Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| development of scar markers for rapid and specific detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time pcr. | specific primers were developed to detect the causal agent of stone fruit bacterial canker using conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. pcr melting profile (pcr mp) used for analysis of diversity of pseudomonas syringae strains, allowed to pinpoint the amplified fragments specific for p. syringae pv. morsprunorum race 1 (psm1) and race 2 (psm2), which were sequenced. using obtained data, specific sequence characterised amplified region (scar) primers were designed. c ... | 2016 | 26830104 |
| a phytophthora infestans rxlr effector targets plant pp1c isoforms that promote late blight disease. | plant pathogens deliver effectors to alter host processes. knowledge of how effectors target and manipulate host proteins is critical to understand crop disease. here, we show that in planta expression of the rxlr effector pi04314 enhances leaf colonization by phytophthora infestans via activity in the host nucleus and attenuates induction of jasmonic and salicylic acid-responsive genes. pi04314 interacts with three host protein phosphatase 1 catalytic (pp1c) isoforms, causing their re-localizat ... | 2016 | 26822079 |
| altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in arabidopsis thaliana. | calcium, as a second messenger, transduces extracellular signals into cellular reactions. a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). we reported previously the isolation of arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid mamp derived from bacterial flagellin. | 2016 | 26822404 |
| photoinhibition and photoinhibition-like damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in tobacco leaves induced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci under light and dark conditions. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pst), which is the pathogen responsible for tobacco wildfire disease, has received considerable attention in recent years. the objective of this study was to clarify the responses of photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) to pst infection in tobacco leaves. | 2016 | 26811180 |
| transcriptome sequencing in response to salicylic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza. | salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional chinese herbal medicine, whose quality and yield are often affected by diseases and environmental stresses during its growing season. salicylic acid (sa) plays a significant role in plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the involved regulatory factors and their signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. in order to identify the genes involved in sa signaling, the rna sequencing (rna-seq) strategy was employed to evaluate the transcriptional pro ... | 2016 | 26808150 |
| elucidating the diversity of aquatic microdochium and trichoderma species and their activity against the fish pathogen saprolegnia diclina. | animals and plants are increasingly threatened by emerging fungal and oomycete diseases. amongst oomycetes, saprolegnia species cause population declines in aquatic animals, especially fish and amphibians, resulting in significant perturbation in biodiversity, ecological balance and food security. due to the prohibition of several chemical control agents, novel sustainable measures are required to control saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. previously, fungal community analysis by terminal re ... | 2016 | 26805821 |
| overexpression of rice wall-associated kinase 25 (oswak25) alters resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. | wall-associated kinases comprise a sub-family of receptor-like kinases that function in plant growth and stress responses. previous studies have shown that the rice wall-associated kinase, oswak25, interacts with a diverse set of proteins associated with both biotic and abiotic stress responses. here, we show that wounding and bth treatments induce oswak25 transcript expression in rice. we generated oswak25 overexpression lines and show that these lines exhibit a lesion mimic phenotype and enhan ... | 2016 | 26795719 |
| how microbes twist jasmonate signaling around their little fingers. | plant immunity relies on a complex network of hormone signaling pathways in which jasmonic acid (ja) plays a central role. successful microbial pathogens or symbionts have developed strategies to manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to cause hormonal imbalances for their own benefit. these strategies include the production of plant hormones, phytohormone mimics, or effector proteins that target host components to disrupt hormonal signaling pathways and enhance virulence. here, we describe ... | 2016 | 27135229 |
| de novo transcriptome analyses of host-fungal interactions in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.). | basal stem rot (bsr) is a fungal disease in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) which is caused by hemibiotrophic white rot fungi belonging to the ganoderma genus. molecular responses of oil palm to these pathogens are not well known although this information is crucial to strategize effective measures to eradicate bsr. in order to elucidate the molecular interactions between oil palm and g. boninense and its biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum, we compared the root transcriptomes of untreate ... | 2016 | 26781612 |
| the c2 protein from the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus decreases sensitivity to jasmonates and suppresses jasmonate-mediated defences. | an increasing body of evidence points at a role of the plant hormones jasmonates (jas) in determining the outcome of plant-virus interactions. geminiviruses, small dna viruses infecting a wide range of plant species worldwide, encode a multifunctional protein, c2, which is essential for full pathogenicity. the c2 protein has been shown to suppress the ja response, although the current view on the extent of this effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms is incomplete. in this work, we use a ... | 2016 | 27135228 |
| an effector of the irish potato famine pathogen antagonizes a host autophagy cargo receptor. | plants use autophagy to safeguard against infectious diseases. however, how plant pathogens interfere with autophagy-related processes is unknown. here, we show that pexrd54, an effector from the irish potato famine pathogen phytophthora infestans, binds host autophagy protein atg8cl to stimulate autophagosome formation. pexrd54 depletes the autophagy cargo receptor joka2 out of atg8cl complexes and interferes with joka2's positive effect on pathogen defense. thus, a plant pathogen effector has ... | 2016 | 26765567 |
| network-based comparative analysis of arabidopsis immune responses to golovinomyces orontii and botrytis cinerea infections. | a comprehensive exploration of common and specific plant responses to biotrophs and necrotrophs is necessary for a better understanding of plant immunity. here, we compared the arabidopsis defense responses evoked by the biotrophic fungus golovinomyces orontii and the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea through integrative network analysis. two time-course transcriptional datasets were integrated with an arabidopsis protein-protein interaction (ppi) network to construct a g. orontii conditional ... | 2016 | 26750561 |
| the ubiquitin system and jasmonate signaling. | the ubiquitin (ub) system is involved in most, if not all, biological processes in eukaryotes. the major specificity determinants of this system are the e3 ligases, which bind and ubiquitinate specific sets of proteins and are thereby responsible for target recruitment to the proteasome or other cellular processing machineries. the ub system contributes to the regulation of the production, perception and signal transduction of plant hormones. jasmonic acid (ja) and its derivatives, known as jasm ... | 2016 | 27135226 |
| grp-3 and kapp, encoding interactors of wak1, negatively affect defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides and local response to wounding. | conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) act as danger signals to activate the plant immune response. these molecules are recognized by surface receptors that are referred to as pattern recognition receptors. oligogalacturonides (ogs), damps released from the plant cell wall homogalacturonan, have also been proposed to act as local signals in the response to wounding. the arabidopsis wall-associated kinase 1 (wak1), a receptor of og ... | 2016 | 26748394 |
| nuclear function of subclass i actin-depolymerizing factor contributes to susceptibility in arabidopsis to an adapted powdery mildew fungus. | actin-depolymerizing factors (adfs) are conserved proteins that function in regulating the structure and dynamics of actin microfilaments in eukaryotes. in this study, we present evidence that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) subclass i adfs, particularly adf4, functions as a susceptibility factor for an adapted powdery mildew fungus. the null mutant of adf4 significantly increased resistance against the adapted powdery mildew fungus golovinomyces orontii. the degree of resistance was further ... | 2016 | 26747284 |
| aspartyl protease-mediated cleavage of bag6 is necessary for autophagy and fungal resistance in plants. | the bcl-2-associated athanogene (bag) family is an evolutionarily conserved group of cochaperones that modulate numerous cellular processes. previously we found that arabidopsis thaliana bag6 is required for basal immunity against the fungal phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. however, the mechanisms by which bag6 controls immunity are obscure. here, we address this important question by determining the molecular mechanisms responsible for bag6-mediated basal resistance. we show that arabidopsis bag ... | 2016 | 26739014 |
| the plastidial retrograde signal methyl erythritol cyclopyrophosphate is a regulator of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid crosstalk. | the exquisite harmony between hormones and their corresponding signaling pathways is central to prioritizing plant responses to simultaneous and/or successive environmental trepidations. the crosstalk between jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) is an established effective mechanism that optimizes and tailors plant adaptive responses. however, the underlying regulatory modules of this crosstalk are largely unknown. global transcriptomic analyses of mutant plants (ceh1) with elevated levels ... | 2016 | 26733689 |
| overcoming substrate limitations for improved production of ethylene in e. coli. | ethylene is an important industrial compound for the production of a wide variety of plastics and chemicals. at present, ethylene production involves steam cracking of a fossil-based feedstock, representing the highest co2-emitting process in the chemical industry. biological ethylene production can be achieved via expression of a single protein, the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe), found in some bacteria and fungi; it has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to steam cracking, provi ... | 2016 | 26734073 |
| microrna-induced negative regulation of tlr-5 in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small non-coding rnas that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. however, the role of mirnas in antibacterial defence in fish has not been fully determined. here, we identified that nine mirnas are differentially expressed in kidney between susceptible and resistant grass carp strains. analysis of spatial and temporal mirna expression patterns suggests that cid-mirn-115 and mir-142a-3p are potential regulators of anti-bacterial activity. overexpre ... | 2016 | 26727169 |
| the mechanistic targets of antifungal agents: an overview. | pathogenic fungi are a major causative group for opportunistic infections (ois). aids patients and other immunocompromised individuals are at risk for ois, which if not treated appropriately, contribute to the mortality associated with their conditions. several studies have indicated that the majority of hiv-positive patients contract fungal infections throughout the course of their disease. similar observations have been made regarding the increased frequency of bone marrow and organ transplant ... | 2016 | 26776224 |
| direct capture technologies for genomics-guided discovery of natural products. | microbes are important producers of natural products, which have played key roles in understanding biology and treating disease. however, the full potential of microbes to produce natural products has yet to be realized; the overwhelming majority of natural product gene clusters encoded in microbial genomes remain "cryptic", and have not been expressed or characterized. in contrast to the fast-growing number of genomic sequences and bioinformatic tools, methods to connect these genes to natural ... | 2016 | 26456469 |
| screening for expressed nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases using lc-ms/ms-based proteomics. | liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms)-based proteomics is a powerful technique for the profiling of protein expression in cells in a high-throughput fashion. herein we report a protocol using lc-ms/ms-based proteomics for the screening of enzymes involved in natural product biosynthesis, such as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) and polyketide synthases (pkss) from bacterial strains. taking advantage of the large size of modular nrpss and pkss (often >200 kda), size-based separa ... | 2016 | 26831706 |
| psychrophile spoilers dominate the bacterial microbiome in musculature samples of slaughter pigs. | the aim of this study was to disentangle the microbial diversity on porcine musculature. the hypervariable v1-v2 region of the 16s rrna gene was amplified from dna samples of clinically healthy slaughter pigs (n=8). pyrosequencing yielded 37,000 quality-controlled reads and a diverse microbiome with 54-159 otus per sample was detected. interestingly, 6 out of 8 samples were strongly dominated by 1-2 highly abundant otus (best hits of highly abundant otus: serratia proteamaculans, pseudomonas syr ... | 2016 | 26943946 |
| evidence for a missing source of efficient ice nuclei. | it has been known for several decades that some bioaerosols, such as ice-nucleation-active (ina) bacteria, especially pseudomonas syringae strains, may play a critical potential role in the formation of clouds and precipitation. we investigated bacterial and fungal ice nuclei (in) in rainwater samples collected from the hulunber temperate grasslands in north china. the median freezing temperatures (t50) for three years' worth of unprocessed rain samples were greater than -10 °c based on immersio ... | 2017 | 28045124 |
| functional display of ice nucleation protein inaz on the surface of bacterial ghosts. | in a concept study the ability to induce heterogeneous ice formation by bacterial ghosts (bgs) from escherichia coli carrying ice nucleation protein inaz from pseudomonas syringae in their outer membrane was investigated by a droplet-freezing assay of ultra-pure water. as determined by the median freezing temperature and cumulative ice nucleation spectra it could be demonstrated that both the living recombinant e. coli and their corresponding bgs functionally display inaz on their surface. under ... | 2017 | 28121482 |
| negative autogenous control of the master type iii secretion system regulator hrpl in pseudomonas syringae. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a principal virulence determinant of the model bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae t3ss effector proteins inhibit plant defense signaling pathways in susceptible hosts and elicit evolved immunity in resistant plants. the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor hrpl coordinates the expression of most t3ss genes. transcription of hrpl is dependent on sigma-54 and the codependent enhancer binding proteins hrpr and hrps for hrpl promoter activation. h ... | 2017 | 28119474 |
| effectors from wheat rust fungi suppress multiple plant defense responses. | fungi that cause cereal rust diseases (genus puccinia) are important pathogens of wheat globally. upon infection, the fungus secretes a number of effector proteins. although a large repository of putative effectors has been predicted using bioinformatic pipelines, the lack of available high-throughput effector screening systems has limited functional studies on these proteins. in this study, we mined the available transcriptomes of puccinia graminis and p. striiformis to look for potential effec ... | 2017 | 27503371 |
| whop, a genomic region associated with woody hosts in the pseudomonas syringae complex contributes to the virulence and fitness of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive plants. | bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex belonging to phylogroups 1 and 3 (pg1 and pg3, respectively) isolated from woody hosts share a genomic region herein referred to as whop (from woody host and pseudomonas spp.), which is absent in strains infecting herbaceous organs. in this work, we show that this region is also encoded in p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (pg1) and six additional members of pg3, namely, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. retacarpa, three p. syringae pathovars, pseudomonas m ... | 2017 | 28027024 |
| virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 is influenced by the catabolite repression control protein crc. | pseudomonas syringae infects diverse plant species and is widely used as a model system in the study of effector function and the molecular basis of plant diseases. although the relationship between bacterial metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and virulence has attracted increasing attention in bacterial pathology, it is largely unexplored in p. syringae. the crc (catabolite repression control) protein is a putative rna-binding protein that regulates carbon metabolism as well as a number of other ... | 2017 | 28384054 |
| origin and evolution of the kiwifruit canker pandemic. | recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa). in order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in china. based on the analysis of eighty sequenced psa genomes we show that china is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in china is confined to just a single ... | 2017 | 28369338 |
| the bacterial effector avrb-induced rin4 hyperphosphorylation is mediated by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase complex in arabidopsis. | bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae delivers diverse type iii effectors into host cells to interfere with their immune responses. one of the effectors avrb targets a host guardee protein rin4 and induces rin4 phosphorylation in arabidopsis. phosphorylated rin4 activates the immune receptor rpm1 to mount defense. avrb-induced rin4 phosphorylation depends on ripk, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (rlck). in this study, we found several other rlcks that were also able to phosphorylate rin4. w ... | 2017 | 28353399 |
| plasmid replicons from pseudomonas are natural chimeras of functional, exchangeable modules. | plasmids are a main factor for the evolution of bacteria through horizontal gene exchange, including the dissemination of pathogenicity genes, resistance to antibiotics and degradation of pollutants. their capacity to duplicate is dependent on their replication determinants (replicon), which also define their bacterial host range and the inability to coexist with related replicons. we characterize a second replicon from the virulence plasmid ppsv48c, from pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, whi ... | 2017 | 28243228 |
| indole-3-acetic acid in plant-pathogen interactions: a key molecule for in planta bacterial virulence and fitness. | the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas savastanoi, the causal agent of olive and oleander knot disease, uses the so-called "indole-3-acetamide pathway" to convert tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) via a two-step pathway catalyzed by enzymes encoded by the genes in the iaam/iaah operon. moreover, pathovar nerii of p. savastanoi is able to conjugate iaa to lysine to generate the less biologically active compound iaa-lys via the enzyme iaa-lysine synthase encoded by the iaal gene. intere ... | 2017 | 27637152 |
| the bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection. | disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. as the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. one mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. by exogenous application, 'plant activator molecules' with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. these defence-inducing molecules represent a powerful and often envir ... | 2017 | 27085087 |
| immune responses induced by oligogalacturonides are differentially affected by avrpto and loss of bak1/bkk1 and pepr1/pepr2. | plants possess an innate immune system capable of restricting invasion by most potential pathogens. at the cell surface, the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) represents the first event for the prompt mounting of an effective immune response. pathogens have evolved effectors that block mamp-triggered immunity. the pseudomonas syringae effector avrpto abolishes immunity triggered ... | 2017 | 27118426 |
| induced systemic resistance against botrytis cinerea by bacillus cereus ar156 through a ja/et- and npr1-dependent signaling pathway and activates pamp-triggered immunity in arabidopsis. | induced resistance response is a potent and cost effective plant defense against pathogen attack. the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of the suppressive ability by bacillus cereus ar156 to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) in arabidopsis has been investigated previously; however, the strength of induced systemic resistance (isr) activity against botrytis cinerea remains unknown. here, we show that root-drench application of ar156 significantly reduces disease incidence ... | 2017 | 28293243 |
| microbial interactions in the phyllosphere increase plant performance under herbivore biotic stress. | the phyllosphere supports a tremendous diversity of microbes and other organisms. however, little is known about the colonization and survival of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria alone or together in the phyllosphere across the whole plant life-cycle under herbivory, which hinders our ability to understand the role of phyllosphere bacteria on plant performance. we addressed these questions in experiments using four genetically and biogeographically diverse accessions of arabidopsis thaliana, t ... | 2017 | 28163703 |
| a highly active endo-levanase bt1760 of a dominant mammalian gut commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cleaves not only various bacterial levans, but also levan of timothy grass. | bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an abundant commensal of the human gut, degrades numerous complex carbohydrates. recently, it was reported to grow on a β-2,6-linked polyfructan levan produced by zymomonas mobilis degrading the polymer into fructooligosaccharides (fos) with a cell surface bound endo-levanase bt1760. the fos are consumed by b. thetaiotaomicron, but also by other gut bacteria, including health-promoting bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. here we characterize biochemical properties of b ... | 2017 | 28103254 |
| biofilm formation and cellulose expression by bordetella avium 197n, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans. | although bacterial cellulose synthase (bcs) operons are widespread within the proteobacteria phylum, subunits required for the partial-acetylation of the polymer appear to be restricted to a few γ-group soil, plant-associated and phytopathogenic pseudomonads, including pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and several pseudomonas syringae pathovars. however, a bcs operon with acetylation subunits has also been annotated in the unrelated β-group respiratory pathogen, bordetella avium 197n. our comparison ... | 2017 | 28131895 |
| ectopic expression of the wild grape wrky transcription factor vqwrky52 in arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew but not to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | wrky transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to biotic stresses. we previously showed that the expression of the wrky gene, vqwrky52, from chinese wild vitis quinquangularis was strongly induced 24 h post inoculation with powdery mildew. in this study, we analyzed the expression levels of vqwrky52 following treatment with the defense related hormones salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate, revealing that vqwrky52 was strongly induced by sa but not ja. we char ... | 2017 | 28197166 |
| rin4 recruits the exocyst subunit exo70b1 to the plasma membrane. | the exocyst is a conserved vesicle-tethering complex with principal roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis. several studies point to its involvement in polarized secretion during microbial pathogen defense. in this context, we have found an interaction between the arabidopsis exo70b1 exocyst subunit, a protein which was previously associated with both the defense response and autophagy, and rpm1 interacting protein 4 (rin4), the best studied member of the noi protein family and a known regulat ... | 2017 | 28338727 |
| bivariate genomic analysis identifies a hidden locus associated with bacteria hypersensitive response in arabidopsis thaliana. | multi-phenotype analysis has drawn increasing attention to high-throughput genomic studies, whereas only a few applications have justified the use of multivariate techniques. we applied a recently developed multi-trait analysis method on a small set of bacteria hypersensitive response phenotypes and identified a single novel locus missed by conventional single-trait genome-wide association studies. the detected locus harbors a minor allele that elevates the risk of leaf collapse response to the ... | 2017 | 28338080 |
| diversity and abundance of ice nucleating strains of pseudomonas syringae in a freshwater lake in virginia, usa. | the bacterium pseudomonas syringae is found in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic environments. some strains of p. syringae express an ice nucleation protein (hereafter referred to as ice+) allowing them to catalyze the heterogeneous freezing of water. though p. syringae has been sampled intensively from freshwater sources in france, little is known about the genetic diversity of p. syringae in natural aquatic habitats in north america. we collected samples of freshwater from three different d ... | 2017 | 28337177 |
| biochemical principles and functional aspects of pipecolic acid biosynthesis in plant immunity. | the non-protein amino acid pipecolic acid (pip) regulates plant systemic acquired resistance (sar) and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection. in arabidopsis thaliana, the lys aminotransferase agd2-like defense response protein1 (ald1) mediates the pathogen-induced accumulation of pip in inoculated and distal leaf tissue. here we show that ald1 transfers the alpha-amino group of l-lys to acceptor oxoacids. combined mass spectrometric and infrared spectroscopic analyses of in vitro assays ... | 2017 | 28330936 |
| use of rna-seq data to identify and validate rt-qpcr reference genes for studying the tomato-pseudomonas pathosystem. | the agronomical relevant tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem is widely used to explore and understand the underlying mechanisms of the plant immune response. transcript abundance estimation, mainly through reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), is a common approach employed to investigate the possible role of a candidate gene in certain biological process under study. the accuracy of this technique relies heavily on the selection of adequate reference genes. initially, ... | 2017 | 28317896 |
| controlled ice nucleation using freeze-dried pseudomonas syringae encapsulated in alginate beads. | the control of ice nucleation is of fundamental significance in many process technologies related to food and pharmaceutical science and cryobiology. mechanical perturbation, electromagnetic fields and ice-nucleating agents (inas) have been known to induce ice nucleation in a controlled manner. but these ice-nucleating methods may suffer from cumbersome manual operations, safety concerns of external fields, and biocompatibility and recovery issues of ina particles, especially when used in living ... | 2017 | 28315320 |
| diverse mechanisms of resistance to pseudomonas syringae in a thousand natural accessions of arabidopsis thaliana. | plants are continuously threatened by pathogen attack and, as such, they have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens. however, it is not known what types of defense mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend against a potential pathogen that has not co-evolved with the plant. we addressed this important question in a comprehensive manner by studying the responses of 1041 accessions of arabidopsis thaliana to the foliar pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv ... | 2017 | 28295393 |
| ghanamycins a and b, two novel γ-butyrolactones from marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16. | two novel γ-butyrolactones ghanamycins a (1) and b (2) were isolated from the fermentation broth of marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. these two novel compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities against some phytopathogens. the minimum ic (mic) of 2 against pseudomonas syringae and erwinia sp. were 50 μg ml(-1).the journal of antibiotics advance online publication, 15 march 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.37. | 2017 | 28293035 |
| expanded type iii effector recognition by the zar1 nlr protein using zed1-related kinases. | nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat domain-containing (nlr) proteins are sentinels of plant immunity that monitor host proteins for perturbations induced by pathogenic effector proteins. here we show that the arabidopsis zar1 nlr protein requires the zrk3 kinase to recognize the pseudomonas syringae type iii effector (t3e) hopf2a. these results support the hypothesis that zar1 associates with an expanded zrk protein family to broaden its effector recognition spectrum. | 2017 | 28288096 |
| map kinase signaling pathways: a hub of plant-microbe interactions. | in 2007, we reported that a phytopathogen effector directly inhibits a map kinase cascade. in the decade since, many more effectors have been found to inhibit map kinase cascades, providing not only a mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis and immunity in plants, but also the identification of previously unknown enzymes. | 2017 | 28279328 |
| thienopyrimidine-type compounds protect arabidopsis plants against the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. | plant activators activate systemic acquired resistance-like defense responses or induced systemic resistance, and thus protect plants from pathogens. we screened a chemical library composed of structurally diverse small molecules. we isolated six plant immune-inducing thienopyrimidine-type compounds and their analogous compounds. it was observed that the core structure of thienopyrimidine plays a role in induced resistance in plants. furthermore, we highlight the protective effect of thienopyrim ... | 2017 | 28277972 |
| analyses of natural variation indicates that the absence of rps4/rrs1 and amino acid change in rps4 cause loss of their functions and resistance to pathogens. | a pair of arabidopsis thaliana resistance proteins, rps4 and rrs1, recognizes the cognate avr effector from the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrrps4 (pst-avrrps4), ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and leads to defense signaling activation against the pathogens. in the present study, we analyzed 14 a. thaliana accessions for natural variation in pst-avrrps4 and c. higginsianum susceptibility, and found new compatible and ... | 2017 | 28277970 |
| reconstruction of an immune dynamic model to simulate the contrasting role of auxin and cytokinin in plant immunity. | in order to increase our understanding of biological dependencies in plant immune signaling pathways, the known interactions involved in plant immune networks are modeled. this allows computational analysis to predict the functions of growth related hormones in plant-pathogen interaction. the squad (standardized qualitative dynamical systems) algorithm first determines stable system states in the network and then use them to compute continuous dynamical system states. our reconstructed boolean m ... | 2017 | 28265989 |
| microbial manipulation of auxins and cytokinins in plants. | microbial associations with plants are crucial for the survival of both the partners. beside other ways of establishing such associations, phytohormones enjoy a key role in plant-microbe interactions from initial dialog between the two to the establishment of a viable partnership. cytokinins (cks) and iaa are among the five classical groups of phytohormones implicated in plant immune response, early signaling, and deciding the fate of interactions between plant and microbes. here we describe a m ... | 2017 | 28265987 |
| chemical composition, antioxidant and biological activities of the essential oil and extract of the seeds of glycine max (soybean) from north iran. | glycine max (l.) merrill (soybean) is a major leguminous crop, cultivated globally as well as in iran. this study examines the chemical composition of soybean essential oil, and evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of seeds on various plant pathogens that commonly cause irreparable damages to agricultural crops. the essential oil of soybean seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. antimicrobial activity was tested against 14 microorganisms, includi ... | 2017 | 28255785 |
| cytokinin-mediated regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis modulates stomatal immunity in arabidopsis. | stomata play an important role in preinvasive defense responses by limiting pathogen entry into leaves. although the stress hormones salicylic acid (sa) and abscisic acid (aba) are known to regulate stomatal immunity, the role of growth promoting hormones is far from understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinins (cks) function in stomatal defense responses. the cytokinin receptor histidine kinase3 (ahk3) and response regulator2 (arr2) promote stomatal closure triggered by pa ... | 2017 | 28254779 |
| transposon insertion libraries for the characterization of mutants from the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, is one of the most devastating plant diseases of recent times. we have generated two mini-tn5-based random insertion libraries of psa icmp 18884. the first, a 'phenotype of interest' (poi) library, consists of 10,368 independent mutants gridded into 96-well plates. by replica plating onto selective media, the poi library was successfully screened for auxotrophic and motility mutants. lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynt ... | 2017 | 28249011 |
| ethylene production with engineered synechocystis sp pcc 6803 strains. | metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria offer a promising sustainable alternative approach for fossil-based ethylene production, by using sunlight via oxygenic photosynthesis, to convert carbon dioxide directly into ethylene. towards this, both well-studied cyanobacteria, i.e., synechocystis sp pcc 6803 and synechococcus elongatus pcc 7942, have been engineered to produce ethylene by introducing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2 ... | 2017 | 28231787 |
| genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility in arabidopsis infected with pseudomonas syringae. | changes in chromatin accessibility are an important aspect of the molecular changes that occur in eukaryotic cells responding to stress, and they appear to play a critical role in stress-induced transcriptional activation/reprogramming and epigenetic changes. in plants, pathogen infection has been shown to induce rapid and drastic transcriptional reprogramming; growing evidence suggests that chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in this phenomenon. the recent development of genomic tools ... | 2017 | 28220432 |
| characterizing the immune-eliciting activity of putative microbe-associated molecular patterns in tomato. | detection of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps), such as bacterial flagellin, is the first line of active defense in plants against pathogenic invaders. successful pathogens must subvert this immune response to grow to high population density and cause disease. flagellin from the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas was the first identified bacterial mamp and many species across the plant kingdom have sensitive perception systems for detecting the 22-amino acid epitope known as fl ... | 2017 | 28220431 |
| quantitative evaluation of plant actin cytoskeletal organization during immune signaling. | high spatial and temporal resolution microscopy-based methods are valuable tools for the precise real-time imaging of changes in cellular organization in response to stimulus perception. here, we describe a quantitative method for the evaluation of the plant actin cytoskeleton during immune stimulus perception and the activation of defense signaling. as a measure of the biotic stress-induced changes in actin filament organization, we present methods for analyzing changes in actin filament organi ... | 2017 | 28220427 |
| measuring callose deposition, an indicator of cell wall reinforcement, during bacterial infection in arabidopsis. | the plant cell wall responds dynamically during interaction with various pathogens. upon recognition of "nonself" components, plant cells deploy a variety of immune responses including cell wall fortification. callose, a β-(1, 3)-d-glucan polymer, is a component of the material deposited at the site of infection between the plasma membrane and the preexisting cell wall that is hypothesized to serve as a physical barrier and platform for directed antimicrobial compound deposition. the defense-ass ... | 2017 | 28220426 |
| adaptation of the pathogen, pseudomonas syringae, during experimental evolution on a native vs. alternative host plant. | the specialization and distribution of pathogens among species has substantial impact on disease spread, especially when reservoir hosts can maintain high pathogen densities or select for increased pathogen virulence. theory predicts that optimal within-host growth rate will vary among host genotypes/species and therefore that pathogens infecting multiple hosts should experience different selection pressures depending on the host environment in which they are found. this should be true for patho ... | 2017 | 28207977 |
| characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causal agent of citrus blast of mandarin in montenegro. | citrus blast caused by bacterium pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 p. syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (citrus reticulata) in montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrb, rpod, and gap1 gene sequences. gene sequences from a ... | 2017 | 28167885 |
| tomato photorespiratory glycolate oxidase-derived h2 o2 production contributes to basal defense against pseudomonas syringae. | despite being essential for c3 plants, photorespiration is believed to cause a significant crop yield loss even under future climates. however, how photorespiration affects plant basal defense still remains largely unknown. here, we studied the involvement of photorespiration in tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 interaction focusing on three photorespiratory genes. inoculation with p. syringae increased photorespiration rate (pr) and expression of glycolate oxidase (gox2), serine gly ... | 2017 | 28164315 |
| transgenic arabidopsis thaliana containing increased levels of atp and sucrose is more susceptible to pseudomonas syringae. | disease resistance exerts a fitness cost on plants, presumably due to the extra consumption of energy and carbon. in this study, we examined whether transgenic arabidopsis thaliana with increased levels of atp and sucrose is more resistant or susceptible to pathogen infection. lines of a. thaliana over-expressing purple acid phosphatase 2 (atpap2) (oe lines) contain increased levels of atp and sucrose, with improved growth rate and seed production. compared to wild type (wt) and pap2 lines, the ... | 2017 | 28152090 |
| the arabidopsis elongator complex is required for nonhost resistance against the bacterial pathogens xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121. | although in recent years nonhost resistance has attracted considerable attention for its broad spectrum and durability, the genetic and mechanistic components of nonhost resistance have not been fully understood. we used molecular and histochemical approaches including quantitative pcr, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and aniline blue staining. the evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex elongator was identified as a major component of nonhost resistan ... | 2017 | 28134437 |
| n-acylhomoserine lactone-regulation of genes mediating motility and pathogenicity in pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528. | pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528 (p. syringae 11528) is a phytopathogen that causes wild-fire disease in soybean and tobacco plants. it utilizes a cell density-dependent regulation system known as quorum sensing (qs). in its qs system, the psyi is responsible for the biosynthesis of n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). by comparing the transcripts from p. syringae 11528 wild-type strain with those of the δpsyi mutant using rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology, 1118 ahl-regulated genes were ... | 2017 | 28133926 |
| pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopbb1 promotes host transcriptional repressor degradation to regulate phytohormone responses and virulence. | independently evolved pathogen effectors from three branches of life (ascomycete, eubacteria, and oomycete) converge onto the arabidopsis tcp14 transcription factor to manipulate host defense. however, the mechanistic basis for defense control via tcp14 regulation is unknown. we demonstrate that tcp14 regulates the plant immune system by transcriptionally repressing a subset of the jasmonic acid (ja) hormone signaling outputs. a previously unstudied pseudomonas syringae (psy) type iii effector, ... | 2017 | 28132837 |
| constitutive heterologous overexpression of a tir-nb-arc-lrr gene encoding a putative disease resistance protein from wild chinese vitis pseudoreticulata in arabidopsis and tobacco enhances resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. | plants use resistance (r) proteins to detect pathogen effector proteins and activate their innate immune response against the pathogen. the majority of these proteins contain an nb-arc (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by apaf-1, r proteins, and ced-4) domain along with a leucine-rich repeat (lrr), and some also bear a toll interleukin 1 receptor (tir) domain. in this study, we characterized a gene encoding a tir-nb-arc-lrr r protein (vptnl1) (genbank accession number kx649890) from wild chines ... | 2017 | 28131063 |
| confocal microscopy reveals in planta dynamic interactions between pathogenic, avirulent and non-pathogenic pseudomonas syringae strains. | recent advances in genomics and single-cell analysis have demonstrated the extraordinary complexity that microbial populations may reach within their hosts. communities range from complex multispecies groups, to homogeneous populations differentiating into lineages through genetic or non-genetic mechanisms. diversity within bacterial populations is recognised as a key driver of the evolution of animal pathogens. in plants, however, little is known about how interactions between different pathoge ... | 2017 | 28120374 |
| paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn protects arabidopsis thaliana against a virulent strain of pseudomonas syringae through the activation of induced resistance. | paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) that stimulates plant growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. this study analyzed whether strain psjn can reduce plant disease severity and proliferation of the virulent strain pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000, in arabidopsis plants, through the activation of induced resistance. arabidopsis plants previously exposed to strain psjn showed a reduction in disease severity and pathogen proliferation ... | 2017 | 28118091 |
| use of the soft-agar overlay technique to screen for bacterially produced inhibitory compounds. | the soft-agar overlay technique was originally developed over 70 years ago and has been widely used in several areas of microbiological research, including work with bacteriophages and bacteriocins, proteinaceous antibacterial agents. this approach is relatively inexpensive, with minimal resource requirements. this technique consists of spotting supernatant from a donor strain (potentially harboring a toxic compound(s)) onto a solidified soft agar overlay that is seeded with a bacterial test str ... | 2017 | 28117830 |
| subunit-selective proteasome activity profiling uncovers uncoupled proteasome subunit activities during bacterial infections. | the proteasome is a nuclear-cytoplasmic proteolytic complex involved in nearly all regulatory pathways in plant cells. the three different catalytic activities of the proteasome can have different functions, but tools to monitor and control these subunits selectively are not yet available in plant science. here, we introduce subunit-selective inhibitors and dual-color fluorescent activity-based probes for studying two of the three active catalytic subunits of the plant proteasome. we validate th ... | 2017 | 28117509 |
| identification of loci of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae involved in lipolytic activity and their role in colonization of kiwifruit leaves. | bacterial canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit plants, has recently brought about major economic losses worldwide. genetic studies on virulence functions of p. syringae pv. actinidiae have not yet been reported and there is little experimental data regarding bacterial genes involved in pathogenesis. in this study, we performed a genetic screen in order to identify transposon mutants altered in the lipolytic activity because it is known t ... | 2017 | 28112597 |
| tomato slggp-like gene participates in plant responses to chilling stress and pathogenic infection. | plants are always exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses which can adversely affect their growth and development. as an important antioxidant, asa plays a vital role in plant defence against damage caused by stresses. in this study, we cloned a tomato gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase-like (slggp-like) gene and investigated its role in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses by using antisense transgenic (as) tomato lines. the asa content in as plants was lower than that in wt plants. under chilli ... | 2017 | 28092850 |
| the trojan horse coronatine: the coi1-jaz2-myc2,3,4-anac019,055,072 module in stomata dynamics upon bacterial infection. | 2017 | 28079932 | |
| the conserved hypothetical protein pspto_3957 is essential for virulence in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae accounts for substantial crop losses and is considered an important agricultural issue. to better manage disease in the field, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that mediate virulence. there are a substantial number of genes in sequenced bacterial genomes, including p. syringae, that encode for conserved hypothetical proteins; some of these have been functionally characterized in other pseudomonads and have been ... | 2017 | 28073812 |
| nup82 functions redundantly with nup136 in a salicylic acid-dependent defense response of arabidopsis thaliana. | the nuclear pore complex (npc) comprises more than 30 nucleoporins (nups). npc mediates macromolecular trafficking between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, but specific roles of individual nups are poorly understood in higher plants. here, we show that the novel nucleoporin unique to angiosperm plants (designated as nup82) functions in a salicylic acid-dependent defense in a redundant manner with nup136, which is a component of the nuclear basket in the npc. arabidopsis thaliana nup82 had a si ... | 2017 | 28071978 |
| evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids. | horizontal gene transfer can precipitate rapid evolutionary change. in 2010 the global pandemic of kiwifruit canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) reached new zealand. at the time of introduction, the single clone responsible for the outbreak was sensitive to copper, however, analysis of a sample of isolates taken in 2015 and 2016 showed that a quarter were copper resistant. genome sequences of seven strains showed that copper resistance - comprising czc/cusabc and c ... | 2017 | 28063194 |
| protein phosphatase ap2c1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. however, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. we report the biological role of arabidopsis thaliana mapk phosphatase ap2c1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae ap2c2, a closely related mapk phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. loss of ap2c1 leads to enhanced ... | 2017 | 28062592 |
| arabidopsis stress associated protein 9 mediates biotic and abiotic stress responsive aba signaling via the proteasome pathway. | arabidopsis thaliana stress associated protein 9 (atsap9) is a member of the a20/an1 zinc finger protein family known to play important roles in plant stress responses and in the mammalian immune response. although saps of several plant species were shown to be involved in abiotic stress responses, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, and little is known about the involvement of saps in plant disease responses. expression of sap9 in arabidopsis is up-regulated in response to ... | 2017 | 28039858 |
| profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: challenges in bacterial molecular plant pathology. | one of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology is what determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? this question is frequently studied in terms of the role of elicitors and pathogenicity factors in the triggering or overcoming of host defences. however, this focus fails to address the basic question of how the environment in host tissues acts to support or restrict pathogen growth. efforts to understand this aspect of host-pathogen interactions are commonly confounded by severa ... | 2017 | 28026146 |
| idl6-hae/hsl2 impacts pectin degradation and resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 in arabidopsis leaves. | plant cell walls undergo dynamic structural and chemical changes during plant development and growth. floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence are both accompanied by cell-wall remodeling, which involves the inflorescence deficient in abscission (ida)-derived peptide and its receptors, haesa (hae) and haesa-like2 (hsl2). plant cell walls also act as barriers against pathogenic invaders. thus, the cell-wall remodeling during plant development could have an influence on plant resistance ... | 2017 | 27618493 |
| arabidopsis thaliana serpins atsrp4 and atsrp5 negatively regulate stress-induced cell death and effector-triggered immunity induced by bacterial effector avrrpt2. | protease inhibitors and their cognate proteases regulate growth, development and defense. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) constitute a large family of genes in most metazoans and plants. drosophila necrotic (nec) gene and its homologues in the mammalian system are well-characterized serpins, which play a role in regulating proteases that participate in cell death pathways. although the arabidopsis genome contains several serpin homologs, biological function is not known for most of them. he ... | 2017 | 27709637 |
| development and validation of an infection risk model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit, using a multiplication and dispersal concept for forecasting bacterial diseases. | a weather-based disease prediction model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit (known worldwide as psa; pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3) was developed using a new mechanistic scheme for bacterial disease forecasters, the multiplication and dispersal concept. bacterial multiplication is estimated from a temperature function, the m index, accumulated from hourly air temperature over 3 days for hours when the leaf canopy is wet. rainfall provides free water to move inoculum to infection si ... | 2017 | 27749150 |
| inhibitor discovery by convolution abpp. | activity-based protein profiling (abpp) has emerged as a powerful proteomic approach to study the active proteins in their native environment by using chemical probes that label active site residues in proteins. traditionally, abpp is classified as either comparative or competitive abpp. in this protocol, we describe a simple method called convolution abpp, which takes benefit from both the competitive and comparative abpp. convolution abpp allows one to detect if a reduced signal observed durin ... | 2017 | 27778280 |
| evolution, genomics and epidemiology of pseudomonas syringae: challenges in bacterial molecular plant pathology. | a remarkable shift in our understanding of plant-pathogenic bacteria is underway. until recently, nearly all research on phytopathogenic bacteria was focused on a small number of model strains, which provided a deep, but narrow, perspective on plant-microbe interactions. advances in genome sequencing technologies have changed this by enabling the incorporation of much greater diversity into comparative and functional research. we are now moving beyond a typological understanding of a select coll ... | 2017 | 27798954 |
| biophysical characterization of soluble pseudomonas syringae ice nucleation protein inaz fragments. | ice nucleation protein (inp) with its functional domain consisting of multiple 48-residue repeat units effectively induces super-cooled water into ice. circular dichroism and infrared deconvolution analyses on a soluble 240-residue fragment of pseudomonas syringae inaz (inaz240) containing five 48-residue repeat units indicated that it is mostly composed of β-sheet and random coil. analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that inaz240 behaves as a monomer of an elongated ellipsoid. however, inaz ... | 2017 | 27773839 |
| melatonin is required for h2 o2 - and no-mediated defense signaling through mapkkk3 and oxi1 in arabidopsis thaliana. | melatonin influences plant innate immunity through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway. however, the most upstream mapk component in melatonin signaling and the dependence of generation of a reactive oxygen species (ros) burst on melatonin synthesis and signaling remain unclear. in this study, treatment of several mekk (alias mapkkk)-knockout arabidopsis mutants with melatonin revealed that the mapkkk3 and oxi1 (oxidative signal-inducible1) kinases are responsible for triggering ... | 2017 | 27862280 |
| subcellular localization of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato effector proteins in plants. | animal and plant pathogenic bacteria use type iii secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors to subvert innate immunity of their host organisms. type iii secretion/effector systems are a crucial pathogenicity factor in many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals. pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000 injects a total of 36 protein effectors that target a variety of host proteins. studies of a subset of pst dc3000 effectors demonstrated that bacterial effectors, once inside ... | 2017 | 27837488 |
| cml8, an arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein, plays a role in pseudomonas syringae plant immunity. | calcium is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes including plant development and stress responses. its conversion into biological responses requires the presence of calcium sensor relays such as calmodulin (cam) and calmodulin-like (cml) proteins. while the role of cam is well described, the functions cml proteins remain largely uncharacterized. here, we show that arabidopsis cml8 expression is strongly and transiently induced by pseudomonas syringae, and reverse ge ... | 2017 | 27837097 |
| evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay based on hrpz gene for rapid detection and identification of pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaves. | cucumber angular leaf spot caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (psl) is an important and destructive disease worldwide, and no effective technique has been developed for the control of the pathogen. detection of infection or latent in cucumber plants is critical to evaluate disease progress and strengthening management to avoid a serious epidemic in the fields. in this paper, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for detection of psl using an isothermal method known as loop-mediate ... | 2017 | 27864860 |
| the hemileia vastatrix effector hvec-016 suppresses bacterial blight symptoms in coffee genotypes with the sh 1 rust resistance gene. | a number of genes that confer resistance to coffee leaf rust (sh 1-sh 9) have been identified within the genus coffea, but despite many years of research on this pathosystem, the complementary avirulence genes of hemileia vastatrix have not been reported. after identification of h. vastatrix effector candidate genes (hvecs) expressed at different stages of its lifecycle, we established an assay to characterize hvec proteins by delivering them into coffee cells via the type-three secretion system ... | 2017 | 27918080 |
| a subset of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes is essential for plant immunity. | of the three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2) have been often incorrectly considered to play merely an auxiliary role in the process, and few e2 enzymes have been investigated in plants. to reveal the role of e2 in plant innate immunity, we identified and cloned 40 tomato genes encoding ubiquitin e2 proteins. thioester assays indicated that the majority of the genes encode enzymatically active e2. phylogenetic analysis classified the 40 tomato e2 ... | 2017 | 27909045 |
| arabidopsis thaliana methionine sulfoxide reductase b8 influences stress-induced cell death and effector-triggered immunity. | reactive oxygen species (ros) oxidize methionine to methionine sulfoxide (metso) and thereby inactivate proteins. methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) enzyme converts metso back to the reduced form and thereby detoxifies the effect of ros. our results show that arabidopsis thaliana msr enzyme coding gene msrb8 is required for effector-triggered immunity and containment of stress-induced cell death in arabidopsis. plants activate pattern-triggered immunity (pti), a basal defense, upon recognition ... | 2017 | 27900506 |
| characterization of two late-stage enzymes involved in fosfomycin biosynthesis in pseudomonads. | the broad-spectrum phosphonate antibiotic fosfomycin is currently in use for clinical treatment of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative uropathogens. the antibiotic is biosynthesized by various streptomycetes, as well as by pseudomonads. notably, the biosynthetic strategies used by the two genera share only two steps: the first step in which primary metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) is converted to phosphonopyruvate (pnpy) and the terminal step in which 2-hydroxypropylpho ... | 2017 | 27977135 |
| erratum to: development of scar markers for rapid and specific detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time pcr. | 2017 | 27999901 | |
| jaz2 controls stomata dynamics during bacterial invasion. | coronatine (cor) facilitates entry of bacteria into the plant apoplast by stimulating stomata opening. cor-induced signaling events at stomata remain unclear. we found that the cor and jasmonate isoleucine (ja-ile) co-receptor jaz2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion we analyzed tissue expression patterns of atjaz genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. arabidopsis jaz2 muta ... | 2017 | 28005270 |
| the putative kinase substrate muse7 negatively impacts the accumulation of nlr proteins. | stringent modulation of immune signaling in plants is necessary to enable a rapid response to pathogen attack without spurious defense activation. to identify genes involved in plant immunity, a forward genetic screen for enhancers of the autoimmune snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1) mutant was conducted. the snc1 mutant contains a gain-of-function mutation in a gene encoding a nod-like receptor (nlr) protein. the isolated muse7 (mutant, snc1-enhancing, 7) mutant was shown to confer a rev ... | 2017 | 28004865 |