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effect of selected types of beer on bacteria of the genus arcobacter.the genus arcobacter is related to the well-known human pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, and has been linked to human diseases. in this study, the survival of arcobacter spp. in various concentrations of ethanol, in various samples of beers, and in a model stomach has been investigated. for most of these bacteria, a concentration of 10 % ethanol was determined to be the minimum inhibitory concentration. the fact that these organisms are able to survive under these conditions may have an impact in ...201323238953
surveillance for enteric pathogens in a case-control study of acute diarrhea in western kenya.acute diarrhea remains a major public health problem in east african nations such as kenya. surveillance for a broad range of enteric pathogens is necessary to accurately predict the frequency of pathogens and potential changes in antibiotic resistance patterns.201323222955
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from beef cattle and pigs in japan.rectal contents of beef cattle and pigs were collected between october 2010 and february 2011 in japan. campylobacter jejuni were isolated from 36.0% (90/250) of beef cattle from 88.0% (22/25) of beef farms. c. coli were isolated from 3.6% (9/250) of beef cattle from 16.0% (4/25) of beef farms and from 42.4% (106/250) of pigs from all 25 pig farms. as to enrofloxacin, 40.0% (36/90) of c. jejuni isolates and 66.7% (6/9) of c. coli isolates from beef cattle and 44.3% (47/106) of c. coli isolates f ...201323220905
prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern part of japan.to investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens [campylobacter spp., shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp.] in dairy cows, rectal content grab samples were collected from 250 dairy cows reared on 25 dairy farms in eastern japan from december 2010 through february 2011. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 106 (42%) cows on 23 (92%) farms, stec o157 from three cows on one farm, l. monocytogenes from three cows on anot ...201323208291
prevalence of the main food-borne pathogens in retail food under the national food surveillance system in japan.the national food surveillance system in japan was formed in 1998 to monitor the contamination of retail foods with bacterial pathogens. approximately 2000-3000 samples were tested annually, and the data from food categories that had more than 400 samples collected during 1998-2008 were analysed. with regard to meat, the frequency of positive samples for salmonella in chicken for raw consumption and ground chicken was 12.7% and 33.5%, respectively. moreover, shiga toxin-producing escherichia col ...201323199079
management of acute diarrhea in emergency room.acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of under-five mortality in india. it is defined as the passage of frequent watery stools (>3/24 h). recent change in consistency of stools is more important than frequency. acute diarrhea is caused by variety of viral, bacterial and parasitic agents. the common ones are: rotavirus, e. coli, shigella, cholera, and salmonella. campylobacter jejuni, giardia and e. histolytica are also not uncommon. the most important concern in management of acute diarrhea ...201323192407
a mutagenesis method for the addition and deletion of highly repetitive dna regions: the paradigm of epiya motifs in the caga gene of helicobacter pylori.caga protein of western origin helicobacter pylori isolates contains at its carboxyl-terminal end repeating types of epiya motifs, depending on the surrounding sequence, which dictate hierarchic tyrosine phosphorylation. to produce, in an isogenic background, mutant strains expressing caga protein with variable numbers of epiya-c terminal motifs, we have adopted a mutagenesis assay using a megaprimer approach.201323190444
sensitive and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. from the beginning of dna extraction to final detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the assay requires less than 50 and 90 min from a colony on selective media, and human feces, respectively. for chicken meat samples, the assay requires approximately 24-48 h from the beginning of the enrichment culture ...201323104296
comparison of adhesion, invasion, motility, and toxin production of campylobacter strains and their resistant mutants.the objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells, motility, and toxin production characteristics of campylobacter-susceptible strains and their fluoroquinolone- or macrolide-resistant mutants. susceptible strains and resistant mutants demonstrated similar adhesion capacities to epithelial cells. for campylobacter coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants with thr86ile or asp90asn substitutions showed a higher rate of invasion of caco-2 cells ...201323095083
clinical manifestations of campylobacter concisus infection in children.there is only sparse information about the clinical impact of campylobacter concisus infections in children.201323743545
comparison of polycarbonate and cellulose acetate membrane filters for isolation of campylobacter concisus from stool samples.one thousand seven hundred ninety-one diarrheic stool samples were cultivated for campylobacter spp. we found a high prevalence of campylobacter concisus with use of a polycarbonate filter (n = 114) compared to a cellulose acetate filter (n = 79) (p < .0001). the polycarbonate filter is superior to the commonly used cellulose acetate filter for detection of c. concisus.201323743174
the role of epsilonproteobacteria in children with gastroenteritis.a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method was used to examine 50 stool samples from children in belgium with gastroenteritis for an extensive range of epsilonproteobacteria species. during the 3-month study period, campylobacter concisus was the most common species. our observations suggest that c. concisus displays similar microbiologic and clinical features as campylobacter jejuni.201323624432
a culture-independent sequence-based metagenomics approach to the investigation of an outbreak of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o104:h4.identification of the bacterium responsible for an outbreak can aid in disease management. however, traditional culture-based diagnosis can be difficult, particularly if no specific diagnostic test is available for an outbreak strain.201323571589
high incidence of campylobacter concisus in gastroenteritis in north jutland, denmark: a population-based study.the incidence of non-thermophilic campylobacter species was assessed in an unselected population-based study in a mixed urban and rural community in north jutland, denmark. in a 2-year study period, 11,314 faecal samples from 8302 patients with gastroenteritis were cultured with supplement of the filter method. we recovered a high incidence of campylobacter concisus (annual incidence 35/100,000 inhabitants), almost as high as the common campylobacter jejuni/coli. in contrast, there was a very lo ...201322512739
unique features of the motility and structures in the flagellate polar region of campylobacter jejuni and other species: an electron microscopic study.similarly to helicobacter pylori but unlike vibrio cholerae o1/o139, campylobacter jejuni is non-motile at 20°c but highly motile at ≥37°c. the bacterium c. jejuni has one of the highest swimming speeds reported (>100 μm/s), especially at 42°c. straight and spiral bacterial shapes share the same motility. c. jejuni has a unique structure in the flagellate polar region, which is characterized by a cup-like structure (beneath the inner membrane), a funnel shape (opening onto the polar surface) and ...201323252968
campylobacter spp. recovered from the upper oconee river watershed, georgia in a 4-year study.waterways should be considered in the migration routes of campylobacter, and the genus has been isolated from several water sources. inferences on migration routes can be made from tracking genetic types in populations found in specific habitats and testing how they are linked to other types. water samples were taken over a 4-year period from waterways in the upper oconee river watershed, georgia, to recover isolates of thermophilic campylobacter. the isolates were typed by multilocus sequence t ...201322945232
occurrence of ε-proteobacterial species in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) reared in intensive and rural farms.in order to investigate the occurrence of campylobacter, helicobacter and arcobacter species in caecal contents of rabbits reared in intensive and rural farms, a total of 87 samples from animals belonging to 29 farms were analysed by both cultural and pcr analyses. pcr analysis directly from faecal samples detected 100% positive samples for campylobacter genus, 3.4% for helicobacter genus and none for arcobacter genus. 83 out of 87 animals (95.4%) and all the 29 farms were positive for campyloba ...201322944072
detection and genotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays.campylobacter have emerged as the most common bacterial food-borne illness in the developed world. the ability to reduce campylobacter infections in humans is linked to the full comprehension of the principal key aspects of its infection cycle. a microbial diagnostic microarray detecting campylobacter housekeeping, structural, and virulence associated genes was designed and validated using genomic dna from reference and field strains of campylobacter jejuni and coli isolated from human, chicken, ...201322354794
campylobacter spp. - prevalence on pig livers and antimicrobial susceptibility.the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on surfaces of slaughtered pig livers. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was performed to determine the sequence types (sts) of selected campylobacter coli isolates. additionally, c. coli and campylobacter jejuni isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the broth dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, nali ...201323040119
effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of bifidobacteria and campylobacter.this study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilic campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. a total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupi ...201323031645
effects of efflux-pump inducers and genetic variation of the multidrug transporter cmeb in biocide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.multidrug efflux pumps, such as cmeabc and cmedef, are involved in the resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials. the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of two putative efflux-pump inducers, bile salts and sodium deoxycholate, on the resistance of campylobacter to biocides (triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate, cetylpyridinium chloride and trisodium phosphate), sds and erythromycin. the involvement of the cmeabc and cmedef efflux pumps in th ...201323161768
evaluation of the culture method nihsj-02 alternative to iso 10272-1:2006 for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken: collaborative study.for the surveillance of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in japan, a qualitative method, national institute of health sciences japan (nihsj)-02, was developed as an alternative to international organization for standardization (iso) 10272-1:2006. in the nihsj-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of preston broth at 42 +/- 1 degrees c to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bact ...201324282937
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from environmental waters in the mediterranean area.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are important animal-related waterborne pathogens that are distributed worldwide. to further understand campylobacter populations in water from the mediterranean area, the genetic diversity of environmental strains was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlst was also used to determine the potential geographical differences between these bacterial strains and other campylobacters isolated worldwide. the typing study was conducted using 58 ...201324216328
antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (eos: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of campylobacter jejuni (acm 3393 and the poultry isolate c338), campylobacter coli and other gram negative and gram positive bacteria. different formulations of neem oil (azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tes ...201324041998
preventing campylobacter at the source: why is it so difficult?campylobacteriosis in humans, caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, is the most common recognized bacterial zoonosis in the european union and the united states. the acute phase is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. the long-term sequelae (guillain-barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome) contribute considerably to the disease burden. attribution studies identified poultry as the reservoir responsible for up to 80% of the human ca ...201324014733
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry carcasses in poland.the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in poland. for the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. a total of 498 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. strains were identified to species with the pcr method; 53.6% of the strains were campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were campylobacter coli. a high p ...201323905805
review of current methodologies to isolate and identify campylobacter spp. from foods.this article summarizes the most effective protocols to isolate campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli) from food, primarily poultry products, and includes a summary of the current methods recommended by the food and drug administration and the u.s. department of agriculture in the usa, and iso in europe. the recommended temperature for incubation of the samples throughout the isolation procedure is 42°c. the enrichment of the samples for 48h, which can be perform ...201323899774
potential of a commercially available water acidification product for reducing campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter.1. this study investigated the potential of a commercially available acidified water treatment (pwt) for reducing the number of campylobacter in vitro and other bacteria in the gut of live broilers. 2. in vitro tests indicated that pwt was highly effective for reducing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at the recommended concentration in water, reducing populations by greater than 7 log10 cfu/ml after 24 h exposure. the decrease in the number of salmonella serovar enteritidis and esche ...201323796116
prevalence of campylobacter spp. relative to other enteric pathogens in grow-finish pigs with diarrhea.salmonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis, and brachyspira spp. are pathogens commonly associated with diarrhea in growing and finishing pigs. brachyspira spp. infection has recently reemerged as a significant concern due to an increase in the incidence of swine dysentery; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase in dysentery remain largely unknown. pigs are also well-recognized as potential carriers of campylobacter spp., particularly campylobacter coli, yet enteric disease in swine ass ...201323792232
absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from poultry in italy. 201323788478
pathogenic microbiological baseline survey of pork carcasses in taiwan.from 2004 to 2010, pork carcass swabs from state-inspected slaughter plants in taiwan were intermittently analyzed to determine the prevalence of selected pathogenic microorganisms associated with foodborne illness. the prevalences of staphylococcus aureus each year from 2006 to 2010 were 6.6, 10.8, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.4%, respectively, while those of listeria monocytogenes were 1.2% in 2004, 1.3% in 2005, and 3.5% in 2008. the prevalences of clostridium perfringens were 0.9% in 2004, 3.2% in 2005, ...201323726203
demographic and clinical characteristics of campylobacter bacteremia in children with and without predisposing factors.campylobacter, a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, rarely causes bacteremia, which is reported mainly in immune-compromised children. our aim was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood campylobacter bacteremia (cb) between children with and without risk factors for cb.201323694835
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species in cats and dogs from bydgoszcz (poland) region.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cats and dogs as a potential reservoir of campylobacter spp. rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 71 cats were examined. samples were obtained from the animals aged between 2 weeks and 24 months living in shelters, private households, farms and from veterinary clinics located in bydgoszcz region during routine check-up. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 4.81% dogs and 9.86% cats, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in this study. all strains ...201323691584
occurrence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and duck eggs in selangor, malaysia.the importance of campylobacter and salmonella as foodborne pathogens is well recognised globally. a recent work in penang found ducks in commercial farms were infected with these organisms. the aim of the study was to detect the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and salmonella in duck eggs in farms in a small part of selangor. cloacal swabs were obtained from 75 ducks and 30 duck eggs from three farms. the isolation and identification of campylobacter and salmonella were done us ...201323665722
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni cryptic plasmid ptiw94 recovered from wild birds in the southeastern united states.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a cryptic plasmid, ptiw94, recovered from several campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in the southeastern united states. ptiw94 is a circular molecule of 3860 nucleotides, with a g+c content (31.0%) similar to that of many campylobacter spp. genomes. a typical origin of replication, with iteron sequences, was identified upstream of dna sequences that demonstrated similarity to replication initiation proteins. a total of five open read ...201323639726
using campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli data and bayesian microbial risk assessment to examine public health risks in agricultural watersheds under tile drainage management.human campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial gastrointestinal illness in canada; environmental transmission has been implicated in addition to transmission via consumption of contaminated food. information about campylobacter spp. occurrence at the watershed scale will enhance our understanding of the associated public health risks and the efficacy of source water protection strategies. the overriding purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative framework to assess and compare the rel ...201323623467
aerobic growth of campylobacter in media supplemented with c3-monocarboxylates and c4-dicarboxylates.experiments were conducted to examine aerobic growth of campylobacter spp. in basal media supplemented with c4-dicarboxylates (fumarate, succinate, or malate) and c3-monocarboxylates (pyruvate or lactate). basal medium was supplemented with 30 mm fumarate, succinate, or malate and 0 to 100 mm lactate or pyruvate; inoculated with 10(6) cfu/ml of campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, or campylobacter jejuni; then incubated aerobically at 37 °c for 72 h. optical density (od) of cultures was meas ...201323575134
improvement of karmali agar by addition of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in whole-chicken carcass rinse.the karmali agar was modified by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin b. the goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of polymyxin b on the ability and selectivity of the modified karmali agar to isolate campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from whole chicken carcass rinse. a total of 80 whole chickens were rinsed with 400 ml of buffer peptone water. the rinsed samples were incubated with 2× blood-free modified bolton enrichment broth for 48 h ...201323550907
improved protocol for isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat and use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for the typing of isolates.to improve the detection of campylobacter spp. in retail broiler meat, a reference method (r subsamples) based on the enrichment of 25 g of meat in bolton broth at 42°c under microaerobiosis was compared with an alternative method (a subsamples) consisting in the rinsing of meat samples for 30s in buffered peptone water with antimicrobials with incubation at 42°c under aerobiosis. one piece of meat (breasts, tenderloins and thighs) was rinse in experiment 1 (a1) and two pieces in experiment 2 (a ...201323545445
salmonella, campylobacter, and chlamydophila in bald ibis (geronticus eremita) feces in turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., and chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in turkey. a total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and by pcr for c. psittaci. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). ...201323505699
development of a selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses.a new campylobacter-selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b was developed (charcoal-cefoperazone-polymyxin b-deoxycholate broth; ccpd broth). we compared the ability of ccpd broth to detect campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses to that of modified bolton (mbolton) broth. eighty whole chickens were purchased from retailers and rinsed with 400 ml buffered peptone water. the rinsed samples were enr ...201323474610
evaluation of fecal calprotectin in campylobacter concisus and campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis.calprotectin (cp) is a calcium-binding cytosolic neutrophil protein and the concentration in feces reflects the migration of neutrophils into the gut lumen. testing for fecal cp (f-cp) in patients with negative cultures for enteric pathogens is widely accepted as a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with the assumption that a negative f-cp is compatible with a functional disorder. campylobact ...201323448294
importance of the producer on retail broiler meat product contamination with campylobacter spp.campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry meat being considered the most important source of the infection. to obtain data on broiler meat contamination with campylobacter spp. in lithuania, the occurrence, counts and genotypes of these pathogens on raw broiler meat products from different producers were examined.201323400735
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from two early stages of poultry production.our aim was to monitor the resistance of campylobacter isolates from two initial stages of broiler production in 5 grandparent breeder broiler farms (gpbfs) and 12 parent breeder broiler farms (pbfs) in which no antimicrobials were used during the study. susceptibility tests were carried out for 805 strains (697 campylobacter jejuni and 108 campylobacter coli) against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloram ...201323391315
non-stochastic sampling error in quantal analyses for campylobacter species on poultry products.using primers and fluorescent probes specific for the most common food-borne campylobacter species (campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), we developed a multiplex, most probable number (mpn) assay using quantitative pcr (qpcr) as the determinant for binomial detection: i.e., number of p positive pathogen growth responses out of n = 6 observations each of 4 ml (v) per dilution. working with media washes of thrice frozen-thawed chicken pieces which had been spiked with known levels of c. j ...201323380949
prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. from broiler ceca and broiler skin samples in thailand.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks by testing cecal contents at slaughter and to detect and quantify campylobacter on broiler carcass skin samples of the corresponding slaughter batches, to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of the campylobacter isolates, and to genotype selected campylobacter jejuni isolates using multilocus sequence typing analysis. ninety-eight broiler flocks were included in the study. intact ceca were random ...201323300314
resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate in macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.campylobacter are the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and they are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones, those most frequently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. active efflux mechanisms are involved in resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, and are also essential for campylobacter colonization in the animal intestine, through mediation of bile resistance. acquisition of ...201323289436
[enteropathogens responsible for gastrointestinal disorders in hiv patients].gastrointestinal disorders or gid are debilitating conditions common in individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), capable of leading to death. numerous etiological agents and pathophysiological mechanisms have been involved in this status. although the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in many countries has greatly reduced the prevalence of gastrointestinal infections, enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses may still act as opport ...201323781716
heat stress adaptation induces cross-protection against lethal acid stress conditions in arcobacter butzleri but not in campylobacter jejuni.the ability of many bacteria to adapt to stressful conditions may later protect them against the same type of stress (specific adaptive response) or different types of stresses (multiple adaptive response, also termed cross-protection). arcobacter butzleri and campylobacter jejuni are close phylogenetic relatives that occur in many foods of animal origin and have been linked with human illness (mainly diarrhoea). in the present study, sublethal stress adaptation temperatures (48 °c and 10 °c) an ...201323541213
occurrence and characteristics of fastidious campylobacteraceae species in porcine samples.this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of campylobacteraceae including a range of fastidious species in porcine samples. over a thirteen month period caecal contents (n=402) and pork carcass swabs (n=401) were collected from three pork abattoirs and pork products (n=399) were purchased at point of sale in the republic of ireland. campylobacteraceae isolates were recovered by enrichment, membrane filtration and incubation in antibiotic free media under a modified atmosphere (3 ...201323474652
presence of campylobacter and arcobacter species in in-line milk filters of farms authorized to produce and sell raw milk and of a water buffalo dairy farm in italy.the objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp. and arcobacter spp. in dairy herds authorized for the production and sale of raw milk and in a water buffalo dairy farm, and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. a total of 196 in-line milk filters were collected from 14 dairy farms (13 bovine and 1 water buffalo) for detection of campylobacter spp. and arcobacter spp. by microbiological culture. for each farm investigated, 1 isolate for each ...201323453517
assessment of the prevalence and diversity of emergent campylobacteria in human stool samples using a combination of traditional and molecular methods.this study aims to assess the diversity of campylobacteria (campylobacter and arcobacter) in human fecal samples from patients with diarrhea (n = 140) and asymptomatic controls (n = 116) in chile, using a combination of traditional culture and molecular methods. the culture methods detected campylobacteria in 10.7% of the patients with diarrhea and in 1.7% of the controls. in contrast, the molecular methods detected campylobacteria more often than the traditional culture, with a prevalence of 25 ...201323375869
impact of 6 different intestinal bacteria on broiler breeder sperm motility in vitro.male fertility is often evaluated by measuring sperm parameters, including concentration, viability, and motility. this is important because after copulation occurs, sperm must overcome many barriers in the female reproductive tract to fertilize the ovum. in mammalian species, sperm have been shown to have reduced motility when bacteria are present. in male broiler breeders, bacteria have been associated with spermatozoa, but their effect on motility has not been investigated. the sperm quality ...201323873566
targeting motility properties of bacteria in the development of probiotic cultures against campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.campylobacter is the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. campylobacter is commonly present in the intestinal tract of poultry, and one strategy to reduce enteric colonization is the use of probiotic cultures. this strategy has successfully reduced enteric colonization of salmonella, but has had limited success against campylobacter. in an effort to improve the efficacy of probiotic cultures, we developed a novel in vitro screening technique for selecting bacterial isolates with enhanced ...201323531121
[traveller's diarrhea: epidemiology, clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment].bacterial causes are predominant: enterotoxigenic (etec) ou enteroadherent escherichia coli, salmonella sp., shigella sp., campylobacter jejuni, acrobacter sp., enterotoxigenic bacteroïdes fragilis. prevention relies on the hand and food hygiene standards (heat-cooked meals). watery diarrhea (toxigenic enterocolitis) is the most frequent clinical presentation associated with a risk of dehydration; the body temperature is normal except in cases of severe dehydration. less frequent are invasive en ...201323246203
potential applications for annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease.foodborne disease is a major public health problem. the present study examined annona squamosa leaves, which are traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other infections, for their potential to be used in modern food safety or medicine. active constituents were partially purified by ethanol extraction and column chromatography. mics of the extract were 62.5 to 125 microg/ml against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus, and 250 microg/ml against campylobacter jejuni. ...201323678817
rapid detection and respirometric profiling of aerobic bacteria on panels of selective media.to evaluate high-throughput optical oxygen microrespirometry for selective detection and predictive identification of aerobic bacteria.201323107004
cell-free preparations of lactobacillus acidophilus strain la-5 and bifidobacterium longum strain ncc2705 affect virulence gene expression in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly reported bacterial causes of acute diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. potential virulence factors include motility, chemotaxis, colonization ability, adhesion to intestinal cells, invasion and epithelial translocation, intracellular survival, and formation of toxins. probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains are known to have an inhibitory effect against the growth of various foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to inve ...201324112574
application of protective cultures against listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni in chicken products packaged under modified atmosphere.to control the growth, or reduce the numbers, of food pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni in chicken products packaged under modified atmosphere (map), the effectiveness of protective cultures was evaluated in this study. leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides pck18 reduced the counts of l. monocytogenes by 1.22 log cfu/g in chicken burgers under map after 24 d. furthermore, a reduction of 1.16 log cfu/g in c. jejuni together with a delay in the growth of lactic acid bacte ...201323472035
occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on swedish pig and chicken farms.a total of 207 wild rodents were caught on nine pig farms, five chicken farms and five non-farm locations in sweden and surveyed for a selection of bacteria, parasites and viruses. lawsonia intracellularia and pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica were only detected in rodents on pig farms (9% and 8% prevalence, respectively) which indicate that these agents are more likely to be transmitted to rodents from pigs or the environment on infected farms. brachyspira hyodysenteriae (1%), brachyspira inte ...201323174339
the role of environmental reservoirs in human campylobacteriosis.campylobacteriosis is infection caused by the bacteria campylobacter spp. and is considered a major public health concern. campylobacter spp. have been identified as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. they are typically considered a foodborne pathogen and have been shown to colonise the intestinal mucosa of all food-producing animals. much emphasis has been placed on controlling the foodborne pathway of exposure, particularly within the poultry industry, howeve ...201324217177
management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis.acute gastroenteritis, characterized by the onset of diarrhea with or without vomiting, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations. although generally a mild and self-limiting disease, gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with a substantial disease burden. worldwide, up to 40% of children aged less than 5 years with diarrhea are hospitalized with rotavirus. also, some microorganisms ...201324194646
deamination of 6-aminodeoxyfutalosine in menaquinone biosynthesis by distantly related enzymes.proteins of unknown function belonging to cog1816 and cog0402 were characterized. sav2595 from steptomyces avermitilis ma-4680, acel0264 from acidothermus cellulolyticus 11b, nis0429 from nitratiruptor sp. sb155-2 and dr0824 from deinococcus radiodurans r1 were cloned, purified, and their substrate profiles determined. these enzymes were previously incorrectly annotated as adenosine deaminases or chlorohydrolases. it was shown here that these enzymes actually deaminate 6-aminodeoxyfutalosine. th ...201323972005
enteric pathogens and reactive arthritis: a systematic review of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella-associated reactive arthritis.reactive arthritis (rea) is a spondyloarthropathic disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints and tissues occurring after gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections. diagnostic criteria for rea do not exist and, therefore, it is subject to clinical opinion resulting in cases with a wide range of symptoms and definitions. using standardized diagnostic criteria, we conducted a systematic literature review to establish the global incidence of rea for each of the three most commonly-asso ...201324288942
evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance.acute diarrheal disease (add) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (tat) significantly. we validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) using l ...201323850948
comparative genomics of campylobacter concisus isolates reveals genetic diversity and provides insights into disease association.in spite of its association with gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the isolation of campylobacter concisus from both diseased and healthy individuals has led to controversy regarding its role as an intestinal pathogen. one proposed reason for this is the presence of high genetic diversity among the genomes of c. concisus strains.201323984967
comprehensive genomic characterization of campylobacter genus reveals some underlying mechanisms for its genomic diversification.campylobacter species.are phenotypically diverse in many aspects including host habitats and pathogenicities, which demands comprehensive characterization of the entire campylobacter genus to study their underlying genetic diversification. up to now, 34 campylobacter strains have been sequenced and published in public databases, providing good opportunity to systemically analyze their genomic diversities. in this study, we first conducted genomic characterization, which includes genome-wide alig ...201323940551
complete genome sequence of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius, isolated from the prepuce of a bull.campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a sexually transmitted disease distributed worldwide. campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius strains differ in their biochemical behavior and are prevalent in some countries. we report the first genome sequence for this biovar, isolated from bull prepuce.201323908278
development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction method for campylobacter jejuni detection.to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to detect and quantify campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) from stool specimens.201323716989
antimicrobial resistance and virulence: a successful or deleterious association in the bacterial world?hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. although the spread of pathogens has been hindered by the discovery and widespread use of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial resistance has increased globally. the emergence of resistant bacteria has accelerated in recent years, mainly as a result of increased selective pressure. however, although antimicrobial resistance and bacte ...201323554414
bacterial protein n-glycosylation: new perspectives and applications.protein glycosylation is widespread throughout all three domains of life. bacterial protein n-glycosylation and its application to engineering recombinant glycoproteins continue to be actively studied. here, we focus on advances made in the last 2 years, including the characterization of novel bacterial n-glycosylation pathways, examination of pathway enzymes and evolution, biological roles of protein modification in the native host, and exploitation of the n-glycosylation pathways to create nov ...201323329827
posttranslational modification of flagellin flab in shewanella oneidensis.shewanella oneidensis is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar, glycosylated flagellum composed of flagellins flaa and flab. in this study, the functional flagellin flab was isolated and analyzed with nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ms) and tandem ms. in combination with the mutational analysis, we propose that the flab flagellin protein from s. oneidensis is modified at five serine residues with a series of novel o-linked posttranslational modifications (ptms) that differ ...201323543712
signal balancing by the cetabc and cetz chemoreceptors controls energy taxis in campylobacter jejuni.the coupling of environmental sensing to flagella-mediated directed motility allows bacteria to move to optimum environments for growth and survival, either by sensing external stimuli (chemotaxis) or monitoring internal metabolic status (energy taxis). sensing is mediated by transducer-like proteins (tlp), either located in the membrane or in the cytoplasm, which commonly influence motility via the chea-chey chemotaxis pathway. in this study we have investigated the role of pas-domain-containin ...201323382896
effect of antimicrobial growth promoter administration on the intestinal microbiota of beef cattle.antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) are antimicrobial agents administered to livestock in feed for prolonged periods to enhance feed efficiency. beef cattle are primarily finished in confined feeding operations in canada and the usa, and the administration of agps such as chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (aureo s-700 g) is the standard. the impacts of agps on the intestinal microbiota of beef cattle are currently uncertain; it is documented that agps administered to beef cattle pass throug ...201323578222
mutational analysis of cj0183 campylobacter jejuni promoter.gene-nominated cj0183 was identified in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 and in two human isolates 81116 and 81-176. it encodes a protein which shows partial homology to tlyc of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the aim of this work was to determine the mechanisms of gene regulation by cloning dna fragments lying upstream of the cj0183 gene. the β-galactosidase activity determined for the strain harboring the plasmid with the fragment upstream of cj0183 indicated the presence of a promoter in this dna ...201323884593
movers and shakers: influence of bacteriophages in shaping the mammalian gut microbiota.the human intestinal microbiota is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on earth, containing up to 10 ( 13) bacteria/g and in some respects can be considered an organ itself given its role in human health. bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant replicating entities on the planet and thrive wherever their bacterial hosts exist. they undoubtedly influence the dominant microbial populations in many ecosystems including the human intestine. within this setting, lysogeny appears to be ...201323022738
genome sequence of campylobacter showae unswcd, isolated from a patient with crohn's disease.campylobacter showae unswcd was isolated from a patient with crohn's disease. here we present a 2.1 mb draft assembly of its genome.201323409253
evidence for phenotypic plasticity among multihost campylobacter jejuni and c. coli lineages, obtained using ribosomal multilocus sequence typing and raman spectroscopy.closely related bacterial isolates can display divergent phenotypes. this can limit the usefulness of phylogenetic studies for understanding bacterial ecology and evolution. here, we compare phenotyping based on raman spectrometric analysis of cellular composition to phylogenetic classification by ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rmlst) in 108 isolates of the zoonotic pathogens campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. automatic relevance determination (ard) was used to identify informative peaks i ...201323204423
efficacy of oral fecal bacteriotherapy in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with chronic diarrhea.chronic diarrhea remains the principal burden in providing health care for nonhuman primates in biomedical research facilities. although the exact etiology continues to puzzle nonhuman primate clinicians, recent research in humans has shown that restoring the indigenous microbial diversity may be successful in resolving cases of chronic diarrhea when other treatment modalities have failed. the process of restoring this microbial balance, known as fecal bacteriotherapy, uses the complete flora fr ...201323561941
campylobacter infection in poultry-processing workers, virginia, usa, 2008-2011.during a health hazard evaluation, we investigated 29 cases of laboratory-diagnosed campylobacter infection among workers at a poultry-processing plant. most infected employees worked at the plant <1 month, worked as live hangers, and lived at a state-operated center. to lessen the infection risk, we recommended improvements to engineering and administrative controls at the plant.201323347390
a laboratory-developed taqman array card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens.the taqman array card (tac) system is a 384-well singleplex real-time pcr format that has been used to detect multiple infection targets. here we developed an enteric taqman array card to detect 19 enteropathogens, including viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus gii, rotavirus, and sapovirus), bacteria (campylobacter jejuni/c. coli, clostridium difficile, salmonella, vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains including enteroaggregative e. coli [eaec], enterotoxigenic e. coli [ ...201323175269
comparison of three different methods for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in a tertiary pediatric care center.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is a well-known cause of sporadic and epidemic food-borne gastroenteritis. a low infectious dose, approximately 10 microorganisms, is sufficient to cause disease that may lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the objective of this study was to compare the performances of an in-house real-time pcr, a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (premier ehec; meridian bioscience), and culture on sorbitol macconkey agar for the detection of stec in a tertiary care ...201323175264
rapid detection of campylobacter antigen by enzyme immunoassay leads to increased positivity rates.campylobacter antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (eia) provides rapid results compared to traditional culture. however, concern exists regarding specificity. verification studies of an eia compared to culture revealed a positive predictive value (ppv) of 91%, whereas ppv fell to 42% during routine diagnostic testing. we suggest all positive eia results be confirmed via culture.201323175262
symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections associated with reduced growth in peruvian children.although diarrheal illnesses are recognized as both a cause and effect of undernutrition, evidence for the effect of specific enteropathogens on early childhood growth remains limited. we estimated the effects of undernutrition as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis, as well as associations between symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections and growth.201323383356
marked host specificity and lack of phylogeographic population structure of campylobacter jejuni in wild birds.zoonotic pathogens often infect several animal species, and gene flow among populations infecting different host species may affect the biological traits of the pathogen including host specificity, transmissibility and virulence. the bacterium campylobacter jejuni is a widespread zoonotic multihost pathogen, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. poultry products are important transmission vehicles to humans, but the bacterium is common in other domestic and wild animals, particularl ...201323356487
loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), is an important human pathogen that produces a variety of toxins and causes a wide range of infections, including soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and staphylococcal food poisoning. a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the arcc gene of s. aureus was developed and evaluated with 119 s. aureus and 25 non-s. aureus strains. the usefulness of the assay was compared with the pcr method that targets ...201323509796
disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. 201323269979
detection of campylobacter species and arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex pcr.the presence of campylobacter (or campylobacter-like) species in stools from patients suspected of infectious gastroenteritis (n = 493) was investigated using real-time pcr for detection of arcobacter butzleri (hsp60 gene), campylobacter coli (ceue gene), campylobacter jejuni (mapa), five acknowledged pathogenic campylobacter spp. (c16s_lund assay), and the campylobacter genus (c16s_lvi assay). in total, 71.4% of the samples were positive for campylobacter dna (n = 352) by a campylobacter genus- ...201323152553
using major outer membrane protein typing as an epidemiological tool to investigate outbreaks caused by milk-borne campylobacter jejuni isolates in california.we describe using major outer membrane protein (momp) typing as a screen to compare the campylobacter jejuni pora gene sequences of clinical outbreak strains from human stool with the pora sequences of dairy farm strains isolated during two milk-borne campylobacteriosis outbreak investigations in california. the genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental strains with identical or closely related pora sequences was confirmed by multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ...201323115263
reply to "disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli". 201323269980
manipulation of intestinal epithelial cell function by the cell contact-dependent type iii secretion systems of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus elicits gastroenteritis by deploying type iii secretion systems (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into epithelial cells of the human intestinal tract. the bacteria must adhere to the human cells to allow colonization and operation of the ttss translocation apparatus bridging the bacterium and the host cell. this article first reviews recent advances in identifying the molecules responsible for intercellular adherence. v. parahaemolyticus possesses two ttss, each of whic ...201324455490
manipulation of intestinal epithelial cell function by the cell contact-dependent type iii secretion systems of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus elicits gastroenteritis by deploying type iii secretion systems (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into epithelial cells of the human intestinal tract. the bacteria must adhere to the human cells to allow colonization and operation of the ttss translocation apparatus bridging the bacterium and the host cell. this article first reviews recent advances in identifying the molecules responsible for intercellular adherence. v. parahaemolyticus possesses two ttss, each of whic ...201324455490
pentavalent single-domain antibodies reduce campylobacter jejuni motility and colonization in chickens.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the world, with symptoms ranging from acute diarrhea to severe neurological disorders. contaminated poultry meat is a major source of c. jejuni infection, and therefore, strategies to reduce this organism in poultry, are expected to reduce the incidence of campylobacter-associated diseases. we have investigated whether oral administration of c. jejuni-specific single-domain antibodies would reduce bacterial colonization ...201324391847
microbial mechanisms of tolerance to weak acid stress. 201324416030
comprehensive proteomic profiling of outer membrane vesicles from campylobacter jejuni.gram-negative bacteria constitutively release outer membrane vesicles (omvs) during cell growth that play significant roles in bacterial survival, virulence and pathogenesis. in this study, comprehensive proteomic analysis of omvs from a human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. the omvs of c. jejuni nctc11168 were isolated from culture supernatants then characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scatterin ...201324382552
comprehensive proteomic profiling of outer membrane vesicles from campylobacter jejuni.gram-negative bacteria constitutively release outer membrane vesicles (omvs) during cell growth that play significant roles in bacterial survival, virulence and pathogenesis. in this study, comprehensive proteomic analysis of omvs from a human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. the omvs of c. jejuni nctc11168 were isolated from culture supernatants then characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scatterin ...201324382552
dendritic cells: a spot on sialic acid.glycans decorating cell surface and secreted proteins and lipids occupy the juncture where critical host-host and host-pathogen interactions occur. the role of glycan epitopes in cell-cell and cell-pathogen adhesive events is already well-established, and cell surface glycan structures change rapidly in response to stimulus and inflammatory cues. despite the wide acceptance that glycans are centrally implicated in immunity, exactly how glycans and their changes contribute to the overall immune r ...201324409183
campylobacteriosis in urban versus rural areas: a case-case study integrated with molecular typing to validate risk factors and to attribute sources of infection.campylobacter infection is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and most clinical cases appear as isolated, sporadic infections for which the source is rarely apparent. from july 2005 to december 2007 we conducted a prospective case-case study of sporadic, domestically-acquired campylobacter enteritis in rural versus urban areas and a prevalence study of campylobacter in animal and environmental sources in the eastern townships, quebec. isolates were typed using multilocus seq ...201324386265
the bactericidal activity of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules against helicobacter pylori.helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that establishes long life infections responsible for chronic gastric ulcer diseases and a proved risk factor for gastric carcinoma. the therapeutic properties of carbon-monoxide releasing molecules (corms) led us to investigate their effect on h. pylori. we show that h. pylori 26695 is susceptible to two widely used corms, namely corm-2 and corm-3. also, several h. pylori clinical isolates were killed by corm-2, including those resistant to metronidazole. moreo ...201324386154
the role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders.mammals live in a co-evolutionary association with the plethora of microorganisms that reside at a variety of tissue microenvironments. the microbiome represents the collective genomes of these co-existing microorganisms, which is shaped by host factors such as genetics and nutrients but in turn is able to influence host biology in health and disease. niche-specific microbiome, prominently the gut microbiome, has the capacity to effect both local and distal sites within the host. the gut microbi ...201324370461
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