | 1994 | 7927567 |
| importance of adp-ribosylation in the morphological changes of pc12 cells induced by cholera toxin. | cholera toxin (ctx) is composed of two subunits, subunit a, which possesses adp-ribosyltransferase activity, and subunit b, which is responsible for receptor binding. it has previously been shown that agents that increase cyclic amp (camp) levels in cells induce differentiation of pc12 cells into neurite-like cells. in this report, we show that as little as 100 pg of ctx per ml induces such changes. ctx was found to adp-ribosylate at least four membrane proteins of pc12 cells in vitro and in viv ... | 1994 | 7927673 |
| the maltose regulon of vibrio cholerae affects production and secretion of virulence factors. | the effects of maltose on production and secretion of virulence factors of vibrio cholerae in strain x28214, classical biotype, and in maltose-defective transposon mutants constructed from this strain were characterized. maltose was found to inhibit secretion of cholera toxin and to reduce production of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and the soluble hemagglutinin-protease. in contrast, the amount of toxin-coregulated pilus was increased in the presence of maltose. the maltose effect was app ... | 1994 | 7927755 |
| preparation, characterization, and immunological properties in mice of escherichia coli o157 o-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. | escherichia coli o157 causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, with their highest incidence occurring in children. we postulated that serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (lps) may confer protective immunity to enteric pathogens by inducing bactericidal reactions against the ingested organisms in the jejunum (j. b. robbins, c. chu, and r. schneerson, clin. infect. dis. 15:346-361, 1992; s. ... | 1994 | 7927787 |
| vibrio cholerae iron transport systems: roles of heme and siderophore iron transport in virulence and identification of a gene associated with multiple iron transport systems. | vibrio cholerae iron transport mutants were tested for their ability to cause disease in an infant mouse model. the mice were challenged with either the wild-type strain, a vibriobactin synthesis mutant, a heme utilization mutant, or double mutants containing both the vibriobactin synthesis defect and the heme utilization defect. when mice were challenged with 10(7) bacteria, the ability of the double mutant to survive in the intestines was greatly reduced and that of the heme utilization mutant ... | 1994 | 7927795 |
| [cholera in the world. the cholera epidemic of 1991 in peru]. | the objective of this article was to review the epidemic of cholera disease that affected peru in 1991, its epidemiologic impact and the natural regions most affected. also it is reviewed the state of this epidemic two years after. a description of the incidence of natural regions, the main mechanisms of transmission and the control strategy that public health authorities hold on. this review concludes that professionals and public health authorities should be prepared to control this disease, t ... | 1994 | 7928097 |
| molecular evolution of the seventh-pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae and its relationship to other pandemic and epidemic v. cholerae isolates. | genetic variation and molecular evolution within the seventh-pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae o1 and its relationship to other v. cholerae isolates were examined by studying 58 clinical isolates that were epidemiologically unassociated and isolated from patients in different countries over 62 years (1931 to 1993). the sample consisted of 45 isolates from the seventh cholera pandemic (1961 to the present), 3 from the sixth pandemic, 3 from sporadic el tor outbreaks prior to the seventh pandemic, ... | 1994 | 7928989 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was performed on 180 isolates of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 representing 6 different multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) types and 27 rrna restriction fragment length polymorphism types (ribotypes). isolates were digested with the restriction enzyme noti and were separated into 63 patterns on the basis of differences in band arrangements. in general, strains which were different by mee or ribotyping also had different pgfe patterns. pfge identified i ... | 1994 | 7929758 |
| evidence that the n-terminal amino acid sequence of pilus colonization factor antigen iii produced by human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli is similar to that of tcpa pilin of vibrio cholerae. | 1994 | 7930709 | |
| structure and antimicrobial activity of diterpenes from the roots of plectranthus hereroensis. | two abietane-type diterpenoids have been isolated from the roots of plectranthus hereroensis (labiatae), one being the already known horminone [1] and the other a new substance, 7 alpha,12-dihydroxy-17(15-->16)-abeo-abieta-8,12,16-triene-11 ,14-dione [2], whose structure was established by spectroscopic means. compounds 1 and 2 showed antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, candida albicans, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1994 | 7931371 |
| vibrio cholerae 0139 'bengal' in singapore. | vibrio cholerae 0139 was isolated from five patients with cholera-like illness. all were imported cases. laboratory investigations found our five isolates in show similar morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics to the v. cholerae 0139 strains causing epidemics in bangladesh and india. our isolates were toxin producers resistant to streptomycin and co-trimoxazole. no local transmission was known to have occurred following introduction of these imported cases. | 1994 | 7932928 |
| diagnosis and treatment of cholera in the united states. are we prepared? | to assess cholera recognition and treatment by us health care workers in the largest cholera outbreak in the united states this century. | 1994 | 7933349 |
| toxin-related diarrheas. | 1994 | 7838605 | |
| environmental reservoir of vibrio cholerae. the causative agent of cholera. | 1994 | 7840478 | |
| cholera el tor in latin america, 1991-1993. | 1994 | 7840479 | |
| construction of plasmids useful for production of the b subunit of cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae or a heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | a simple method to construct the plasmids producing the b subunit of porcine or human heatlabile enterotoxin or cholera toxin was developed, and the b subunits produced by the resulting plasmids were purified. the gene of ltp from pewd 299 was ligated to phsg 396 or pbluescript sk(+)-1 and the vector carrying one xbal and ecor1 site in the ltp-a gene was constructed. the xbal-ecor1 fragment of ltp-a gene was exchanged for the multicloning site of phsg 396 containing xbal, bamh1, cla 1, kpn1, sac ... | 1994 | 7843342 |
| characterization of phenotypic, serological, and toxigenic traits of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | biochemical and physiological traits of a collection of strains of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from india, bangladesh, and thailand showed that these strains formed a phenotypically homogeneous group with identical characteristics that were essentially similar to those of the o1 serogroup. resistance to 150 micrograms of the vibriostatic agent o/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine) and mukherjee's el tor phage 5 and classical phage iv and the nonagglutinability of the strains with ... | 1994 | 7852571 |
| infectious agents causing acute watery diarrhoea in infants and young children in bangladesh and their public health implications. | we studied the age specific distribution of enteropathogens in young children presenting at a large diarrhoeal diseases hospital in urban bangladesh. a 5 per cent systematic sample was used to examine 1207 rectal swab specimens of children aged 1-35 months with acute watery diarrhoea. variation in isolation rates of enteropathogens was observed in different age groups. overall rotavirus (26 per cent) and campylobacter (26 per cent) were the most common pathogens followed by enterotoxigenic esche ... | 1994 | 7853440 |
| cryptolepis sanguinolenta activity against diarrhoeal bacteria. | cryptolepine is the main alkaloid of cryptolepis sanguinolenta (lindl.) schlechter, a plant used in traditional medicine in west africa. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cryptolepine, ethanol and aqueous extracts of cryptolepis sanguinolenta root were determined for 65 strains of campylobacter jejuni, 41 strains of campylobacter coli isolated from sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in portugal and 86 strains of vibrio cholerae isolated from patients with enteric infections in angol ... | 1994 | 7853867 |
| tcpa pilin sequences and colonization requirements for o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae. | the distribution, characterization and function of the tcpa gene was investigated in vibrio cholerae o1 strains of the el tor biotype and in a newly emergent non-o1 strain classified as serogroup o139. the v. cholerae tcpa gene from the classical biotype strain o395 was used as a probe to identify a clone carrying the tcpa gene from the el tor biotype strain e7946. the sequence of the e7946 tcpa gene revealed that the mature el tor tcpa pilin has the same number of residues as, and is 82% identi ... | 1994 | 7854116 |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis due to vibrio cholerae 0139 in pondicherry, south india. | 1994 | 7855647 | |
| immunogenicity of vibrio cholerae ghosts following intraperitoneal immunization of mice. | the immunogenic potential of vibrio cholerae ghosts (vcg) in comparison with heat-killed whole-cell vibrios (wcv) was evaluated after intraperitoneal immunization of adult mice. swiss white mice received four doses of vcg or wcv intraperitoneally, consisting of 500 micrograms of lyophilized material in 200 microliters of phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.4. the control group received 200 microliters of pbs. serum samples were collected from all mice on the day of immunization and on days 14, ... | 1994 | 7856300 |
| lemon juice as a natural biocide for disinfecting drinking water. | the natural biocidal activity of lemon juice was studied in order to explore its possible use as a disinfectant and inhibitor of vibrio cholerae in drinking water for areas lacking water treatment plants. from january through july 1993, water samples of varying alkalinity and hardness were prepared artificially, and underground and surface water samples were obtained from a number of different rural and urban areas in argentina's buenos aires province. after measuring the latter samples' hardnes ... | 1994 | 7858646 |
| surface-associated and soluble components of vibrio cholerae involved in bacteria-host interactions. | 1994 | 7859509 | |
| a 53 kda protein of vibrio cholerae classical strain 0395 involved in intestinal colonization. | mutants of vibrio cholerae 01 strain 0395 (classical) mutated in genes encoding secretory or cell surface proteins were induced by tnphoa mutagenesis and were selected as blue colonies on l-agar plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. southern analysis of the total dna from blue colonies showed that all mutants had tnphoa insertion in genomic dna. these mutants were analysed for adherence, colonization and protein profile. adherence to freshly isolated rabbit intestinal discs was ... | 1994 | 7861958 |
| severity of cholera during concurrent infections with other enteric pathogens. | in a clinic-based case-control study in bangladesh we evaluated whether children with diarrhoea due to v. cholerae o1 in association with other enteric pathogen(s) are likely to manifest more severe disease as indicated by development of moderate or severe dehydration. children with moderate or severe dehydration were defined as cases and those with no dehydration were controls; both cases and controls had acute diarrhoea. a systematic sample of 268 dehydrated cases and 699 nondehydrated control ... | 1994 | 7868829 |
| distribution of zonula occludens toxin (zot) gene among clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 from bangladesh and africa. | seventy-two clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 from bangladesh, and 12 and 9 isolates respectively from tanzania and nigeria were screened for sequences homologous to zonula occludens toxin (zot) and cholera toxin (ctx) genes. as observed previously, all isolates in the present study also possessed sequences for both toxins which suggested that zot does not occur independent of ctx. it appears that along with the virulence genes located in the "virulence cassette" region of the bacterial ch ... | 1994 | 7868831 |
| antibacterial activity of tea (camellia sinensis) and coffee (coffee arabica) with special reference to salmonella typhimurium. | extracts of black tea, japanese green tea, china tea or coffee inhibited the growth of various bacteria causing diarrhoeal diseases. tea or coffee also showed bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi. | 1994 | 7868837 |
| a second outbreak of cholera in the home for mentally handicapped, nonthaburi. | a second outbreak of cholera, due to the ogawa strain, occurred in the home for mentally handicapped children in nonthaburi between july 29 and august 9, 1992. an outbreak of cholera due to the inaba strain was reported in the same institution and season tin 1987. in 1992, the clinical attack rate was 8 per cent of 440 children; there were two deaths. bath water was contaminated with vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor ogawa, the same strain as was isolated from the ill children. chlorination of the water ... | 1994 | 7869006 |
| protein crystallography and infectious diseases. | the current rapid growth in the number of known 3-dimensional protein structures is producing a database of structures that is increasingly useful as a starting point for the development of new medically relevant molecules such as drugs, therapeutic proteins, and vaccines. this development is beautifully illustrated in the recent book, protein structure: new approaches to disease and therapy (perutz, 1992). there is a great and growing promise for the design of molecules for the treatment or pre ... | 1994 | 7849584 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates at the american university medical center in lebanon. | in lebanon, knowledge of the prevailing pattern of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has been limited, particularly because of 15 years of civil strife. thus, the current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nonselected bacterial isolates recovered from recent clinical specimens, using the standardized disk agar diffusion technique. a total of 5216 isolates (1443 gram positive and 3773 gram negative) were examined. over 92% of staphylococcus au ... | 1994 | 7874882 |
| cholera vaccine: developmental strategies and problems. | over a hundred years have elapsed since vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent for the disease cholera, was discovered by robert koch. ever since then serious efforts have been made to develop prophylactic measures to combat the disease without much success. seven pandemics have so far been reported and cholera still remains a public health problem in developing countries. several strategies have been adopted to develop vaccines against the disease and many of these vaccines have undergone field ... | 1994 | 7875711 |
| [a prognostic model of a cholera epidemic]. | a new model for the prognostication of cholera epidemic on the territory of a large city is proposed. this model reflects the characteristic feature of contacting infection by sensitive individuals due to the preservation of vibrio cholerae in their water habitat. the mathematical model of the epidemic quantitatively reflects the processes of the spread of infection by kinetic equations describing the interaction of the streams of infected persons, the causative agents and susceptible persons. t ... | 1994 | 7879479 |
| molecular epidemiologic analysis of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor from two well-defined cholera outbreaks in malaysia were analyzed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). isolates from sporadic cases occurring during the same time period were also studied. digestion of chromosomal dna from these isolates of v. cholerae o1 with restriction endonucleases noti (5'-gcggccgc-3') and sfii (5'-ggccnnnn-3'), followed by pfge, produced restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) patterns consisting of 13 to 24 bands (ranging ... | 1994 | 7883885 |
| case of aeromonas veronii (dna group 10) bacteremia. | we describe the first case report of bacteremia due to aeromonas veronii biotype veronii. the infection occurred in a 77-year-old man suffering from multiple underlying conditions which included cancer of the sigmoid colon. because of the unusual biochemical phenotype of this group (ornithine decarboxylase positive), it was originally identified as vibrio cholerae. | 1994 | 7883912 |
| [epidemiologic and prophylactic deductions in the bacteriologic studies of strains of vibrio cholerae (o:1) isolated in rwanda]. | 1994 | 7885213 | |
| comparative efficacy of biodegradable liposomes and microspheres as carriers for delivery of vibrio cholerae antigens in the intestine. | the effect of the encapsulated antigens of vibrio cholerae and their route of administration in induction of immune response was studied in experimental cholera. the antigenic proteins of v. cholerae el tor strain kb207 were obtained by fractionation of cell-free lysate by high-performance liquid chromatography. the antigenic proteins were pooled and encapsulated in biodegradable liposomes and poly(d,l) lactic co-glycolic acid microspheres. rabbits were immunized with free as well as encapsulate ... | 1994 | 7887015 |
| non-01 vibrio cholerae. | 1994 | 7890360 | |
| the accessory colonization factor and toxin-coregulated pilus gene clusters are physically linked on the vibrio cholerae 0395 chromosome. | a partial nucleotide sequence of the first gene in the vibrio cholerae accessory colonization factor gene cluster was obtained by sequencing a cloned acfb::tnphoa fusion junction. analysis of the sequence data revealed that the atg start codon of the acfb structural gene is located 6 bp downstream of the tcpj tga stop codon. this establishes a large region in excess of 20 kbp of the vibrio cholerae chromosome as a cluster of coordinately regulated virulence genes involved in intestinal colonizat ... | 1994 | 7894059 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia: a case report. | non-o1 vibrio cholerae infections are associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. septicaemia due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae is rare and are mainly reported in adults, particularly in immunocompromised patients. we report a case of non-o1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia and gastroenteritis in an 8-year-old child. the patient presented with bloody diarrhoea, fever and severe dehydration. non-o1 vibrio cholerae were isolated from blood and stool cultures. the clini ... | 1994 | 7761898 |
| thermal stability of an oral killed-cholera-whole-cell vaccine containing recombinant b-subunit of cholera toxin. | an oral killed cholera vaccine containing 1 x 10(11) cells of vibrio cholerae o1 (heat- or formalin-killed) representing the ogawa and inaba biotypes and containing 1 mg of b-subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) produced by recombinant dna technology (the wc/rctb vaccine) was subjected to temperatures of 4 c, 30 c or 42 c for up to 6 months time. lipopolysaccharide antigen (lps) and ctb content of the vaccine samples determined at various times remained unchanged during the study except for the ctb co ... | 1994 | 7898381 |
| bengal: el tor cholera vibrio in a new robe. | 1994 | 7823808 | |
| breast feeding: overview and breast milk immunology. | the transfer of host defence capacity to the human offspring provides a remarkable model of passive transfer of immunity. in fact it may also provide an example of active immunization. the transfer of mucosal protection via breast feeding offers many additional advantages for the mother and infant. through its contraceptive effects it increases the spacing between births, thus diminshing the infant mortality and the burden on the mother. it also enhances bonding between mother and child, it seem ... | 1994 | 7825463 |