Publications

invasion of the placenta during murine listeriosis.	feto-placental infections due to listeria monocytogenes represent a major threat during pregnancy, and the underlying mechanisms of placental invasion remain poorly understood. here we used a murine model of listeriosis (pregnant mice, infected at day 14 of gestation) to investigate how this pathogen invades and grows within the placenta to ultimately infect the fetus. when l. monocytogenes is injected intravenously, the invasion of the placenta occurs early after the initial bacteremia, allowin ...	2006	16369023
listeria monocytogenes 10403s htra is necessary for resistance to cellular stress and virulence.	the htra serine protease has been shown to be essential for bacterial virulence and for survival after exposure to many types of environmental and cellular stresses. a listeria monocytogenes 10403s htra mutant was found to be sensitive to oxidative and puromycin-induced stress at high temperatures, showed a reduced ability to form biofilms, and was attenuated for virulence in mice.	2006	16369036
listeria spp. in the coastal environment of the aqaba gulf, suez gulf and the red sea.	listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen which causes an infection called listeriosis. because of the high mortality rate (~30%) associated with listeriosis, and the widespread nature of the organism, it is a major concern for food and water microbiologists since it has been isolated from various types of foods, including seafood, as well as from the aqueous environment. to investigate the prevalence of this pathogen in the aqaba gulf (12 sites), suez gulf (14 sites) and red sea (14 sites ...	2006	16371177
lactobacillus plantarum inhibits growth of listeria monocytogenes in an in vitro continuous flow gut model, but promotes invasion of l. monocytogenes in the gut of gnotobiotic rats.	the ability of the pediocin ach producing lactobacillus plantarum dden 11007 and its non-producing plasmid-cured isogenic variant, dden 12305 to prevent the persistence and growth of listeria monocytogenes ep2 in two gastrointestinal (gi) tract models was examined. in vitro studies conducted in a two-stage continuous flow system showed that l. plantarum dden 11007 inhibited l. monocytogenes ep2 under these conditions, while less effect was seen of the non-bacteriocin producing variant. the inhib ...	2006	16376449
leger: knowledge database and visualization tool for comparative genomics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic listeria species.	listeria species are ubiquitous in the environment and often contaminate foods because they grow under conditions used for food preservation. listeria monocytogenes, the human and animal pathogen, causes listeriosis, an infection with a high mortality rate in risk groups such as immune-compromised individuals. furthermore, l.monocytogenes is a model organism for the study of intracellular bacterial pathogens. the publication of its genome sequence and that of the non-pathogenic species listeria ...	2006	16381897
the streptococcal blr and slr proteins define a family of surface proteins with leucine-rich repeats: camouflaging by other surface structures.	regions with tandemly arranged leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) have been found in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, in which they provide a remarkably versatile framework for the formation of ligand-binding sites. bacterial lrr proteins include the recently described slr protein of streptococcus pyogenes, which is related to internalin a of listeria monocytogenes. here, we show that strains of the human pathogen streptococcus agalactiae express a protein, designated blr, which together with ...	2006	16385027
identification of listeria monocytogenes genes contributing to intracellular replication by expression profiling and mutant screening.	a successful transition of listeria monocytogenes from the extracellular to the intracellular environment requires a precise adaptation response to conditions encountered in the host milieu. although many key steps in the intracellular lifestyle of this gram-positive pathogen are well characterized, our knowledge about the factors required for cytosolic proliferation is still rather limited. we used dna microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr analyses to investigate the transcriptiona ...	2006	16385046
central nervous system tumor immunity generated by a recombinant listeria monocytogenes vaccine targeting tyrosinase related protein-2 and real-time imaging of intracranial tumor burden.	previously, we demonstrated that a recombinant listeria monocytogenes (rlm) vector encoding the melanoma-associated antigen, tyrosinase related protein (trp)-2, could successfully treat subcutaneous b16 melanomas. the purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to test whether this rlm-nucleoprotein (np)/trp-2 could generate antitumor immunity to a b16 tumor challenge in the immunologically privileged central nervous system (cns) and 2) to develop a noninvasive imaging modality to monitor tumor ...	2006	16385341
antilisterial activity of grape juice and grape extracts derived from vitis vinifera variety ribier.	grape juice and skin and seed extracts of vitis vinifera var. ribier black table grapes were found to be highly inhibitory towards listeria monocytogenes. this grape juice was also active against all other listeria species tested but not against bacillus cereus, salmonella menston, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus or yersinia enterocolitica. fractionation of the extracts showed that the antilisterial activity was strongest in the polymeric phenolic fractions. two different types of active ...	2006	16386816
control of listeria monocytogenes in raw-milk cheeses.	the development of listeria monocytogenes in cheeses made with raw-milk originating from six different farms and according to the saint-nectaire cheesemaking technology was studied. milk was inoculated with two strains of l. monocytogenes at 5 to 10 cfu/25 ml. microbial and chemical analyses were carried out at appropriate intervals during ripening. l. monocytogenes did not grow in the cores of cheeses prepared with milk originating from three farms. that inhibition could be partially attributed ...	2006	16386817
structural basis for metal binding specificity: the n-terminal cadmium binding domain of the p1-type atpase cada.	in bacteria, p1-type atpases are responsible for resistance to di- and monovalent toxic heavy metals by taking them out of the cell. these atpases have a cytoplasmic n terminus comprising metal binding domains defined by a betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold and a cxxc metal binding motif. to check how the structural properties of the metal binding site in the n terminus can influence the metal specificity of the atpase, the first structure of a cd(ii)-atpase n terminus was determined by nmr and its ...	2006	16388822
a spontaneous genomic deletion in listeria ivanovii identifies lipi-2, a species-specific pathogenicity island encoding sphingomyelinase and numerous internalins.	listeria ivanovii differs from the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes in that it specifically affects ruminants, causing septicaemia and abortion but not meningo-encephalitis. the genetic characterization of spontaneous l. ivanovii mutants lacking the virulence factor smcl (sphingomyelinase) led us to identify lipi-2, the first species-specific pathogenicity island from listeria. besides smcl, this 22 kb chromosomal locus encodes 10 internalin (inl) proteins: i-inlb1 and -b2 are large/surface ...	2006	16390439
bloodstream infections in organ transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab: no evidence of occurrence of organisms typically associated with profound t cell depletion.	alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against cd52, a cell surface antigen expressed on b and t lymphocytes, monocytes and nk cells. its use results in a profound decrease in cd4 positive t lymphocytes. alemtuzumab is used as induction immunosuppression and therapy for rejection in organ transplant recipients in some centers. we followed a cohort of 449 consecutive transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab to determine the occurrence of bloodstream infections, particularly ...	2006	16403576
solid-phase synthesis of polyfunctionalized natural products: application to usnic acid, a bioactive lichen compound.		2006	16398547
tnf receptor type 2 (p75) functions as a costimulator for antigen-driven t cell responses in vivo.	naive t cells require costimulation for robust ag-driven differentiation and survival. members of the tnfr family have been shown to provide costimulatory signals conferring survival at distinct phases of the t cell response. in this study, we show that cd4 and cd8 t cells depend on tnfr type 2 (p75) for survival during clonal expansion, allowing larger accumulation of effector cells and conferring protection from apoptosis for a robust memory pool in vivo. we demonstrate using the mhc class i-r ...	2006	16393990
bovine peptidoglycan recognition protein-s: antimicrobial activity, localization, secretion, and binding properties.	peptidoglycan (pgn) recognition proteins (pgrps) are pattern recognition molecules of innate immunity that are conserved from insects to humans. various pgrps are reported to have diverse functions: they bind bacterial molecules, digest pgn, and are essential to the toll pathway in drosophila. one family member, bovine pgn recognition protein-s (bpgrp-s), has been found to bind and kill microorganisms in a pgn-independent manner, raising questions about the identity of the bpgrp-s ligand. addres ...	2006	16394004
multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in us regulatory policy.	listeriosis, a life-threatening foodborne illness caused by listeria monocytogenes, affects approximately 2500 americans annually. between july and october 2002, an uncommon strain of l. monocytogenes caused an outbreak of listeriosis in 9 states.	2006	16323088
listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages i and iii possess distinct molecular features.	a collection of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages i and iii were examined by pcr and southern blot analysis using species-, virulence-, and serotype-specific primers and probes. whereas four serotype 4b lineage i strains reacted in pcr with the serotype 4b-, 4d-, and 4e-specific orf2110 and virulence-specific lmo1134 and lmo2821 primers, all nine serotype 4b lineage iii strains were negative by orf2110 and lmo1134 primers. in addition, the nine serotype 4b lineage ...	2006	16390972
fourier transform infrared and raman spectroscopy for characterization of listeria monocytogenes strains.	the purpose of this study was to characterize the variation in biochemical composition of 89 strains of listeria monocytogenes with different susceptibilities towards sakacin p, using fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy and raman spectroscopy. the strains were also analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. based on their susceptibilities to sakacin p, the 89 strains have previously been divided into two groups. using the ftir spectra and aflp data, the str ...	2006	16391047
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by food-borne yeasts.	many bacteria are known to inhibit food pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes, by secreting a variety of bactericidal and bacteriostatic substances. in sharp contrast, it is unknown whether yeast has an inhibitory potential for the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food. a total of 404 yeasts were screened for inhibitory activity against five listeria monocytogenes strains. three hundred and four of these yeasts were isolated from smear-ripened cheeses. most of the yeasts were identified by f ...	2006	16391059
persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure.	livestock manures contain numerous microorganisms which can infect humans and/or animals, such as escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mycobacterium paratuberculosis). the effects of commonly used manure treatments on the persistence of these pathogens have rarely been compared. the objective of this study was to compare the persistence of artificially inoculated m. paratuberculosis, as well as other naturally occurri ...	2006	16391093
competitive fitness of listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b strains in mixed cultures with and without food in the u.s. food and drug administration enrichment protocol.	thirteen different serotypes of the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes have been described. serotype 4b strains are most often associated with illness, and serotype 1/2a strains are most often isolated from foods and processing plants. different abilities to respond to stresses have been described for serotype 4b and 1/2a strains. one of the common enrichment protocols used to test foods for the presence l. monocytogenes is described in the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) bacteri ...	2006	16391118
ccpc-dependent regulation of citb and lmo0847 in listeria monocytogenes.	in bacillus subtilis, the catabolite control protein c (ccpc) plays a critical role in regulating the genes encoding the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid branch of the krebs citric acid cycle. a gene encoding a potential ccpc homolog and two potential target genes were identified in the listeria monocytogenes genome. in vitro gel mobility shift assays and dnase i footprinting experiments showed that l. monocytogenes ccpc (ccpc(lm)) interacts with the promoter regions of citb(lm) (the gene that ...	2006	16352834
innate immune responses in nf-kappab-repressing factor-deficient mice.	nf-kappab-repressing factor (nrf) is a transcriptional silencer protein that specifically counteracts the basal activity of several nf-kappab-dependent promoters by direct binding to specific neighboring dna sequences. in cell culture experiments, the reduction of nrf mrna leads to a derepression of beta interferon, interleukin-8, and inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription. the x chromosome-located single-copy nrf gene is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a protein of 690 amino acids. th ...	2006	16354699
quantification of listeria monocytogenes in salads by real time quantitative pcr.	a real time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr) was carried out purifying dna extracts of listeria monocytogenes using a high pure listeria sample preparation kit and quantifying in a lightcycler system with hybridisation probes. a standard curve was constructed with serial dilutions. a range linear relationship, from 10 to 10(5)l. monocytogenes colony forming units (cfu), was observed between threshold cycle (ct) and logarithmic concentration of the serial dilutions. the assay was linear in a range from ...	2006	16289408
multiple synergizing factors contribute to the strength of the cd8+ t cell response against listeriolysin o.	immunodominance in cd8+ t cell responses against listeria monocytogenes is a well-recognized but still not fully understood phenomenon. from listeriolysin, the major virulence factor of l. monocytogenes, only a single epitope, pllo91-99, is presented by mhc class i molecules in balb/c mice which dominates the cytotoxic t cell response against this bacterial pathogen. to obtain more insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immunodominance of this particular epitope, we compa ...	2006	16291651
a study of the role of multiple site blood cultures in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis.	the optimal number of blood cultures needed to document sepsis in an ill neonate has undergone little critical evaluation. multiple site cultures may improve pathogen detection if intermittent bacteremia occurs, or if a low density of bacteria is present in the blood. we hypothesized, however, that bacterial clearance is slower and bacteremia more continuous in septic neonates, so that a single site blood culture should be sufficient to accurately document true septicemia.objective:to determine ...	2006	16292335
influence of kinetic parameters of high pressure processing on bacterial inactivation in a buffer system.	high pressure processing is recently applied in the food industry to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. bacterial cells exhibit various barosensibility, and the role of pressurization, depressurization and constant pressure stage remain unknown. we investigated the effect of high pressure processing on salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes cells at 400 and 500 mpa respectively in buffer ph 7 at 20 degrees c. we applied various pressurization/depressurization kinetic r ...	2006	16293331
monitoring changes in nisin susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes scott a as an indicator of growth phase using facs.	listeria monocytogenes has previously been shown to adapt to a wide variety of environmental niches, principally those associated with low ph, and this compromises its control in food environments. an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which l. monocytogenes survives unfavourable environmental conditions will aid in developing new food processing methods to control the organism in foodstuffs. the present study aimed to gain a further understanding of the physiological basis for the differentia ...	2006	16316702
sequencing and expression analysis of the sakacin p bacteriocin produced by a lactobacillus sakei strain isolated from naturally fermented sausages.	a lactobacillus sakei strain, designated as i151 and isolated from naturally fermented sausages, was found to produce the sakacin p bacteriocin which is active against listeria monocytogenes. in this study, we performed the sequencing of the gene cluster involved in the production of the sakacin p, and we followed the expression of the sppa gene, encoding for the bacteriocin, in vitro, using rogosa-sharpe medium, and in situ, inoculating the strain in fermented sausages as starter culture. the r ...	2006	16231175
characterization of the bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/glutathione synthetase (gshf) of pasteurella multocida.	glutamate-cysteine ligase (gamma-ecl) and glutathione synthetase (gs) are the two unrelated ligases that constitute the glutathione biosynthesis pathway in most eukaryotes, purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria. gamma-ecl is a member of the glutamine synthetase family, whereas gs enzymes group together with highly diverse carboxyl-to-amine/thiol ligases, all characterized by the so-called two-domain atp-grasp fold. this generalized scheme toward the formation of glutathione, however, is incomplete, ...	2006	16339152
nationwide outbreak of listeriosis due to contaminated meat.	we used molecular subtyping to investigate an outbreak of listeriosis involving residents of 24 us states. we defined a case as infection with listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b yielding one of several closely related patterns when subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. patients infected with strains yielding different patterns were used as controls. a total of 108 cases were identified with 14 associated deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. a case-control study implicated meat fr ...	2006	16318652
gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts.	gastrointestinal infections in the immunocompromised host continue to have significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. they all have similar exposures to viruses, bacteria and parasites and respond to these infections in a similar way. this review will summarize the latest reports on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of known and emerging infections over the last 12 months.	2006	16319672
detection of listeria monocytogenes and the toxin listeriolysin o in food.	listeria monocytogenes is an emerging bacterial foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an illness characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, and septicaemia. less commonly, infection can result in cutaneous lesions and flu-like symptoms. in pregnant women, the pathogen can cause bacteraemia, and stillbirth or premature birth of the fetus. the mortality rate for those contracting listeriosis is approximately 20%. currently, the united states has a zero tolerance policy regarding the pres ...	2006	16310269
establishment of an experimental system allowing immobilization of proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis cells.	gram-positive bacteria code for one or more enzymes termed sortases which catalyze the covalent anchoring of substrate proteins on their cell wall. they recognize an amino acid sequence designated sorting motif, present close to the c-terminal end of the substrate proteins, cleave within this motif and catalyze anchoring of the polypeptide chain to the peptide crossbridge linking the peptidoglycan strands in a transpeptidation reaction. bacillus subtilis has been reported to code for two differe ...	2006	16310271
il-12-assisted immunization against listeria monocytogenes using replication-restricted vsv-based vectors.	co-administration of il-12 with vaccine immunogens has proven to be an effective strategy for eliciting potent th1-biased immunity. unfortunately, the use of il-12 as a vaccine component has been limited because it is unstable at ambient temperatures, expensive to produce, and toxic when administered at excessive dosages. using reverse genetics, we created a recombinant replication-restricted vesicular stomatitis virus that expresses large quantities of an il-12 fusion protein (vsvdeltag-il12f), ...	2006	16310294
a systematic approach to determine global thermal inactivation parameters for various food pathogens.	thermal inactivation of pathogens has been studied extensively, which has resulted in a wide range of d- and z-values. estimating the inactivation rate for a specific condition based on these reported values is difficult, since one has to select representative conditions, and data obtained exactly at the required representative conditions are generally not available. therefore, a first step could be to globally assess a heat treatment taking into account largest effects only. once the most impor ...	2006	16274824
light enhances the bactericidal activity of human monocytes and neutrophils via hvem.	human monocytes and neutrophils play major roles in clearing bacteria from human blood and tissues. we found that the herpes virus entry mediator (hvem) was highly expressed in monocytes and neutrophils, and its interaction with "homologous to lymphotoxins, shows inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d for hvem/tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-related 2" (light) enhanced bactericidal activity against listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the light-hvem ...	2006	16275888
purification and characterization of curvaticin l442, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus l442.	lactobacillus curvatus l442, isolated from greek traditional fermented sausage prepared without the addition of starters, produces a bacteriocin, curvaticin l442, which is active against the pathogen listeria monocytogenes. the bacteriocin was purified by 50% ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation exchange, reverse phase and gel filtration chromatography. partial n-terminal sequence analysis using edman degradation revealed 30 amino acid residues, revealing high homology with the amino acid seq ...	2006	16244793
statistical analysis of inactivation of listeria monocytogenes subjected to high hydrostatic pressure and heat in milk buffer.	previous unpublished experimental results of fractional factorial experiments showed that significant external factors affecting high-pressure processing (hpp) inactivation were pressure, temperature, and pressure holding time. based on these results, response surface methodology (rsm) was employed in the present work, and a quadratic equation for hpp inactivation was built with rsm. by analyzing response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots and by solving the quadratic equation, ...	2006	16158281
expression and purification of human antimicrobial peptide, dermcidin, in escherichia coli.	human dermcidin, an anionic antimicrobial peptide expressed in the pons of the brain and the sweat glands, displays antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. here, we describe the recombinant production of a 48 amino acid dermcidin variant with c-terminal homoserine lactone (dcd-1hsl). dermcidin coding sequence was cloned downstream of a 125 amino acid ketosteroid isomerase gene and upstream of a his6tag sequence in pet-31b(+) ve ...	2006	16125410
a case of rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes successfully treated with linezolid.	infection of the central nervous system due to listeria monocytogenes is uncommon. the treatment of choice is ampicillin. we describe in this report a case of rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes successfully treated with linezolid. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which linezolid was used to treat infection of the central nervous system caused by this organism.	2006	16126275
comparative characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from portuguese farmhouse ewe's cheese and from humans.	in order to investigate the possible relationships between listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from farmhouse ewe's cheese and clinical strains collected, in partially overlapping dates, from the same geographical area in portugal, a total of 109 isolates from seven ewe's cheese manufactures (n=94) and from humans (n=15) were characterized by serotyping, rapd, pfge and allelic analysis of the virulent acta gene. serotyping indicated the presence of four different serovars: 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c a ...	2006	16216366
effect of temperature, water-phase salt and phenolic contents on listeria monocytogenes growth rates on cold-smoked salmon and evaluation of secondary models.	salting and smoking are ancient processes for fish preservation. the effects of salt and phenolic smoke compounds on the growth rate of l. monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon were investigated through physico-chemical analyses, challenge tests on surface of cold-smoked salmon at 4 degrees c and 8 degrees c, and a survey of the literature. estimated growth rates were compared to predictions of existing secondary models, taking into account the effects of temperature, water phase salt content, phe ...	2006	16216370
use of bayesian modelling in risk assessment: application to growth of listeria monocytogenes and food flora in cold-smoked salmon.	an attempt to use a bayesian approach to model variability and uncertainty separately in microbial growth in a risk assessment is presented. it was conducted within the framework of a french project aiming at assessing the exposure to listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon. the chosen model describes the effect of time and temperature on bacterial growth. a bayesian approach close to the one proposed by pouillot et al. [int. j. food microbiol. 81 (2003) 87] is used to estimate the variabil ...	2006	16216374
automated image analysis of bacterial colony growth as a tool to study individual lag time distributions of immobilized cells.	a method to determine the individual lag time (lag) distributions of immobilized bacteria was presented. the method was based on the image analysis of the bacterial colony growth. the lag distributions were retrieved from the distributions of the detection times (td) required to form macroscopically visible colonies. using this method, the lag distributions on agar for listeria monocytogenes cells previously subjected to two situations reproducing conditions encountered during the contamination ...	2006	16185781
rhesus macaques with high levels of vaccine induced ifn-gamma producing cells better control viral set-point following challenge with siv239.	hiv-1 specific cellular immune responses play a significant part in controlling hiv-1 viral replication and are an important component of an hiv-1 vaccine induced immune response. we reported earlier that recombinant dna vaccine delivered intramuscularly, and recombinant listeria monocytogenes, delivered orally induced cd8+ and cd4+ t cell immune responses in rhesus macaques and that this vaccine protocol showed partial protection against an siv239 challenge. in this paper, we have analyzed the ...	2006	16185790
novel collectin/c1q receptor mediates mast cell activation and innate immunity.	mast cells play a critical role in innate immunity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. the receptor/ligand interactions that mediate mast cell activation are poorly defined. the alpha2beta1 integrin, a receptor for collagens, laminins, decorin, e-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1), endorepellin, and several viruses, has been implicated in normal developmental, inflammatory, and oncogenic processes. we recently reported that alpha2 integrin subunit-deficient mice exhibited markedly dimin ...	2006	16166590
prolonged dysphagia due to listeria-rhombencephalitis with brainstem abscess and acute polyradiculoneuritis.	we report a case of previously healthy student with acute rhombencephalitis and brainstem abscess caused by listeria monocytogenes. the disease begun with uncharacteristic prodromal symptoms of gastrointestinal infection followed by headache and vertigo. after hospital admission the patient rapidly deteriorated, presenting pronounced dysphagia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. the diagnosis was established upon clinical symptoms of infection, brainstem involvement, typica ...	2006	16260041
phospholipase c-gamma2 is essential for nk cell cytotoxicity and innate immunity to malignant and virally infected cells.	phospholipase c-gamma2 (plc-gamma2) is a key component of signal transduction in leukocytes. in natural killer (nk) cells, plc-gamma2 is pivotal for cellular cytotoxicity; however, it is not known which steps of the cytolytic machinery it regulates. we found that plc-gamma2-deficient nk cells formed conjugates with target cells and polarized the microtubule-organizing center, but failed to secrete cytotoxic granules, due to defective calcium mobilization. consequently, cytotoxicity was completel ...	2006	16204312
effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on reducing listeria monocytogenes contamination on seafood processing surfaces.	the effects of electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water on reducing listeria monocytogenes contamination on seafood processing surfaces were studied. chips (5 x 5 cm(2)) of stainless steel sheet (ss), ceramic tile (ct), and floor tile (ft) with and without crabmeat residue on the surface were inoculated with l. monocytogenes and soaked in tap or eo water for 5 min. viable cells of l. monocytogenes were detected on all chip surfaces with or without crabmeat residue after being held at room temperature f ...	2006	16219378
a novel method for measuring lag times in division of individual bacterial cells using image analysis.	a method is presented for determining the time to first division of individual bacterial cells growing on agar media. bacteria were inoculated onto agar-coated slides and viewed by phase-contrast microscopy. digital images of the growing bacteria were captured at intervals and the time to first division estimated by calculating the "box area ratio". this is the area of the smallest rectangle that can be drawn around an object, divided by the area of the object itself. the box area ratios of cell ...	2006	16169621
immunization with a gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inserted with a single helper t-cell epitope of an intracellular bacterium induces a specific t-cell subset and protective immunity.	we evaluated here the effect of immunization with a gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) inserted with a helper t cell (th) epitope, listeriolysin o (llo) 215-226 derived from listeria monocytogenes on induction of a specific th by gene gun bombardment. immunization of c3h/he mice with pgm215m plasmid encoding murine gm-csf inserted with llo 215-226 th epitope gave the epitope-specific proliferative responses of cd4(+) t lymphocytes. in addition, specific inter ...	2006	16169635
use of phenolic compounds for sensitizing listeria monocytogenes to high-pressure processing.	three listeria monocytogenes strains (scott a, osy-8578, and osy-328) that differ considerably in barotolerance were grown to stationary phase and suspended individually in phosphate buffer (ph 7.0). twelve phenolic compounds, including commercially used food additives, were screened for the ability to sensitize l. monocytogenes to high-pressure processing (hpp). each l. monocytogenes strain was exposed to each of the 12 phenolic compounds (100 ppm each) for 60 min; this was followed by a pressu ...	2006	16226329
dna vaccines against enteric infections.	the first dna vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases were described in 1993 and have since been shown to generate protective humoral and cellular immune responses to numerous infectious agents. for enteric infections, protective immunity has been obtained with dna vaccines against several enteric viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents. inoculation of dna vaccines has generally been by intramuscular injection or by gene gun delivery of vaccine dna-coated gold microparticles into the skin. ...	2006	16095769
detection of bacterial toxins with monosaccharide arrays.	a large number of bacterial toxins, viruses and bacteria target carbohydrate derivatives on the cell surface to attach and gain entry into the cell. we report here the use of a monosaccharide-based array to detect protein toxins. the array-based technique provides the capability to perform simultaneous multianalyte analyses. arrays of n-acetyl galactosamine (galnac) and n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) derivatives were immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide and were used as receptors f ...	2006	15946840
disruption of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and lactobacillus sakei cellular membranes by plant oil aromatics.	the role of membrane disruption in the bactericidal activity of the plant oil aromatic compounds eugenol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, changes in atp levels and cell viability. in 25 mm hepes buffer ph 7 at 20 degrees c, 10 mm eugenol or carvacrol increased uptake of propidium iodide by escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and lactobacillus sakei over a 10-min period. the same treatments resulted in lowered viability, rapid depletion ...	2006	16417936
a novel fluorescence imaging technique combining deconvolution microscopy and spectral analysis for quantitative detection of opportunistic pathogens.	a novel fluorescence imaging technique based on deconvolution microscopy and spectral analysis is presented here as an alternative to confocal laser scanning microscopy. it allowed rapid, specific and simultaneous identification of five major opportunistic pathogens, relevant for public health, in suspension and provided quantitative results.	2006	16887225
use of native lactococci as vehicles for delivery of dna into mammalian epithelial cells.	the use of the food-grade bacterium lactococcus lactis as a dna delivery vehicle at the mucosal level is an attractive dna vaccination strategy. previous experiments showed that recombinant l. lactis expressing the listeria monocytogenes inla gene can deliver a functional gene into mammalian cells. here, we explored the potential use of noninvasive l. lactis strains as a dna delivery vehicle. we constructed two escherichia coli-l. lactis shuttle plasmids, plig:blg1 and plig:blg2, containing a eu ...	2006	16963550
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in two allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.		2006	16966293
aberrant contraction of antigen-specific cd4 t cells after infection in the absence of gamma interferon or its receptor.	several lines of evidence from different model systems suggest that gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is an important regulator of t-cell contraction after antigen (ag)-driven expansion. to specifically investigate the role of ifn-gamma in regulating the contraction of ag-specific cd4 t cells, we infected ifn-gamma-/- and ifn-gammar1-/- mice with attenuated listeria monocytogenes and monitored the numbers of ag-specific cd4 t cells during the expansion, contraction, and memory phases of the immune re ...	2006	16966404
the response regulator resd modulates virulence gene expression in response to carbohydrates in listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes is a versatile bacterial pathogen that is able to accommodate to diverse environmental and host conditions. presently, we have identified a l. monocytogenes two-component response regulator, resd that is required for the repression of virulence gene expression known to occur in the presence of easily fermentable carbohydrates not found inside host organisms. structurally and functionally, resd resembles the respiration regulator resd in bacillus subtilis as deletion of the ...	2006	16968229
the uncoupling protein 2 modulates the cytokine balance in innate immunity.	the uncoupling protein 2 (ucp2) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and downregulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). recent data suggested a role for ucp2 in the immune response. we analyzed further this hypothesis during acute listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. death of infected ucp2(-/-) mice was delayed in comparison with ucp2(+/+), suggesting a role of ucp2 in the early step of the immune response. in vitro, the higher resistance of ucp2(-/-) mice was not ...	2006	16971137
involvement of closely related strains of a new clonal group of listeria monocytogenes in the 1998-99 and 2002 multistate outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis in the united states.	in 1998-99, a multistate outbreak of listeriosis in the united states was associated with contaminated hot dogs and was caused by a strain of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b that had been only rarely encountered before in the national pulsenet database. upon further characterization, the strains from this outbreak were designated as epidemic clone ii (ecii). ecii isolates exhibited diversification in a genomic region ("region 18") that was otherwise conserved among l. monocytogenes of serotyp ...	2006	16972778
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of listeria monocytogenes strains: the pulsenet europe feasibility study.	a feasibility study on standardized subtyping of listeria monocytogenes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was performed in 2003 in europe. the aim of the project was to identify veterinary, food, and public health reference laboratories that were willing to participate in the molecular surveillance of listeria infections in europe, as is done with pulsenet usa, and to test if the participants could generate results that were comparable with each other. a panel of strains and the methodo ...	2006	16972779
alpha-defensins from blood leukocytes of the monkey papio hamadryas.	three antimicrobial peptides named phd1-3 (papio hamadryas defensin) have been isolated from hamadryas baboon blood leukocytes using preparative electrophoresis and reverse-phase hplc. the primary structures of these peptides have been determined by automated edman degradation and mass-spectrometry. the results suggest that the peptides belong to the alpha-defensin family. structural homology analysis reveals that among alpha-defensins from other animal species, phd3 is the most closely related ...	2006	16978151
occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from oysters, fish, and estuarine water.	we analyzed the presence of listeria spp. in oyster, fish, and seawater samples and tested isolates for antibiotic sensitivity. listeria monocytogenes was found in 4.5% of fish samples and 8.3% of seawater samples and was not recovered from oysters. multiresistant environmental strains were found, representing a potential threat to human health.	2006	16980425
species-specific differences in the activity of prfa, the key regulator of listerial virulence genes.	prfa, the master regulator of lipi-1, is indispensable for the pathogenesis of the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes and the animal pathogen listeria ivanovii. prfa is also present in the apathogenic species listeria seeligeri, and in this study, we elucidate the differences between prfa proteins from the pathogenic and apathogenic species of the genus listeria. prfa proteins of l. monocytogenes (prfa(lm) and prfa*(lm)), l. ivanovii (prfa(li)), and l. seeligeri (prfa(ls)) were purified, and ...	2006	16980455
listeria monocytogenes flagella are used for motility, not as adhesins, to increase host cell invasion.	flagellar structures contribute to the virulence of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens either as the effectors of motility, as adhesins, or as a secretion apparatus for virulence factors. listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, gram-positive pathogen that uses flagella to increase the efficiency of epithelial cell invasion (a. bigot, h. pagniez, e. botton, c. frehel, i. dubail, c. jacquet, a. charbit, and c. raynaud, infect. immun. 73:5530-5539, 2005; l. dons, e. eriksson, y. jin, m. e. rottenb ...	2006	16982842
rapid development of a gamma interferon-secreting glycolipid/cd1d-specific valpha14+ nk1.1- t-cell subset after bacterial infection.	the phenotypic and functional changes of glycolipid presented by cd1d(glycolipid/cd1d) specific valpha14+ t cells in the liver of mice at early stages of bacterial infection were investigated. after listeria monocytogenes infection or interleukin-12 (il-12) treatment, alpha-galactosylceramide/cd1d tetramer-reactive (alpha-galcer/cd1d+) t cells coexpressing natural killer (nk) 1.1 marker became undetectable and, concomitantly, cells lacking nk1.1 emerged in both euthymic and thymectomized animals ...	2006	16988270
antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents.	the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ...	2006	16989308
listeria monocytogenes as a vector for tumor-associated antigens for cancer immunotherapy.	as a facultative intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes has adapted to live within the cytosol of the host cell. it is actively taken up by antigen-presenting cells through phagocytosis, and as listeria survive within these cells, it is an ideal vector for the delivery of antigens to be processed and presented through both the class i and ii antigen-processing pathways. once phagocytosed, listeria produces virulence factors within the phagolysosome of the host cell, which allows it to b ...	2006	16989634
ribotype diversity of listeria monocytogenes isolates from two salmon processing plants in norway.	the purpose of this study was to use automated ribotyping procedure to track listeria monocytogenes transmission in the cold smoked fish production chain and to characterize l. monocytogenes subtypes associated with the salmon processing industry. a total of 104 isolates, which had previously been obtained from a raw fish slaughter and processing plant (plant b) and an adjacent, downstream, salmon smoking operation (plant a), were characterized. these isolates had been obtained through a longitu ...	2006	16990178
prevalence and survival of listeria monocytogenes in danish aquatic and fish-processing environments.	listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat food products such as cold-smoked fish is often caused by pathogen subtypes persisting in food-processing environments. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether these l. monocytogenes subtypes can be found in the outside environment, i.e., outside food processing plants, and whether they survive better in the aquatic environment than do other strains. a total of 400 samples were collected from the outside environment, fish sla ...	2006	16995513
daily variability of listeria contamination patterns in a cold-smoked salmon processing operation.	an understanding of listeria transmission and contamination patterns in processing environments of ready-to-eat foods is critical for improving control of listeria monocytogenes. a cold-smoked fish processing operation was the site used to study variability in listeria contamination in a processing environment associated with a ready-to-eat food product throughout one production week (five consecutive days). intensive testing was conducted on finished products and environmental samples collected ...	2006	16995514
potassium lactate combined with sodium diacetate can inhibit growth of listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon and has no adverse sensory effects.	growth of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat fish products such as cold-smoked salmon is an important food safety issue. the objective of this study was to evaluate the antilisterial activity of potassium lactate (pl) in combination with sodium acetate (sa) or sodium diacetate (sda) in cold-smoked salmon and to determine whether these compounds could be incorporated easily into the formulations and technology currently used by processors. a commercial brine injector was used to inject salmon ...	2006	16995515
efficacy of electrolyzed water in the inactivation of planktonic and biofilm listeria monocytogenes in the presence of organic matter.	the ability of electrolyzed (eo) water to inactivate listeria monocytogenes in suspension and biofilms on stainless steel in the presence of organic matter (sterile filtered chicken serum) was investigated. a five-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes was treated with deionized, alkaline eo, and acidic eo water containing chicken serum (0, 5, and 10 ml/liter) for 1 and 5 min. coupons containing l. monocytogenes biofilms were also overlaid with chicken serum (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 ml/liter) and then ...	2006	16995516
comparison of media and sampling locations for isolation of listeria monocytogenes in queso fresco cheese.	listeriosis associated with hispanic-style soft cheese is an ongoing public health concern. although rapid detection methods based on molecular and immunological technologies have been applied successfully for detecting listeria monocytogenes in foods, obtaining isolates of the pathogen is a critical procedure for epidemiologic studies and regulatory analysis. oxford agar, a medium recommended by the u.s. food and drug administration bacteriological analytical manual (bam) to isolate l. monocyto ...	2006	16995517
virulence of listeria monocytogenes isolates from humans and smoked salmon, peeled shrimp, and their processing environments.	the virulence of 82 listeria monocytogenes isolates from human cases and cold-smoked salmon, cooked peeled shrimp, and their production environments was assessed using the plaque-forming assay and a subcutaneous inoculation test in mice. these isolates were previously typed using serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the isolates from food-production environments were collected in several surveys over the period of 5 years. sixty-eight (99.8%) of 69 isolates tested from food and food- ...	2006	16995518
occurrence of pathogens in raw and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected from the retail marketplace in edmonton, alberta, canada.	a total of 800 meat and poultry products were purchased from the retail marketplace in edmonton, alberta, canada. the products consisted of raw ground beef, chicken legs, pork chops, and ready-to-eat fermented sausage, roast beef, processed turkey breast, chicken wieners, and beef wieners. the samples were analyzed to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, salmonella, campylobacter spp., and listeria monocytogenes. shiga toxin-producing e. coli 022: h8 was found in o ...	2006	16995521
survival of staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged beef jerky and related products stored at 21 degrees c.	in the manufacture of beef jerky, a thermal lethality step is followed by drying to prevent growth of pathogenic bacterial postprocessing contaminants on the finished product. recent guidelines from the u.s. department of agriculture have raised the question of the maximum water activity (a(w)) in jerky products that will inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria. the survival of the potential postprocessing contaminants staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes was evaluated on 15 vacuum-pac ...	2006	16995535
activity of brassica oleracea leaf juice on foodborne pathogenic bacteria.	many vegetables of the cruciferae family have been found to possess antimicrobial properties against several microorganisms of clinical importance. in this study, we reported the antibacterial effect of brassica oleracea juice on several food-borne pathogens. the juice was found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of salmonella enteritidis, verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157:h7, e. coli hb producing thermolabile toxin, nontoxigenic e. coli, and listeria monocytogenes, but not enterococcus ...	2006	16995537
lymphocyte apoptosis as an immune subversion strategy of microbial pathogens.	apoptosis is a component of cellular death in several immunological reactions. lymphocyte apoptosis is a feature of negative selection of thymic lymphocytes. target cells die by apoptosis during their interaction with cytotoxic t cells. antigens derived from apoptotic cells can be cross-presented by antigen presenting cells (apcs). in these examples, apoptotic death is a beneficial feature for the individual. the apoptosis of cells also occurs during infection with a variety of microorganisms, b ...	2006	16997632
in vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract.	the rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. one potential candidate, bdle (dialysis at 10 to 12 kda cut-off) and its fractions ("s" and "l" by 3.5 kda cut-off and i, ii, iii, and iv by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, lysteria monocytogenes, esche ...	2006	16997795
use of dna arrays for the analysis of outbreak-related strains of listeria monocytogenes.	we evaluated the discriminative power and usefulness of the dna array technology as compared to dna macrorestriction pattern analysis for monitoring epidemiologically related clusters of listeria monocytogenes strains that differ slightly in dna macrorestriction patterns. we show that this approach allows clarifying the genetic basis of the pattern variations. in the reported outbreak, the differences were due to phage excision, showing the power of this technique in epidemiological studies.	2006	17002895
antibacterial agent discovery using thymidylate synthase biolibrary screening.	thymidylate synthase (ts, thya) catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate to 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate, an essential precursor for dna synthesis. a specific inhibition of this enzyme induces bacterial cell death. as a second round lead optimization design, new 1,2-naphthalein derivatives have been synthesized and tested against a ts-based biolibrary, including human thymidylate synthase (hts). docking studies have been performed to rationalize the experimen ...	2006	17004711
listeria monocytogenes subgroups iiia, iiib, and iiic delineate genetically distinct populations with varied pathogenic potential.	listeria monocytogenes lineage iii strains belonging to subgroups iiia (n = 8), iiib (n = 5), and iiic (n = 6) were examined along with other known serotype strains (n = 11) by pcr and southern hybridization using several recently described species-, virulence-, and serotype-specific primers and probes. the virulence of seven representative lineage iii strains was then evaluated in mice via the intraperitoneal route. the results suggest that subgroup iiia consists of typical rhamnose-positive av ...	2006	17005751
a truncated bacillus subtilis dal gene with a 3' ssra gene tag regulates the growth and virulence of racemase-deficient listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can elicit strong cellular immunity. an attenuated strain (lmdd) with deletions in two genes (dal and dat) required for d-alanine synthesis and viability has been shown to induce long-lived protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice when administered in the presence of the required amino acid. to bypass the necessity for exogenous d-alanine without compromising the safety of the original strain, the defect o ...	2006	17005988
first report of listeria monocytogenes endocarditis treated with linezolid.		2006	17008067
[a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent infant].	listeria monocytogenes meningitis is a rare affection after the neonatal period, but in immunocompromised patients. listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium frequently causing infection in pregnant women, in patients with cell-mediated immunity deficit and in the early and late stages of life. we present a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent nomad 8-month-child, preceded by gastroenteritis. although gastrointestinal symptoms may b ...	2006	17008849
il-10 is required for optimal cd8 t cell memory following listeria monocytogenes infection.	il-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a central role in maintaining a balance between protective immunity against infection and limiting proinflammatory responses to self or cross-reactive ags. we examined the full effects of il-10 deficiency on the establishment and quality of t cell memory using murine listeriosis as a model system. il-10(-/-) mice had reduced bacterial loads and a shorter duration of primary infection than did wild-type mice. however, the number of ag-spe ...	2006	16888018
cada, the cd2+-atpase from listeria monocytogenes, can use cd2+ as co-substrate.	cada is a membrane protein of the p-type atpase family which is the major determinant of the resistance to cd2+ in listeria monocytogenes. during its catalytic cycle, cada undergoes auto-phosphorylation from atp at asp398, which allows cd2+ translocation across the membrane. in the reverse mode, asp398 is phosphorylated from pi. from the data obtained so far, the cada catalytic mechanism is similar to that proposed for the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca2+-atpase, the model of the p-type atpase family ...	2006	16889884
aurelin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from jellyfish aurelia aurita with structural features of defensins and channel-blocking toxins.	a novel 40-residue antimicrobial peptide, aurelin, exhibiting activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, was purified from the mesoglea of a scyphoid jellyfish aurelia aurita by preparative gel electrophoresis and rp-hplc. molecular mass (4296.95 da) and complete amino acid sequence of aurelin (aacsdrahghicesfksfckdsgrngvklranckktcglc) were determined. aurelin has six cysteines forming three disulfide bonds. the total rna was isolated from the jellyfish mesoglea, rt-pcr and cloni ...	2006	16890198
heat-treatment of bovine colostrum. ii: effects of heating duration on pathogen viability and immunoglobulin g.	batches (30-l) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with mycoplasma bovis (10(8) cfu/ml), listeria monocytogenes (10(6) cfu/ml), escherichia coli o157:h7 (10(6) cfu/ml), salmonella enteritidis (10(6) cfu/ml), and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map; 10(3) cfu/ml), were heat-treated at 60 degrees c for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. duplicate 50-ml subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for ...	2006	16899682
[listeria meningitis in a patient with crohn's disease--a seldom, but clinically relevant adverse event of therapy with infliximab].	a 42-year-old man with steroid-dependent crohn's disease developed fever, vomiting and headache after the second administration of infliximab. extensive microbiological and biochemical work-up revealed an atypical meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes. after antibiotic therapy of 21 days duration, the patient could be discharged from hospital totally recovered without any further complications. as previously demonstrated, tnf-alpha plays an important role in resistance to listeria monocyto ...	2006	16902896
control of listeria superoxide dismutase by phosphorylation.	superoxide dismutases (sods) are enzymes that protect organisms against superoxides and reactive oxygen species (ros) produced during their active metabolism. ros are major mediators of phagocytes microbicidal activity. here we show that the cytoplasmic listeria monocytogenes mnsod is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues and less active when bacteria reach the stationary phase. we also provide evidence that the most active nonphosphorylated form of mnsod can be secreted via the seca2 ...	2006	16905535
evaluation of a new chromogenic agar for the detection of listeria in food.	rapid identification of listeria in food is important in protecting consumers from infection. the development of chromogenic media such as agar listeria according to ottaviani and agosti (aloa) has allowed more rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes, with presumptive identification of this pathogenic species after only 24 h of incubation. the aim of this study was to evaluate oxoid chromogenic listeria agar (ocla) in comparison with aloa and a traditional, nonchromogenic medium, oxford agar.	2006	16907821
an outbreak of salmonella abortusovis abortions in sheep in south croatia.	the aim of the study was to give an account of the epidemic of abortions in sheep caused by salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar abortusovis, which occurred in dalmatia, south croatia, in winter 2003-2004. five sheep flocks with rate of abortion ranging from 22% to 38% during the last-third of gestation were examined. salmonella abortusovis was isolated from 13 vaginal smears and two fetuses. direct inoculation was found to be superior to pre-enrichment and enrichment in selective broth for ...	2006	16907961
single-cell analysis divides bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells into subsets expressing either high or low levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase.	dendritic cells (dc) are important cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. dc have a key role in antigen processing and presentation to t cells. effector functions of dc related to innate immunity have not been explored extensively. we show that bovine monocyte-derived dc (mdc) express inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna and protein and produce no upon triggering with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and heat-killed listeria monocytogenes (hklm). an immunocytochemical an ...	2006	16908072
modified-atmosphere storage under subatmospheric pressure and beef quality: i. microbiological effects.	the microflora was studied in beef stored in stainless steel containers kept under reduced pressure (20 to 30 kpa) in a modified atmosphere (70% n2 + 30% co2 or pure co2) at 3 to 4 degrees c and 0 to 1 degrees c at a headspace:meat volume ratio of 2:1. samples were obtained at weekly intervals, 1 to 3 times. total colony counts (tcc) for pseudomonas spp. and brochothrix thermosphacta were generally 1 to 2 log10 cfu greater than in the control group of vacuum-packaged beef cuts stored at the same ...	2006	16908649