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a reduced antigen load in vivo, rather than weak inflammation, causes a substantial delay in cd8+ t cell priming against mycobacterium bovis (bacillus calmette-guérin).regardless of the dose of ag, ag presentation occurs rapidly within the first few days which results in rapid expansion of the cd8+ t cell response that peaks at day 7. however, we have previously shown that this rapid priming of cd8+ t cells is absent during infection of mice with mycobacterium bovis (bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg)). in this study, we have evaluated the mechanisms responsible for the delayed cd8+ t cell priming. because bcg replicates poorly and survives within phagosomes we co ...200717579040
nod1/rick and tlr signaling regulate chemokine and antimicrobial innate immune responses in mesothelial cells.mesothelial cells that line the serous cavities and outer surface of internal organs are involved in inflammatory responses induced by microbial stimuli and bacterial infection. upon exposure to bacterial products, mesothelial cells secrete chemokines, but the signaling pathways by which these cells recognize bacteria to mediate innate immune responses remain largely unknown. we report that stimulation of primary peritoneal mesothelial cells via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)1, ...200717579072
listeria infections associated with infliximab: case reports.infliximab is a human-murine chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha). infliximab and other tnf blockers are used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra). tnf blockers are suspected to play a key role in some infections. we report here two cases of listeria monocytogenes sepsis associated with infliximab treatment for ra. the first patient developed a terminal ileitis and a bacteraemia after three doses of infliximab; the secon ...200717579802
evaluation of quantitative recovery methods for listeria monocytogenes applied to stainless steel.the ability of listeria monocytogenes to attach to various food contact surfaces, such as stainless steel, polypropylene, and rubber compounds, is well documented. the retention of these or other pathogenic bacteria on food contact surfaces increases the risk of transmission to food products. the objective of this study was to compare several methods for quantitative recovery of listeria monocytogenes from stainless steel surfaces. a cocktail of 4 serotypes of listeria monocytogenes mixed in equ ...200717580634
acid adaptation and survival of listeria monocytogenes in italian-style soft cheeses.the ability of listeria monocytogenes to survive and grow at high salt concentrations and low ph makes it a potential hazard after the consumption of milk and dairy products, often implicated in severe outbreaks of listeriosis. this study was designed to evaluate the behaviour of l. monocytogenes in traditional acid and salted italian-style soft cheeses and to investigate whether listeria occurrence and growth in these environments may represent a potential increase of hazard.200717584464
microplate fluorescence assay for measurement of the ability of strains of listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat-processing plants to adhere to abiotic surfaces.listeria monocytogenes is a significant food-borne pathogen that is capable of adhering to and producing biofilms on processing equipment, making it difficult to eliminate from meat-processing environments and allowing potential contamination of ready-to-eat (rte) products. we devised a fluorescence-based microplate method for screening isolates of l. monocytogenes for the ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces. strains of l. monocytogenes were incubated for 2 days at 30 degrees c in 96-well micr ...200717586676
characterization of new l,d-endopeptidase gene product cwlk (previous ycdd) that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in bacillus subtilis.bacillus subtilis has various cell wall hydrolases, however, the functions and hydrolase activities of some enzymes are still unknown. b. subtilis cwlk (ycdd) exhibits high sequence similarity with the peptidoglycan hydrolytic l,d-endopeptidase (ply500) of listeria monocytogenes phage and cwlk has the vany motif which is a d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase (pfam: http://www.sanger.ac.uk/software/pfam/). the beta-galactosidase activity observed on cwlk-lacz fusion indicated that the cwlk gene w ...200717588176
sepsis and meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes.this study focused on the effect of immuno-compromising conditions on the clinical presentation of severe listerial infection. patients and200717594151
epsilon-poly-l-lysine and nisin a act synergistically against gram-positive food-borne pathogens bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes.to test epsilon-poly-l-lysine and nisin a for possible synergistic activity against selected food-borne pathogens and food spoilage organisms.200717594454
irreversible loss of membrane-binding activity of listeria-derived cytolysins in non-acidic conditions: a distinct difference from allied cytolysins produced by other gram-positive bacteria.listeriolysin o (llo), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family, is a major virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes and contributes to bacterial escape from intracellular killing of macrophages. llo is activated under weakly acidic conditions; however, the molecular mechanism of this ph-dependent expression of cytolytic activity of llo is poorly understood. in this study, cdcs including llo, ivanolysin o (ilo), seeligeriolysin o (lso), pneumolysin (ply), streptolysin o (sl ...200717600069
antimicrobial susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes from food products.this study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes isolated from food products to antimicrobial agents commonly used for treatment of infections with gram-positive bacteria, and to disinfectants. a total of 114 l. monocytogenes retail isolates were tested for susceptibility to ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tiamulin, trimethoprim, and co-trimoxazole, and the disinfectants ...200717600489
distribution of internalin gene profiles of listeria monocytogenes isolates from different sources associated with phylogenetic lineages.listeria monocytogenes is a human foodborne pathogen with a broad range of hosts. while the l. monocytogenes genome encodes a number of internalins, which are leucine-rich repeat bacterial surface proteins with putative or confirmed roles in host cell attachment and invasion, the specific function of many internalins remains unclear. the distribution of 7 internalin genes (inlc, inlc2, inld, inle, inlf, inlg, and inlh) in 120 l. monocytogenes isolates from humans, foods, and animals was investig ...200717600490
introduction to united states department of agriculture vetnet: status of salmonella and campylobacter databases from 2004 through 2005.in 2003 the united states department of agriculture established usda vetnet. it was modeled after pulsenet usa, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance. the objectives of usda vetnet are: to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to subtype zoonotic pathogens submitted to the animal arm of the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms); examine vetnet and pulsenet pfge patterns; and use the data for surveillance and investigation of suspe ...200717600492
construction and evaluation of a microbiological positive process internal control for pcr-based examination of food samples for listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica.pcr assays for food-borne pathogens are widely available but have had more limited application to food testing compared with their use in clinical laboratories. when testing food samples, false negative pcr results can occur and may be due to interference with target-cell lysis necessary for nucleic acid extraction, nucleic acid degradation and/or direct inhibition of the pcr. therefore, it is essential to include appropriate controls for the application of pcr to the detection of pathogens in f ...200717604864
a novel promoter trap identifies listeria monocytogenes promoters expressed at a low ph within the macrophage phagosome.the gram-positive pathogen listeria monocytogenes encounters acid environments in low-ph foods, during passage through the stomach and within the macrophage phagosome during systemic infection. a novel promoter-trap system termed pgad-hly was developed, based on a plasmid containing a promoterless copy of gadb (required for survival at low ph) and hly (whose product facilitates escape from the macrophage phagosome) to identify loci that are induced under different stress conditions in vitro as w ...200717608802
antimicrobial effects of a microemulsion and a nanoemulsion on enteric and other pathogens and biofilms.some microemulsions and nanoemulsions may have antimicrobial properties and be effective anti-biofilm agents. we examined the abilities of two fine emulsions, designated bctp and teop, to inactivate suspensions of vegetative cells of salmonella spp. escherichia coli 0157:h7 (vt-), pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. bctp is an o/w nanoemulsion of soybean oil and tri-n-butyl phosphate emulsified with triton x-100, while teop is an o/w microemulsion of ethyl o ...200717610974
effects of inoculation level, material hydration, and stainless steel surface roughness on the transfer of listeria monocytogenes from inoculated bologna to stainless steel and high-density polyethylene.the influence of inoculation level, material hydration, and stainless steel surface roughness on the transfer of listeria monocytogenes from inoculated bologna to processing surfaces (stainless steel and polyethylene) was assessed. slices of bologna (14 g) were inoculated with listeria at different levels, from 10(5) to 10(9) cfu/cm2. transfer experiments were done at a constant contact time (30 s) and pressure (45 kpa) with a universal testing machine. after transfer, cells that had been transf ...200717612072
predicting microbial heat inactivation under nonisothermal treatments.the aim of this study was to develop an equation that accurately predicts microbial heat inactivation under nonisothermal treatments at constantly rising heating rates (from 0.5 to 5 degrees c/min) in media with different ph values (4.0 or 7.4). the survival curves of all bacteria (enterococcus faecium, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella senftenberg 775w, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus) tested under isothermal treatments were nearly linear. for the most heat- ...200717612077
low prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in foods from italy.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal disorders, and, especially in immunocompromised people, serious extraintestinal diseases, such as septicemia and meningitis, as well as abortion in pregnant women. many foods, from both plant and animal origin, have been involved in listeriosis outbreaks. this article reports the results of a 12-year survey (1993 through 2004) on the presence of l. monocytogenes in several kinds of food marketed in italy. of 5 ...200717612085
traceback identification of an ingredient (pork dewlap) as the possible source of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b contamination in raw chicken products.in surveys conducted on finished product samples from a single poultry processing plant in spain, listeria monocytogenes was found in 14 different uncooked products. to track contamination patterns, 77 l. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by pcr-based serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) restriction analysis, and pcr-based allelic analysis of the virulence gene acta. serotyping revealed that 12 isolates (15.6%) were of the l. monocytogenes serotype 4b complex (serotype 4b ...200717612086
combined effect of packaging atmosphere and storage temperature on growth of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat shrimp.cooked, peeled, and deveined shrimp were inoculated with a 5 strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes and packaged in air, vacuum, and a 100% carbon dioxide modified atmosphere. the packaged shrimp were then stored at 3, 7, and 12 degrees c for 15 days to monitor the growth of l. monocytogenes and psychrotrophic bacteria. uninoculated shrimp were also subjected to sensory evaluation by a trained panel to measure odor and appearance over the storage period. results demonstrated that shrimp packag ...200717613367
prevalence and level of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species in retail pre-packaged mixed vegetable salads in the uk.as part of the european commission (ec) co-ordinated programme for 2005, a study of pre-packaged ready-to-eat (rte) mixed salads containing meat or seafood ingredients from retail premises was undertaken in the uk to determine the frequency and level of listeria monocytogenes in these products. almost all (99.8%; 2682/2686) samples were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality. two (0.1%) samples exceeded ec legal food safety criteria due to the presence of l. monocytogenes in excess o ...200717613368
class i/class iia bacteriocin cross-resistance phenomenon in listeria monocytogenes.variants resistant to nisin a (va), nisin z (vz), pediocin pa-1 (vp), divergicin m35 (vd) and to bacteriocin-like compounds produced by bifidobacterium thermophilum subsp. infantis rbl67 (vb) were developed from listeria monocytogenes lsd530. lactic acid production, specific growth rate, potassium ion efflux, susceptibility to 13 antibiotics, cell-envelope fatty acid composition and bacteriocin cross-resistance were evaluated. lactic acid production decreased to 75% or less of that by strain lsd ...200717613369
inactivation kinetics of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica on strawberries by chlorine dioxide gas.inactivation kinetics of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica on strawberries by chlorine dioxide gas at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 and 5 mgl(-1)) for 10 min were studied. a cocktail of three strains of each targeted organism (100 microl) was spotted onto the surface of the strawberries (approximately 8-9 log ml(-1)) separately followed by air drying, and then treated with clo(2) gas at 22 degrees c and 90-95% relative humidity. approx ...200717613371
description of the bacteriocins produced by two strains of enterococcus faecium isolated from italian goat milk.in this study two strains of enterococcus faecium, m241 and m249, isolated from goat milk, were studied for their capability to produce antibacterial compounds. it was determined that the bacteriocins produced by both strains were active towards listeria monocytogenes and clostridium butyricum, and they did not have any activity with respect to other species of lactic acid bacteria. enterocins a and b were targeted by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced, after cloning, in both strains. ...200717613373
growth and bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria in vegetable broth and their effectiveness at reducing listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in fresh-cut lettuce.the fresh-cut fruit and vegetable industry is searching for alternatives to replace chemical treatments with biopreservative approaches that ensure the safety of the product and fulfil consumer preferences for minimally processed foods. in this study, the use of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria has been tested as a substitute for chemical disinfection of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. first, the ability of several non-plant origin bacteriocinogenic strains (nisin z(+), plantaricin c(+), ...200717613374
effect of a simple chlorine dioxide method for controlling five foodborne pathogens, yeasts and molds on blueberries.the effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) on controlling foodborne pathogens, yeasts, and molds on blueberries was studied. five pathogens were spot-inoculated on the skin of blueberries. a sachet containing necessary chemicals for generation of clo(2) was used to provide 320 ppm of clo(2) in 7.5 l of water. the efficacy of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 ppm) of clo(2) and various contact times (10s; 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 min; and 1h and 2h) were studied. clo(2) was most effectiv ...200717613378
active bacterial myocarditis: a case report and review of the literature.bacterial myocarditis (bm) is an uncommon cause of infectious myocarditis. bm is usually seen in the context of overwhelming sepsis or as part of a specific bacterial syndrome. the definitive diagnosis of bacterial myocarditis requires biopsy or morphologically proven active myocarditis with evidence of bacterial invasion or positive tissue cultures. the management of bacterial myocarditis consists of aggressive and early antibiotic or anti-toxin treatment, appropriate hemodynamic support, and t ...200717613408
bacteriocin-based strategies for food biopreservation.bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized peptides or proteins with antimicrobial activity, produced by different groups of bacteria. many lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce bacteriocins with rather broad spectra of inhibition. several lab bacteriocins offer potential applications in food preservation, and the use of bacteriocins in the food industry can help to reduce the addition of chemical preservatives as well as the intensity of heat treatments, resulting in foods which are more naturally p ...200717614151
nucleoside analogues are activated by bacterial deoxyribonucleoside kinases in a species-specific manner.to investigate the bactericidal activity of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogues against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and characterize the activating enzymes, deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dnks).200717615154
type i ifn induction in response to listeria monocytogenes in human macrophages: evidence for a differential activation of ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3).listeria monocytogenes is a prototypic bacterium for studying innate and adaptive cellular immunity as well as host defense. using human monocyte-derived macrophages, we report that an infection with a wild-type strain, but not a listeriolysin o-deficient strain, of the gram-positive bacterium l. monocytogenes induces expression of ifn-beta and a bioactive type i ifn response. investigating the activation of signaling pathways in human macrophages after infection revealed that a wild-type strain ...200717617610
listeriology (1926-2007): the rise of a model pathogen.listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous gram positive bacterium responsible for a severe food borne disease in human and animals which has become a multifaceted model. indeed, it is a facultative intracellular bacterium that induces an amazingly rapid and sterilizing t-cell response and has been--and still is--widely used by immunologists. listeria's strategies to invade non-phagocytic cells and spread from cell to cell have been and still are outstandingly instrumental to address key questions ...200717618157
src, cortactin and arp2/3 complex are required for e-cadherin-mediated internalization of listeria into cells.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen able to invade non-phagocytic cells. inla, a l. monocytogenes surface protein, interacts with human e-cadherin to promote bacterial entry. l. monocytogenes internalization is a dynamic process involving co-ordinated actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and host cell membrane remodelling at the site of bacterial attachment. interaction between e-cadherin and catenins is required to promote listeria entry, and for the establishment of adherens junctions ...200717627624
rapid determination of multi-locus sequence types of listeria monocytogenes by microtemperature-gradient gel electrophoresis.this report presents a new method for identifying multi-locus sequence types of listeria monocytogenes by microtemperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (mu-tgge). genomic comparison of l. monocytogenes serovar 1/2a strains egd-e and f6854 allowed selection of novel polymorphic sequences lmo0386 and lmo0428 as optimum regions for mu-tgge analysis, in addition to the previously identified lmo0297 gene. sequence analysis of a total of 48 standard strains revealed that the strains could be grouped i ...200717628727
prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in fresh and fermented italian sausages and ribotyping of contaminating strains.listeria monocytogenes has been detected in fresh as well as dry and semidry fermented sausages, rendering preparation and consumption of these products as a potential risk to human health. the aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the l. monocytogenes prevalence in 288 fresh and 237 fermented sausages produced in northern italy; (2) to quantify the average pathogen most probable number (mpn) per g of sausage; (3) to evaluate the sausage strain genetic diversity by automated pvuii ribotyping; ...200717629582
use of antimicrobial biodegradable packaging to control listeria monocytogenes during storage of cooked ham.the antimicrobial effect against l. monocytogenes of biodegradable films (alginate, zein and polyvinyl alcohol) containing enterocins was investigated. survival of the pathogen was studied by means of challenge tests performed at 6 degrees c during 8 and 29 days, for air-packed and vacuum-packed sliced cooked ham, respectively. air packaging was tested with two concentrations of enterocins (200 and 2000 au/cm2). control air-packed cooked ham showed an increase of l. monocytogenes from 10(4) to 1 ...200717629977
distribution and characteristics of listeria monocytogenes isolates from surface waters of the south nation river watershed, ontario, canada.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen thought to be widely distributed in the environment. we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of l. monocytogenes isolates from surface waters derived from catchments within the south nation river watershed (ontario, canada). this watershed is dominated by urban and rural development, livestock and crop production, and wildlife habitats. from june to november 2005, a total of 314 surface water samples were collected biweekl ...200717630309
protein synthesis in lactic acid and pathogenic bacteria during recovery from a high pressure treatment.recovery of injured bacteria after high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment is a key point in food safety. in this study, protein synthesis during the recovery of meat environment bacteria listeria monocytogenes ctc1011, lactobacillus sakei 23k, l. sakei ctc494, enterococcus faecalis ctc6365 and enterococcus faecium ctc6375 after a 400 mpa hhp treatment was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. after 2 h recovery from hhp treatment, the four species in ...200717631981
[case of relapsing polychondritis followed by cognitive impairment].a 64-year-old man developed cognitive impairment. a neurological examination showed hypereactive tendon reflex. a cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examination showed a mild increase in both the number of mononuclear cells (14 cells/mm3) and the protein level (45 mg/dl). an electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow wave activity. brain mr images revealed multifocal lesions in the limbic area and white matter regions. he was suspected to have autoimmune encephalitis and his symptoms improved after treated ...200717633109
myd88-mediated signals induce the bactericidal lectin regiii gamma and protect mice against intestinal listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that causes systemic infection by traversing the intestinal mucosa. although myd88-mediated signals are essential for defense against systemic l. monocytogenes infection, the role of toll-like receptor and myd88 signaling in intestinal immunity against this pathogen has not been defined. we show that clearance of l. monocytogenes from the lumen of the distal small intestine is impaired in myd88(-/-) mice. the distal ileum of wild-type (wt ...200717635956
quantitative risk assessment of listeria monocytogenes in french cold-smoked salmon: i. quantitative exposure assessment.a quantitative assessment of the exposure to listeria monocytogenes from cold-smoked salmon (css) consumption in france is developed. the general framework is a second-order (or two-dimensional) monte carlo simulation, which characterizes the uncertainty and variability of the exposure estimate. the model takes into account the competitive bacterial growth between l. monocytogenes and the background competitive flora from the end of the production line to the consumer phase. an original algorith ...200717640216
listeriolysin o expressed in a bacterial vaccine suppresses cd4+cd25high regulatory t cell function in vivo.cd4(+)cd25(high) regulatory t cells (treg) protect the host from autoimmune diseases but are also obstacles against cancer therapies. an ideal cancer vaccine would stimulate specific cytotoxic responses and reduce/suppress treg function. in this study, we showed that escherichia coli expressing listeriolysin o and ova (e. coli llo/ova) demonstrated remarkable levels of protection against ova-expressing tumor cells. by contrast, e. coli expressing ova only (e. coli ova) showed poor protection. hi ...200717641019
a new device for rapid evaluation of biofilm formation potential by bacteria.this work describes the implementation of a new assay named the biofilm ring test to evaluate the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. this assay is based on the immobilisation (or not) of magnetic beads embedded by bacterial aggregates or mats (patented concept). it is realised on modified polystyrene 96-wells microtiter plates with individual 8-wells slides. the kinetic of biofilm formation of four bacterial species, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphylococcus carnosus and staphy ...200717218029
the presence of the internalin gene in natural atypically hemolytic listeria innocua strains suggests descent from l. monocytogenes.the atypical hemolytic listeria innocua strains prl/nw 15b95 and j1-023 were previously shown to contain gene clusters analogous to the pathogenicity island (lipi-1) present in the related foodborne gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis. lipi-1 includes the hemolysin gene, thus explaining the hemolytic activity of the atypical l. innocua strains. no other l. monocytogenes-specific virulence genes were found to be present. in order to in ...200717220266
daptomycin susceptibility of unusual gram-positive bacteria: comparison of results obtained by the etest and the broth microdilution method.mics of daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin against 212 isolates, including listeria monocytogenes and pediococcus, leuconostoc, rhodococcus, and nocardia spp., were determined by the broth microdilution method; daptomycin mics were also determined by the etest. except with those for leuconostoc spp., daptomycin etest mics showed >90% agreement with mics obtained by the broth microdilution method.200717220420
differential function of listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin o and phospholipases c in vacuolar dissolution following cell-to-cell spread.we investigated the role of listeriolysin o (llo) and the bacterial phospholipases pi-plc and pc-plc in cell-to-cell spread of listeria monocytogenes. we showed that llo is essential for cell-to-cell spread in primary murine macrophages. electron micrographs revealed that in the absence of continued llo expression, bacteria remain trapped in secondary spreading vacuoles having either a double or single membrane. in bacteria lacking pi-plc and pc-plc, cessation of llo expression after initiation ...200717222191
immunohistochemical study of the reticular and vascular network of mouse lymph node using vibratome sections.the function of lymph nodes is greatly influenced by their unique microanatomy, in which distinct subpopulations of cells are compartmentalized by a meshwork of reticular cells and fibres, specialized blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. using antibodies against extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins (fibronectin, collagen iv and laminin), proteoglycan (perlecan), and a fibroblastic marker (ertr-7), the distribution and molecular organization of the system of reticular fibres was investigated by ...200717224179
water activity of bacterial suspension media unable to account for the baroprotective effect of solute concentration on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes by high hydrostatic pressure.inactivation of listeria monocytogenes (10(8) cfu/ml) by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) from 400 to 600 mpa at 25 degrees c for 10 min was investigated with various concentrations of sodium chloride, sucrose, and sodium phosphate buffer solutions. sodium chloride significantly inhibited hhp-induced inactivation of l. monocytogenes at concentrations higher than 2.6 m. a low concentration of sodium chloride within 1.7 m had no effect on hhp-induced inactivation. almost complete inactivation at re ...200717196694
in the fvb/n her-2/neu transgenic mouse both peripheral and central tolerance limit the immune response targeting her-2/neu induced by listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines.listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines for her-2/neu are capable of breaking tolerance in fvb/n rat her-2/neu transgenic mice. the growth of implanted nt-2 tumors, derived from a spontaneously occurring tumor in the fvb/n her-2/neu transgenic mouse, was significantly slower in these mice following vaccination with a series of l. monocytogenes-based vaccines for her-2/neu. mechanisms of t cell tolerance that exist in these transgenic mice include the absence of functional high avidity anti-her-2/n ...200717131121
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis of temporally matched listeria monocytogenes isolates from human clinical cases, foods, ruminant farms, and urban and natural environments reveals source-associated as well as widely distributed pfge types.a total of 495 temporally and geographically matched listeria monocytogenes isolates from human clinical cases, foods, ruminant farms, and urban and natural environments were used to investigate l. monocytogenes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) type diversity. two-enzyme (asci and apai) pfge discriminated 310 pfge types and exhibited higher overall discriminatory power (simpson's index of discrimination [d] = 0.995) than either ecori ribotyping (d = 0.950) or asci or apai single-enzyme pf ...200717202278
autophagy limits listeria monocytogenes intracellular growth in the early phase of primary infection.autophagy has been recently proposed to be a component of the innate cellular immune response against several types of intracellular microorganisms. however, other intracellular bacteria including listeria monocytogenes have been thought to evade the autophagic cellular surveillance. here, we show that cellular infection by l. monocytogenes induces an autophagic response, which inhibits the growth of both the wild-type and a deltaacta mutant strain, impaired in cell-to-cell spreading. the onset ...200717204850
antimicrobial resistance of listeria spp. recovered from processed bison.the current study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 86 listeria spp. isolated from processed bison carcasses. materials and methods: susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was determined using e-test and national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) panels. most listeria isolates (88-98%) exhibited resistance to bacitracin, oxacillin, cefotaxime, and fosfomycin. resistance to tetracycline (18.6%) was also common. of the 16 tetracycline-resistant listeria isolates, 15 ...200717209820
endocytic delivery of vancomycin mediated by a synthetic cell surface receptor: rescue of bacterially infected mammalian cells and tissue targeting in vivo. 200717212394
the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin subtilosin a.bacterocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria with a relatively narrow range of activity against closely related organisms. subtilosin a is a bacteriocin produced by bacillus subtilis that has activity against listeria monocytogenes, which might indicate antimicrobial activity unusual for bacteriocins.200717213266
listeria monocytogenes mutants carrying newcastle disease virus f gene fused to its acta and plcb: in vitro expression and immunogenicity in chickens.recombinant listeria monocytogenes mutants carrying newcastle disease virus (ndv) fusion protein gene f were constructed by homologous recombination. ndv f or its truncated fragment fa was used as the model heterologous gene to be integrated into acta or plcb downstream of their signal sequences. correct orientation of the inserted genes was verified by polymerase chain reaction amplification of f or fa. the inserted f and fa were expressed in the two recombinants lm-deltaacta-f and lm-deltaplcb ...200717213959
multi-virulence-locus sequence typing identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms which differentiate epidemic clones and outbreak strains of listeria monocytogenes.a recently developed multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (mvlst) method showed improved discriminatory power for subtyping genetically diverse listeria monocytogenes isolates and identified epidemic clone ii isolates associated with two recent u.s. multistate listeriosis outbreaks. to evaluate the ability of mvlst to distinguish other epidemic clones and outbreak strains of l. monocytogenes, 58 outbreak-related isolates from 14 outbreaks and 49 unrelated isolates were analyzed. results showed ...200717215339
a critical role for peptidoglycan n-deacetylation in listeria evasion from the host innate immune system.listeria monocytogenes is a human intracellular pathogen that is able to survive in the gastrointestinal environment and replicate in macrophages, thus bypassing the early innate immune defenses. peptidoglycan (pg) is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall readily exposed to the host and, thus, an important target for the innate immune system. characterization of the pg from l. monocytogenes demonstrated deacetylation of n-acetylglucosamine residues. we identified a pg n-deacetylase g ...200717215377
the adaptor protein card9 is required for innate immune responses to intracellular pathogens.the caspase-recruitment domain-containing adaptor protein card9 regulates the innate signaling responses to fungal infection. here we show that card9 is required for innate immune responses against intracellular pathogens. we generated card9(-/-) mice and found that card9-deficient macrophages had defects in activation of the kinases p38 and jnk but not of transcription factor nf-kappab after bacterial and viral infection. card9-deficient mice failed to clear infection and showed altered cytokin ...200717187069
use of linear, weibull, and log-logistic functions to model pressure inactivation of seven foodborne pathogens in milk.survival curves of six foodborne pathogens suspended in ultra high-temperature (uht) whole milk and exposed to high hydrostatic pressure at 21.5 degrees c were obtained. vibrio parahaemolyticus was treated at 300 mpa and other pathogens, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus were treated at 600 mpa. all the survival curves showed a rapid initial drop in bacterial counts followe ...200717188197
growth of listeria monocytogenes in egg salad and pasta salad formulated with mayonnaise of various ph and stored at refrigerated and abuse temperatures.this study investigated and modeled the behavior of listeria monocytogenes in egg salad and pasta salad as affected by mayonnaise ph (3.8, 4.2, 4.6, and 5.0) and storage temperature (4, 8, and 12 degrees c). at each storage temperature, l. monocytogenes was able to grow in both salads regardless of the mayonnaise ph. the lag-phase durations (lpd) of l. monocytogenes in egg salad ranged from 33 to 85, 15 to 50, and 0 to 19 h, and the growth rates (gr) ranged from 0.0187 to 0.0318, 0.0387 to 0.051 ...200717188199
phenotypic and technological diversity of lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci isolated from traditionally fermented sausages in southern greece.the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of spontaneously fermented sausages made by two medium-sized enterprises (mse) located in southern greece have been studied. a total of 300 lactic acid bacteria and 300 staphylococcal strains have been isolated and identified by their physiological characteristics. lactobacillus plantarum strains were found to dominate the lactic acid bacteria microbiota in most of the cases with l. sakei strains prevailing in some of them and l. rhamnosus ...200717188204
effect of industrial and natural biocides on spoilage, pathogenic and technological strains grown in biofilm.this study aimed at investigating bactericide solutions effective on spoilage and pathogenic bacteria while preserving technological bacteria. two compounds of essential oil (thymol and eugenol), one essential oil of satureja thymbra and two industrial biocides (pe 270-30, brillo) were tested on technological strains (staphylococcus equorum, staphylococcus succinus and lactobacillus sakei) grown in monoculture biofilm and on a mixed biofilm of pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, listeria ...200717188206
antimicrobial and cytotoxic knotwood extracts and related pure compounds and their effects on food-associated microorganisms.knotwood or bark extracts prepared from 30 species of hard and soft wood trees as well as selected pure compounds (lignans, stilbenes and flavonoids) were assayed for their antimicrobial activity against a battery of both gram positive and negative bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi (bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, lactobacillus plantarum, escherichia coli, salmonella infantis, pseudomonas fluorescens, candida albicans, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus f ...200717188387
genetic diversity of listeria monocytogenes recovered from infected persons and pork, seafood and dairy products on retail sale in france during 2000 and 2001.growth of the food-borne human pathogen listeria monocytogenes to large numbers in ready-to-eat food products greatly increases the risk of disease for susceptible consumers. a better knowledge of the population structure of l. monocytogenes present in retailed food could allow better prevention strategies to be developed. we present the analysis of 450 l. monocytogenes isolates, 179 responsible for sporadic human cases of listeriosis and 271 isolated from foods collected from retailers. all iso ...200717188773
effect of preinoculation growth media and fat levels on thermal inactivation of a serotype 4b strain of listeria monocytogenes in frankfurter slurries.preinoculation growth conditions and fat levels were evaluated for effects on the heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes strain mfs 102 in formulated frankfurter slurries and on frankfurter surfaces. comparison of linear inactivation rates (d-values) for cells heated in frankfurter slurry showed that growth conditions were significant (p<0.05) factors affecting subsequent thermal resistance. the average d(60 degrees c)-values for the five preinoculation growth media tested from most resistant ...200717189761
modelling thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in sucrose solutions of various water activities.the heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes was determined in sucrose solutions with water activity (a(w)) ranging from 0.99 to 0.90. at all temperatures investigated shape of the survival curves depended on the a(w) of the treatment medium. the survival curves for a(w)=0.99 appeared to be linear, for a(w)=0.96 were slightly upwardly concaved and for a(w)=0.93 and 0.90 were markedly concave upward. a mathematical model based on the weibull distribution provided a good fit for all the survival ...200717189763
assessing biofilm formation by listeria monocytogenes strains.when a microtitre plate assay was used to quantify biofilm production by listeria monocytogenes strains following growth in tryptone soy broth (tsb) for 48 h at 20 degrees c, 127 of 138 strains (92.0%) were classified as weak, 9 of 138 strains (6.5%) as moderate and only 2 of 138 strains (1.5%) as strong biofilm formers. the strains included environmental, animal, food (persistent and sporadic strains) and clinical isolates previously typed using esterase electrophoresis (ese) and multi-locus en ...200717189764
six-color segmentation of multicolor images in the infection studies of listeria monocytogenes.multiple immunofluorescent staining is a powerful strategy for visualizing the spatial and temporal relationship between antigens, cell populations, and tissue components in histological sections. to segment different cell populations from the multicolor image generated by immunostaining based on color addition theory, a systems approach is proposed for automatic segmentation of six colors. after image acquisition and processing, images are automatically segmented with the proposed approach and ...200717177276
hyponatraemia in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.hyponatraemia in adults with bacterial meningitis has been described as a common complication, but its true prevalence and clinical importance are unknown.200717178734
microbial composition in bioaerosols of a high-throughput chicken-slaughtering facility.the microbial composition of the air in various areas of a high-throughput chicken-slaughtering facility was investigated. over a 4-mo period, 6 processing areas were sampled, and the influence of environmental factors was monitored. the highest counts of microorganisms were recorded in the initial stages of processing, comprising the receiving-killing and defeathering areas, whereas counts decreased toward the evisceration, air-chilling, packaging, and dispatch areas. maximum microbial counts w ...200717179429
marination of turkey breast fillets to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes and improve meat quality in deli loaves.turkey deli loaves were evaluated using organic marinades in the raw product to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes (lm) and improve meat quality in the cooked product. treatments included sodium tripolyphosphate (stp; 0.45%, control), sodium lactate (3%), sodium diacetate (0.25%), sodium citrate (0.75%), and sodium lactate (3%)/sodium diacetate (0.25%) combination, all containing 1.5% salt. data collected in the 2 trials included ph; lightness, redness, and yellowness; bind ability; co ...200717179430
genotypic characterization of listeria spp. isolated from fresh water fish.a total of 200 samples (muscles and viscera, 100 of each) of fresh water fish, walking catfish (clarias batrachus) were screened for listeria spp. all the samples were subjected to a two-step enrichment followed by plating on selective media. confirmation of the isolates was on the basis of biochemical characters, haemolysis on blood agar and christie, atkins, munch petersen test. a total of 39 isolates of listeria spp. were recovered. of these 26 (67%), 8 (21%), 3 (8%) and 2 (5%) were listeria ...200717182144
activation of type b t cells after protein immunization reveals novel pathways of in vivo presentation of peptides.type b t cells recognize a peptide-mhc conformer generated in recycling endosomes and eliminated by h2-dm in late endosomes; as a result, they recognize exogenous peptide, but fail to respond to the identical epitope generated from the native protein. to investigate the behavior of these cells in vivo, we generated mice transgenic for a type b tcr recognizing the 48-62 epitope of hen egg white lysozyme (hel) presented by i-a(k). type b t cells responded only to peptide ex vivo, but responded in ...200717182547
the microbiological quality of hot water-washed broccoli florets and cut green beans.to determine the effect of hot water washing on the microbiological quality of cut broccoli florets and trimmed green beans.200717184318
partial characterization of bacteriocins produced by human lactococcus lactis and pediococccus acidilactici isolates.the aim of this study was to isolate bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (lab) from human intestine.200717184344
influence of ph, water activity and acetic acid concentration on listeria monocytogenes at 7 degrees c: data collection for the development of a growth/no growth model.growth/no growth models can be used to determine the chance that microorganisms will grow in specific environmental conditions. as a consequence, these models are of interest in the assessment of the safety of foods which can be contaminated with food pathogens. in this paper, growth/no growth data for listeria monocytogenes (in a monoculture and in a mixed strain culture) are presented. the data were gathered at 7 degrees c in nutrient broth with different combinations of environmental factors ...200717184866
the mutations lys 114 --> gln and asp 126 --> asn disrupt an intersubunit salt bridge and convert listeria innocua dps into its natural mutant listeria monocytogenes dps. effects on protein stability at low ph.the stability of the dodecameric listeria monocytogenes dps has been compared with that of the listeria innocua protein. the two proteins differ only in two amino acid residues that form an intersubunit salt-bridge in l. innocua dps. this salt-bridge is replaced by a hydrogen bonding network in l. monocytogenes dps as revealed by the x-ray crystal structure. the resistance to low ph and high temperature was assayed for both dps proteins under equilibrium conditions and kinetically. despite the i ...200717186524
identification of ispc, an 86-kilodalton protein target of humoral immune response to infection with listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, as a novel surface autolysin.we identified and biochemically characterized a novel surface-localized autolysin from listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, an 86-kda protein consisting of 774 amino acids and known from our previous studies as the target (designated ispc) of the humoral immune response to listerial infection. recombinant ispc, expressed in escherichia coli, was purified and used to raise specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies for protein characterization. the native ispc was detected in all growth phases at a rel ...200717172332
sensitive listeria spp. immunoassay based on europium(iii) nanoparticulate labels using time-resolved fluorescence.listeria spp. are gram-positive rod shaped bacteria found universally in the environment. pathogenic listeria monocytogenes is seldom harmful to healthy adults, but can cause serious disease, listeriosis, especially to pregnant women, neonates, and elderly or immunocompromised people. conventional methods for screening listeria in food samples are time consuming and laborious, involving the use of a range of liquid media and plate cultures. in the current study, the total analysis time was short ...200717173997
the effects of growth temperature and growth phase on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in whole milk subject to high pressure processing.the aim of this study was to explore the effect of a wide range of growth temperatures, growth phases and plating media on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes by high pressure processing (hpp). in part one, l. monocytogenes was grown to mid-stationary phase at 4, 15, 25, 35 or 43 degrees c, inoculated into whole uht milk at approximately 10(7) cfu/ml and high pressure processed at 400 mpa at room temperature (20-25 degrees c). afterward, the hpp milk was plated on tryptic soy yeast extrac ...200717173999
development and application of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) to subtype a collection of listeria monocytogenes.in this study we report the development and application of a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) strategy for subtyping listeria monocytogenes. genome profiles of a collection of forty-five food-borne l. monocytogenes isolates were compared using mlva. these isolates were obtained as part of an active surveillance programme of foods in the south-east region of ireland. mlva successfully discriminated amongst the isolates. the method was easy to perform, relatively fas ...200717174430
factors associated with listeria monocytogenes contamination of cold-smoked pork products produced in latvia and lithuania.a total of 312 samples of sliced, vacuum packaged, cold-smoked pork from 15 meat processing plants in latvia and lithuania, obtained over a 15-month period from 2003 until 2004, were analyzed for the presence of listeria monocytogenes at the end of their shelf-life. overall, 120 samples (38%) tested positive for l. monocytogenes. despite the long storing period, the levels of l. monocytogenes in cold-smoked pork products were low. manufacturing processes were studied at seven meat processing pla ...200717174432
improved antibacterial host defense and altered peripheral granulocyte homeostasis in mice lacking the adhesion class g protein receptor cd97.cd97 is a member of the adhesion family of g protein-coupled receptors. alternatively spliced forms of cd97 bind integrins alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3, decay accelerating factor, or dermatan sulfate. cd97 is expressed on myeloid cells at high levels and a variety of other cell types at lower levels. little is known about the physiological function of cd97. to begin dissecting the function of cd97, we evaluated the immune response of cd97 null mice to systemic infection by listeria monocytogenes. ...200717158902
characterization of early gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) expression during murine listeriosis: identification of nk1.1+ cd11c+ cells as the primary ifn-gamma-expressing cells.though it is well established that gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is crucial to the early innate defense of murine listeriosis, its sources remain controversial. in this study, intracellular cytokine staining of ifn-gamma-expressing splenocytes early after listeria monocytogenes infection revealed that nk1.1(+), cd11c(+), cd8(+) t, and cd4(+) t cells expressed ifn-gamma 24 h after infection. contrary to the previous report, most ifn-gamma(+) dendritic cells (dc) were cd8alpha(-) dc. unexpectedly, ...200717158904
stage of primary infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus determines predisposition or resistance of mice to secondary bacterial infections.we investigated the effect of a primary non-lethal infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) on the course and outcome of a secondary infection with the gram-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium or the gram-positive listeria monocytogenes in mice. we found that at each stage of the viral infection the susceptibility of mice to bacterial super-infections changes dramatically and depends also on whether the secondary infection is a gram-positive or gram-negative one. the ...200717136407
a fret analysis to unravel the role of cholesterol in rac1 and pi 3-kinase activation in the inlb/met signalling pathway.the signalling pathway for the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, met/hgf-r, is hijacked by the bacterial surface protein inlb to induce listeria monocytogenes entry into non-phagocytic cells. we previously showed that listeria invades host cells by interacting with specialized microdomains of the host plasma membrane called lipid rafts. in this study, we analysed in living cells signalling events that are crucial for listeria entry using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based microscopi ...200717140407
modeling the growth of listeria monocytogenes based on a time to detect model in culture media and frankfurters.in the current study, temperature dependent growth of listeria monocytogenes strain h7776, with an initial inoculum level of approximately 0.1 cfu/ml or g, was modeled based on "time to detect" (ttd) using the arrhenius equation. the activation energies (e(a)) obtained from specific growth rate and lag phase duration in tryptic soy broth (tsb) and frankfurters were compared. at 4 degrees c, the ttd for l. monocytogenes was 217 h in tsb and 48 h in portions of frankfurters. the ttd decreased as t ...200717140686
management of microbiological safety of ready-to-eat meat products by mathematical modelling: listeria monocytogenes as an example.the recent commission regulation (ec) no 2073/2005 establishes microbiological criteria in foods. for the pathogen listeria monocytogenes in the category ready-to-eat foods able to support its growth, other than those intended for infants and for special medical purposes, two different microbiological criteria are proposed: (i) l. monocytogenes levels should be <100 cfu/g throughout the shelf-life of the product, (ii) absence in 25 g of the product at the stage before the food has left the immed ...200717140689
a case of listeria meningitis associated with increased adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid.we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of listeria meningitis with increased adenosine deaminase (ada) in cerebrospinal fluid. although some cases of other etiologies were also reported, this report informs those who manage patients with meningitis that not only mycobacterium and brucella spp. but also other facultative agents can increase ada levels in cerebrospinal fluid, possibly through monocyte-macrophage activation.200717141462
differentiation of listeria monocytogenes serovars by using artificial neural network analysis of fourier-transformed infrared spectra.a classification system based on fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy combined with artificial neural network analysis was designed to differentiate 12 serovars of listeria monocytogenes using a reference database of 106 well-defined strains. external validation was performed using a test set of another 166 l. monocytogenes strains. the o antigens (serogroup) of 164 strains (98.8%) could be identified correctly, and h antigens were correctly determined in 152 (91.6%) of the test strain ...200717142376
persistent antigen presentation after acute vesicular stomatitis virus infection.long-term antigen expression is believed to play an important role in modulation of t-cell responses to chronic virus infections. however, recent studies suggest that immune responses may occur late after apparently acute infections. we have now analyzed the cd8 t-cell response to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), which is thought to cause to an infection characterized by rapid virus clearance by innate and adaptive immune system components. unexpectedly, virus-encoded antigen was detectable mor ...200717151119
enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes recruit a junctional protein, zonula occludens-1, to actin tails and pedestals.enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and listeria monocytogenes induce localized actin polymerization at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane or within the host cytoplasm, creating unique actin-rich structures termed pedestals or actin tails. the process is known to be mediated by the actin-related protein 2 and 3 (arp2/3) complex, which in these cases acts downstream of neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) or of a listerial functional homolog of wasp family p ...200717118974
acta is required for crossing of the fetoplacental barrier by listeria monocytogenes.the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes induces severe fetal infection during pregnancy. little is known about the molecular mechanisms allowing the maternofetal transmission of bacteria. in this work, we studied fetoplacental invasion by infecting mice with various mutants lacking virulence factors involved in the intracellular life cycle of l. monocytogenes. we found that the placenta was highly susceptible to bacteria, including avirulent bacteria, such as an l ...200717118980
the role of the activated macrophage in clearing listeria monocytogenes infection.macrophage activation often contributes to the strong immune response elicited upon infection. the ability of macrophages to become activated was discovered when sub-lethal primary infections of mice with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes provided protection against secondary infections through non-humoral immunity. l. monocytogenes infect and propagate in macrophages by escaping the phagosome into the cytosol, where they avoid humoral immune mediators. activated macrophages kill l. monocytog ...200717127272
role of branched-chain fatty acids in ph stress tolerance in listeria monocytogenes.in alkaline conditions, listeria monocytogenes cells develop higher proportions of branched-chain fatty acids (fas), including more anteiso forms. in acid conditions, the opposite occurs. reduced growth of ph-sensitive mutants at adverse ph (5.0/9.0) was alleviated by the addition of 2-methylbutyrate (an anteiso-fa precursor), suggesting that anteiso-fas are important in adaptation to adverse ph. the balance between anteiso- and iso-fas may be more important than changes in the amounts and/or de ...200717114323
adjuvant properties of listeriolysin o protein in a dna vaccination strategy.the use of infectious agents as vaccine adjuvants has shown utility in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations. listeria monocytogenes has been used extensively as a vaccine vehicle due to its ability to initiate both cd4(+) and cd8(+) immune responses. previous work from this laboratory has used transgenic listeria to deliver vaccine constructs. a chimeric protein composed of tumor antigen and a non-hemolytic variant of the listeria protein, listeriolysin o (llo), has demonstrated effect ...200717102978
neonatal listeriosis.in western developed countries, listeria monocytogenesis not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. however, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in taiwan. we describe two cases collected from a single medical institute between 1990 and 2005. case 1 was a male premature baby weighing 1558 g with a gestational age of 31 weeks whose mother had fever with chills 3 days prior to delivery. generalized maculopapular rash was found after delivery and subtle seizure developed. both blood and cerebr ...200717339161
induction of protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes in neonates.neonates suffer unduly from infections and also respond suboptimally to most commonly used vaccines. however, a cd8 t cell response can be elicited in neonates if the ag is introduced into the cytoplasm of apcs. listeria monocytogenes (lm) targets the cytoplasm of apc and is a strong cd8 and cd4 th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. we hypothesized that an attenuated strain of lm would be safe and induce long-lasting protective immunity, even in neonates. we found that neonatal mice immun ...200717339467
effects of heat-degraded sugars on survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria.we studied the effects of autoclaved (121 degrees c, 15 min) sugar solutions on the survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria. the growth and survival of v. parahaemolyticus in luria-bertani media and phosphate buffer, respectively, were inhibited by the addition of d-glucose autoclaved in ph 8.0 phosphate buffer. the bactericidal effect of autoclaved d-glucose was very small when autoclaved in ph 7.0 phosphate buffer, but larger effects were observed when autoclaved in t ...200717340871
fate of listeria monocytogenes in commercial ham, formulated with or without antimicrobials, under conditions simulating contamination in the processing or retail environment and during home storage.commercial cured ham formulated with or without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes and stored to simulate conditions of processing, retail, and home storage. the ham was sliced, inoculated with a 10-strain composite of l. monocytogenes (1 to 2 log cfu/cm2), vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degrees c to simulate contamination following lethality treatment at processing (first shelf life). after 10, 20, 35, and 60 days of storage, packages were opened ...200717340872
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