Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| multiscale analysis of the murine intestine for modeling human diseases. | when functioning properly, the intestine is one of the key interfaces between the human body and its environment. it is responsible for extracting nutrients from our food and excreting our waste products. it provides an environment for a host of healthful microbes and serves as a first defense against pathogenic ones. these processes require tight homeostatic controls, which are provided by the interactions of a complex mix of epithelial, stromal, neural and immune cells, as well as the resident ... | 2015 | 26040649 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: just a fancy trend? | the risks and advantages of the administration of fecal material of healthy people to patients are heavily debated. in adults, recurrent clostridium difficile has become an accepted indication. in addition to all of the possible indications, many other questions need to be answered before pediatric indications and recommendations can be established. optimal donor selection, fresh versus frozen stools versus capsules containing only microbiota, volume, and route of administration are just a few e ... | 2015 | 25905546 |
| impact of clinical awareness and diagnostic tests on the underdiagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | a multicenter study of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) performed during 2008 in spain revealed that two of every three episodes went undiagnosed or were misdiagnosed owing to nonsensitive diagnostic tests or lack of clinical suspicion and request. since then, efforts have been made to improve the diagnostic tests used by laboratories and to increase the awareness of this disease among both clinicians and microbiologists. our objective was to evaluate the impact of these efforts by assessin ... | 2015 | 25904126 |
| bacteremia antibiotic length actually needed for clinical effectiveness (balance): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. | bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill adults. no previous randomized controlled trials have directly compared shorter versus longer durations of antimicrobial treatment in these patients. | 2015 | 25903783 |
| economic burden of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: a cost-of-illness study from a german tertiary care hospital. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhoea. in the context of the german health-care system, direct and indirect costs of an initial episode of cdad and of cdad recurrence are currently unknown. | 2015 | 26123227 |
| variability in antibiotic use across nursing homes and the risk of antibiotic-related adverse outcomes for individual residents. | antibiotics are frequently and often inappropriately prescribed to patients in nursing homes. these antibiotics pose direct risks to recipients and indirect risks to others residing in the home. | 2015 | 26121537 |
| pediatric severe pseudomembranous enteritis treated with fecal microbiota transplantation in a 13-month-old infant. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a procedure used to restore the intestinal microbiota of a diseased individual using indigenous intestinal microorganisms from a healthy donor. the current case report presents the first case of a 13-month-old male with severe pseudomembranous enteritis (pme) treated with fmt. the infant was admitted to shanghai children's hospital with a 2-month history of diarrhea, and a 1.5-month history of retractable edema, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte disturbance a ... | 2015 | 25798243 |
| healthcare-associated pathogens and nursing home policies and practices: results from a national survey. | objective to examine the prevalence of healthcare-associated pathogens and the infection control policies and practices in a national sample of nursing homes (nhs). methods in 2012, we conducted a national survey about the extent to which nhs follow suggested infection control practices with regard to 3 common healthcare-associated pathogens: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, clostridium difficile, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and their prevalence in nhs. we adapted a ... | 2015 | 25797334 |
| metronidazole toxicity presenting with acute onset of aphasia and right sided weakness. | we report a 37-year-old man with a history of cirrhosis and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) bacteremia who presented from a nursing home with 1 week of progressive confusion followed by acute onset of aphasia, forced left eye deviation and right sided weakness. while clinical presentation was concerning for a left middle cerebral artery stroke, mri was consistent with leukoencephalopathy. the man had been on metronidazole for 2 months for treatment of clostridium difficile inf ... | 2015 | 25796956 |
| multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen panels: implications for infection control. | in the acute care hospital inpatient setting, there is a wide variety of causes for both infectious and noninfectious diarrhea. however, without molecular assays for the wide range of agents causing gastroenteritis, there is no reliable way to determine which individuals should be placed in contact precautions, as recommended by cdc. we tested 158 inpatient diarrheal stool specimens with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut, usa) that had been stored at -70°c after tes ... | 2015 | 25796558 |
| performance of the present-on-admission indicator for clostridium difficile infection. | the performance of a hospital- and community-onset clostridium difficile infection definition using administrative data with a present-on-admission indicator was compared with definitions using clinical surveillance. for hospital-onset c. difficile infection, there was moderate sensitivity (68%) and high specificity (93%); for community-onset, sensitivity and specificity were high (both 85%). | 2015 | 25792197 |
| is clostridium difficile infection an increasingly common severe disease in adult intensive care units? a 10-year experience. | despite the high concentration of patients with known risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in intensive care units (icus), data on icu patients are scarce. the aim of this study was describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and evolution of cdi in critically ill patients. | 2015 | 25791766 |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults--reply. | 2015 | 25988472 | |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults. | 2015 | 25988470 | |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults. | 2015 | 25988469 | |
| contribution of clostridium difficile infection to the development of lower gastrointestinal adverse events during autologous stem cell transplantation. | lower gastrointestinal (gi) adverse events (lgae) are common afflictions of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (sct). unfortunately, the pathophysiology remains poorly characterized. emerging data suggest a prominent role of intestinal microbiota; however, contributions of pathogenic gut microbiota such as clostridium difficile are not well defined. we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) to investigate clinical and genetic factors associated with development of lgae. | 2015 | 25988273 |
| case of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis. | a case of staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis (sec) misdiagnosed as toxin-negative clostridium difficile is reported. | 2015 | 25987689 |
| risk factors for acquisition and loss of clostridium difficile colonization in hospitalized patients. | asymptomatic colonization may contribute to clostridium difficile transmission. few data identify which patients are at risk for colonization. we performed a prospective cohort study of c. difficile colonization and risk factors for c. difficile acquisition and loss in hospitalized patients. patients admitted to medical or surgical wards at a tertiary care hospital were enrolled; interviews and chart review were performed to determine patient demographics, c. difficile infection (cdi) history, m ... | 2015 | 25987626 |
| amoxicillin plus temocillin as an alternative empiric therapy for the treatment of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia: results from a retrospective audit. | a formulary decision was made at a large provider of acute hospital services in surrey to replace piperacillin/tazobactam with amoxicillin+temocillin for the empiric treatment of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia. this decision was made because the use of broad-spectrum-β-lactam antibiotics is a known risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and for the selection of resistance. after the antibiotic formulary was changed, a retrospective audit was conducted to assess the effect of t ... | 2015 | 25987247 |
| the risks of incident and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the risks of incident and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) and end-stage renal disease (esrd) requiring dialysis. | 2015 | 25986528 |
| hospitalized patients with cirrhosis should be screened for clostridium difficile colitis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an important public health problem in hospitalized patients. patients with cirrhosis are particularly at risk of increased associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization from cdi. | 2015 | 25986524 |
| healthcare workers' decision-making about transmission-based infection control precautions is improved by a guidance summary card. | transmission-based precautions (tbps) are infection control measures designed to interrupt pathogen transmission. success relies on early recognition of patients with potentially infectious syndromes, then the implementation of appropriate tbps. we are aware of no literature evaluating interventions to facilitate healthcare workers (hcws) in implementing tbps. | 2015 | 25986167 |
| increasing ultraviolet light exposure is associated with reduced mortality from clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasingly common cause of inpatient mortality. vitamin d deficiency is associated with more aggressive cdi. we aimed to determine if average annual ultraviolet light (uv) exposure was associated with mortality in patients with cdi. | 2015 | 25984339 |
| [selected aspects of clostridium difficile infection]. | clostridium difficile pathogen is a cause of the most frequent nosocomial infection, which is antibiotic-associated diarrhea. antibiotic treatment causes disruption of the microbiome balance, which makes the gut a friendly environment for the pathogen. it leads to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and even death. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is particularly dangerous to elderly patients, leading to the highest mortality rate. c. difficile is equipped with many virulence factors ... | 2015 | 25983298 |
| is tigecycline a suitable option for clostridium difficile infection? evidence from the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become the most frequent cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea in developed countries, causing an increase in mortality, recurrences or treatment failure. in the search for new and more effective drugs, researchers recently turned their attention to tigecycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the glycylglycine class available as an intravenous formulation for human use, which has also shown in vitro activity against c. difficile. we performed a litera ... | 2015 | 25982915 |
| update on fecal microbiota transplantation 2015: indications, methodologies, mechanisms, and outlook. | the community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health and functions with a level of complexity comparable to that of an organ system. alterations of this ecology (or dysbiosis) have been implicated in a number of disease states, and the prototypical example is clostridium difficile infection (cdi). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been demonstrated to durably alter the gut microbiota of the recipient and has shown efficacy in the treatment of patien ... | 2015 | 25982290 |
| clostridium sordellii genome analysis reveals plasmid localized toxin genes encoded within pathogenicity loci. | clostridium sordellii can cause severe infections in animals and humans, the latter associated with trauma, toxic shock and often-fatal gynaecological infections. strains can produce two large clostridial cytotoxins (lccs), tcsl and tcsh, related to those produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium novyi and clostridium perfringens, but the genetic basis of toxin production remains uncharacterised. | 2015 | 25981746 |
| the emergence of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 001 in slovakia. | the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) and to characterise the isolates in 14 departments of ten academic hospitals in slovakia. | 2015 | 25981433 |
| ecological effect of ceftazidime/avibactam on the normal human intestinal microbiota. | ceftazidime/avibactam is a new combination of the antibiotic ceftazidime with the novel, non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ceftazidime/avibactam on the human intestinal microbiota following intravenous (i.v.) administration. twelve healthy volunteers received ceftazidime/avibactam by i.v. infusion (2000mg ceftazidime and 500mg avibactam) given over 2h every 8h on days 1-6 (inclusive) and a single dose on day 7. faecal ... | 2015 | 25979639 |
| crossing the quality chasm for clostridium difficile infection prevention. | 2015 | 25979001 | |
| leukemoid reaction to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are increasing in incidence and severity. leukemoid reaction is rarely seen with cdi, and indicates severe disease with grave prognosis. we present an elderly female who developed leukemoid reaction in response to cdi. the patient died despite early antibiotic therapy with surgical evaluation. | 2015 | 25978982 |
| common questions about the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. | common questions that arise regarding treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) include which medications are most effective, when surgery may be indicated, which patients should be screened for barrett esophagus and helicobacter pylori infection, and which adverse effects occur with these medications. proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are the most effective medical therapy, and all ppis provide similar relief of gerd symptoms. there is insufficient evidence to recommend testing for h. pyl ... | 2015 | 25978198 |
| dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens. | diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ... | 2015 | 25978092 |
| characteristics and antibiotic use associated with short-term risk of clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been shown to have an excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). little is known about risk factors for cdi within 14 days of an initial negative test. we sought to determine the characteristics among hospitalized patients associated with risk of short-term acquisition of cdi. | 2015 | 25972333 |
| comparison of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of fidaxomicin in healthy japanese and caucasian subjects. | fidaxomicin treatment of clostridium difficile infection is known to produce minimal systemic exposure, as the antibacterial (antibiotic) remains primarily in the gut. in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of fidaxomicin were evaluated in healthy japanese and caucasian subjects. | 2015 | 25972286 |
| incidence and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | recent changes in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) include the identification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) as a group at risk in comparison to the general population. | 2015 | 25970947 |
| different dynamic patterns of β-lactams, quinolones, glycopeptides and macrolides on mouse gut microbial diversity. | the adverse impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota has attracted extensive interest, particularly due to the development of microbiome research techniques in recent years. however, a direct comparison of the dynamic effects of various types of antibiotics using the same animal model has not been available. in the present study, we selected six antibiotics from four categories with the broadest clinical usage, namely, β-lactams (ceftriaxone sodium, cefoperazone/sulbactam and meropenem), quin ... | 2015 | 25970622 |
| [economic burden of clostridium difficile enterocolitis in german hospitals based on routine drg data]. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (cdad) is not only a increasing medical but also economical problem. | 2015 | 25965986 |
| rna-based fluorescent biosensors for live cell imaging of second messenger cyclic di-amp. | cyclic di-amp (cdia) is a second messenger predicted to be widespread in gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria, and archaea. in the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes, cdia is an essential molecule that regulates metabolic function and cell wall homeostasis, and decreased levels of cdia result in increased antibiotic susceptibility. we have generated fluorescent biosensors for cdia through fusion of the spinach2 aptamer to ligand-binding domains of cdia riboswitches. the biosens ... | 2015 | 25965978 |
| clostridium difficile toxin testing by national health service (nhs) acute trusts in england: 2008-2013. | in october 2007, a governmental 3-year target to reduce clostridium difficile infection (cdi) by 30%, with financial penalties levied for failure, was introduced in england. this target was met within just 1 year, leading to speculation of 'gaming', with hospitals empirically treating possible cdi in the absence of a microbiological diagnosis, to avoid having to report confirmed cases. an analysis of aggregate mandatory data on levels of testing for c. difficile toxin showed little evidence of a ... | 2015 | 25964154 |
| [use of fecal microbial transplantations for disease states in israel]. | the enteric microbial population (microbiota) has a tremendous impact on our health and multiple disease states are associated with an alteration of the enteric microbial profile. it has been suggested that fecal microbial transplantation (fmt)--a transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to a sick person, may be beneficial for the treatment of certain diseases such as obesity, diabetes and inflammatory bowel diseases. currently, this treatment has been approved in israel, as well as in ... | 2015 | 25962241 |
| chemical communication in the gut: effects of microbiota-generated metabolites on gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. | gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize a host, not the least of which is the presence of the gut microbiota, the trillions of commensal microorganisms inhabiting mammals' digestive tracts, and their products. it is well established that a healthy gut microbiota provides its host with protection from numerous pathogens, including salmonella species, clostridium difficile, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae. conversely, pathogenic ... | 2015 | 25958185 |
| optimizing diagnostic testing for clostridium difficile: the perceptions of physicians and nurses on when to order testing for c difficile. | physicians and nurses at a single hospital were surveyed on which risk factors were most important in deciding to order clostridium difficile diagnostic testing. disagreement between physicians and nurses on the relative importance of several of the risk factors warrants further investigation. | 2015 | 25957816 |
| occurrence of clostridium difficile in two types of wastewater treatment plants. | wastewater is a potential environmental source of clostridium difficile, although a direct link with community-acquired c. difficile infection (ca-cdi) in humans has not yet been established. the present study was performed to determine the occurrence of c. difficile in two types of wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) in isfahan, iran. a total of 95 samples were taken from a conventional activated sludge treatment plant and a waste stabilization ponds system, and analyzed for the presence of c. ... | 2015 | 25957122 |
| what's the clinical features of colitis in elderly people in long-term care facilities? | as life expectancy has increased, the number of elderly patients who need long-term care has grown rapidly. mortality in patients with colitis in long-term care facilities (ltcfs) is increasing. we intend to investigate the main causes of colitis in ltcfs compared to those of colitis in local communities, and to identify the clinical features and risk factors of patients with colitis in ltcfs. | 2015 | 25931997 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection: from colonization to cure. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly prevalent, dangerous and challenging to prevent and manage. despite intense national and international attention the incidence of primary and of recurrent cdi (pcdi and rcdi, respectively) have risen rapidly throughout the past decade. of major concern is the increase in cases of rcdi resulting in substantial morbidity, morality and economic burden. rcdi management remains challenging as there is no uniformly effective therapy, no firm consen ... | 2015 | 25930686 |
| extrachromosomal and integrated genetic elements in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen, causing gastrointestinal disease in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. this bacterium contains many extrachromosomal and integrated genetic elements, with recent genomic work giving new insights into their variability and distribution. this review summarises research conducted in this area over the last 30 years and includes a discussion on the functional contributions of these elements to host cell phenotypes, as well as encompassing re ... | 2015 | 25929174 |
| co-infection as a confounder for the role of clostridium difficile infection in children with diarrhoea: a summary of the literature. | although clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in adults, the incidence and severity of c. difficile infection (cdi) in children is unclear. one complicating factor in assessing the role of cdi in children is the possibility of co-infection with other gastrointestinal pathogens. in this review, we summarise the literature concerning c. difficile co-infections in young children, in an attempt to discuss the rate of co-infections and their potential role in the ... | 2015 | 25926302 |
| recurrence of dual-strain clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is still a major challenge to healthcare facilities. the detection of multiple c. difficile strains has been reported in some patient samples during initial and recurrent cdi episodes. however, the behaviour of individual strains and their contribution to symptomatic disease is unclear. | 2015 | 25925596 |
| incidence and nature of adverse reactions to antibiotics used as endocarditis prophylaxis. | antibiotic prophylaxis (ap) administration prior to invasive dental procedures has been a leading focus of infective endocarditis prevention. however, there have been long-standing concerns about the risk of adverse drug reactions as a result of this practice. the objective of this study was to identify the incidence and nature of adverse reactions to amoxicillin and clindamycin prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis. | 2015 | 25925595 |
| a combination of three fully human toxin a- and toxin b-specific monoclonal antibodies protects against challenge with highly virulent epidemic strains of clostridium difficile in the hamster model. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the principal cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy. recent increases in the number of outbreaks attributed to highly virulent antibiotic-resistant strains underscore the importance of identifying efficacious alternatives to antibiotics to control this infection. cdi is mediated by two large exotoxins, toxins a and b. strong humoral toxin-specific immune responses are associated with recovery and a la ... | 2015 | 25924765 |
| identification of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using administrative codes: accuracy and implications for surveillance. | to develop an algorithm using administrative codes, laboratory data, and medication data to identify recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and to examine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and performance of this algorithm. | 2015 | 25924718 |
| high molecular weight typing with maldi-tof ms - a novel method for rapid typing of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile strains were typed by a newly developed maldi-tof method, high molecular weight typing, and compared to pcr ribotyping. among 500 isolates representing 59 pcr ribotypes a total of 35 high molecular weight types could be resolved. although less discriminatory than pcr ribotyping, the method is extremely fast and simple, and supports for cost-effective screening of isolates during outbreak situations. | 2015 | 25923527 |
| infectious disease outbreaks and increased complexity of care. | this study examined the effects of healthcare-associated infectious disease outbreaks on nurses' work in a large acute care hospital in ontario, canada. | 2015 | 25922983 |
| the clostridium difficile protease cwp84 modulates both biofilm formation and cell-surface properties. | clostridium difficile is responsible for 15-20% of antibiotic-associated diarrheas, and nearly all cases of pseudomembranous colitis. among the cell wall proteins involved in the colonization process, cwp84 is a protease that cleaves the s-layer protein slpa into two subunits. a cwp84 mutant was previously shown to be affected for in vitro growth but not in its virulence in a hamster model. in this study, the cwp84 mutant elaborated biofilms with increased biomass compared with the parental stra ... | 2015 | 25922949 |
| surveillance of clostridium difficile infections in a long-term care psychogeriatric facility: outbreak analysis and policy improvement. | following an exceptionally high clostridium difficile infections (cdi) incidence (spring 2011) in a psychogeriatric long-term care facility, a bidirectional study (2009-2012) was initiated to identify determinants (retrospectively) and to assess intervention measures taken (prospectively). | 2015 | 25922669 |
| lactobacillus species: taxonomic complexity and controversial susceptibilities. | the genus lactobacillus is a taxonomically complex and is composed of over 170 species that cannot be easily differentiated phenotypically and often require molecular identification. although they are part of the normal human gastrointestinal and vaginal flora, they can also be occasional human pathogens. they are extensively used in a variety of commercial products including probiotics. their antimicrobial susceptibilities are poorly defined in part because of their taxonomic complexity and are ... | 2015 | 25922408 |
| differences of the fecal microflora with clostridium difficile therapies. | during treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), patterns of pathogen reduction in relationship to changes in components of the normal microbiota are hypothesized to be predictive of response to treatment and subsequent sustained cure. | 2015 | 25922407 |
| determining the long-term effect of antibiotic administration on the human normal intestinal microbiota using culture and pyrosequencing methods. | the purpose of the study was to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily for 10 days) or clindamycin (150 mg 4 times daily for 10 days) on the fecal microbiota of healthy humans for a period of 1 year as compared to placebo. two different methods, culture and microbiome analysis, were used. fecal samples were collected for analyses at 6 time-points. the interval needed for the normal microbiota to be normalized after ciprofloxacin or clindamycin treatment differed for various bacte ... | 2015 | 25922405 |
| clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities: a call to action for antimicrobial stewardship. | across the united states, the baby boomers are entering into their elderly years. as they are america's largest generation to do so to date, their need for care will greatly affect nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and long-term acute-care hospitals (ltachs). unfortunately, the rise of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), particularly in extended-care facilities, might become the biggest obstacle in their care. elderly extended-care-facility residents are at an elevated risk of cdi sim ... | 2015 | 25922404 |
| current trends in the epidemiology and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified cause of nosocomial diarrhea and has been associated with epidemics of diarrhea in hospitals and long-term care facilities. the continued increase in c. difficile infection (cdi) suggests that it has surpassed other pathogens in causing healthcare-associated infections. the centers for disease control and prevention recently identified cdi as an "urgent threat" in its recent report on antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, high ... | 2015 | 25922403 |
| pathway to prevention of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection. | to address the significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), a series of recommendations and a pathway to prevention were developed. | 2015 | 25922401 |
| a decade of experience in primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection at a community hospital using the probiotic combination lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+). | in august 2003, the 284-bed community hospital pierre-le gardeur (plgh) in quebec experienced a major outbreak associated with the clostridium difficile nap1/027/bi strain. augmented standard preventive measures (spms) were not able to control this outbreak. it was decided in february 2004 to give to every adult inpatient on antibiotics, without any exclusion, a probiotic (bio-k+: lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2) within 12 hours of t ... | 2015 | 25922400 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+): characterization, manufacture, mechanisms of action, and quality control of a specific probiotic combination for primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | a specific probiotic formulation composed of lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+) has been marketed in north america since 1996. the strains and the commercial products have been evaluated for safety, identity, gastrointestinal survival, and stability throughout shelf life. the capacity of both the fermented beverages and the capsules to reduce incidences of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) ... | 2015 | 25922399 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection with probiotics. | despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and prevention efforts to reduce the spread of c. difficile, cdi remains a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. further advances in prevention of cdi may need to focus on those who continue to be exposed to the organism and who are susceptible. interventions directed toward this susceptible population, particularly hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, may be effective. there is mo ... | 2015 | 25922397 |
| clostridium difficile infection following outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. | 2015 | 25922336 | |
| colonic muc2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2. | in this study we identified mechanisms at the colonic mucosa by which muc2 mucin regulated the production of β-defensin in a proinflammatory milieu but functionally protected susceptible bacteria from its antimicrobial effects. the regulator role of muc2 on production of β-defensin 2 in combination with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (il-1β) was confirmed using purified human colonic muc2 mucin and colonic goblet cells short hairpin rna (shrna) silenced for muc2. in vivo, muc2(-/-) ... | 2015 | 25921338 |
| delirium and other clinical factors with clostridium difficile infection that predict mortality in hospitalized patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity has increased, especially among hospitalized older adults. we evaluated clinical factors to predict mortality after cdi. | 2015 | 25920706 |
| the livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. | the purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. there is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. however, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant staphylococ ... | 2015 | 25918442 |
| clostridium difficile infection from a surgical perspective. | the incidence and the severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have increased significantly over the last decade, especially in high-risk populations such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). surgeons must be able to both identify and minimize the risk of cdi in their own surgical patients and determine which cdi patients will benefit from surgery. | 2015 | 25917533 |
| [the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea]. | to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens. | 2015 | 25916780 |
| first report of clostridium difficile nap1/027 in a mexican hospital. | clostridium difficile nap1/ribotype 027 is associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. our aim was to determine the prevalence of nap1/ribotype 027 among c. difficile isolates in a tertiary care hospital, and review the main clinical data. | 2015 | 25915544 |
| hospital management of clostridium difficile infection: a review of the literature. | the emergence of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain has renewed interest in infection control practices. | 2015 | 25913648 |
| outbreak of clostridium difficile infections at an outpatient hemodialysis facility-michigan, 2012-2013. | investigation of an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at a hemodialysis facility revealed evidence that limited intrafacility transmission occurred despite adherence to published infection control standards for dialysis clinics. outpatient dialysis facilities should consider cdi prevention, including environmental disinfection for c. difficile, when formulating their infection control plans. | 2015 | 25913501 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. | clostridium difficile causes infections that can either remain asymptomatic or manifest as clinical disease. in this report, problems, possible solutions, and future perspectives on the treatment of c. difficile infections (cdis) in pediatric patients are discussed. cdi, despite increasing as a consequence of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, remains relatively uncommon in pediatrics mainly because younger children are poorly susceptible to the action of c. difficile toxins. in most such ca ... | 2015 | 25912469 |
| the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of clostridium difficile infection: a population-based cohort study. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-acquired infection; the real-world impacts of some proposed c. difficile prevention processes are unknown. | 2015 | 25911052 |
| spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. | the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ... | 2015 | 25908431 |
| microfiber cloths reduce the transfer of clostridium difficile spores to environmental surfaces compared with cotton cloths. | environmental surfaces in health care facilities contaminated with clostridium difficile spores can be a reservoir that contribute to transmission of hospital-acquired infections. microfiber cleaning cloths may improve the effectiveness of surface cleaning. the objective of this study was to assess the removal and transfer of c difficile spores on surfaces cleaned by microfiber compared with cotton cloths. | 2015 | 25907782 |
| a multi-center prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction tool for severe clostridium difficile infection. | prediction of severe clinical outcomes in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is important to inform management decisions for optimum patient care. currently, treatment recommendations for cdi vary based on disease severity but validated methods to predict severe disease are lacking. the aim of the study was to derive and validate a clinical prediction tool for severe outcomes in cdi. | 2015 | 25906284 |
| antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on clostridium difficile, escherichia coli o157:h7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens. | previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (bss) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. furthermore, following bss ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (biocl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. to further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of bss and biocl on clostridium difficile, salmonella, shigella, shiga to ... | 2015 | 25901890 |
| binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a problematic gram positive bacterial pathogen causing moderate to severe gastrointestinal infections. based on a lead binaphthyl-tripeptide dicationic antimicrobial, novel mono-, di- and tri-peptidomimetic analogues targeting c. difficile were designed and synthesized incorporating one, two or three d-configured cationic amino acid residues, with a common 1,2,3-triazole ester isostere at the c-terminus. copper- and ruthenium-click chemistry facilitated th ... | 2015 | 25901416 |
| current advances related to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can trigger various responses, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. hard-to-cure cdi, such as severe cdi, multiple recurrences of cdi, refractory cdi, and hypervirulent strains of c. difficile, require new treatments, although antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin are the treatment of choice for initial and first relapsing cdi. active immunization with c. difficile toxins and faecal microbiota transplantation deserve special at ... | 2015 | 25900952 |
| clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized hiv-infected individuals: epidemiology and risk factors: results from a case-control study (2002-2013). | hiv infection is a risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) yet the immune deficiency predisposing to cdi is not well understood, despite an increasing incidence of cdi among such individuals. we aimed to estimate the incidence and to evaluate the risk factors of cdi among an hiv cohort in italy. | 2015 | 25899507 |
| oral teicoplanin (targocid) and intestinal clostridium difficile infection. just another option. | 2015 | 25897455 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a national study assessing preventive practices used and perceptions of practice evidence. | we surveyed 571 us hospitals about practices used to prevent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). most hospitals reported regularly using key cdi prevention practices, and perceived their strength of evidence as high. the largest discrepancy between regular use and perceived evidence strength occurred with antimicrobial stewardship programs. | 2015 | 25896321 |
| a new approach to recognition of clostridium difficile infections with community onset. | 2015 | 25895635 | |
| fecal transplantation to treat initial severe clostridium difficile infection with sepsis. | 2015 | 25895282 | |
| fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile infection after peripheral autologous stem cell transplant for diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 25893454 | |
| identification of patients at high risk for clostridium difficile infection: development and validation of a risk prediction model in hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics. | to develop and validate a prediction model for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics, we performed a case-cohort study in a tertiary (derivation) and secondary care hospital (validation). cases had a positive clostridium test and were treated with systemic antibiotics before suspicion of cdi. controls were randomly selected from hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics. potential predictors were selected from the literatur ... | 2015 | 25889357 |
| prevalence and management of antibiotic associated diarrhea in general hospitals. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common adverse effect of antibiotic (ab) treatment. this study aimed to measure the overall prevalence of aad (including mild to moderate diarrhea) in hospitalized ab treated patients, to investigate associated risk factors and to document aad associated diagnostic investigations, contamination control and treatment. | 2015 | 25888351 |
| risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study. | constipation is highly prevalent in older adults and may be associated with greater frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). we investigated the prevalence of lower defecation frequency (df) and risk factors (including aecopd) associated with lower df among hospitalized elderly patients. | 2015 | 25887756 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies. | several factors including antibiotic use, immunosuppression and frequent hospitalizations make solid organ transplant (sot) recipients vulnerable to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1991-2014 to estimate the prevalence of cdi in this patient population. we searched pubmed, embase and google scholar databases. among the 75,940 retrieved citations, we found 30 studies coded from 35 articles that were relevant to our study. based on these ... | 2015 | 25886133 |
| identification of toxemia in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | toxemia can develop in clostridium difficile-infected animals, and correlates with severe and fulminant disease outcomes. circumstantial evidence suggests that toxemia may occur in patients with c. difficile infection (cdi), but positive diagnosis is extremely rare. we analyzed the potential for c. difficile toxemia in patients, determined its characteristics, and assessed challenges. c. difficile toxins in serum from patients were tested using an ultrasensitive cell-based assay and further conf ... | 2015 | 25885671 |
| erratum: polymerase chain reaction ribotyping of clostridium difficile isolates in qatar: a hospital-based study. | 2015 | 25884644 | |
| vancomycin enemas as adjunctive therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | for severe, complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi), concomitant treatment with iv metronidazole and oral vancomycin is usually prescribed. sometimes vancomycin per rectum (vpr) is added to increase colonic drug delivery. our purpose was to examine clinical outcomes of patients with cdi treated with vpr and compare results to a matched control group. | 2015 | 25883704 |
| interaction of the clostridium difficile binary toxin cdt and its host cell receptor, lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (lsr). | cdt (clostridium difficile transferase) is a binary, actin adp-ribosylating toxin frequently associated with hypervirulent strains of the human enteric pathogen c. difficile, the most serious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. cdt leads to the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton and, eventually, to cell death. low doses of cdt result in the formation of microtubule-based protrusions on the cell surface that increase the adherence and colonization of c. difficile ... | 2015 | 25882847 |
| clinical characterization and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients in a chinese hospital. | clostridium difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, especially in elderly patients. this study aimed to analyze the clinical features and assess the risk factors associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly hospitalized patients. | 2015 | 25881527 |
| clostridium difficile in western romania: unfavourable outcome predictors in a hospital for infectious diseases. | the recent emergence of clostridium difficile infections has included this condition among top nosocomial infections, due to its incidence, complications and important fatality, as well as to significant economic costs. | 2015 | 25881288 |
| a randomised phase 1 study to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and impact on gut microbiota following single and multiple oral doses in healthy male subjects of smt19969, a novel agent for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a leading cause of diarrhoea in health care settings with symptoms ranging from mild and self-limiting to life threatening. smt19969 is a novel, non-absorbable antibiotic currently under development for the treatment of cdi. here we report the results from a phase i study. | 2015 | 25880933 |
| stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: an international survey of 97 units in 11 countries. | stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) may decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients in the intensive care unit (icu), but the risk of infection may be increased. in this study, we aimed to describe sup practices in adult icus. we hypothesised that patient selection for sup varies both within and between countries. | 2015 | 25880349 |