Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism of hepatitis c virus-like nonprimate hepaciviruses in horses. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) has a very narrow species and tissue tropism and efficiently replicates only in humans and the chimpanzee. recently, several studies identified close relatives to hcv in different animal species. among these novel viruses, the nonprimate hepaciviruses (nphv) that infect horses are the closest relatives of hcv described to date. in this study, we analyzed the nphv prevalence in northern germany and characterized the clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism to ... | 2015 | 25212983 |
| destabilization of the gut microbiome marks the end-stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild chimpanzees. | enteric dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection but has not been observed in simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac)-infected macaques, including in animals with end-stage disease. this has raised questions concerning the mechanisms underlying the hiv-1 associated enteropathy, with factors other than virus infection, such as lifestyle and antibiotic use, implicated as playing possible causal roles. simian immunodeficiency virus of ... | 2015 | 26676710 |
| hiv-1 adapts to replicate in cells expressing common marmoset apobec3g and bst2. | previous studies have shown that a major block to hiv-1 replication in common marmosets operates at the level of viral entry and that this block can be overcome by adaptation of the virus in tissue-cultured cells. however, our current studies indicate that hiv-1 encounters additional postentry blocks in common marmoset peripheral blood mononuclear cells. here, we show that the common marmoset apobec3g (a3g) and bst2 proteins block hiv-1 in cell cultures. using a directed-evolution method that ta ... | 2015 | 26512082 |
| cocirculation of two env molecular variants, of possible recombinant origin, in gorilla and chimpanzee simian foamy virus strains from central africa. | simian foamy virus (sfv) is a ubiquitous retrovirus in nonhuman primates (nhps) that can be transmitted to humans, mostly through severe bites. in the past few years, our laboratory has identified more than 50 hunters from central africa infected with zoonotic sfvs. analysis of the complete sequences of five sfvs obtained from these individuals revealed that env was the most variable gene. furthermore, recombinant sfv strains, some of which involve sequences in the env gene, were recently identi ... | 2015 | 26446599 |
| modulation of gene expression in cd4+ t lymphocytes following in vitro hiv infection: a comparison between human and chimpanzee. | chimpanzees are susceptible to experimental infection by human deficiency virus (hiv)-1, but unlike humans, they exceptionally develop an immunodeficiency syndrome after hiv-1 inoculation. to explore the difference between human and chimpanzee, we analyzed the expression of 1547 genes of various functions in human or chimpanzee cd4+ lymphoblasts inoculated in vitro with hiv-1. we observed that, 1 day after hiv inoculation, fifty-eight genes were up-regulated in lymphoblasts of the three humans w ... | 2015 | 26436123 |
| high rate of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections in wild chimpanzees in northeastern gabon. | the emergence of hiv-1 groups m, n, o, and p is the result of four independent cross-species transmissions between chimpanzees (cpz) and gorillas (gor) from central/south cameroon and humans respectively. although the first two sivcpz were identified in wild-born captive chimpanzees in gabon in 1989, no study has been conducted so far in wild chimpanzees in gabon. to document the sivcpz infection rate, genetic diversity, and routes of virus transmission, we analyzed 1458 faecal samples collected ... | 2015 | 26389939 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infection of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) shares features of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic lentiviral infections. | the virus-host relationship in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infected chimpanzees is thought to be different from that found in other siv infected african primates. however, studies of captive sivcpz infected chimpanzees are limited. previously, the natural sivcpz infection of one chimpanzee, and the experimental infection of six chimpanzees was reported, with limited follow-up. here, we present a long-term study of these seven animals, with a retrospective re-examination of the early stag ... | 2015 | 26360709 |
| down-modulation of primate lentiviral receptors by nef proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) of chimpanzees (sivcpz) and related sivs: implication for the evolutionary event at the emergence of sivcpz. | it has been estimated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originated from the zoonotic transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) of chimpanzees, sivcpz, and that sivcpz emerged by the recombination of two lineages of sivs in old world monkeys (sivgsn/mon/mus in guenons and sivrcm in red-capped mangabeys) and sivcpz nef is most closely related to sivrcm nef. these observations suggest that sivrcm nef had an advantage over sivgsn/mon/mus during the evolution of sivcpz in chimpanzees ... | 2015 | 26041873 |
| neutralization properties of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and gorillas. | broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) represent powerful tools to combat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. here, we examined whether hiv-1-specific bnabs are capable of cross-neutralizing distantly related simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) infecting central (pan troglodytes troglodytes) (sivcpzptt) and eastern (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) (sivcpzpts) chimpanzees (n = 11) as well as western gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) (sivgor) (n = 1). we foun ... | 2015 | 25900654 |
| intrinsic retroviral reactivation in human preimplantation embryos and pluripotent cells. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections, and comprise nearly 8% of the human genome. the most recently acquired human erv is hervk(hml-2), which repeatedly infected the primate lineage both before and after the divergence of the human and chimpanzee common ancestor. unlike most other human ervs, hervk retained multiple copies of intact open reading frames encoding retroviral proteins. however, hervk is transcriptionally silenced by the host, with the exceptio ... | 2015 | 25896322 |
| stability of the gorilla microbiome despite simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) have been discovered in over 45 primate species; however, the pathogenic potential of most siv strains remains unknown due to difficulties inherent in observing wild populations. because those siv infections that are pathogenic have been shown to induce changes in the host's gut microbiome, monitoring the microbiota present in faecal samples can provide a noninvasive means for studying the effects of siv infection on the health of wild-living primates. here ... | 2015 | 25545295 |
| activated cd4+ccr5+ t cells in the rectum predict increased siv acquisition in sivgag/tat-vaccinated rhesus macaques. | an effective t-cell-based aids vaccine should induce strong hiv-specific cd8(+) t cells in mucosal tissues without increasing the availability of target cells for the virus. here, we evaluated five immunization strategies that include human adenovirus-5 (adhu5), chimpanzee adenovirus-6 (adc6) or -7 (adc7), vaccinia virus (vv), and dna given by electroporation (dna/ep), all expressing simian immunodeficiency virus group specific antigen/transactivator of transcription (siv(mac239gag/tat)). five g ... | 2015 | 25550504 |
| heterologous prime-boost regimens with a recombinant chimpanzee adenoviral vector and adjuvanted f4 protein elicit polyfunctional hiv-1-specific t-cell responses in macaques. | hiv-1-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes are important for hiv-1 replication control. f4/as01 consists of f4 recombinant fusion protein (containing clade b gag/p24, pol/rt, nef and gag/p17) formulated in as01 adjuvant system, and was shown to induce f4-specific polyfunctional cd4+ t-cell responses in humans. while replication-incompetent recombinant hiv-1/siv antigen-expressing human adenoviral vectors can elicit high-frequency antigen-specific cd8+ t-cell responses, their use is hampered by w ... | 2015 | 25856308 |
| genomic, phylogenetic, and recombinational characterization of herpes simplex virus 2 strains. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is a major global pathogen, infecting 16% of people 15 to 49 years old worldwide and causing recurrent genital ulcers. little is known about viral factors contributing to virulence, and there are currently only two genomic sequences available. in this study, we determined nearly complete genomic sequences of six additional hsv-2 isolates, using illumina miseq. we report that hsv-2 has a genomic overall mean distance of 0.2355%, which is less than that of hsv-1. the ... | 2015 | 25855744 |
| genetic diversity within alphaherpesviruses: characterization of a novel variant of herpes simplex virus 2. | very low levels of variability have been reported for the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) genome. we recently described a new genetic variant of hsv-2 (hsv-2v) characterized by a much higher degree of variability for the ul30 gene (dna polymerase) than observed for the hg52 reference strain. retrospective screening of 505 clinical isolates of hsv-2 by a specific real-time pcr assay targeting the ul30 gene led to the identification of 13 additional hsv-2v isolates, resulting in an overall prevalen ... | 2015 | 26401046 |
| identification and functional comparison of seven-transmembrane g-protein-coupled bilf1 receptors in recently discovered nonhuman primate lymphocryptoviruses. | coevolution of herpesviruses with their respective host has resulted in a delicate balance between virus-encoded immune evasion mechanisms and host antiviral immunity. bilf1 encoded by human epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a 7-transmembrane (7tm) g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) with multiple immunomodulatory functions, including attenuation of pkr phosphorylation, activation of g-protein signaling, and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i surface expression. in this stu ... | 2015 | 25505061 |
| complete genome sequence of pig-tailed macaque rhadinovirus 2 and its evolutionary relationship with rhesus macaque rhadinovirus and human herpesvirus 8/kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | two rhadinovirus lineages have been identified in old world primates. the rhadinovirus 1 (rv1) lineage consists of human herpesvirus 8, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), and closely related rhadinoviruses of chimpanzees, gorillas, macaques and other old world primates. the rv2 rhadinovirus lineage is distinct and consists of closely related viruses from the same old world primate species. rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (rrv) is the rv2 prototype, and two rrv isolates, 26-95 and 17577, ... | 2015 | 25609822 |
| voronoff to virion: 1920s testis transplantation and aids. | we address accusations linking aids with testis transplantation performed by a french surgeon, serge voronoff (1866-1951), and their implications in the future of animal-to-human organ transplantation. | 2015 | 23094667 |
| stepwise adaptation of murine cytomegalovirus to cells of a foreign host for identification of host range determinants. | ever since their first isolation 60 years ago, cytomegaloviruses have been recognized as being highly species specific. they replicate only in cells of their own or a closely related host species, while cells of phylogenetically more distant hosts are usually not permissive for viral replication. for instance, human cytomegalovirus replicates in human and chimpanzee fibroblasts but not in rodent cells, and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) replicates in cells of mice and rats but not in primate cell ... | 2015 | 25788395 |
| a severe bite from a nonhuman primate is a major risk factor for htlv-1 infection in hunters from central africa. | htlv-1 infection is endemic to central african populations. the risk factors for htlv-1 acquisition in humans via the interspecies transmission of stlv-1 (its simian counterpart) remain largely unknown. | 2015 | 25722199 |
| phylogenomic evidence for recombination of adenoviruses in wild gorillas. | human adenoviruses (hadvs) of species human mastadenovirus b (hadv-b) are genetically highly diverse and comprise several pathogenic types. advs closely related to members of hadv-b infect african great apes and the evolutionary origin of hadv-b has recently been determined in ancient gorillas. genetic evidence for intra- and inter-species recombination has been obtained for advs of humans and captive great apes, but evidence from wild great apes is lacking. in this study, potential hadv-b membe ... | 2015 | 26219820 |
| differential immunogenicity between hadv-5 and chimpanzee adenovirus vector chadox1 is independent of fiber and penton rgd loop sequences in mice. | replication defective adenoviruses are promising vectors for the delivery of vaccine antigens. however, the potential of a vector to elicit transgene-specific adaptive immune responses is largely dependent on the viral serotype used. hadv-5 (human adenovirus c) vectors are more immunogenic than chimpanzee adenovirus vectors from species human adenovirus e (chadox1 and adc68) in mice, though the mechanisms responsible for these differences in immunogenicity remain poorly understood. in this study ... | 2015 | 26576856 |
| the relative magnitude of transgene-specific adaptive immune responses induced by human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors differs between laboratory animals and a target species. | adenovirus vaccine vectors generated from new viral serotypes are routinely screened in pre-clinical laboratory animal models to identify the most immunogenic and efficacious candidates for further evaluation in clinical human and veterinary settings. here, we show that studies in a laboratory species do not necessarily predict the hierarchy of vector performance in other mammals. in mice, after intramuscular immunization, hadv-5 (human adenovirus c) based vectors elicited cellular and humoral a ... | 2015 | 25629523 |
| intestinal flora modification of arthritis pattern in spondyloarthropathy. | the reactive form of spondyloarthropathy appears inducible by exposure to agents of infectious diarrhea, but do those organisms represent the tip of the iceberg, as indicated by renewed interest in gastrointestinal flora? prevalence of spondyloarthropathy (20% of chimpanzees [pan] and 28% of gorillas) is independent of subspecies and species, respectively. however, there are major differences in arthritis patterns, a characteristic shared with humans. | 2015 | 26267718 |
| new insights into the evolution of the human diet from faecal biomarker analysis in wild chimpanzee and gorilla faeces. | our understanding of early human diets is based on reconstructed biomechanics of hominin jaws, bone and teeth isotopic data, tooth wear patterns, lithic, taphonomic and zooarchaeological data, which do not provide information about the relative amounts of different types of foods that contributed most to early human diets. faecal biomarkers are proving to be a valuable tool in identifying relative proportions of plant and animal tissues in palaeolithic diets. a limiting factor in the application ... | 2015 | 26061730 |
| molecular phylogeny of anoplocephalid tapeworms (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) infecting humans and non-human primates. | anoplocephalid tapeworms of the genus bertiella stiles and hassall, 1902 and anoplocephala blanchard, 1848, found in the asian, african and american non-human primates are presumed to sporadic ape-to-man transmissions. variable nuclear (5.8s-its2; 28s rrna) and mitochondrial genes (cox1; nad1) of isolates of anoplocephalids originating from different primates (callicebus oenanthe, gorilla beringei, gorilla gorilla, pan troglodytes and pongo abelii) and humans from various regions (south america, ... | 2015 | 26046952 |
| tool use for food acquisition in a wild mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei). | on may 14, 2013, a wild, human-habituated, juvenile female mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei) in volcanoes national park, rwanda was observed utilizing a tool to acquire food. the young gorilla watched an adult male use his hand to collect ants from a hole in the ground, and then quickly withdrew his hand and move away from the hole, shaking his arm to presumably remove biting ants. the juvenile female engaged in similar behavior, withdrawing her hand covered in ants, and shaking her a ... | 2015 | 25452208 |
| core promoter short tandem repeats as evolutionary switch codes for primate speciation. | alteration in gene expression levels underlies many of the phenotypic differences across species. because of their highly mutable nature, proximity to the +1 transcription start site (tss), and the emerging evidence of functional impact on gene expression, core promoter short tandem repeats (strs) may be considered an ideal source of variation across species. in a genome-scale analysis of the entire homo sapiens protein-coding genes, we have previously identified core promoters with at least one ... | 2015 | 25099915 |
| how much more would knm-wt 15000 have grown? | because of its completeness, the juvenile homo ergaster/erectus knm-wt 15000 has played an important role in studies of the evolution of body form in homo. early attempts to estimate his adult body size used modern human growth models. however, more recent evidence, particularly from the dentition, suggests that he may have had a more chimpanzee-like growth trajectory. here we re-estimate his adult stature and body mass using ontogenetic data derived from four african ape taxa: pan troglodytes t ... | 2015 | 25449954 |
| analysis of the ahr gene proximal promoter ggggc-repeat polymorphism in lung, breast, and colon cancer. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) regulates expression of numerous genes, including those of the cyp1 gene family. with the goal of determining factors that control ahr gene expression, our studies are focused on the role of the short tandem repeat polymorphism, (ggggc)n, located in the proximal promoter of the human ahr gene. when luciferase constructs containing varying ggggc repeats were transfected into cancer cell lines derived from the lung, colon, and breast, the number of ggggc repeats ... | 2015 | 25447411 |
| the timing of spheno-occipital fusion in hominoids. | the degree of spheno-occipital fusion has been used to assign a relative age to dentally mature hominoid cranial specimens. however, a recent study of captive individuals (poe: am j phys anthropol 144 (2011) 162–165) concluded that fusion of the spheno-occipital suture in great ape taxa is of little utility for aging dentally mature individuals. in this contribution, i use dentally mature samples of extant hominoid taxa (homo sapiens, pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, gorilla gorilla gorilla, pong ... | 2015 | 25293964 |
| sharing fruit of treculia africana among western gorillas in the moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon: preliminary report. | we report the first 18 observed cases of fruit (treculia africana) transfer among western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon. the fruit transfer occurred during our observations of a habituated group of gorillas in 2010 and 2013. pieces of the fruits were transferred among adults and immatures, and three cases involved a silverback male. once an individual picked up a fallen fruit of treculia africana, other members of the group approached the pos ... | 2015 | 24962665 |
| handedness for unimanual grasping in 564 great apes: the effect on grip morphology and a comparison with hand use for a bimanual coordinated task. | a number of factors have been proposed to influence within and between species variation in handedness in non-human primates. in the initial study, we assessed the influence of grip morphology on hand use for simple reaching in a sample of 564 great apes including 49 orangutans pongo pygmaeus, 66 gorillas gorilla gorilla, 354 chimpanzees pan troglodytes and 95 bonobos pan paniscus. overall, we found a significant right hand bias for reaching. we also found a significant effect of the grip morpho ... | 2015 | 26635693 |
| western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) birth patterns and human presence in zoological settings. | there is some evidence to suggest that zoo visitors may have a disruptive impact on zoo-housed animals, especially primates. while some consider western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) to be particularly reactive to large crowds, the evidence of these effects is mixed, and is likely highly influenced by exhibit design, and group composition. while the majority of studies have focused on behavioral responses to human presence, there is the potential for physiological effects as well, i ... | 2015 | 26301718 |
| nodular worm infections in wild non-human primates and humans living in the sebitoli area (kibale national park, uganda): do high spatial proximity favor zoonotic transmission? | nodular oesophagostomum genus nematodes are a major public health concern in some african regions because they can be lethal to humans. their relatively high prevalence in people has been described in uganda recently. while non-human primates also harbor oesophagostomum spp., the epidemiology of this oesophagostomosis and the role of these animals as reservoirs of the infection in eastern africa are not yet well documented. | 2015 | 26451592 |
| being a victim or an aggressor: different functions of triadic post-conflict interactions in wolves (canis lupus lupus). | animals adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with the conflict of interests coming from the competition over limited resources. starting from the study on chimpanzees, post-conflict third-party affiliation (the affiliative contact provided by a third-party toward the victim--vta--or the aggressor--ata) was investigated mainly in primates. later, this post-conflict mechanism has been demonstrated also in other mammals, such as wallabies, horses, dolphins, domestic dogs, and wolves. here, ... | 2015 | 25894742 |
| evolutionary growth of certain metabolic pathways involved in the functioning of gad and ins genes in type 1 diabetes mellitus: their architecture and stability. | studying biochemical pathway evolution for diseases is a flourishing area of systems biology. here, we study type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1d), focusing on growth of glutamate, β-alanine, taurine and hypotaurine, and butanoate metabolisms involved in onset of gad and ins genes in homo sapiens with comparative analysis in non-obese diabetic mus musculus, biobreeding diabetes-prone rattus norvegicus, pan troglodytes, oryctolagus cuniculus, danio rerio and drosophila melanogaster respectively. | 2015 | 25862998 |
| recombining without hotspots: a comprehensive evolutionary portrait of recombination in two closely related species of drosophila. | meiotic recombination rate varies across the genome within and between individuals, populations, and species in virtually all taxa studied. in almost every species, this variation takes the form of discrete recombination hotspots, determined in some mammals by a protein called prdm9. hotspots and their determinants have a profound effect on the genomic landscape, and share certain features that extend across the tree of life. drosophila, in contrast, are anomalous in their absence of hotspots, p ... | 2015 | 26430062 |
| feeding ecology of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) inhabiting a forest-mangrove-savanna-agricultural matrix at caiquene-cadique, cantanhez national park, guinea-bissau. | with rising conversion of "natural" habitat to other land use such as agriculture, nonhuman primates are increasingly exploiting areas influenced by people and their activities. despite the conservation importance of understanding the ways in which primates modify their behavior to human pressures, data are lacking, even for well-studied species. using systematically collected data (fecal samples, feeding traces, and direct observations), we examined the diet and feeding strategies of an unhabit ... | 2015 | 25800459 |
| ecological factors influencing habitat use by chimpanzees at ngogo, kibale national park, uganda. | although numerous ecological and social factors influence range use in vertebrates, the general assumption is that ranging patterns typically accord with principles of optimal foraging theory. however, given temporal variability in resource abundance, animals can more easily meet nutritional needs at some times than at others. for species in which sociality is particularly important for fitness, such as chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and other group-living primates, the influences of social facto ... | 2015 | 26670217 |
| forearm articular proportions and the antebrachial index in homo sapiens, australopithecus afarensis and the great apes. | when hominin bipedality evolved, the forearms were free to adopt nonlocomotor tasks which may have resulted in changes to the articular surfaces of the ulna and the relative lengths of the forearm bones. similarly, sex differences in forearm proportions may be more likely to emerge in bipeds than in the great apes given the locomotor constraints in gorilla, pan and pongo. to test these assumptions, ulnar articular proportions and the antebrachial index (radius length/ulna length) in homo sapiens ... | 2015 | 26256651 |
| the role of the antiviral apobec3 gene family in protecting chimpanzees against lentiviruses from monkeys. | cross-species transmissions of viruses from animals to humans are at the origin of major human pathogenic viruses. while the role of ecological and epidemiological factors in the emergence of new pathogens is well documented, the importance of host factors is often unknown. chimpanzees are the closest relatives of humans and the animal reservoir at the origin of the human aids pandemic. however, despite being regularly exposed to monkey lentiviruses through hunting, chimpanzees are naturally inf ... | 2015 | 26394054 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus prevalence among captive chimpanzees, texas, usa, 2012(1). | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in humans and animals is concerning. in 2012, our evaluation of a captive chimpanzee colony in texas revealed mrsa prevalence of 69%. animal care staff should be aware of possible zoonotic mrsa transmission resulting from high prevalence among captive chimpanzees. | 2015 | 26583847 |
| malaria-like symptoms associated with a natural plasmodium reichenowi infection in a chimpanzee. | although plasmodium infections have never been clearly associated with symptoms in non-human primates, the question of the pathogenicity of plasmodium parasites in non-human primates still remains unanswered. a young chimpanzee, followed before and after release to a sanctuary, in a semi-free ranging enclosure located in an equatorial forest, showed fever and strong anaemia associated with a high plasmodium reichenowi infection, shortly after release. the animal recovered from anaemia after seve ... | 2015 | 26032157 |
| a new method for estimating species age supports the coexistence of malaria parasites and their mammalian hosts. | species in the genus plasmodium cause malaria in humans and infect a variety of mammals and other vertebrates. currently, estimated ages for several mammalian plasmodium parasites differ by as much as one order of magnitude, an inaccuracy that frustrates reliable estimation of evolutionary rates of disease-related traits. we developed a novel statistical approach to dating the relative age of evolutionary lineages, based on total least squares regression. we validated this lineage dating approac ... | 2015 | 25589738 |
| improvement of bcg protective efficacy with a novel chimpanzee adenovirus and a modified vaccinia ankara virus both expressing ag85a. | a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus expressing ag85a (chadox1.85a) was assessed, both alone and in combination with modified vaccinia ankara also expressing ag85a (mva85a), for its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against a mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) challenge in mice. naïve and bcg-primed mice were vaccinated or boosted with chadox1.85a and mva85a in different combinations. although intranasally administered chadox1.85a induced strong immune responses in the lungs, it fai ... | 2015 | 26478198 |
| chimpanzee adenovirus- and mva-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory infection in annual epidemics, with infants and the elderly at particular risk of developing severe disease and death. however, despite its importance, no vaccine exists. the chimpanzee adenovirus, panad3-rsv, and modified vaccinia virus ankara, mva-rsv, are replication-defective viral vectors encoding the rsv fusion (f), nucleocapsid (n), and matrix (m2-1) proteins for the induction of humoral and cellular responses. we performed an open-labe ... | 2015 | 26268313 |
| preclinical assessment of viral vectored and protein vaccines targeting the duffy-binding protein region ii of plasmodium vivax. | malaria vaccine development has largely focused on plasmodium falciparum; however, a reawakening to the importance of plasmodium vivax has spurred efforts to develop vaccines against this difficult to treat and at times severe form of relapsing malaria, which constitutes a significant proportion of human malaria cases worldwide. the almost complete dependence of p. vivax red blood cell invasion on the interaction of the p. vivax duffy-binding protein region ii (pvdbp_rii) with the human duffy an ... | 2015 | 26217340 |
| mucosal delivery of a vectored rsv vaccine is safe and elicits protective immunity in rodents and nonhuman primates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. no vaccine is presently available to address this major unmet medical need. we generated a new genetic vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and modified vaccinia ankara rsv (mva-rsv) encoding the f, n, and m2-1 proteins of rsv, for the induction of neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immunity. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, we compare ... | 2015 | 26015988 |
| kinetics of genetic variation of the mycoplasma genitalium mg192 gene in experimentally infected chimpanzees. | mycoplasma genitalium, a human pathogen associated with sexually transmitted diseases, is capable of causing chronic infections, though mechanisms for persistence remain unclear. previous studies have found that variation of the mgpa operon occurs by recombination of repetitive chromosomal sequences (known as mgpars) into the mg191 and mg192 genes carried on this operon, which may lead to antigenic variation and immune evasion. in this study, we determined the kinetics of mg192 sequence variatio ... | 2015 | 26712208 |
| whole genome sequence analysis of mycobacterium suricattae. | tuberculosis occurs in various mammalian hosts and is caused by a range of different lineages of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). a recently described member, mycobacterium suricattae, causes tuberculosis in meerkats (suricata suricatta) in southern africa and preliminary genetic analysis showed this organism to be closely related to an mtbc pathogen of rock hyraxes (procavia capensis), the dassie bacillus. here we make use of whole genome sequencing to describe the evolution of th ... | 2015 | 26542221 |
| draft genome sequences of mycobacterium bovis bz 31150 and mycobacterium bovis b2 7505, pathogenic bacteria isolated from archived captive animal bronchial washes and human sputum samples in uganda. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), a zoonotic infection of cattle caused by mycobacterium bovis, results in losses of $3 billion to the global agricultural industry and represents the fourth most important livestock disease worldwide. m. bovis as a source of human infection is likely underreported due to the culture medium conditions used to isolate the organism from sputum or other sample sources. we report here the draft genome sequences of m. bovis bz 31150, isolated from a bronchial washing from a c ... | 2015 | 26450718 |
| noninvasive test for tuberculosis detection among primates. | traditional testing methods have limited epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis among free-living primates. pcr amplification of insertion element is6110 of mycobacterium tuberculosis from fecal samples was evaluated as a noninvasive screening test for tuberculosis in primates. active tuberculosis was detected among inoculated macaques and naturally exposed chimpanzees, demonstrating the utility of this test. | 2015 | 25695329 |
| a novel locus of resistance to severe malaria in a region of ancient balancing selection. | the high prevalence of sickle haemoglobin in africa shows that malaria has been a major force for human evolutionary selection, but surprisingly few other polymorphisms have been proven to confer resistance to malaria in large epidemiological studies. to address this problem, we conducted a multi-centre genome-wide association study (gwas) of life-threatening plasmodium falciparum infection (severe malaria) in over 11,000 african children, with replication data in a further 14,000 individuals. h ... | 2015 | 26416757 |
| the plasmodium gaboni genome illuminates allelic dimorphism of immunologically important surface antigens in p. falciparum. | in the deadly human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, several major merozoite surface proteins (msps) show a striking pattern of allelic diversity called allelic dimorphism (ad). in ad, the vast majority of observed alleles fall into two highly divergent allelic classes, with recombinant alleles being rare or not observed, presumably due to repression by natural selection (recombination suppression, or rs). the three ad loci, merozoite surface proteins (msps) 1, 2, and 6, along with msp3, ... | 2015 | 26296605 |
| a cautionary note on fecal sampling and molecular epidemiology in predatory wild great apes. | fecal samples are an important source of information on parasites (viruses, prokaryotes, or eukaryotes) infecting wild great apes. molecular analysis of fecal samples has already been used for deciphering the origins of major human pathogens such as hiv-1 or plasmodium falciparum. however, for apes that hunt (chimpanzees and bonobos), detection of parasite nucleic acids may reflect either true infection of the host of interest or ingestion of an infected prey, for example, another non-human prim ... | 2015 | 26031302 |
| prime-boost vaccination with chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia ankara encoding trap provides partial protection against plasmodium falciparum infection in kenyan adults. | protective immunity to the liver stage of the malaria parasite can be conferred by vaccine-induced t cells, but no subunit vaccination approach based on cellular immunity has shown efficacy in field studies. we randomly allocated 121 healthy adult male volunteers in kilifi, kenya, to vaccination with the recombinant viral vectors chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (chad63) and modified vaccinia ankara (mva), both encoding the malaria peptide sequence me-trap (the multiple epitope string and thrombospondin ... | 2015 | 25947165 |
| diversity of malaria parasites in great apes in gabon. | until 2009, the laverania subgenus counted only two representatives: plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium reichenowi. the recent development of non-invasive methods allowed re-exploration of plasmodial diversity in african apes. although a large number of great ape populations have now been studied regarding plasmodium infections in africa, there are still vast areas of their distribution that remained unexplored. gabon constitutes an important part of the range of western central african great ... | 2015 | 25889049 |
| [from malaria parasite point of view--plasmodium falciparum evolution]. | malaria is caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus plasmodium, which have arguably exerted the greatest selection pressure on humans in the history of our species. besides humans, different plasmodium parasites infect a wide range of animal hosts, from marine invertebrates to primates. on the other hand, individual plasmodium species show high host specificity. the extraordinary evolution of plasmodium probably began when a free-living red algae turned parasitic, and ... | 2015 | 27259224 |
| [diversity of faecal bacteria in several mammals by 454 high-throughput sequencing]. | the aim of this study was to analyze the diversities and differences of several mammalian' s faecal bacteria, to understand the relationships between bacterium diversities and animals' evolutionary and animals' feeds. | 2015 | 26562992 |
| a diverse group of small circular ssdna viral genomes in human and non-human primate stools. | viral metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis from the us revealed the presence of small circular ssdna viral genomes encoding a replication initiator protein (rep). viral genomes were ∼2.5 kb in length, with bi-directionally oriented rep and capsid (cap) encoding genes and a stem loop structure downstream of rep. several genomes showed evidence of recombination. by digital screening of an in-house virome database (1.04 billion reads) using blast, we iden ... | 2015 | 27774288 |
| oxytocin receptor gene sequences in owl monkeys and other primates show remarkable interspecific regulatory and protein coding variation. | the oxytocin (ot) hormone pathway is involved in numerous physiological processes, and one of its receptor genes (oxtr) has been implicated in pair bonding behavior in mammalian lineages. this observation is important for understanding social monogamy in primates, which occurs in only a small subset of taxa, including azara's owl monkey (aotus azarae). to examine the potential relationship between social monogamy and oxtr variation, we sequenced its 5' regulatory (4936bp) and coding (1167bp) reg ... | 2015 | 26025428 |
| species specificities among primates probed with commercially available fluorescence-based multiplex pcr typing kits. | to assess species specificities among primates of signals from short tandem repeat (str) loci included in two commercially available kits, mainly the ampflstr identifiler kit and additionally the geneprint powerplex 16 system, we analyzed 69 dna samples from 22 nonhuman primate species representing apes, old world monkeys (owms), new world monkeys (nwms), and prosimians. each prosimian species and the nwm cotton-top tamarin apparently lacked all str loci probed. only one peak, the amelogenin-x p ... | 2015 | 25899252 |
| could plant extracts have enabled hominins to acquire honey before the control of fire? | honey is increasingly recognized as an important food item in human evolution, but it remains unclear whether extinct hominins could have overcome the formidable collective stinging defenses of honey bees during honey acquisition. the utility of smoke for this purpose is widely recognized, but little research has explored alternative methods of sting deterrence such as the use of plant secondary compounds. to consider whether hominins could have used plant extracts as a precursor or alternative ... | 2015 | 26145789 |
| ubiquiter circovirus sequences raise challenges in laboratory diagnosis: the case of honey bee and bee mite, reptiles, and free living amoebae. | circoviruses of pigs and birds are established pathogens, however, the exact role of other, recently described circoviruses and circovirus-like viruses remains to be elucidated. the aim of this study was the detection of circoviruses in neglected host species, including honey bees, exotic reptiles and free-living amoebae by widely used broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays specific for the replication initiation protein coding gene of these viruses. the majority of sequences obta ... | 2015 | 25823454 |
| wild chimpanzees are infected by trypanosoma brucei. | although wild chimpanzees and other african great apes live in regions endemic for african sleeping sickness, very little is known about their trypanosome infections, mainly due to major difficulties in obtaining their blood samples. in present work, we established a diagnostic its1-based pcr assay that allows detection of the dna of all four trypanosoma brucei subspecies (trypanosoma brucei brucei, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and trypanosoma brucei evansi) in f ... | 2015 | 26110113 |
| screening wild and semi-free ranging great apes for putative sexually transmitted diseases: evidence of trichomonadidae infections. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) can persist endemically, are known to cause sterility and infant mortality in humans, and could have similar impacts in wildlife populations. african apes (i.e., chimpanzees, bonobos, and to a lesser extent gorillas) show multi-male mating behavior that could offer opportunities for std transmission, yet little is known about the prevalence and impact of stds in this endangered primate group. we used serology and pcr-based detection methods to screen biologic ... | 2015 | 26119266 |
| streptococcus panodentis sp. nov. from the oral cavities of chimpanzees. | three strains tku9, tku49 and tku50(t) , were isolated from the oral cavities of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). the isolates were all gram-positive, facultative anaerobic cocci that lacked catalase activity. analysis of partial 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the most closely related species was streptococcus infantis (96.7%). the next most closely related species to the isolates were s. rubneri, s. mitis, s. peroris and s. australis (96.6 to 96.4%). based on the rpob and gyrb gene sequences ... | 2015 | 26242550 |
| strongly bonded family members in common marmosets show synchronized fluctuations in oxytocin. | oxytocin is a key regulator of social bonding and is positively linked to affiliation and prosocial behavior in several mammal species. in chimpanzees, this link is dyad-specific as affiliative interactions only elicit high oxytocin release if they involve strongly bonded individuals. these studies involved isolated dyads and sampling events. little is known about the role of oxytocin in affiliation and social bonding, and about potential long-term patterns of bonding-related and dyad-specific o ... | 2015 | 26232089 |
| behavioral and trait rating assessments of personality in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the study of personality in animals is a rapidly growing scientific field and numerous species have been reported to show consistent personality profiles. much animal personality research has focused on nonhuman primates, with the main emphasis being placed on old world primates, particularly rhesus macaques and chimpanzees. so far, little work has been done on cooperatively breeding nonhuman primates and new world species. here, we study personality in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset ... | 2015 | 26075516 |
| comparative analysis of meissner's corpuscles in the fingertips of primates. | meissner's corpuscles (mcs) are tactile mechanoreceptors found in the glabrous skin of primates, including fingertips. these receptors are characterized by sensitivity to light touch, and therefore might be associated with the evolution of manipulative abilities of the hands in primates. we examined mcs in different primate species, including common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, n = 5), baboon (papio anubis, n = 2), rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta, n = 3), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes, n = 3), bon ... | 2015 | 26053332 |
| percussive tool use by taï western chimpanzees and fazenda boa vista bearded capuchin monkeys: a comparison. | percussive tool use holds special interest for scientists concerned with human origins. we summarize the findings from two field sites, taï and fazenda boa vista, where percussive tool use by chimpanzees and bearded capuchins, respectively, has been extensively investigated. we describe the ecological settings in which nut-cracking occurs and focus on four aspects of nut-cracking that have important cognitive implications, namely selection of tools, tool transport, tool modification and modulati ... | 2015 | 26483529 |
| tractography of the spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi) corpus callosum using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. | the objective of this research was to describe the organization, connectivity and microstructure of the corpus callosum of the spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi). non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging were obtained from three subjects using a 3t philips scanner. we hypothesized that the arrangement of fibers in spider monkeys would be similar to that observed in other non-human primates. a repeated measure (n = 3) of fractional anisotropy values was obtained of each ... | 2015 | 25693078 |
| co-evolution of mhc class i and variable nk cell receptors in placental mammals. | shaping natural killer (nk) cell functions in human immunity and reproduction are diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kirs) that recognize polymorphic mhc class i determinants. a survey of placental mammals suggests that kirs serve as variable nk cell receptors only in certain primates and artiodactyls. divergence of the functional and variable kirs in primates and artiodactyls predates placental reproduction. among artiodactyls, cattle but not pigs have diverse kirs. catarrhine ( ... | 2015 | 26284483 |
| molecular characterization, polymorphism, and association of porcine gadd45g gene. | growth arrest and dna-damage-inducible gamma (gadd45g) is a reproduction related gene. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of porcine gadd45g gene was cloned through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the porcine gadd45g gene encodes a protein of 159 amino acids that shares high homology with the gadd45g of nine species: chimpanzee (97%), sumatran orangutan (97%), white-tufted-ear marmoset (97%), northern white-cheeked gibbon (97%), cattle (97%), human (97%), rhesus monkey ... | 2015 | 25927170 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of adrenergic receptor beta 2 (adrb2) gene before and after exercise in the horse. | the adrenergic receptor beta 2 (adrb2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse adrb2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, co ... | 2015 | 25924960 |
| collection of chimpanzee semen with an artificial vagina. | 2015 | 4349887 | |
| [musculus rectus labii and its significance for the lip mobility of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)]. | 2015 | 4451282 | |
| choroid plexitis and encephalitis in a chimpanzee. | 2015 | 4732068 | |
| the incidence of poliovirus in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | 2015 | 4315780 | |
| transmission of experimental subacute spongiform encephalopathy (creutzfeldzt-jakob disease) from chimpanzee to chimpanzee. | 2015 | 4611512 | |
| a distinctive cytoplasmic tail contributes to low surface expression and intracellular retention of the patr-al mhc class i molecule. | chimpanzees have orthologs of the six fixed, functional human mhc class i genes. but, in addition, the chimpanzee has a seventh functional gene, patr-al, which is not polymorphic but contributes substantially to population diversity by its presence on only 50% of mhc haplotypes. the ancestral al gene emerged long before the separation of human and chimpanzee ancestors and then subsequently and specifically lost function during human evolution, but was maintained in chimpanzees. patr-al is an all ... | 2015 | 26371256 |
| comparative assessment of transmission-blocking vaccine candidates against plasmodium falciparum. | malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) target the development of plasmodium parasites within the mosquito, with the aim of preventing malaria transmission from one infected individual to another. different vaccine platforms, mainly protein-in-adjuvant formulations delivering the leading candidate antigens, have been developed independently and have reported varied transmission-blocking activities (tba). here, recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus 63, chad63, and modified vaccinia virus ankara ... | 2015 | 26063320 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of non-sexually transmitted strains of haemophilus ducreyi. | haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of chancroid, has been previously reported to show genetic variance in several key virulence factors, placing strains of the bacterium into two genetically distinct classes. recent studies done in yaws-endemic areas of the south pacific have shown that h. ducreyi is also a major cause of cutaneous limb ulcers (clu) that are not sexually transmitted. to genetically assess clu strains relative to the previously described class i, class ii phylogenetic hiera ... | 2015 | 25774793 |
| contrasted patterns of variation and evolutionary convergence at the antiviral oas1 gene in old world primates. | the oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (oas1) enzyme acts as an innate sensor of viral infection and plays a major role in the defense against a wide diversity of viruses. polymorphisms at oas1 have been shown to correlate with differential susceptibility to several infections of great public health significance, including hepatitis c virus, sars coronavirus, and west nile virus. population genetics analyses in hominoids have revealed interesting evolutionary patterns. in central african chimpanzee, oa ... | 2015 | 26156123 |
| oases and sting: adaptive evolution in concert. | oas (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthases) proteins and cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas, gene symbol: mb21d1) patrol the cytoplasm for the presence of foreign nucleic acids. upon binding to double-stranded rna or double-stranded dna, oas proteins and cgas produce nucleotide second messengers to activate rnase l and sting (stimulator of interferon genes, gene symbol: tmem173), respectively; this leads to the initiation of antiviral responses. we analyzed the evolutionary history of the mb21d1-tmem173 and ... | 2015 | 25752600 |
| the default mode network in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) is similar to that of humans. | the human default mode network (dmn), comprising medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, lateral parietal cortex, and medial temporal cortex, is highly metabolically active at rest but deactivates during most focused cognitive tasks. the dmn and social cognitive networks overlap significantly in humans. we previously demonstrated that chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) show highest resting metabolic brain activity in the cortical midline areas of the human dmn. human dmn is d ... | 2015 | 24046078 |
| factors that drive variation among gut microbial communities. | surveys of humans from around the world have revealed differences in gut microbiota composition among geographically separated populations. but because humans from the same regions often share common ancestry as well as dietary and cultural habits, most studies have not been able to differentiate among the effects of heritable factors and external factors on the composition of the gut microbiota. here we discuss how the analysis of gut microbial communities of chimpanzees residing in gombe strea ... | 2015 | 23941900 |
| ape malaria transmission and potential for ape-to-human transfers in africa. | recent studies have highlighted the large diversity of malaria parasites infecting african great apes (subgenus laverania) and their strong host specificity. although the existence of genetic incompatibilities preventing the cross-species transfer may explain host specificity, the existence of vectors with a high preference for a determined host represents another possibility. to test this hypothesis, we undertook a 15-mo-long longitudinal entomological survey in two forest regions of gabon, whe ... | 2016 | 27071123 |
| safety and high level efficacy of the combination malaria vaccine regimen of rts,s/as01b with chimpanzee adenovirus 63 and modified vaccinia ankara vectored vaccines expressing me-trap. | the need for a highly efficacious vaccine against plasmodium falciparum remains pressing. in this controlled human malaria infection (chmi) study, we assessed the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of a schedule combining 2 distinct vaccine types in a staggered immunization regimen: one inducing high-titer antibodies to circumsporozoite protein (rts,s/as01b) and the other inducing potent t-cell responses to thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (trap) by using a viral vector. | 2016 | 27307573 |
| genomes of cryptic chimpanzee plasmodium species reveal key evolutionary events leading to human malaria. | african apes harbour at least six plasmodium species of the subgenus laverania, one of which gave rise to human plasmodium falciparum. here we use a selective amplification strategy to sequence the genome of chimpanzee parasites classified as plasmodium reichenowi and plasmodium gaboni based on the subgenomic fragments. genome-wide analyses show that these parasites indeed represent distinct species, with no evidence of cross-species mating. both p. reichenowi and p. gaboni are 10-fold more dive ... | 2016 | 27002652 |
| modification of the effects of chlorpromazine on behavior in the chimpanzee. | 2016 | 4823295 | |
| protocultural aspects of chimpanzees' responsiveness to novel objects. | 2016 | 5031297 | |
| peripheral nerve injuries: a comparative study of the anatomical and functional results following primary nerve repair in chimpanzees. | 2016 | 4967468 | |
| schistosomiasis mansoni in the chimpanzee. the natural history of chronic infections after single and multiple exposures. | 2016 | 4910119 | |
| functional analysis of the upstream regulatory region of chicken mir-17-92 cluster. | mir-17-92 cluster plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, animal development and tumorigenesis. the transcriptional regulation of mir-17-92 cluster has been extensively studied in mammals, but not in birds. to date, avian mir-17-92 cluster genomic structure has not been fully determined. the promoter location and sequence of mir-17-92 cluster have not been determined, due to the existence of a genomic gap sequence upstream of mir-17-92 cluster in all the birds wh ... | 2016 | 27531611 |
| mutation/snp analysis in ef-hand calcium binding domain of mitochondrial ca[formula: see text] uptake 1 gene in bipolar disorder patients. | calcium signaling is important for synaptic plasticity, generation of brain rhythms, regulating neuronal excitability, data processing and cognition. impairment in calcium homeostasis contributed to the development of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (bp). mcu is the most important calcium transporter in mitochondria inner membrane responsible for influx of ca[formula: see text]. micu1 is linked with mcu and has two canonical ef hands that are vital for its activity and regulates m ... | 2016 | 27297032 |
| evaluation of oasis qsar models using toxcast™ in vitro estrogen and androgen receptor binding data and application in an integrated endocrine screening approach. | integrative testing strategies (itss) for potential endocrine activity can use tiered in silico and in vitro models. each component of an its should be thoroughly assessed. | 2016 | 27152837 |
| next generation sequencing (ngs) database for tandem repeats with multiple pattern 2°-shaft multicore string matching. | next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have been rapidly applied in biomedical and biological research in recent years. to provide the comprehensive ngs resource for the research, in this paper , we have considered 10 loci/codi/repeats taga, tcat, gaat, agat, agaa, gata, tatc, cttt, tctg and tcta. then we developed the ngs tandem repeat database (tandemrepeatdb) for all the chromosomes of homo sapiens, callithrix jacchus, chlorocebus sabaeus, gorilla gorilla, macaca fascicularis, macaca m ... | 2016 | 26981434 |
| a longitudinal analysis of the effects of age on the blood plasma metabolome in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. | primates tend to be long-lived for their size with humans being the longest lived of all primates. there are compelling reasons to understand the underlying age-related processes that shape human lifespan. but the very fact of our long lifespan that makes it so compelling, also makes it especially difficult to study. thus, in studies of aging, researchers have turned to non-human primate models, including chimpanzees, baboons, and rhesus macaques. more recently, the common marmoset, callithrix j ... | 2016 | 26805607 |