Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease. computed tomographic features. | the clinical, electrophysiological and neuroradiological features of thirteen patients suffering from progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver failure are presented. the disease commonly presents very early in life with progressive mental retardation, followed by intractable epilepsy, and should be suspected clinically especially if there is a family history of similar disorder in a sibling. on computed tomography there are low density regions, particularly in the occipital and ... | 2013 | 3587592 |
| [contribution of paramedical health personnel to sociopolitical activity]. | 2013 | 3927574 | |
| disc systems and spreadsheets. | 2013 | 3754227 | |
| [endomyocardial biopsy in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy]. | 2013 | 3662882 | |
| vitamins and coenzymes. part h. | 2013 | 3702707 | |
| response of amphibian liver to external gamma irradiation. | 2013 | 3659324 | |
| the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. | rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome are both benign conditions affecting the rectum, mainly in women; prolapse tends to occur late in life, while solitary rectal ulcer syndrome has a predilection for the younger adult. complete rectal prolapse probably starts as a mid-rectal intussusception, although a combination of this theory and the 'sliding hernia' theory has been proposed by altemeier et al (1971). the pelvic floor weakness associated with prolapse, which gives rise to incon ... | 2013 | 3536217 |
| auto-immune thyroiditis and thyroid lymphoma arising in a patient with sarcoidosis. | 2013 | 3676075 | |
| [recommendations on the duration of exemption from mandatory vaccination in gastroenterologic, liver and metabolic diseases]. | 2013 | 3820949 | |
| [femoral head necrosis following steroid therapy]. | 2013 | 4220664 | |
| [femoral head necrosis following steroid therapy]. | 2013 | 4220664 | |
| deer slaughter. | 2013 | 3705401 | |
| tendon ruptures and median nerve damage after hamas total wrist arthroplasty. | this article describes complications due to an incorrectly positioned hamas-designed total wrist prosthesis in a 68-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis. at operation the median nerve was found to be directly impinged upon by the rim of the distal portion of the prosthesis. there were divisions of the superficialis tendon to all four fingers, the profundus tendon to the index finger, and partial division of the profundus to the long finger. the prosthesis was removed, and the wrist stabilize ... | 2013 | 3584885 |
| renal oncocytoma: a true clinical entity? | seven cases of renal oncocytoma, representing 4.10% of nephrectomies for tumors of the renal parenchyma between may 1978 and may 1985, are presented. from a thorough analysis of the literature and a comparison of these cases with well-differentiated, noninvasive clear-cell carcinomas, it can be concluded that renal oncocytoma is a variant of the wide spectrum of renal carcinomas. hence, its clinical and therapeutical approach must not differ from that of the rest of the parenchymatous renal tumo ... | 2013 | 3582457 |
| [analysis of hba1 is necessary in the routine check-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. | 2013 | 3807486 | |
| tissue cea determination and cytophotometric dna analysis of colorectal mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer. | determination of tissue cea content and cytophotometric dna analysis of colorectal mucosa were carried out in 45 patients. tissue cea content in mucosa of tumor-bearing patients was significantly higher than in mucosa of the controls. in mucosa of the patients, tissue cea content of transitional mucosa was significantly higher than that of background mucosa. cytophotometric dna analysis of colorectal mucosa disclosed that over 3c cells were not found in the upper third of the crypt in the contro ... | 2013 | 3831499 |
| longitudinal study of dental caries in individuals in jönköping, sweden, aged 15 years in 1973 and 20 years in 1978. | the aim of this investigation was to study caries development between the ages of 15 and 20 yr in the same individuals. data concerning 100 adolescents constituted the basic material. eighty subjects could be re-examined 5 yr after the first examination. the mean number of teeth per subject was 27.1 both in 1973 and in 1978. four subjects (4%) in 1973 and three subjects (2.4%) in 1978 showed no decayed and/or filled proximal tooth surfaces. the prevalence of intact tooth regions was higher in th ... | 2013 | 3857143 |
| [perinatal nursing of mothers and infants: psychosocial approach. 9. response to the basic needs of the expectant mothers and the process of acquisition of the maternal role]. | 2013 | 3643300 | |
| [method of preparing combined knock-down models for porcelain and unit-cast crowns]. | 2013 | 3554619 | |
| structural insights into virb-dna complexes reveal mechanism of transcriptional activation of virulence genes. | virb activates transcription of virulence genes in shigella flexneri by alleviating heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein-mediated promoter repression. virb is unrelated to the conventional transcriptional regulators, but homologous to the plasmid partitioning proteins. we determined the crystal structures of virb hth domain bound by the cis-acting site containing the inverted repeat, revealing that the virb-dna complex is related to parb-pars-like complexes, presenting an example that a parb ... | 2013 | 23985969 |
| lps unmasking of shigella flexneri reveals preferential localisation of tagged outer membrane protease icsp to septa and new poles. | the shigella flexneri outer membrane (om) protease icsp (sopa) is a member of the enterobacterial omptin family of proteases which cleaves the polarly localised om protein icsa that is essential for shigella virulence. unlike icsa however, the specific localisation of icsp on the cell surface is unknown. to determine the distribution of icsp, a haemagglutinin (ha) epitope was inserted into the non-essential icsp om loop 5 using splicing by overlap extension (soe) pcr, and icsp(ha) was characteri ... | 2013 | 23936222 |
| identification and characterization of a novel shigella flexneri serotype yv in china. | shigella flexneri is the major cause of bacterial shigellosis in developing countries. s. flexneri is divided into at least 19 serotypes, the majority of which are modifications of the same basic o-antigen by glucosylation and/or o-acetylation of its sugar residues by phage encoded serotype-converting genes. recently, a plasmid encoded phosphoethanolamine (petn) modification of the o-antigen has been reported, which is responsible for the presence of the masf iv-1 determinant and results in conv ... | 2013 | 23936172 |
| in situ structural analysis of the yersinia enterocolitica injectisome. | injectisomes are multi-protein transmembrane machines allowing pathogenic bacteria to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells, a process called type iii secretion. here we present the first three-dimensional structure of yersinia enterocolitica and shigella flexneri injectisomes in situ and the first structural analysis of the yersinia injectisome. unexpectedly, basal bodies of injectisomes inside the bacterial cells showed length variations of 20%. the in situ structures of the y. e ... | 2013 | 23908767 |
| infrequent cross-transmission of shigella flexneri 2a strains among villages of a mountainous township in taiwan with endemic shigellosis. | shigellosis is rare in taiwan, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.68 cases per 100,000 persons in 2000-2007. however, the incidence rate for a mountainous township in eastern taiwan, zhuoxi, is 60.2 times the average rate for the entire country. traveling between zhuoxi's 6 villages (v1-v6) is inconvenient. disease transmission among the villages/tribes with endemic shigellosis was investigated in this study. | 2013 | 23899288 |
| virulent shigella flexneri affects secretion, expression, and glycosylation of gel-forming mucins in mucus-producing cells. | mucin glycoproteins are secreted in large amounts by the intestinal epithelium and constitute an efficient component of innate immune defenses to promote homeostasis and protect against enteric pathogens. in this study, our objective was to investigate how the bacterial enteropathogen shigella flexneri, which causes bacillary dysentery, copes with the mucin defense barrier. we report that upon in vitro infection of mucin-producing polarized human intestinal epithelial cells, virulent s. flexneri ... | 2013 | 23876800 |
| medicinal potential of morella serata (lam.) killick (myricaceae) root extracts: biological and pharmacological activities. | morella serata is a south african medicinal plant used in the treatment of microbial infections and to enhance male sexual performance. there is dearth of information in scientific literature on its efficacy and safety. | 2013 | 23829770 |
| systems-level overview of host protein phosphorylation during shigella flexneri infection revealed by phosphoproteomics. | the enteroinvasive bacterium shigella flexneri invades the intestinal epithelium of humans. during infection, several injected effector proteins promote bacterial internalization, and interfere with multiple host cell responses. to obtain a systems-level overview of host signaling during infection, we analyzed the global dynamics of protein phosphorylation by liquid chromatography-tandem ms and identified several hundred of proteins undergoing a phosphorylation change during the first hours of i ... | 2013 | 23828894 |
| antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of integron-carrier shigellae isolated in hungary (1998-2008). | antimicrobial susceptibility, integron carriage, genetic relationship and presence of some important virulence genes of the integron-carrier strains of shigella sonnei (n = 230) and shigella flexneri (n = 22) isolated from stool samples of patients in hungary between 1998 and 2008 were investigated. sixty-seven per cent (168/252) of the strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sxt) followed by streptomycin (s, 47%), ampicillin (a, 32%) and tetracycline (tc, 28%). thirty-six per c ... | 2013 | 23800597 |
| outer membrane protein a (ompa) from shigella flexneri 2a: a promising subunit vaccine candidate. | shigellosis is the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. despite many years of extensive research a practical vaccine is not yet available against the disease. recent studies illustrate that bacterial outer membrane proteins are budding target as vaccine antigen. outer membrane proteins a (ompa) are among the most immunodominant antigens in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria and possess many characteristics desired of a vaccine candidate. we observe that ompa of shigella ... | 2013 | 23764536 |
| multidrug-resistant atypical variants of shigella flexneri in china. | we identified 3 atypical shigella flexneri varieties in china, including 92 strains with multidrug resistance, distinct pulse types, and a novel sequence type. atypical varieties were prevalent mainly in developed regions, and 1 variant has become the dominant shigella spp. serotype in china. improved surveillance will help guide the prevention and control of shigellosis. | 2013 | 23763754 |
| agglutinating secretory iga preserves intestinal epithelial cell integrity during apical infection by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, by invading intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and inducing inflammatory responses of the colonic mucosa, causes bacillary dysentery. although m cells overlying peyer's patches are commonly considered the primary site of entry of s. flexneri, indirect evidence suggests that bacteria can also use iecs as a portal of entry to the lamina propria. passive delivery of secretory iga (siga), the major immunoglobulin secreted at mucosal surfaces, has been shown to protect rabbits from ... | 2013 | 23753631 |
| nanoparticle-based vaccine for mucosal protection against shigella flexneri in mice. | shigellosis is one of the leading causes of diarrhea worldwide with more than 130 million cases annually. hence, the research of an effective vaccine is still a priority. unfortunately, a safe and efficacious vaccine is not available yet. we have previously demonstrated the capacity of outer membrane vesicles (omvs) to protect mice against an experimental infection with shigella flexneri. now, we present results on the capacity of this antigenic complex to confer a longer-term protection by oral ... | 2013 | 23727423 |
| [virulence genes and pathogenicity of shigella flexneri xv isolated in beijing]. | to understand the biochemical characteristics, virulence genes and pathogenicity of shigella flexneri xv isolated in beijing. | 2013 | 23648252 |
| genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance of shigella flexneri 1c isolates from patients in egypt and pakistan. | shigella flexneri serotype 1c emerged as a critical isolate from children in egypt and pakistan. the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility (ams) and resistance genes of this serotype have yet to be characterized. | 2013 | 23638855 |
| structure of the o-antigen of a novel shigella flexneri serotype, 1d (i: 7,8). | recently, strains of a novel shigella flexneri serotype called 1d have been isolated from diarrheal patients in china. they are distinguished by the presence of a hitherto unknown combination of type o-factor i and group o-factor 7,8, both associated with lateral α-d-glucosyl groups on the basal linear o-polysaccharide. a serologically identical strain, 036_1d, has been constructed in the laboratory by sequential infection of serotype y by serotype-converting bacteriophages sfx and sfi. in this ... | 2013 | 23603189 |
| the common structural architecture of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium type three secretion needles. | the type three secretion system (t3ss), or injectisome, is a macromolecular infection machinery present in many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. it consists of a basal body, anchored in both bacterial membranes, and a hollow needle through which effector proteins are delivered into the target host cell. two different architectures of the t3ss needle have been previously proposed. first, an atomic model of the salmonella typhimurium needle was generated from solid-state nmr data. the needle sub ... | 2013 | 23555258 |
| prevalence and trends of aminoglycoside resistance in shigella worldwide, 1999-2010. | shigellosis causes diarrheal disease in humans in both developed and developing countries, and multi-drug resistance in shigella is an emerging problem. understanding changing resistance patterns is important in determining appropriate antibiotic treatments. this meta-analysis systematically evaluated aminoglycoside resistance in shigella. a systematic review was constructed based on medline and embase databases. random-effect models or fixed-effect models were used based on p value considering ... | 2013 | 23554801 |
| characterization of the ospz promoter in shigella flexneri and its regulation by virb and h-ns. | ospz is an effector protein of the type iii secretion system in shigella spp. that downregulates the human inflammatory response during bacterial infection. the ospz gene is located on the large virulence plasmid of shigella. many genes on this plasmid are transcriptionally repressed by the nucleoid structuring protein h-ns and derepressed by virb, a dna-binding protein that displays homology to the plasmid partitioning proteins parb and sopb. in this study, we characterized the ospz promoter an ... | 2013 | 23543709 |
| structural basis for the recognition of ubc13 by the shigella flexneri effector ospi. | ubc13 is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that plays a key role in the nuclear factor-κb signal transduction pathway in human diseases. the shigella flexneri effector ospi affects inflammatory responses by catalyzing the deamidation of a specific glutamine residue at position 100 in ubc13 during infection. this modification prevents the activation of the tnf (tumor necrosis factor) receptor-associated factor 6, leading to modulation of the diacylglycerol-cbm (card-bcl10-malt1) complex-tnf receptor ... | 2013 | 23542009 |
| topological investigation of glucosyltransferase v in shigella flexneri using the substituted cysteine accessibility method. | modification of the lipopolysaccharide o-antigen of shigella converts the serotype, which is significant as acquired immune responses are serotype specific. glucosyltransferases (gtrs) modify the o-antigen by the addition of glucosyl-groups; however the precise mechanism of o-antigen modification is not fully understood. this study aims to substantiate inferences made on the gtrv topological structure using the substituted cysteine accessibility method (scam). twenty-one amino acid residues were ... | 2013 | 23534399 |
| cefotaximase and ampc-producing shigella flexneri in case of dysentery from southern india. | diarrhoea and dysentery caused by shigella spp. are major public health concerns. emerging multidrug resistance (mdr) in this pathogen further complicates this disease. extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) have been described in this pathogen, which significantly compromises the treatment options for shigellosis. the usual esbls seen are sulfhydryl variable (shv)-type; cefotaximases (ctx-m) are very uncommonly detected. here, we report a ctx-m type and ampc-producing shigella flexneri from a t ... | 2013 | 23508436 |
| use of population-based surveillance to define the high incidence of shigellosis in an urban slum in nairobi, kenya. | worldwide, shigella causes an estimated 160 million infections and >1 million deaths annually. however, limited incidence data are available from african urban slums. we investigated the epidemiology of shigellosis and drug susceptibility patterns within a densely populated urban settlement in nairobi, kenya through population-based surveillance. | 2013 | 23505506 |
| [sensitivity to antibiotics and genetic support to resistance of shigella flexneri strains isolated in dakar from 2001 to 2010]. | diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of death with 14.7 million deaths in 2001 and 26% of global mortality worldwide according to who. shigella species are prevalent in tropical areas; they are present all the year, with epidemic outbreaks in rainy season. between 2001 and 2010 one hundred ninety (190) strains of shigella flexneri isolated from national senegalese enterobacteriaceae center located at the pasteur institute in dakar were studied. susceptibility was performed by antibiogram fo ... | 2013 | 23483461 |
| drug resistant shigella flexneri in & around dibrugarh, north-east india. | shigella flexneri is the most common species of shigella causing diarrhoea and dysentery in asia including india. multidrug resistance in shigella species has been reported worldwide and there is rising concern regarding development of fluoroquinolone resistance. this study was undertaken to find out the resistance pattern of sh. flexneri, the commonest shigella isolated in dibrugarh, north east india, including detection of fluoroquinolone resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamases. | 2013 | 23481070 |
| oligomeric states of the shigella translocator protein ipab provide structural insights into formation of the type iii secretion translocon. | the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system (t3ss) senses contact with human intestinal cells and injects effector proteins that promote pathogen entry as the first step in causing life threatening bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). the shigella type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) consists of an anchoring basal body, an exposed needle, and a temporally assembled tip complex. exposure to environmental small molecules recruits ipab, the first hydrophobic translocator protein, to the maturing t ... | 2013 | 23456854 |
| [bacteraemia due to shigella flexneri serotype 6 in two patients with aids]. | infections due to shigella usually remain localized to the digestive tract and are self-limited. bacteremia is a potentially lethal complication that can occur in immunocompromised patients. we describe two episodes of bacteremia caused by shigella in two adults with aids. in both patients, s. flexneri was recovered from stool and blood samples. the isolates belonged to serotype 6, were resistant only to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and showed a similar band profile by pulsed-field gel electrop ... | 2013 | 23450419 |
| shigella in brazilian children with acute diarrhoea: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. | diarrhoeal disease is still considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. among diarrhoeagenic agents, shigella should be highlighted due to its prevalence and the severity of the associated disease. here, we assessed shigella prevalence, drug susceptibility and virulence factors. faeces from 157 children with diarrhoea who sought treatment at the children's hospital joão paulo ii, a reference children´s hospital in belo horizonte, state of minas gerais, brazil, were cultur ... | 2013 | 23440111 |
| shigella impairs t lymphocyte dynamics in vivo. | the gram-negative enteroinvasive bacterium shigella flexneri is responsible for the endemic form of bacillary dysentery, an acute rectocolitis in humans. s. flexneri uses a type iii secretion system to inject effector proteins into host cells, thus diverting cellular functions to its own benefit. protective immunity to reinfection requires several rounds of infection to be elicited and is short-lasting, suggesting that s. flexneri interferes with the priming of specific immunity. considering the ... | 2013 | 23417297 |
| the zebrafish as a new model for the in vivo study of shigella flexneri interaction with phagocytes and bacterial autophagy. | autophagy, an ancient and highly conserved intracellular degradation process, is viewed as a critical component of innate immunity because of its ability to deliver cytosolic bacteria to the lysosome. however, the role of bacterial autophagy in vivo remains poorly understood. the zebrafish (danio rerio) has emerged as a vertebrate model for the study of infections because it is optically accessible at the larval stages when the innate immune system is already functional. here, we have characteri ... | 2013 | 24039575 |
| analysis of the proteome of intracellular shigella flexneri reveals pathways important for intracellular growth. | global proteomic analysis was performed with shigella flexneri strain 2457t in association with three distinct growth environments: s. flexneri growing in broth (in vitro), s. flexneri growing within epithelial cell cytoplasm (intracellular), and s. flexneri that were cultured with, but did not invade, henle cells (extracellular). compared to in vitro and extracellular bacteria, intracellular bacteria had increased levels of proteins required for invasion and cell-to-cell spread, including ipa, ... | 2013 | 24101689 |
| [ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase in shigella flexneri isolates from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea]. | 2013 | 24100837 | |
| isolation, characterization and comparative genomics of bacteriophage sfiv: a novel serotype converting phage from shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is the major cause of shigellosis in the developing countries. the o-antigen component of the lipopolysaccharide is one of the key virulence determinants required for the pathogenesis of s. flexneri. the glucosyltransferase and/or acetyltransferase genes responsible for the modification of the o-antigen are encoded by temperate serotype converting bacteriophage present in the s. flexneri genome. several serotype converting phages have previously been isolated and characterized, ... | 2013 | 24090466 |
| characterization of a novel fusion protein from ipab and ipad of shigella spp. and its potential as a pan-shigella vaccine. | shigellosis is an important disease in the developing world, where about 90 million people become infected with shigella spp. each year. we previously demonstrated that the type three secretion apparatus (t3sa) proteins ipab and ipad are protective antigens in the mouse lethal pulmonary model. in order to simplify vaccine formulation and process development, we have evaluated a vaccine design that incorporates both of these previously tested shigella antigens into a single polypeptide chain. to ... | 2013 | 24060976 |
| impact of dynasore an inhibitor of dynamin ii on shigella flexneri infection. | shigella flexneri remains a significant human pathogen due to high morbidity among children < 5 years in developing countries. one of the key features of shigella infection is the ability of the bacterium to initiate actin tail polymerisation to disseminate into neighbouring cells. dynamin ii is associated with the old pole of the bacteria that is associated with f-actin tail formation. dynamin ii inhibition with dynasore as well as sirna knockdown significantly reduced shigella cell to cell spr ... | 2013 | 24367704 |
| a shigella effector dampens inflammation by regulating epithelial release of danger signal atp through production of the lipid mediator ptdins5p. | upon infection with shigella flexneri, epithelial cells release atp through connexin hemichannels. however, the pathophysiological consequence and the regulation of this process are unclear. here we showed that in intestinal epithelial cell atp release was an early alert response to infection with enteric pathogens that eventually promoted inflammation of the gut. shigella evolved to escape this inflammatory reaction by its type iii secretion effector ipgd, which blocked hemichannels via the pro ... | 2013 | 24332032 |
| temperature-regulated expression of outer membrane proteins in shigella flexneri. | bacteria exist widely in a diversity of natural environments. in order to survive adverse conditions such as nutrient depletion, biochemical and biological disturbances, and high temperature, bacteria have developed a wide variety of coping mechanisms. temperature is one of the most important factors that can enhance the expression of microbial proteins. this study was conducted to investigate how outer membrane proteins (omps) of the bacterium shigella flexneri respond to stress, especially dur ... | 2013 | 24330657 |
| characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of shigella flexneri. | 2013 | 24288956 | |
| [o-antigen modification and serotype conversion of shigella flexneri]. | 2013 | 24257184 | |
| n-terminus of ipab provides a potential anchor to the shigella type iii secretion system tip complex protein ipad. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is an essential virulence factor for shigella flexneri , providing a conduit through which host-altering effectors are injected directly into a host cell to promote uptake. the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) is composed of a basal body, external needle, and regulatory tip complex. the nascent needle is a polymer of mxih capped by a pentamer of invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad). exposure to bile salts (e.g., deoxycholate) causes a conformational change in ... | 2013 | 24236510 |
| intracellular shigella remodels its lps to dampen the innate immune recognition and evade inflammasome activation. | lps is a potent bacterial effector triggering the activation of the innate immune system following binding with the complex cd14, myeloid differentiation protein 2, and toll-like receptor 4. the lps of the enteropathogen shigella flexneri is a hexa-acylated isoform possessing an optimal inflammatory activity. symptoms of shigellosis are produced by severe inflammation caused by the invasion process of shigella in colonic and rectal mucosa. here we addressed the question of the role played by the ... | 2013 | 24167293 |
| epidemiological characteristics of imported shigellosis in korea, 2010-2011. | shigellosis is a global disease as food poisoning by infection of shigella spp (s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei). in korea, approximately 500 cases of shigellosis have reported every year since 2004, and imported shigellosis is increasing gradually from 2006 in particular. according to increase of numbers of overseas travelers, the numbers of patients diseased with imported shigellosis is also increasing. we need continuous surveillance studies network (ssn) for control of i ... | 2013 | 24159548 |
| transmission and strain variation of shigella flexneri 4a after mass prophylaxis in a long-stay psychiatric centre. | shigella flexneri 4a caused sustained outbreaks in a large long-stay psychiatric centre, taiwan, 2001-2006. trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (sxt) prophylaxis was administered in 2004. we recovered 108 s. flexneri 4a isolates from 83 symptomatic (including one caregiver) and 12 asymptomatic subjects (11 contacts, one caregiver). the isolates were classified into eight antibiogram types and 15 genotypes (six clusters) by using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ... | 2013 | 22364591 |
| protective immunity by oral immunization with heat-killed shigella strains in a guinea pig colitis model. | the protective efficacy of and immune response to heat-killed cells of monovalent and hexavalent mixtures of six serogroups/serotypes of shigella strains (shigella dysenteriae 1, shigella flexneri 2a, s. flexneri 3a, s. flexneri 6, shigella boydii 4, and shigella sonnei) were examined in a guinea pig colitis model. a monovalent or hexavalent mixture containing 1 × 10(7) of each serogroup/serotype of heat-killed shigella cells was administered orally on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. on day 28, the immuni ... | 2013 | 24033533 |
| characterization and complete genome sequence of the shigella bacteriophage psf-1. | shigellosis is a global health problem, and shigella flexneri is the major cause of this disease. in this study, we isolated a virulent siphoviridae bacteriophage (phage), psf-1, that infects s. flexneri. this phage was isolated from the han river in korea and was found to infect s. flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei. one-step growth analysis revealed that this phage has a short latent period (10 min) and a large burst size (86.86 pfu/cell), indicating that psf-1 has good host infect ... | 2013 | 24012542 |
| multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles of shigellae confer passive protection to the neonatal mice against shigellosis. | recently, we have demonstrated, immunization of adult female mice with outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of shigella boydii type 4 protected their offspring passively from shigellosis. in our present study, we have advanced our research by formulating multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles (momvs), mixing the omvs of shigella dysenteriae 1 δstx, shigella flexneri 2a, 3a and 6, s. boydii type 4 and shigella sonnei to achieve a broad spectrum protection against shigellosis. adult mice were immunized ... | 2013 | 23684822 |
| phage inactivation of foodborne shigella on ready-to-eat spiced chicken. | shigellosis, also called bacillary dysentery, is an infectious disease caused by shigella species, including shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. infection with s. flexneri can result in epidemics, and shigella-contaminated food is often the source of infection, such as ready-to-eat spiced chicken and duck. therefore, we investigated the ability of shigella phages to inhibit pathogenic shigella spp. in ready-to-eat spiced chicken. food samples were inocu ... | 2013 | 23243250 |
| molecular cloning and biologically active production of ipad n-terminal region. | shigella is known as pathogenic intestinal bacteria in high dispersion and pathogenic bacteria due to invasive plasmid antigen (ipa). so far, a number of ipa proteins have been studied to introduce a new candidate vaccine. here, for the first time, we examined whether the n-terminal region of ipad(72-162) could be a proper candidate for shigella vaccine. initially, the dna sequence coding n-terminal region was isolated by pcr from shigella dysenteriae type i and cloned into pet-28a expression ve ... | 2013 | 23731655 |
| multiplexed immunoassay to assess shigella-specific antibody responses. | infection with shigella spp. results in bacillary dysentery and a systemic and mucosal antibody response. the immune response is directed at multiple antigens, including lps and the invasin plasmid antigen (ipa) proteins, and is capable of conferring short-term, serotype-specific protection. both live-attenuated and several subunit vaccine approaches have focused on inducing a pronounced mucosal immune response directed to the same antigens recognized after natural infection. traditionally, shig ... | 2013 | 23583496 |
| a role for the ankyrin repeat containing protein ankrd17 in nod1- and nod2-mediated inflammatory responses. | innate immune responses induced by the pattern-recognition receptors nod1 and nod2 play pivotal roles to combat infection and to instruct adaptive immunity. here we identify ankrd17 as a novel binding partner of nod2 and show that its n-terminal domain mediates nod2 binding. knock-down and overexpression analysis revealed that ankrd17 is functionally involved in nod2- and nod1-mediated responses in human myeloid and epithelial cells. in hela cells ankrd17 contributed to pro-inflammatory response ... | 2013 | 23711367 |
| mait cells detect and efficiently lyse bacterially-infected epithelial cells. | mucosal associated invariant t cells (mait) are innate t lymphocytes that detect a large variety of bacteria and yeasts. this recognition depends on the detection of microbial compounds presented by the evolutionarily conserved major-histocompatibility-complex (mhc) class i molecule, mr1. here we show that mait cells display cytotoxic activity towards mr1 overexpressing non-hematopoietic cells cocultured with bacteria. the nk receptor, cd161, highly expressed by mait cells, modulated the cytokin ... | 2013 | 24130485 |
| proteolytic elimination of n-myristoyl modifications by the shigella virulence factor ipaj. | protein n-myristoylation is a 14-carbon fatty-acid modification that is conserved across eukaryotic species and occurs on nearly 1% of the cellular proteome. the ability of the myristoyl group to facilitate dynamic protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions (known as the myristoyl switch) makes it an essential feature of many signal transduction systems. thus pathogenic strategies that facilitate protein demyristoylation would markedly alter the signalling landscape of infected host cells ... | 2013 | 23535599 |
| shigella flexneri t3ss effector ipah4.5 modulates the host inflammatory response via interaction with nf-κb p65 protein. | shigella species possess a type iii secretion system (t3ss), which is required for human infection and that delivers effector proteins into target host cells. here, we show that the effector, ipah4.5 dampens the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. in both the sereny test and a murine lung infection model, the shigella δipah4.5 mutant strain caused more severe inflammatory responses and significantly induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (mip-2 and tnf-α) in the lung homogenates of wild ... | 2013 | 23083102 |
| molecular mechanisms of cell-cell spread of intracellular bacterial pathogens. | several bacterial pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri and rickettsia spp., have evolved mechanisms to actively spread within human tissues. spreading is initiated by the pathogen-induced recruitment of host filamentous (f)-actin. f-actin forms a tail behind the microbe, propelling it through the cytoplasm. the motile pathogen then encounters the host plasma membrane, forming a bacterium-containing protrusion that is engulfed by an adjacent cell. over the past two decad ... | 2013 | 23864553 |
| the antimicrobial effect of lactobacillus casei culture supernatant against multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri in vitro. | shigellosis remains an important public health problem in developing countries with s. sonnei and s. flexneri in us, europe and in asian countries being of importance. | 2013 | 23682323 |
| technological and probiotic potential of bgra43 a natural isolate of lactobacillus helveticus. | lactobacillus helveticus bgra43 is a human intestinal isolate showing antimicrobial activity, amongst others, against yersinia enterocolitica, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, and streptococcus pneumoniae. bgra43 produces prth proteinase with proteolytic activity on both casein and β-lactoglobulin (blg). bgra43 is able to reduce the allergenicity of blg. bioactive peptides released in bgra43 fermented milk are potent modulators of innate immunity by modulating the production of proinflammator ... | 2013 | 23346083 |
| cloning and purification of ipac antigen from shigella flexneri: proposal of a new methodology. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacillus that is responsible for a severe form of dysentery called shigellosis, which mainly affects children and the elderly in both underdeveloped and developed countries. pathogenic s. flexneri strains possess a large virulence plasmid that codes for effector proteins that are required for the entry and spread of the bacteria into colonocytes. among these proteins is the translocator ipac, which plays an important role in the invasion process; ipac is impl ... | 2013 | 22894716 |
| connexin 26 facilitates gastrointestinal bacterial infection in vitro. | escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), represents the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is therefore a serious public health burden. treatment for gastrointestinal pathogens is hindered by the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance, leading to the requirement for the development of new therapies. a variety of mechanisms act in combination to mediate gastrointestinal-bacterial-associated diarrhoea development. for example, epec infection of enterocytes induce ... | 2013 | 23138568 |
| evaluation of probiotic properties of lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from chinese sauerkraut. | lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated and identified from naturally-fermented chinese sauerkraut were examined in vitro for potential probiotic properties and in vivo for cholesterol-lowering effect in mice. among 7 isolated l. plantarum strains, strains s2-5 and s4-1 were found to possess desirable probiotic properties including ability to survive at ph 2.0 for 60 min, tolerate pancreatin and bile salts, adhere to caco-2 cells, produce high β-galactosidase activity and antimicrobial activity ... | 2013 | 23117677 |
| synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles using hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity. | synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of hibiscus cannabinus has been investigated. the influences of different concentration of h. cannabinus leaf extract, different metal ion concentration and different reaction time on the above cases on the synthesis of nanoparticles were evaluated. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). the p ... | 2013 | 23103459 |
| quantification of viable but nonculturable bacterial pathogens in anaerobic digested sludge. | enteric bacterial pathogens in sewage sludge easily become viable but nonculturable (vbnc) during anaerobic digestion, which escape detection by standard culture methods and pose a potential health risk. in this study, a method that is combining the standard culture method with the reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) assay was developed for the quantification of bacterial pathogens in the vbnc state. the cycle threshold (ct) values from rt-qpcr assays were linear to the bacterial nu ... | 2013 | 22996281 |
| production of microbial medium from defatted brebra (milletia ferruginea) seed flour to substitute commercial peptone agar. | to investigate and optimize microbial media that substitute peptone agar using brebra seed defatted flour. | 2013 | 24075344 |
| the host and the flora. | to prevent bacterial overgrowth, colonization of the epithelium and subsequent translocation, the gastrointestinal tract maintains an effective mucosal barrier. besides mucus the most important components of this protective system are epithelial antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, the cathelicidin ll-37, lysozyme, phospholipase a, and proteins with additional antimicrobial properties such as ubiquicidin, ribosomal proteins or histones. commensal species may tolerate intestinal antimicrobia ... | 2013 | 24246976 |
| transposition of isecp1 modulates blactx-m-55-mediated shigella flexneri resistance to cefalothin. | the aim of this study was to uncover the mechanisms underlying shigella flexneri resistance to cefalothin. in this study, a resistance-related s. flexneri isolate, s. flexneri ydc, was obtained from s. flexneri mel-1998023/zz pre-incubated with cefalothin at a dose of 0.5 × the minimum inhibitory concentration. the isecp1 coding element was identified upstream of bla(ctx-m-55) in s. flexneri ydc. to further determine the role of isecp1 in s. flexneri resistance, plasmids containing bla(ctx-m-55) ... | 2013 | 24207017 |
| role of porin proteins in acquisition of transferrin iron by enteropathogens. | acquisition of iron from key innate immune defence proteins such as transferrin (tf) and lactoferrin is an important mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria obtain essential iron for growth within their host. bacterial species that do not produce siderophores often use specific tf-binding proteins, the best characterized being the neisseriaceae-type tf-binding proteins tbpa and tbpb. previous work from our laboratory has shown that siderophore-producing enteric species such as escherichia coli al ... | 2013 | 24089578 |
| small-molecule inhibitor of the shigella flexneri master virulence regulator virf. | virf is an arac family transcriptional activator that is required for the expression of virulence genes associated with invasion and cell-to-cell spread by shigella flexneri, including multiple components of the type three secretion system (t3ss) machinery and effectors. we tested a small-molecule compound, se-1 (formerly designated ossl_051168), which we had identified as an effective inhibitor of the arac family proteins rhas and rhar, for its ability to inhibit virf. cell-based reporter gene ... | 2013 | 24002059 |
| o-antigen protects gram-negative bacteria from histone killing. | beyond their traditional role of wrapping dna, histones display antibacterial activity to gram-negative and -positive bacteria. to identify bacterial components that allow survival to a histone challenge, we selected resistant bacteria from homologous escherichia coli libraries that harbor plasmids carrying pieces of the chromosome in different sizes. we identified genes required for exopolysaccharide production and for the synthesis of the polysaccharide domain of the lipopolysaccharide, called ... | 2013 | 23951089 |
| modulators of antibiotic activity from ipomoea murucoides. | reinvestigation of the chcl3-soluble extract from the flowers of ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling hplc, yielded three pentasaccharides of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, murucoidins xvii-xix, in addition to the known murucoidin iii and v, all of which were characterized by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. these compounds were found to be macrolactones of the known pentasaccharides simonic acid b and operculinic acid a. the acylating groups corresponded to acetic, (2s)- ... | 2013 | 23920226 |
| oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf extract exerts in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo anticolonizing activities against shigella dysenteriae 1 (nt4907) and shigella flexneri 2a (2457t) in induced diarrhea in suckling mice. | in this study, the extract of a green leafy vegetable oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial and in vivo anti colonizing effect against common intestinal pathogenic bacteria. methanolic extract (80%) of oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf contained a polyphenol content of 910 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight and the yield was 8%. the flavonoid content was 2.353 g quercetin equivalent per 100 g of the extract. in vitro studies indicated tha ... | 2013 | 23909903 |
| effects of subtherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials on gene acquisition events in yersinia, proteus, shigella, and salmonella recipient organisms in isolated ligated intestinal loops of swine. | to assess antimicrobial resistance and transfer of virulence genes facilitated by subtherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials in swine intestines. | 2013 | 23879845 |
| self-adjuvanting bacterial vectors expressing pre-erythrocytic antigens induce sterile protection against malaria. | genetically inactivated, gram-negative bacteria that express malaria vaccine candidates represent a promising novel self-adjuvanting vaccine approach. antigens expressed on particulate bacterial carriers not only target directly to antigen-presenting cells but also provide a strong danger signal thus circumventing the requirement for potent extraneous adjuvants. e. coli expressing malarial antigens resulted in the induction of either th1 or th2 biased responses that were dependent on both antige ... | 2013 | 23847617 |
| protein expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the isolated shigella flexneri vapc toxin. | upon release from the stable complex formed with its antitoxin vapb, the toxin vapc (mvpt) of the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri is capable of globally down-regulating translation by specifically cleaving initiator trna(fmet) in the anticodon region. recombinant shigella flexneri vapc(d7a) harbouring an active-site mutation was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion technique. a preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis sho ... | 2013 | 23832203 |
| human single-chain urokinase is activated by the omptins pgte of salmonella enterica and pla of yersinia pestis despite mutations of active site residues. | fibrinolysis is important in cell migration and tightly regulated by specific inhibitors and activators; of the latter, urokinase (upa) associates with enhancement of cell migration. active upa is formed through cleavage of the single-chain upa (scupa). the salmonella enterica strain 14028r cleaved human scupa at the peptide bond lys158-ile159, the site cleaved also by the physiological activator human plasmin. the cleavage led to activation of scupa, while no cleavage or activation were detecte ... | 2013 | 23763588 |
| providencia alcalifaciens causes barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in tissue cell culture: potent role of lipopolysaccharides on diarrheagenicity. | providencia alcalifaciens is a member of the enterobacteriaceae family that occasionally causes diarrheagenic illness in humans via the intake of contaminated foods. despite the epidemiological importance of p. alcalifaciens, little is known about its pathobiology. here we report that p. alcalifaciens causes barrier dysfunction in caco-2 cell monolayers and induces apoptosis in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells. p. alcalifaciens infection caused a 30% reduction in transepithelial resistanc ... | 2013 | 23710559 |
| the shigella ospc3 effector inhibits caspase-4, antagonizes inflammatory cell death, and promotes epithelial infection. | caspase-mediated inflammatory cell death acts as an intrinsic defense mechanism against infection. bacterial pathogens deploy countermeasures against inflammatory cell death, but the mechanisms by which they do this remain largely unclear. in a screen for shigella flexneri effectors that regulate cell death during infection, we discovered that shigella infection induced acute inflammatory, caspase-4-dependent epithelial cell death, which is counteracted by the bacterial ospc3 effector. ospc3 int ... | 2013 | 23684308 |
| shigella antigen-specific b memory cells are associated with decreased disease severity in subjects challenged with wild-type shigella flexneri 2a. | the role of shigella-specific b memory (bm) in protection has not been evaluated in human challenge studies. we utilized cryopreserved pre- and post-challenge peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from wild-type shigella flexneri 2a (wt-2457t) challenges. challenged volunteers were either naïve or subjects who had previously ingested wt-2457t or been immunized with hybrid escherichia coli-shigella live oral candidate vaccine (ecsf2a-2). bm and antibody titers were measured against lipopoly ... | 2013 | 23649043 |
| recombinant heat shock protein 60 (hsp60/groel) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits cross-protection against multiple bacterial pathogens in mice. | heat shock proteins (hsps) or stress proteins are recognized as protective antigens against a wide range of bacterial diseases. conservation of hsps across different life forms also appears to contribute to the antigenicity of these proteins. due to their high sequence homology, there exists an immunological cross-recognition between different bacterial species. in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant groel of salmonella enterica serovar typhi as a vaccine candidate agains ... | 2013 | 23474314 |
| tmrna is essential in shigella flexneri. | nonstop mrnas pose a challenge for bacteria, because translation cannot terminate efficiently without a stop codon. the trans-translation pathway resolves nonstop translation complexes by removing the nonstop mrna, the incomplete protein, and the stalled ribosome. p1 co-transduction experiments demonstrated that tmrna, a key component of the trans-translation pathway, is essential for viability in shigella flexneri. tmrna was previously shown to be dispensable in the closely related species esch ... | 2013 | 23451240 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of sfi, a serotype-converting bacteriophage of shigella flexneri. | all shigella flexneri serotypes except serotype 6 share a common o-antigen tetrasaccharide backbone and nearly all variations between serotypes are due to glucosyl and/or o-acetyl modifications of the common o unit mediated by glycosyltransferases encoded by serotype-converting bacteriophages. several s. flexneri serotype-converting phages including sfv, sfx, sf6 and sfii have been isolated and characterized. however, s. flexneri serotype-converting phage sfi which encodes a type i modification ... | 2013 | 23414301 |
| analysis of soluble protein complexes in shigella flexneri reveals the influence of temperature on the amount of lipopolysaccharide. | shigella flexneri, which is closely related to escherichia coli, is the most common cause of the endemic form of shigellosis. in this study, 53 homomultimeric protein complexes and nine heteromultimeric protein complexes from s. flexneri 2a strain 2457t were separated and identified. among these, three potential homomultimeric protein complexes had not been previously described. one complex, thought to be composed of 12 phon1 subunits, is a periplasmic protein with an unknown physiological role ... | 2013 | 23378524 |
| antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activity of calpurnia aurea leaf extract. | in ethiopia, calpurnia aurea is used for the treatment of syphilis, malaria, rabies, diabetes, hypertension, diarrhoea, leishmaniasis, trachoma, elephantiasis, fungal diseases and different swellings. however, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial agent, there is limited or no information regarding its effectiveness and mode of action in diarrhoea which may be caused by shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. hence, we evalu ... | 2013 | 23351272 |