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aspergillus otitis in small animals--a retrospective study of 17 cases.aspergillus spp. are saprophytic opportunistic fungal organisms and are a common cause of otomycosis in humans. although there have been case reports of aspergillus otitis externa in dogs, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first retrospective case series describing aspergillus otitis in dogs and cats.201626748885
identification and characterization of haemofungin, a novel antifungal compound that inhibits the final step of haem biosynthesis.during recent decades, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, whereas the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low and unsatisfactory. the aim of this study was to characterize a novel antifungal compound, cw-8/haemofungin, which we previously identified in a screen for compounds affecting fungal cell wall integrity.201626747101
serological diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis: progress and challenges.prompt diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (abpm) is an important clinical issue in preventing irreversible lung damage. therefore, a good serological marker for the diagnosis of abpm is desired in clinical practice. the measurement of ige antibody to crude aspergillus fumigatus allergen is considered the first step in screening asthmatic patients for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). however, presence of ige to a. fumigatus does not always indicate genuine sensitization ...201626740298
the iron-responsive microsomal proteome of aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen. siderophore biosynthesis and iron acquisition are essential for virulence. yet, limited data exist with respect to the adaptive nature of the fungal microsomal proteome under iron-limiting growth conditions, as encountered during host infection. here, we demonstrate that under siderophore biosynthetic conditions--significantly elevated fusarinine c (fsc) and triacetylfusarinine c (tafc) production (p<0.0001), extensive microsomal proteom ...201626739764
draft genome sequence of the pathogenic filamentous fungus aspergillus lentulus ifm 54703t.aspergillus lentulus, a sibling species of aspergillus fumigatus, has been reported as a causative agent of aspergillosis, and exhibited low susceptibility to azole. here, we present the draft genome sequence of a. lentulus strain ifm 54703(t) for the first time.201626769945
aspergillus fumigatus produces two arabinofuranosidases from glycosyl hydrolase family 62: comparative properties of the recombinant enzymes.the genes of two α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfi and ii) from family gh 62 have been identified in the genome of aspergillus fumigatus wmo. both genes have been expressed in pichia pastoris and the enzymes have been purified and characterized. abfi is composed of 999 bp, does not contain introns and codes for a protein (abfi) of 332 amino acid residues. abfii has 1246 bp, including an intron of 51 bp; the protein abfii has 396 amino acid residues; it includes a family 1 carbohydrate-binding modul ...201626769705
immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on the immune response of macrophages stimulated by aspergillus fumigatus conidia.mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are known to exert potent immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory effects. there is growing interest in their use for immunotherapy for controlling inflammation as well as acute organ injury. however, there are few reports regarding msc's immunomodulatory effects in the settings of fungal infection. in this study, we attempted to examine the immunomodulatory effects of mscs in response to aspergillus fumigatus we measured the cytokine response of murine mscs on the ...201626768375
cyp51a-based mechanism of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus: illustration by a new 3d structural model of aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a protein.mutations of cyp51a protein (cytochrome p450 14-α sterol demethylase) play a central role in the azole resistance of aspergillus fumigatus the available structural models of cyp51a protein ofa. fumigatus are built based on that of homo sapiens and that of mycobacterium tuberculosis, of which the amino acid homology is only 38% and 29% compared with cyp51a protein ofa. fumigatus, respectively. in the present study, we constructed a new 3d structural model ofa. fumigatus cyp51a protein based on a ...201626768370
aspergillus fumigatus promotes t helper type 2 responses through thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by human corneal epithelial cells.fungal keratitis is a major cause of blindness. to understand the mechanism of both innate and adaptive immunity in corneal infection is of great significance in the treatment and prevention of fungal keratitis. our previous study concerned innate immunity. here, we explored the potential role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) in adaptive immunity of fungal keratitis.201626759304
epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in candida and aspergillus.the significant increase in the use of antifungal agents, both for the treatment of candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis and as azole fungicides in agricultural crop protection has resulted in the emergence of resistant clinical isolates, particularly to triazoles and echinocandins. notably, among isolates that were primarily sensitive to fluconazole such as candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis have witnessed an emerging resistance development. also for echinocandins, the occurrence of ...201626810669
effect of media modified to mimic cystic fibrosis sputum on the susceptibility of aspergillus fumigatus, and the frequency of resistance at one center.studies of cystic fibrosis (cf) patient exacerbations attributed topseudomonas aeruginosainfection have indicated a lack of correlation of outcome within vitrosusceptibility results. one explanation is that the media used for testing do not mimic the airway milieu, resulting in incorrect conclusions. therefore, media have been devised to mimic cf sputum.aspergillus fumigatusis the leading fungal pathogen in cf, and susceptibility testing is also used to decide therapeutic choices. we assessed wh ...201626810647
sequential inactivation of gliotoxin by the s-methyltransferase tmta.the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (etp) gliotoxin mediates toxicity via its reactive thiol groups and thereby contributes to virulence of the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. self-intoxication of the mold is prevented either by reversible oxidation of reduced gliotoxin or by irreversible conversion to bis(methylthio)gliotoxin. the latter is produced by the s-methyltransferase tmta and attenuates etp biosynthesis. here, we report the crystal structure of tmta in complex with s-(5'-aden ...201626808594
immunopet/mr imaging allows specific detection of aspergillus fumigatus lung infection in vivo.invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is a life-threatening lung disease caused by the fungus aspergillus fumigatus, and is a leading cause of invasive fungal infection-related mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies and bone marrow transplants. we developed and tested a novel probe for noninvasive detection of a. fumigatus lung infection based on antibody-guided positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance (immunopet/mr) imaging. administration of a [(64)cu]d ...201626787852
exploration of sulfur assimilation of aspergillus fumigatus reveals biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids as a virulence determinant.fungal infections are of major relevance due to the increased numbers of immunocompromised patients, frequently delayed diagnosis, and limited therapeutics. to date, the growth and nutritional requirements of fungi during infection, which are relevant for invasion of the host, are poorly understood. this is particularly true for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as so far, sources of (macro)elements that are exploited during infection have been identified to only a limited extent. here, we have ...201626787716
occurrence of mycotoxins and yeasts and moulds identification in corn silages in tropical climate.this study was aimed to identify yeasts and moulds as well as to detect mycotoxin in corn silages in southern minas gerais, brazil.201626787003
cd203c in patients with cystic fibrosis and allergy to aspergillus fumigatus. 201626782973
chronic aspergillus fumigatus colonization of the pediatric cystic fibrosis airway is common and may be associated with a more rapid decline in lung function.filamentous fungi are commonly isolated from the respiratory tract of cf patients, but their clinical significance is uncertain and the reported incidence variable. we report on the degree of aspergillus fumigatus airway colonization in a tertiary pediatric cf cohort, evaluate the sensitivity of routine clinical sampling at detecting a. fumigatus, and compare lung function of a. fumigatus-colonized and non-colonized children.we carried out an 8-year retrospective cohort analysis using local data ...201626782645
de-repression of csp-1 activates adaptive responses to antifungal azoles.antifungal azoles are the major drugs that are used to treat fungal infections. this study found that in response to antifungal azole stress, neurospora crassa could activate the transcriptional responses of many genes and increase azole resistance by reducing the level of conidial separation 1 (csp-1), a global transcription repressor, at azole-responsive genes. the expression of csp-1 was directly activated by the transcription factors wc-1 and wc-2. upon ketoconazole (ktc) stress, the transcr ...201626781458
microbial colonization and lung function in adolescents with cystic fibrosis.with intensified antibiotic therapy and longer survival, patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) are colonized with a more complex pattern of bacteria and fungi. however, the clinical relevance of these emerging pathogens for lung function remains poorly defined. the aim of this study was to assess the association of bacterial and fungal colonization patterns with lung function in adolescent patients with cf. microbial colonization patterns and lung function parameters were assessed in 770 adolescent ...201626856310
pharmacokinetics and concentration-dependent efficacy of isavuconazole for treatment of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.we studied the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the broad-spectrum triazole isavuconazole for the treatment of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) in persistently neutropenic rabbits. treatment started 24 h after endotracheal administration of aspergillus fumigatus inoculum; study subjects included rabbits receiving orally administered prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate (bal8557) equivalent to active moiety isavuconazole (isa; bal4815) at 20 (isa20), 40 (isa40), and 60 (isa60) mg/kg ...201626883703
chaetomium atrobrunneum and aspergillus fumigatus in multiple tracheal aspirates: copathogens or symbiosis.chaetomium atrobrunneum has never been reported to be associated with pneumonia. we report the isolation of c. atrobrunneum and aspergillus fumigatus from a chinese elderly patient with fatal pneumonia. branched, long, and septate hyphae were observed in potassium hydroxide preparations and gram-stained smears, and confluent c. atrobrunneum growth and a few a. fumigatus colonies were found in tracheal aspirates (nine separate occasions). these isolates were identified by conventional morphologic ...201626880338
clinical characteristics of patients with aspergillus species isolation from respiratory samples: comparison of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and colonization.with advancements in anti-fungal drugs, it has become more important to correctly diagnose chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa); however, it is not easy to distinguish cpa from colonization when aspergillus species are isolated from respiratory samples. the aim of the study was to clarify the particular clinical characteristics of patients with cpa vs. those with colonization.201626879478
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in organ transplants--focus on lung transplants.infections with filamentous fungi are common in transplant recipients. the risk for aspergillosis and other invasive pulmonary mycosis (ipm) is high in patients undergoing stem cell and lung transplantations. the mortality rates range from 20% to 60% and depend on a number of risk factors. the typical manifestations of ipm are lung infiltrates, consolidations, and fungal tracheobronchitis. the most common infectious agent is aspergillus fumigatus. infections caused by non-aspergillus molds are m ...201626879476
histidine biosynthesis plays a crucial role in metal homeostasis and virulence of aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen causing invasive fungal infections in immunosuppressed individuals. the histidine biosynthetic pathway is found in bacteria, archaebacteria, lower eukaryotes, and plants, but is absent in mammals. here we demonstrate that deletion of the gene encoding imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (hisb) in a. fumigatus causes (i) histidine auxotrophy, (ii) decreased resistance to both starvation and excess of various heavy metals, in ...201626854126
orbital apex syndrome caused by invasive aspergillosis as an adverse effect of systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a case report.continuous therapy with cytotoxic drugs suppresses humoral immune function and may result in local infection. we present a case of orbital apex syndrome caused by aspergillus infection during chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. a 74-year-old man with colorectal liver metastases under long-term continuous systemic chemotherapy presented with painful, progressive orbital apex syndrome. magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a small enhancing lesion around the right ethmoid sinus. we initi ...201626851046
t7-rna polymerase dependent rnai system in aspergillus fumigatus: a proof of concept study.an rnai system based on t7 rna polymerase (trnap) was designed and examined in aspergillus fumigatus. this system consists of two elements; an inducible t7rnap expressing cassette and an ama1-based episomal rnai plasmid. these constructs were transformed into the a. fumigatus protoplasts and the efficiency of this system was tested in downregulation of alb1 gene. upon the induction of t7rnap expression, the recombinant t7rnap was able to recognize t7 promoters, which were located on the episomal ...201626850443
purification, biochemical characterization and structural modelling of alkali-stable β-1,4-xylan xylanohydrolase from aspergillus fumigatus r1 isolated from soil.aspergillus fumigatus r1 produced xylanase under submerged fermentation which degrades the complex hemicelluloses contained in agricultural substrates. xylanases have gained considerable attention because of their tremendous applications in industries. the purpose of our study was to purify xylanase and study its biochemical properties. we have predicted the secondary structure of purified xylanase and evaluated its active site residues and substrate binding sites based on the global and local s ...201626847222
three extracellular dipeptidyl peptidases found in aspergillus oryzae show varying substrate specificities.three extracellular dipeptidyl peptidase genes, dppb, dppe, and dppf, were unveiled by sequence analysis of the aspergillus oryzae genome. we investigated their differential enzymatic profiles, in order to gain an understanding of the diversity of these genes. the three dipeptidyl peptidases were expressed using aspergillus nidulans as the host. each recombinant enzyme was purified and subsequently characterized. the enzymes displayed similar optimum ph values, but optimum temperatures, ph stabi ...201626846741
aspergillus mediastinitis after cardiac surgery.mediastinitis is a serious complication after cardiac surgery. while bacteria are the more common pathogens, fungal infections are rare. in particular, several cases of postoperative aspergillus mediastinitis have been reported, the majority of which had an extremely poor outcome.201626845443
a novel inhibition elisa for the detection and monitoring of penicillium marneffei antigen in human serum.the thermally dimorphic fungus penicillium marneffei is a causative agent of penicilliosis marneffei, a disease considered to be an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illness in southeast asia and southern china. we have developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inh-elisa) incorporating the yeast phase specific mannoprotein-binding monoclonal antibody 4d1 for the detection of p. marneffei infection. in our sample set, the test detected antigenemia in all 45 (100 ...201626838686
dectin-1 controls tlr9 trafficking to phagosomes containing β-1,3 glucan.dectin-1 and tlr9 play distinct roles in the recognition and induction of innate immune responses to aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. dectin-1 is a receptor for the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3 glucan that induces inflammatory cytokines and controls phagosomal maturation through spleen tyrosine kinase activation. tlr9 is an endosomal tlr that also modulates the inflammatory cytokine response to fungal pathogens. in this study, we demonstrate that β-1,3 glucan beads are su ...201626829985
identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures based on volatile biomarker combinations.volatile organic compound (voc) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as a non-invasive method to detect respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. since polymicrobial infections are common, we assessed whether we could distinguish pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures using the voc emissions. we took headspace samples of p. aeruginosa, a. fumigatus and co-cultures at 16, 24 and 48 h after inoculation, in which vocs were identified by thermal desorption ...201626824272
the signal peptide peptidase sppa is involved in sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage and hypoxia adaptation in aspergillus nidulans.using forward genetics, we revealed that the signal peptide peptidase (spp) sppa, an aspartyl protease involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip), is essential for hypoxia adaptation in aspergillus nidulans, as well as hypoxia-sensitive mutant alleles of a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp) srba and the dsc ubiquitin e3 ligase complex dsca-e. both null and dead activity [d337a] mutants of sppa failed to grow in hypoxia, and the growth defect of δsppa was complemented by ...201626822492
molecular-based allergy diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized japanese patients. 201626817858
a high throughput method for rapid screening of chitosanase-producing fungal strain under acidic conditions.a novel high-throughput method was established for rapid screening of a large numbers of aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) mutants with high chitosanase production under acidic culture condition by exploiting the fact that iodine can be used as the indicator to stain chitosan but is ineffective for chitooligosaccharides. the mutant population was generated by irradiating a. fumigatus cicc 2434 with co(60)-γ rays. mutants were cultured on acidic plates containing colloidal chitosan and prelimi ...201627628334
deciphering the counterplay of aspergillus fumigatus infection and host inflammation by evolutionary games on graphs.microbial invaders are ubiquitously present and pose the constant risk of infections that are opposed by various defence mechanisms of the human immune system. a tight regulation of the immune response ensures clearance of microbial invaders and concomitantly limits host damage that is crucial for host viability. to investigate the counterplay of infection and inflammation, we simulated the invasion of the human-pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus in lung alveoli by evolutionary games on gra ...201627291424
melanin targets lc3-associated phagocytosis (lap): a novel pathogenetic mechanism in fungal disease.intracellular swelling of conidia of the major human airborne fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus results in surface exposure of immunostimulatory pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and triggers activation of a specialized autophagy pathway called lc3-associated phagocytosis (lap) to promote fungal killing. we have recently discovered that, apart from pamps exposure, cell wall melanin removal during germination of a. fumigatus is a prerequisite for activation of lap. importantly, m ...201627028978
high intracellular concentrations of posaconazole do not impact on functional capacities of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro.posaconazole is a commonly used antifungal for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. we previously demonstrated that the intracellular concentration of posaconazole in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) was greatly increased compared to the plasma concentration. as these professional phagocytes are crucial to combat fungal infections, we set out to investigate if and how, beneficial or deleterious, this high loading of intra ...201627021317
antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of the troglophilic ground beetle laemostenus (pristonychus) punctatus (dejean, 1828) (insecta: coleoptera: carabidae).the antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion released by adult individuals of the troglophilic ground beetle laemostenus (pristonychus) punctatus (dejean, 1828), applying microdilution method with the aim to detect minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration, has been investigated. in addition, morphology of the pygidial glands is observed. we have tested 16 laboratory and clinical strains of human pathogens - eight bact ...201627018928
functional characterization of the woronin body protein wsca of the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus.woronin bodies are fungal-specific organelles that seal damaged hyphal compartments and thereby contribute to the stress resistance and virulence of filamentous fungi. in this study, we have characterized the aspergillus fumigatus woronin body protein wsca. wsca is homologous to neurospora crassa wsc, a protein that was shown to be important for biogenesis, segregation and positioning of woronin bodies. wsca and wsc both belong to the mpv17/pmp22 family of peroxisomal membrane proteins. an a. fu ...201627016805
characterization of a novel double-stranded rna mycovirus conferring hypovirulence from the phytopathogenic fungus botryosphaeria dothidea.a novel double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus, designated as botryosphaeria dothidea rna virus 1 (bdrv1), isolated from a hypovirulent strain yzn115 of botryosphaeria dothidea was biologically and molecularly characterized. the genome of bdrv1 comprises of five dsrnas. each dsrna contains a single open reading frame. the proteins encoded by dsrna1-4 shared significant amino acid identities of 55%, 47%, 43% and 53% with the corresponding proteins of aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1. dsrna1, 3, ...201627015523
emerging threats in antifungal-resistant fungal pathogens.the use of antifungal drugs in the therapy of fungal diseases can lead to the development of antifungal resistance. resistance has been described for virtually all antifungal agents in diverse pathogens, including candida and aspergillus species. the majority of resistance mechanisms have also been elucidated at the molecular level in these pathogens. drug resistance genes and genome mutations have been identified. therapeutic choices are limited for the control of fungal diseases, and it is tem ...201627014694
mitogen activated protein kinases saka(hog1) and mpkc collaborate for aspergillus fumigatus virulence.here, we investigated which stress responses were influenced by the mpkc and saka mitogen-activated protein kinases of the high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) pathway in the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. the δsaka and the double δmpkc δsaka mutants were more sensitive to osmotic and oxidative stresses, and to cell wall damaging agents. both mpkc::gfp and saka::gfp translocated to the nucleus upon osmotic stress and cell wall damage, with saka::gfp showing a quicker response. the phosphorylat ...201626878695
proteomic analysis of pathogenic fungi reveals highly expressed conserved cell wall proteins.we are presenting a quantitative proteomics tally of the most commonly expressed conserved fungal proteins of the cytosol, the cell wall, and the secretome. it was our goal to identify fungi-typical proteins that do not share significant homology with human proteins. such fungal proteins are of interest to the development of vaccines or drug targets. protein samples were derived from 13 fungal species, cultured in rich or in minimal media; these included clinical isolates of aspergillus, candida ...201626878023
saturation mutagenesis on arg244 of the tryptophan c4-prenyltransferase fgapt2 leads to enhanced catalytic ability and different preferences for tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides.fgapt2 from aspergillus fumigatus catalyzes a friedel-crafts alkylation at c-4 of l-tryptophan and is involved in the biosynthesis of the ergot alkaloids fumigaclavines. several tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides had also been prenylated by fgapt2, but the turnover rate (k cat) was low. here, we report the generation of fgapt2 mutants by saturation mutagenesis at the amino acid residue arg244 to improve its catalytic efficiency toward cyclic dipeptides. thirteen mutated enzymes demonstrated ...201626875876
a potential link between tslp/tslpr/stat5 and tlr2/myd88/nfκb-p65 in human corneal epithelial cells for aspergillus fumigatus tolerance.our previous studies reported that pattern recognition receptors (prrs), including the cell surface toll-like receptors (tlrs) and cytoplasmic nod-like receptors (nlrs), recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) to initiate downstream signal cascades to active immunity responses. thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) has recently emerged as a key cytokine in the development of type 2 adaptive immune responses. however, the crosstalk between prrs and tslp has not been well elucidated ...201626874828
concomitant presence of aspergillus fumigatus and stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the respiratory tract: a new risk for patients with liver disease?concomitant lung colonization by aspergillus fumigatus and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was reported mainly in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and immunocompromised patients. the aim of the study was to assess the frequency of co-culture of a. fumigatus and s. maltophilia in respiratory samples of hospitalized patients, and to determine its associated factors. between 2007 and 2011, all patients who had a. fumigatus in their respiratory samples were retrospectively enrolled in the study. thei ...201626872817
editorial: advances in aspergillus fumigatus pathobiology. 201626870009
in-depth 2-de reference map of aspergillus fumigatus and its proteomic profiling on exposure to itraconazole.aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) is a medically important opportunistic fungus that may lead to invasive aspergillosis in humans with weak immune system. proteomic profiling of this fungus on exposure to itraconazole (itc), an azole antifungal drug, may lead to identification of its molecular targets and better understanding on the development of drug resistance against itc in a. fumigatus. here, proteome analysis was performed using 2-de followed by mass spectrometric analysis which resulte ...201626868900
synthesis and evaluation of thiophene-based guanylhydrazones (iminoguanidines) efficient against panel of voriconazole-resistant fungal isolates.a series of new thiophene-based guanylhydrazones (iminoguanidines) were synthesized in high yields using a straightforward two-step procedure. the antifungal activity of compounds was evaluated against a wide range of medicaly important fungal strains including yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes in comparison to clinically used drug voriconazole. cytotoxic properties of compounds were also determined using human lung fibroblast cell line and hemolysis assay. all guanylhydrazones showed significant ...201626867487
novel motif in calcineurin catalytic subunit is required for septal localization of calcineurin in aspergillus fumigatus.calcineurin heterodimer, comprised of the catalytic (cnaa) and regulatory (cnab) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct growth, septation, and disease in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. here we discovered a novel motif (fmdvf) required for this critical cnaa septal localization, including residues phe368, asp370 and phe372 overlapping the cyclosporine a-cyclophilin a-binding domain, cnab-binding helix and the fk506-fkbp12-binding pocket. mutations in adjacent residu ...201626864964
cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to aspergillus granuloma: a case report and review of the literature.cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of sphenoid aspergillosis. the rarity of this pathology makes its diagnostic very difficult on a clinical, biological and radiological sense. the authors present a case of cavernous sinus thrombosis with ipsilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis secondary to a non-invasive sphenoid aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host, responsible of a cavernous syndrome associated to a claude bernard horner syndrome. one year after surgery, ...201626860234
novel illudalane sesquiterpenes from encephalartos villosus lehm. antimicrobial activity.phytochemical investigation of encephalartos villosus lehm. leaves afford two new illudalane sesquiterpenes namely encephaldiene 1 and encephaldiene 2 together with four known flavone glycosides, luteolin-7-rutinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-rhamnoside and apigenin-7-glucoside. the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including 1d and 2d nmr experiments along with hresims spectrometry. antimicrobial activity of chcl3 and meoh extracts w ...201627010619
a rare case of aspergillus pericarditis with associated myocardial abscess and echocardiographic response to therapy.myocardial abscess is an extremely rare entity and is often deadly in nature. we present a case of a patient with recent orthotopic liver transplant, on immunosuppression, who presented with cardiac tamponade due to aspergillus fumigatus pericarditis and associated myocardial abscess. the diagnosis was made based on computed tomography imaging, culture of pericardial fluid for aspergillus, and transthoracic echocardiography. the patient received antifungal therapy with clinical improvement and d ...201627009593
high prevalence of clinical and environmental triazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus in iran: is it a challenging issue?triazole antifungal agents are the mainstay of aspergillosis treatment. as highlighted in numerous studies, the global increase in the prevalence of triazole resistance could hamper the management of aspergillosis. in the present three-year study, 513 samples (213 clinical and 300 environmental samples) from 10 provinces of iran were processed and screened in terms of azole resistance (4 and 1 mg l-1 of itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively), using selective plates. overall, 150 a. fumigat ...201627008655
hypoxia attenuates anti-aspergillus fumigatus immune responses initiated by human dendritic cells.aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic mould that causes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa), a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. during the course of ipa, localised areas of tissue hypoxia occur. bacterial infection models revealed that hypoxic microenvironments modulate the function of host immune cells. however, the influence of hypoxia on anti-fungal immunity has been largely unknown. we evaluated the impact of hypoxia on the human anti-a. fumigatus immune respo ...201627005862
antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of three ground beetle species (insecta: coleoptera: carabidae).the antimicrobial properties of the pygidial gland secretions released by the adults of the three ground beetle species, carabus ullrichii, c. coriaceus, and abax parallelepipedus, have been tested. microdilution method was applied for detection of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs), and minimal fungicidal concentrations (mfcs). additionally, morpho-histology of the pygidial glands is investigated. we have tested 16 laboratory and clinical strain ...201627000261
anti-aspergillus immunoglobulin-g testing in serum of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a major clinical problem in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct). acquisition of ia during allo-hsct by inhalation of spores is the rationale for the widespread use of air filtration systems. recent data suggest that activation of fungal growth in already colonized patients is a relevant factor, and a recent study found a positive correlation of serum immunoglobulin responses against purified recombinant asper ...201626998687
the hypoxia-induced dehydrogenase hora is required for coenzyme q10 biosynthesis, azole sensitivity and virulence of aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant airborne pathogenic fungus causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. during infection a. fumigatus has to adapt to oxygen-limiting conditions in inflammatory or necrotic tissue. previously, we identified a mitochondrial protein to be highly up-regulated during hypoxic adaptation. here, this protein was found to represent the novel oxidoreductase hora. in saccharomyces cerevisiae a homologue was shown to play a role in biosynthesis of c ...201626991818
bronchiectasis: current concepts in pathogenesis, immunology, and microbiology.bronchiectasis is a disorder of persistent lung inflammation and recurrent infection, defined by a common pathological end point: irreversible bronchial dilatation arrived at through diverse etiologies. this suggests an interplay between immunogenetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, bacterial infection, and lung damage. the damaged epithelium impairs mucus removal and facilitates bacterial infection with increased cough, sputum production, and airflow obstruction. lung infection is caused ...201626980162
[tslpr/stat5 signaling modulates innate immunity in corneal fibroblasts triggered by aspergillus fumigatus].to study the primary role of tslpr/stat5 signaling in inflammatory responses triggered by aspergillus fumigatus(af) in telomerase-immortalized human stromal fibroblasts (thsf).201626979118
comparison of reflectance confocal microscopy and two-photon second harmonic generation microscopy in fungal keratitis rabbit model ex vivo.fungal keratitis is an infection of the cornea by fungal pathogens. diagnosis methods based on optical microscopy could be beneficial over the conventional microbiology method by allowing rapid and non-invasive examination. reflectance confocal microscopy (rcm) and two-photon second harmonic generation microscopy (tpshgm) have been applied to pre-clinical or clinical studies of fungal keratitis. in this report, rcm and tpshgm were characterized and compared in the imaging of a fungal keratitis r ...201626977371
proteomic profiling of serological responses to aspergillus fumigatus antigens in patients with invasive aspergillosis.aspergillus fumigatus is the species that most commonly causes the opportunistic infection invasive aspergillosis (ia) in patients being treated for hematological malignancies. little is known about the a. fumigatus proteins that trigger the production of aspergillus-specific igg antibodies during the course of ia. to characterize the serological response to a. fumigatus protein antigens, mycelial proteins were separated by 2-d gel electrophoresis. the gels were immunoblotted with sera from pati ...201626974881
detection of a serum siderophore by lc-ms/ms as a potential biomarker of invasive aspergillosis.invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a life-threatening systemic mycosis caused primarily by aspergillus fumigatus. early diagnosis of ia is based, in part, on an immunoassay for circulating fungal cell wall carbohydrate, galactomannan (gm). however, a wide range of sensitivity and specificity rates have been reported for the gm test across various patient populations. to obtain iron in vivo, a. fumigatus secretes the siderophore, n,n',n"-triacetylfusarinine c (tafc) and we hypothesize that tafc may r ...201626974544
isolated orbital aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients: a multicenter study.to report clinicopathologic features, radiologic findings, and treatment outcomes of isolated, orbital aspergillosis.201626973050
functional analysis of the gene controlling hydroxylation of festuclavine in the ergot alkaloid pathway of neosartorya fumigata.bioactive ergot alkaloids produced by several species of fungi are important molecules in agriculture and medicine. much of the ergot alkaloid pathway has been elucidated, but a few steps, including the gene controlling hydroxylation of festuclavine to fumigaclavine b, remain unsolved. festuclavine is a key intermediate in the fumigaclavine branch of the ergot alkaloid pathway of the opportunistic pathogen neosartorya fumigata and also in the dihydrolysergic acid-based ergot alkaloid pathway of ...201626972831
subcellular compartmentalization and trafficking of the biosynthetic machinery for fungal melanin.protection by melanin depends on its subcellular location. although most filamentous fungi synthesize melanin via a polyketide synthase pathway, where and how melanin biosynthesis occurs and how it is deposited as extracellular granules remain elusive. using a forward genetic screen in the pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, we find that mutations in an endosomal sorting nexin abolish melanin cell-wall deposition. we find that all enzymes involved in the early steps of melanin biosynthesis are recru ...201626972005
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of bis-[4-methoxy-3-(6-aryl-7h-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazin-3-yl)phenyl]methanes and bis-[(triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazipin-3-yl)phenyl]methanes.a series of novel bis-[4-methoxy-3-(6-aryl-7h-[1,2,4]tria zolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazin-3-yl)phenyl]methanes and bis-[(triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazipin-3-yl)phenyl]methanes ( 5a-e & 6a-e ) has been synthesized and characterized by ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, ms and elemental analysis. all the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, klobsinella aerogenes and chromobacteriumviolaceum and antifungal activity against candid ...201626970802
[aspergillus fumigatus mediastinitis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient after heart surgery].postsurgical aspergillosis occurs primarily in immunocompetent patients whose main predisposing factor is the loss of skin and mucosal integrity during surgery. local infection tends to be destructive and refractory to treatment and relapses are common. it is important to consider aspergillosis in the differential diagnosis of slowly progressive and destructive surgical site infections with negative bacterial cultures. we present the case of a child who developed aspergillus fumigatus mediastini ...201626965883
pkc-δ activation in neutrophils promotes fungal clearance.the c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 and the integrin mac-1 have key roles in controlling fungal infection. here, we demonstrate that dectin-1- and mac-1-induced activation of protein kinase cδ in neutrophils, independent of the card9 adaptor, is required for reactive oxygen species production and for intracellular killing upon candida albicans uptake. protein kinase cδ was also required for zymosan-induced cytokine generation in neutrophils. in macrophages, protein kinase cδ deficiency prevented ...201626965632
inhibition of trem-1 and dectin-1 alleviates the severity of fungal keratitis by modulating innate immune responses.to explore the possibility that inhibiting triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (trem-1) and dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin-1(dectin-1) could modulate the innate immune response and alleviate the severity of corneal fungal keratitis.201626963514
spacer-free bodipy fluorogens in antimicrobial peptides for direct imaging of fungal infection in human tissue.fluorescent antimicrobial peptides are promising structures for in situ, real-time imaging of fungal infection. here we report a fluorogenic probe to image aspergillus fumigatus directly in human pulmonary tissue. we have developed a fluorogenic trp-bodipy amino acid with a spacer-free c-c linkage between trp and a bodipy fluorogen, which shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement in hydrophobic microenvironments. the incorporation of our fluorogenic amino acid in short antimicrobial peptides doe ...201626956772
distinct roles of myosins in aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth and pathogenesis.myosins are a family of actin-based motor proteins found in many organisms and are categorized into classes based on their structures. class ii and v myosins are known to be important for critical cellular processes, including cytokinesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and organelle trafficking, in the model fungi saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus nidulans however, the roles of myosins in the growth and virulence of the pathogen aspergillus fumigatus are unknown. we constructed single- and dou ...201626953327
expression of s100b during the innate immune of corneal epithelium against fungi invasion.to explore the expression of s100b in corneal epithelial cells under aspergillus stimulation both in vivo and in vitro.201626949634
co-regulation of dectin-1 and tlr2 in inflammatory response of human corneal epithelial cells induced by aspergillus fumigates.to investigate the co-regulation of dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin-1 (dectin-1), toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), and relative chemotactic factors in the telomease-immortalized human corneal epithelial (thce) cells after exposure to aspergillus fumigatus (af) hyphae.201626949633
comparison of the composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of green branches and leaves of egyptian navel orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck var. malesy).the essential oils isolated from the leaves and green branches of the egyptian navel orange trees were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. a total of 33 and 24 compounds were identified from the oils of the leaves and branches accounting for 96.0% and 97.9%, respectively, of the total detected constituents. the major ones were sabinene (36.5; 33.0%), terpinen-4-ol (8.2; 6.2%), δ-3-carene (7.0; 9.4%), limonene (6.8; 18.7%), trans-ocimene (6.7; 6.1%), and β-myrcene (4.5; 4.4%). the antimicrobial activities ...201626948682
multiple brain abscesses due to aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with liver cirrhosis: a case report.invasive cerebral aspergillosis always developed in immunocompromised host. early diagnosis may save life in this critical condition; however, it is difficult to reach. herein, we presented an unusual case of invasive cerebral aspergillosis in a cirrhotic patient. a 47-year-old man presented with progressive deterioration of consciousness for three days. the patient had a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, child-pugh class c. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of brain showed multi-focal parenc ...201626945363
[identification of microorganisms related to chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with variable common immunodeficiency].the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is 52%. the patients with cvid show higher incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis, which is an inflammatory disease that affects the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.201626943827
in silico analysis revealed high-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms in human pentraxin-3 gene and their impact on innate immune response against microbial pathogens.pentraxin-3 (ptx-3) protein is an evolutionary conserved protein that acts as a soluble pattern-recognition receptor for pathogens and plays important role in innate immune response. it recognizes various pathogens by interacting with extracellular moieties such as glactomannan of conidia (aspergillus fumigatus), lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus pneumonia and salmonella typhimurium. thus, ptx-3 protein helps to clear these pathogens by activating downstream innate immu ...201626941719
identification of aspergillus fumigatus multidrug transporter genes and their potential involvement in antifungal resistance.aspergillus fumigatus can cause severe fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients but is also found in the environment. a. fumigatus infections can be treated with antifungals agents among which azole and echinocandins. resistance to the class of azoles has been reported not only from patient samples but also from environmental samples. azole resistance mechanisms involve for most isolates alterations at the site of the azole target (cyp51a); however, a substantial number of isol ...201626933209
galactosaminogalactan of aspergillus fumigatus, a bioactive fungal polymer.galactosaminogalactan (gag) is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the mycelium of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus gag is the first polysaccharide described as a virulence factor in medical mycology. this review presents our current knowledge of the structural organization and biosynthesis of this polymer. the function of this molecule as an adhesin that also masks aspergillus pamps and the impact of gag on the modulation of the host immune response by induc ...201626932183
diversity and origins of indian multi-triazole resistant strains of aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is a widespread opportunistic fungal pathogen causing an alarmingly high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. nosocomial infections by drug-resistant a. fumigatus strains are of particular concern, and there is a pressing need to understand the origin, dispersal and long-term evolution of drug resistance in this organism. the objective of this study was to investigate the diversity and putative origins of triazole resistance of a. fumigatus from india. eighty-nine ...201626931802
biofilm filtrates of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients inhibit preformed aspergillus fumigatus biofilms via apoptosis.pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and aspergillus fumigatus (af) colonize cystic fibrosis (cf) patient airways. pa culture filtrates inhibit af biofilms, and pa non-cf, mucoid (muc-cf) and nonmucoid cf (nmuc-cf) isolates form an ascending inhibitory hierarchy. we hypothesized this activity is mediated through apoptosis induction. one af and three pa (non-cf, muc-cf, nmuc-cf) reference isolates were studied. af biofilm was formed in 96 well plates for 16 h ± pa biofilm filtrates. after 24 h, apoptosis ...201626930399
identification of ferrichrome- and ferrioxamine b-mediated iron uptake by aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen for immunocompromised patients, and genes involved in siderophore metabolism have been identified as virulence factors. recently, we identified the membrane transporters sit1 and sit2, which are putative virulence factors of a. fumigatus; sit1 and sit2 are homologous to yeast sit1, and sit1 and sit2 gene expression was up-regulated after iron depletion. when expressed heterologously in saccharomyces cerevisiae, sit1 and sit2 were localize ...201626929401
the role of basophil activation test in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and aspergillus fumigatus sensitization in cystic fibrosis patients.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and aspergillus fumigatus sensitization (afs) are quite often observed in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of basophil activation test (bat) in these manifestations of hypersensitivity reactions.201626922860
inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis by myriocin produces the double effect of reducing pathological inflammation and exerting antifungal activity against a. fumigatus airways infection.fungal infections develop in pulmonary chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and cystic fibrosis (cf). the available antifungal drugs may fail to eradicate fungal pathogens, that can invade the lungs and vessels and spread by systemic circulation taking advantage of defective lung immunity. an increased rate of sphingolipid de novo synthesis, leading to ceramide accumulation, was demonstrated in cf and copd inflamed lungs. the inhibitor of sph ...201626922830
synthesis of newer 1,2,3-triazole linked chalcone and flavone hybrid compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.the present study was carried out in an attempt to synthesize a new class of antimicrobial and antiplasmodial agents by copper catalyzed click chemistry to afford 25 compounds 10-14(a-e) of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of chalcones and flavones. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral data. the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positiv ...201626922227
the contribution of aspergillus fumigatus stress responses to virulence and antifungal resistance.invasive aspergillosis has emerged as one of the most common life-threatening fungal disease of humans. the emergence of antifungal resistant pathogens represents a current and increasing threat to society. in turn, new strategies to combat fungal infection are urgently required. fungal adaptations to stresses experienced within the human host are a prerequisite for the survival and virulence strategies of the pathogen. here, we review the latest information on the signalling pathways in aspergi ...201626920884
recent advances in the understanding of the aspergillus fumigatus cell wall.over the past several decades, research on the synthesis and organization of the cell wall polysaccharides of aspergillus fumigatus has expanded our knowledge of this important fungal structure. besides protecting the fungus from environmental stresses and maintaining structural integrity of the organism, the cell wall is also the primary site for interaction with host tissues during infection. cell wall polysaccharides are important ligands for the recognition of fungi by the innate immune syst ...201626920883
developmental regulators in aspergillus fumigatus.the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen causing severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. this fungus produces a large number of small hydrophobic asexual spores called conidia as the primary means of reproduction, cell survival, propagation, and infectivity. the initiation, progression, and completion of asexual development (conidiation) is controlled by various regulators that govern expression of thousand ...201626920882
human fungal pathogens: why should we learn?human fungal pathogens that cause invasive infections are hidden killers, taking lives of one and a half million people every year. however, research progress in this field has not been rapid enough to effectively prevent or treat life-threatening fungal diseases. to update recent research progress and promote more active research in the field of human fungal pathogens, eleven review articles concerning the virulence mechanisms and host interactions of four major human fungal pathogens-candida a ...201626920875
adsorption characteristics and preparative separation of chaetominine from aspergillus fumigatus mycelia by macroporous resin.chaetominine (cha) is a quinazolinone alkaloid with strong anti-cancer activity produced by aspergillus fumigatus cy018. for recovering cha from a. fumigates efficiently, adsorption and desorption capacities of eight macroporous resins were tested in this work. based on batch experiments, xad-16 resin was revealed the best adsorption and desorption performance among all the tested resins. then, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were constructed on xad-16 resin, and the experimental da ...201626919448
aspergillus fumigatus and mesophilic moulds in air in the surrounding environment downwind of non-hazardous waste landfill sites.non-hazardous waste landfilling has the potential to release biological agents into the air, notably mould spores. some species, such as aspergillus fumigatus, may be a cause of concern for at-risk nearby residents. however, air concentration in the surrounding environment of non-hazardous waste landfill sites is poorly documented. an extensive sampling programme was designed to investigate the relationship between culturable mesophilic moulds and a. fumigatus concentrations in air and distance ...201626915642
synthesis, molecular docking and evaluation of antifungal activity of ni(ii), co(ii) and cu(ii) complexes of porphyrin core macromolecular ligand.porphyrin core dendrimeric ligand (l) was synthesized by rothemund synthetic route in which p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and pyrrole were fused together. the prepared ligand was complexed with ni(ii), cu(ii) and co(ii) ions, separately. both the ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic studies (ft-ir, uv-vis, (1)hnmr). square planar geometries were proposed for cu(ii), ni(ii) and co(ii) ions in cobalt, nickel and copper complexes, respectively on the basis of ...201626911647
role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling in regulating neutrophil antifungal activity and the oxidative burst during respiratory fungal challenge.granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating myeloid cell host defense. in this study, we demonstrated that gm-csf signaling plays an essential role in antifungal defense against aspergillus fumigatus. mice that lack the gm-csf receptor β chain (gm-csfrβ) developed invasive hyphal growth and exhibited impaired survival after pulmonary challenge with a. fumigatus conidia. gm-csfrβ signaling regulated the recruitment o ...201626908736
the aspergillus fumigatus damage resistance protein family coordinately regulates ergosterol biosynthesis and azole susceptibility.ergosterol is a major and specific component of the fungal plasma membrane, and thus, the cytochrome p450 enzymes (erg proteins) that catalyze ergosterol synthesis have been selected as valuable targets of azole antifungals. however, the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus has developed worldwide resistance to azoles largely through mutations in the cytochrome p450 enzyme cyp51 (erg11). in this study, we demonstrate that a cytochrome b5-like heme-binding damage resistance protein (dap) ...201626908577
molecular characterization of gβ-like protein cpcb involved in antifungal drug susceptibility and virulence in a. fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is an airborne human fungal pathogen that can survive in a wide range of environmental condition. g protein complex transduces external signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior effectors in all eukaryotes. gβ-like cpcb (cross pathway control b) belongs to a wd40 repeat protein family with the conserved g-h and w-d residues. previous studies have demonstrated that gβ-like proteins cooperate with related signal transduction proteins to function during ...201626903985
assessment of the cytotoxic and apoptotic eἀects of chaetominine in a human leukemia cell line.chaetominine is a quinazoline alkaloid originating from the endophytic fungus aspergillus fumigatus cy018. in this study, we showed evidence that chaetominine has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human leukemia k562 cells and investigated the pathway involved in chaetominine-induced apoptosis in detail. chaetominine inhibited k562 cell growth, with an ic50 value of 35 nm, but showed little inhibitory effect on the growth of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the high apoptosis rates, mo ...201626902083
aspergillus pcr in serum for the diagnosis, follow-up and prognosis of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients.we evaluated the usefulness of a serum aspergillus pcr assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive aspergillosis in a study involving 941 patients for a total of 5146 serum samples. fifty-one patients had proven/probable aspergillosis. we compared galactomannan (gm), pcr and mycologic analysis of pulmonary samples in both neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients. pcr performed in serum yielded 66.7% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, 75.6% positive predictive value and 98.0% negative predictiv ...201626899830
multi-azole resistant aspergillus fumigatus harboring cyp51a tr46/y121f/t289a isolated in japan.multi-azole resistant aspergillus fumigatus carrying tr46/y121f/t289a was isolated from a patient in japan in dec 2013. this strain grouped into the same clade of the ones which were clinically isolated in france and germany. a. fumigatus harboring this mutation could be rapidly diffused outside the eurasian continent.201626898666
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