Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| sars, pneumothorax, and our response to epidemics. | 2004 | 15189911 | |
| [the cloning, expression, purification and identification of sars virus s2 gene and study on its immunological characteristics]. | to express s2 protein of sars virus fused with trx and then detect its reactivity to the sera from convalescent sars patients. | 2004 | 15193211 |
| [study on t cell subsets and their activated molecules from the convalescent sars patients during two follow-up surveys]. | to explore the changes of peripheral blood t cell subsets and their activated molecules in convalescent sars patients. | 2004 | 15193228 |
| hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) if sars re-emerges--updated 10 february 2004. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. these guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed sars. | 2004 | 15194240 |
| susceptibility to sars coronavirus s protein-driven infection correlates with expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and infection can be blocked by soluble receptor. | the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) has been identified as a receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (sars-cov). here we show that ace2 expression on cell lines correlates with susceptibility to sars-cov s-driven infection, suggesting that ace2 is a major receptor for sars-cov. the soluble ectodomain of ace2 specifically abrogated s-mediated infection and might therefore be exploited for the generation of inhibitors. deletion of a major portion of the cyt ... | 2004 | 15194496 |
| phosphorylation of p38 mapk and its downstream targets in sars coronavirus-infected cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has become a global public health emergency. understanding the molecular mechanisms of sars-induced cytopathic effects (cpes) is a rational approach for the prevention of sars, and an understanding of the cellular stress responses induced by viral infection is important for understanding the cpes. polyclonal antibodies, which recognized nucleocapsid (n) and membrane (m) proteins, detected viral n and m proteins in virus-infected vero e6 cells at least 6 a ... | 2004 | 15194498 |
| a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein, u274, is transported to the cell surface and undergoes endocytosis. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) genome contains open reading frames (orfs) that encode for several genes that are homologous to proteins found in all known coronaviruses. these are the replicase gene 1a/1b and the four structural proteins, nucleocapsid (n), spike (s), membrane (m), and envelope (e), and these proteins are expected to be essential for the replication of the virus. in addition, this genome also contains nine other potential orfs varying in length from ... | 2004 | 15194747 |
| identification of an antigenic determinant on the s2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a life-threatening disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus (cov), sars-cov. the spike (s) glycoprotein of cov is the major structural protein responsible for induction of host immune response and virus neutralization by antibodies. hence, knowledge of neutralization determinants on the s protein is helpful for designing protective vaccines. to analyze the antigenic structure of the sars-cov s2 domain, the carboxyl-terminal half of the s protei ... | 2004 | 15194770 |
| an exposed domain in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein induces neutralizing antibodies. | exposed epitopes of the spike protein may be recognized by neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov). a protein fragment (s-ii) containing predicted epitopes of the spike protein was expressed in escherichia coli. the properly refolded protein fragment specifically bound to the surface of vero cells. monoclonal antibodies raised against this fragment recognized the native spike protein of sars cov in both monomeric and trimeric forms. these monocl ... | 2004 | 15194798 |
| coupling multiplex rt-pcr to a gene chip assay for sensitive and semiquantitative detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. | an early and accurate diagnostic assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is crucial for infection control. however, most of the diagnostic methods available today, such as real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), require a second detection method for confirmation because they detect a single sequence region of the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov). for sensitive and accurate early diagnosis, we report a novel assay system combining multiplex rt-pcr and a diagnosti ... | 2004 | 15195120 |
| cleavage and serum reactivity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (scov) spike (s) protein is the major surface antigen of the virus and is responsible for receptor binding and the generation of neutralizing antibody. to investigate scov s protein, full-length and individual domains of s protein were expressed on the surface of insect cells and were characterized for cleavability and reactivity with serum samples obtained from patients during the convalescent phase of sars. s protein could be cleaved by exog ... | 2004 | 15195247 |
| rapid response research to emerging infectious diseases: lessons from sars. | 2004 | 15197395 | |
| prevalence of subclinical infection by the sars coronavirus among general practitioners in hong kong. | eight general practitioners had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (sars) in hong kong during the epidemic, and others may have been infected by the sars coronavirus without developing the full syndrome. we conducted a serological and questionnaire survey to determine the prevalence of subclinical infection by sars coronavirus among general practitioners in hong kong. participants had to be doctors actively practising in family medicine and who did not have sars. approximately 3200 gener ... | 2004 | 15198186 |
| misleading chest radiography in a patient with sars. | we report a patient who suffered from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (sars) presented with an uncommon chest x-ray finding, lobar pneumonia, which was never reported. we hope that this case report can help clinicians to become more aware of various initial radiological findings of sars. | 2004 | 15198196 |
| hospital preparedness and sars. | on may 23, 2003, toronto experienced the second phase of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak. ninety cases were confirmed, and >620 potential cases were managed. more than 9,000 persons had contact with confirmed or potential case-patients; many required quarantine. the main hospital involved during the second outbreak was north york general hospital. we review this hospital's response to, and management of, this outbreak, including such factors as building preparation and engine ... | 2004 | 15200807 |
| sars in healthcare facilities, toronto and taiwan. | the healthcare setting was important in the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in both toronto and taiwan. healthcare workers, patients, and visitors were at increased risk for infection. nonetheless, the ability of individual sars patients to transmit disease was quite variable. unrecognized sars case-patients were a primary source of transmission, and early detection and intervention were important to limit spread. strict adherence to infection control precautions was ess ... | 2004 | 15200808 |
| sars in hospital emergency room. | thirty-one cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) occurred after exposure in the emergency room at the national taiwan university hospital. the index patient was linked to an outbreak at a nearby municipal hospital. three clusters were identified over a 3-week period. the first cluster (5 patients) and the second cluster (14 patients) occurred among patients, family members, and nursing aids. the third cluster (12 patients) occurred exclusively among healthcare workers. six healthcare ... | 2004 | 15200809 |
| genetic variation of sars coronavirus in beijing hospital. | to characterize genetic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) transmitted in the beijing area during the epidemic outbreak of 2003, we sequenced 29 full-length s genes of sars-cov from 20 hospitalized sars patients on our unit, the beijing 302 hospital. viral rna templates for the s-gene amplification were directly extracted from raw clinical samples, including plasma, throat swab, sputum, and stool, during the course of the epidemic in the beijing area ... | 2004 | 15200810 |
| clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of sars patients. | clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. we conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of sars patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to national taiwan university hospital from march 8 to june 15, 2003. fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. twenty-four patients had various un ... | 2004 | 15200814 |
| laboratory diagnosis of sars. | the virologic test results of 415 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) were examined. the peak detection rate for sars-associated coronavirus occurred at week 2 after illness onset for respiratory specimens, at weeks 2 to 3 for stool or rectal swab specimens, and at week 4 for urine specimens. the latest stool sample that was positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was collected on day 75 while the patient was receiving intensive care. tracheal aspi ... | 2004 | 15200815 |
| infection control and sars transmission among healthcare workers, taiwan. | this study found infrequent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus to healthcare workers involved in the care of the first five case-patients in taiwan, despite a substantial number of unprotected exposures. nonetheless, given that sars has been highly transmissible on some occasions, we still recommend strict precautions. | 2004 | 15200825 |
| domestic poultry and sars coronavirus, southern china. | sars coronavirus injected intratracheally into chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and quail, or into the allantoic sac of their embryonating eggs, failed to cause disease or replicate. this finding suggests that domestic poultry were unlikely to have been the reservoir, or associated with dissemination, of sars coronavirus in the animal markets of southern china. | 2004 | 15200830 |
| domestic poultry and sars coronavirus, southern china. | sars coronavirus injected intratracheally into chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and quail, or into the allantoic sac of their embryonating eggs, failed to cause disease or replicate. this finding suggests that domestic poultry were unlikely to have been the reservoir, or associated with dissemination, of sars coronavirus in the animal markets of southern china. | 2004 | 15200830 |
| inhibition of sars coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious disease caused by a newly identified human coronavirus (sars-cov). currently, no effective drug exists to treat sars-cov infection. in this study, we investigated whether a panel of commercially available antiviral drugs exhibit in vitro anti-sars-cov activity. a drug-screening assay that scores for virus-induced cytopathic effects on cultured cells was used. tested were 19 clinically approved compounds from several major antiviral pharma ... | 2004 | 15200845 |
| potential targets for anti-sars drugs in the structural proteins from sars related coronavirus. | this is a further study on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) using the probabilistic models. the purpose was to define the potential targets for anti-sars drugs in the structural proteins from human sars related coronavirus (sars-cov) while knowing little about the functional sites and possible mutations in these proteins. from a probabilistic viewpoint, we can theoretically select the amino acid pairs as potential candidates for anti-sars drugs. these candidates have a greater chance ... | 2004 | 15203235 |
| coronavirus replication and pathogenesis: implications for the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), and the challenge for vaccine development. | a novel coronavirus has been recently identified as the causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak that has accounted for more than 8000 infected people worldwide. this review will discuss current knowledge on coronavirus replication, pathogenesis, evolution, and vaccine strategies, as well as the most recent findings on sars coronavirus. | 2004 | 15204926 |
| the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in tears. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new infectious disease that caused a global outbreak in 2003. research has shown that it is caused by a novel coronavirus. a series of cases is reported where polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing on tears had demonstrated the presence of the virus. detection of ocular infection from tears using the pcr technique has been widely used by ophthalmologists to diagnose infections for other viruses. | 2004 | 15205225 |
| biosecurity. researchers urge u.s. to keep sars off select agent list. | 2004 | 15205496 | |
| epidemiologic clues to sars origin in china. | an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) began in foshan municipality, guangdong province, china, in november 2002. we studied sars case reports through april 30, 2003, including data from case investigations and a case series analysis of index cases. a total of 1,454 clinically confirmed cases (and 55 deaths) occurred; the epidemic peak was in the first week of february 2003. healthcare workers accounted for 24% of cases. clinical signs and symptoms differed between children (<18 ... | 2004 | 15207054 |
| sars exposure and emergency department workers. | of 193 emergency department workers exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), 9 (4.7%) were infected. pneumonia developed in six workers, and assays showed anti-sars immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg. the other three workers were igm-positive and had lower igg titers; in two, mild illness developed, and one remained asymptomatic. | 2004 | 15207066 |
| sars and common viral infections. | in california, molecular testing was useful in decreasing suspicion for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), by detecting common respiratory pathogens (influenza a/b, human metapneumovirus, picornavirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia spp., parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus) in 23 (45%) of 51 patients with suspected sars and 9 (47%) of 19 patients with probable sars. | 2004 | 15207072 |
| [the expression and activity detection of a variant n protein of sars-cov]. | to construct an expression vector pgex-2t/n, and to express the fusion protein consisting of n protein of sars-cov and gst in e.coli. | 2004 | 15207085 |
| sars corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases. | we synthesized on cellulose membranes 4942 ten-amino-acid peptides which included all of the sequences predicted for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) corona virus. we probed these membranes with four pairs of acute and convalescent sera from recovered sars cases. we correlated positively reacting peptides with the in vitro sars-cov neutralizing activity of the samples. we found that convalescent sera with high neutralizing activity recognized exclusively only a limited number of pept ... | 2004 | 15207612 |
| childhood severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus infections and asthma. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. children appear to be less susceptible to the sars coronavirus, although the other non-sars coronaviruses can cause respiratory infections in adults and in children of all ages. the exact reasons as to why sars preferentially affects adults, and not children, are still unknown. many hypotheses exist and need to be explored. during the outbreak of sars, there did not appear to be an increase in ast ... | 2004 | 15209951 |
| contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity. | we investigated the contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) to protective immunity by expressing them individually and in combinations from a recombinant parainfluenza virus (piv) type 3 vector called bhpiv3. this vector provided direct immunization of the respiratory tract, the major site of sars transmission, replication, and disease. the bhpiv3/sars recombinants were evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in hamsters ... | 2004 | 15210961 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome in dialysis patients. | reviewed are the clinical features and outcome of 12 chronic dialysis patients (six men) who contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) compared with 23 sex- and age-matched nonuremic sars patients as controls. eight were on peritoneal dialysis (pd) and four on hemodialysis. mean age was 58 +/- 12 yr for the dialysis patients, and 57 +/- 12 yr for the controls. the presenting symptoms of dialysis patients were similar to the controls. with appropriate protection measures, hemodialysis w ... | 2004 | 15213277 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of various coronavirus main proteinases. | in this study, two homology models (denoted as mprost and mprosh) of main proteinase (mpro) from the novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) were constructed based on the crystal structures of mpro from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) (mprot) and human coronavirus hcov-229e (mproh), respectively. both mprost and mprosh exhibit similar folds as their respective template proteins. these homology models reveal three distinct functional domains ... | 2004 | 15214807 |
| retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in sars patients. | treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is experimental, and the effectiveness of ribavirin-steroid therapy is unclear. forty sars patients with progressive disease after ribavirin treatment and 1.5 g of pulsed methylprednisolone were given either convalescent plasma (n = 19) or further pulsed methylprednisolone (n = 21) in a retrospective non-randomised study. good clinical outcome was defined as discharge by day 22 following the onset of symptoms. convalescent plasma was obtained ... | 2004 | 15214887 |
| inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication by niclosamide. | antiviral agents are urgently needed to fight severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). we showed that niclosamide, an existing antihelminthic drug, was able to inhibit replication of a newly discovered coronavirus, sars-cov; viral antigen synthesis was totally abolished at a niclosamide concentration of 1.56 microm, as revealed by immunoblot analysis. thus, niclosamide represents a promising drug candidate for the effective treatment of sars-cov infection. | 2004 | 15215127 |
| antibody response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) targets the viral nucleocapsid. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) provided an opportunity to study the antibody response of infected individuals to the causative virus, sars coronavirus. we examined serum samples obtained from 46 patients with sars, 40 patients with non-sars pneumonia, and 38 healthy individuals, by use of western blotting (wb), enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa), and immunofluorescence assay, using both native and bacterially produced antigens of the virus. we found a highly restr ... | 2004 | 15216476 |
| animal-to-human sars-associated coronavirus transmission? | 2004 | 15216845 | |
| mucosal immunisation and immunoprophylaxis as potential strategies for prevention of sars. | 2004 | 15220029 | |
| mucosal immunisation of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the sars coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of sars. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002 was caused by a previously unknown coronavirus-sars coronavirus (sars-cov). we have developed an experimental sars vaccine for direct immunisation of the respiratory tract, the major site of sars- coronavirus transmission and disease. | 2004 | 15220033 |
| mucosal immunisation of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the sars coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of sars. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002 was caused by a previously unknown coronavirus-sars coronavirus (sars-cov). we have developed an experimental sars vaccine for direct immunisation of the respiratory tract, the major site of sars- coronavirus transmission and disease. | 2004 | 15220033 |
| human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for sars coronavirus infection in ferrets. | sars coronavirus continues to cause sporadic cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in china. no active or passive immunoprophylaxis for disease induced by sars coronavirus is available. we investigated prophylaxis of sars coronavirus infection with a neutralising human monoclonal antibody in ferrets, which can be readily infected with the virus. prophylactic administration of the monoclonal antibody at 10 mg/kg reduced replication of sars coronavirus in the lungs of infected ferrets ... | 2004 | 15220038 |
| characterization of a unique group-specific protein (u122) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | a novel coronavirus (cov) has been identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the sars-cov genome encodes the characteristic essential cov replication and structural proteins. additionally, the genome contains six group-specific open reading frames (orfs) larger than 50 amino acids, with no known homologues. as with the group-specific genes of the other covs, little is known about the sars-cov group-specific genes. sars-cov orf7a encodes a putative unique 12 ... | 2004 | 15220404 |
| inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering rnas in mammalian cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that spread worldwide in early 2003. the cause was determined as a novel coronavirus (cov), sars-associated cov (sars-cov), with a single-stranded, plus-sense rna. to date, no effective specific treatment has been identified. to exploit the possibility of using rna interference as a therapeutic approach to fight the disease, plasmid-mediated small interfering rnas (sirnas) were generated to target the sars-cov ge ... | 2004 | 15220426 |
| the 3' cis-acting genomic replication element of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can function in the murine coronavirus genome. | the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of the genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can functionally replace its counterpart in the prototype group 2 coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). by contrast, the 3' utrs of representative group 1 or group 3 coronaviruses cannot operate as substitutes for the mhv 3' utr. | 2004 | 15220462 |
| exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (sars-cov) and its putative receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infectious disease associated with a new coronavirus, sars-cov. pulmonary involvement is the dominant clinical feature but extra-pulmonary manifestations are also common. factors that account for the wide spectrum of organ system involvement and disease severity are poorly understood and the pathogenesis of sars-cov infection remains unclear. angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) has recently been identified as the functional cellular rece ... | 2004 | 15221932 |
| moderate mutation rate in the sars coronavirus genome and its implications. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused a severe global epidemic in 2003 which led to hundreds of deaths and many thousands of hospitalizations. the virus causing sars was identified as a novel coronavirus (sars-cov) and multiple genomic sequences have been revealed since mid-april, 2003. after a quiet summer and fall in 2003, the newly emerged sars cases in asia, particularly the latest cases in china, are reinforcing a wide-spread belief that the sars epidemic would str ... | 2004 | 15222897 |
| handwashing precautions taken by renal transplant recipients for severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15223923 | |
| sars epidemiology modeling. | 2004 | 15224675 | |
| diagnostic criteria during sars outbreak in hong kong. | 2004 | 15224676 | |
| small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus. currently, no effective antiviral agents exist against this type of virus. a cell-based assay, with sars virus and vero e6 cells, was developed to screen existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds to identify effective anti-sars agents. of >10,000 agents tested, approximately 50 compounds were found active at 10 microm; among these compounds, two are existing drugs (reserpine 13 ... | 2004 | 15226499 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus among health care workers in sars and non-sars medical wards. | the seroprevalence of antibody to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) in cohorts of health care workers (hcws) with subclinical infection in sars and non-sars medical wards was 2.3% (3 of 131 hcws) and 0% (0 of 192 hcws), respectively. rates for clinical sars-cov infection among 742 hcws on these wards were highest among nurses (11.6%) and health care assistants (11.8%), indicating that these occupations are associated with the highest risks for exposure. | 2004 | 15227633 |
| piezoelectric immunosensor for sars-associated coronavirus in sputum. | a piezoelectric immunosensor was developed for the detection of sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) in sputum in the gas phase. horse polyclonal antibody against sars-cov was bound onto the pz crystal surface in an ordered orientation through protein a. the antigen sample was atomized into aerosol by an ultrasonator, by which the antibody on the crystal could specifically adsorb sars antigen and the changed mass of crystal would lead a frequency shift. a frequency counter was employed to reco ... | 2004 | 15228322 |
| detection and monitoring of sars coronavirus in the plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | 2004 | 15229153 | |
| inactivated sars-cov vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in balb/c mice. | we tested the ability of inactivated sars-cov vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies in balb/c mice. the inactivated vaccine was prepared by sars-cov virus propagation in vero cells, with subsequent beta-propiolactone inactivation and sepharose 4ff column chromatography purification. one hundred forty balb/c female mice were divided into seven groups of 20 mice each. of the seven groups, three groups were inoculated with 0.1, 1, and 3 microg of the vaccine without adjuvant while three other g ... | 2004 | 15231072 |
| [analysis on the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus infection in workers from animal markets]. | to investigate the possible risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus (sars-cov) infection in workers from animal markets. | 2004 | 15231128 |
| [comparison among four kits in detection of anti-sars-cov igg in sera of sars patients]. | to compare the sensitivity and specificity of four kits for detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov igg in sera of sars patients. | 2004 | 15231132 |
| in beijing during the sars outbreak. | 2004 | 15233366 | |
| inhibition of sars-coronavirus infection in vitro by s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) warrants the search for effective antiviral agents to treat the disease. this study describes the assessment of the antiviral potential of nitric oxide (no) against sars coronavirus (sars-cov) strain frankfurt-1 replicating in african green monkey (vero e6) cells. | 2004 | 15234326 |
| inhibition of sars-coronavirus infection in vitro by s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) warrants the search for effective antiviral agents to treat the disease. this study describes the assessment of the antiviral potential of nitric oxide (no) against sars coronavirus (sars-cov) strain frankfurt-1 replicating in african green monkey (vero e6) cells. | 2004 | 15234326 |
| is serum in childhood naturally protective against sars-coronavirus? | 2004 | 15234548 | |
| development and evaluation of an efficient 3'-noncoding region based sars coronavirus (sars-cov) rt-pcr assay for detection of sars-cov infections. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic originating from china in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific rt-pcr amplification. efforts to control future sars outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of sars-cov infected patients. a real-time fluorogenic rt-pcr assay based on the 3'-noncoding region (3'-ncr) of sars-cov genome was developed as a quantitative sars diagnostic tool. the ideal amplification effic ... | 2004 | 15234807 |
| development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the sars-coronavirus. | there is a global need to elucidate protective antigens expressed by the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov). monoclonal antibody reagents that recognise specific antigens on sars-cov are needed urgently. in this report, the development and immunochemical characterisation of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the sars-cov is presented, based upon their specificity, binding requirements, and biological activity. initial screening by elisa, using highly purified virus as the coating an ... | 2004 | 15234813 |
| [protective effect of specific antibody in serum of convalescent patient with sars]. | to investigate inhibitory effect of serum severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) -specific antibodies from convalescent patients after half an year of onset on sars-cov-mediated cytopathic response. | 2004 | 15238177 |
| old bugs and new: classical and emerging pathogens--relevance to dental practice. | 2004 | 15239585 | |
| longitudinal profile of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to the sars coronavirus. | by using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and serum specimens serially collected (from day 0 to day 240 after symptom onset) from patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov, we analyzed the longitudinal profiles of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against the sars-cov nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to sars-cov. for igg, the median optical density at 450 nm ( ... | 2004 | 15242938 |
| evaluation and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunochromatographic test for serological diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | a newly developed severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was further validated to confirm cutoff values and evaluate its diagnostic performance with clinical samples. in parallel, an immunochromatographic test was also evaluated. a total of 227 clinical serum specimens collected from sars patients were used in the study, together with 385 samples from healthy donors. by use of an immunofluorescent (if) test as the "gold standard", both the eli ... | 2004 | 15242944 |
| kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-specific antibodies in 271 laboratory-confirmed cases of sars. | the sensitivities and specificities of an immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) were compared for 148 laboratory-confirmed sars cases. the appearance and persistence of sars-cov-specific antibodies were assessed, with immunoglobulin g detected in 59% of samples collected within 14 days and persisting for 60 to 95 days after the onset of illness. | 2004 | 15242960 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid protein. the assay was carried out with hyperimmune polyclonal nucleocapsid-specific antibodies from guinea pigs and rabbits immunized with recombinant his(6)-tagged sars cov nucleocapsid protein. the assay was used for the detection of sars cov nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal samples collected fro ... | 2004 | 15243033 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. veroe6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to sars-cov. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to sars-cov. additionally, productive infection was determined ... | 2004 | 15243082 |
| identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by simultaneous multigene dna sequencing. | the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak resulted in calls for an accurate diagnostic test that can be used not only for routine testing but also for generating nucleotide sequences to monitor the epidemic. although the identity of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) genome was confirmed by dna sequencing, it is impractical to sequence the entire 29-kb sars-cov genome on a routine basis. therefore, alternative assay methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pcr ha ... | 2004 | 15243096 |
| association of human-leukocyte-antigen class i (b*0703) and class ii (drb1*0301) genotypes with susceptibility and resistance to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a public health concern worldwide. by studying the human leukocyte antigen (hla) types a, b, dr, and dq alleles in 90 chinese patients with serologically confirmed sars infections, we identified a strong association between hla-b*0703 (or, 4.08; 95% ci, 2.03-8.18; p=.00072 [bonferroni-corrected p value, p(c) <.0022]) and -drb1*0301 (or, 0.06; 95%, 0.01-0.47; p=.00008 [after bonferroni correction, p<.0042]) and the development of sars. moreover, the fre ... | 2004 | 15243926 |
| sars. china dumps cdc head, probes lab. | 2004 | 15247446 | |
| an efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory b cells: potent neutralization of sars coronavirus. | passive serotherapy can confer immediate protection against microbial infection, but methods to rapidly generate human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are not yet available. we have developed an improved method for epstein-barr virus transformation of human b cells. we used this method to analyze the memory repertoire of a patient who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) infection and to isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for different viral proteins, in ... | 2004 | 15247913 |
| potent and selective inhibition of sars coronavirus replication by aurintricarboxylic acid. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (sars) is a coronavirus that instigated regional epidemics in canada and several asian countries in 2003. the newly identified sars coronavirus (sars-cov) can be transmitted among humans and cause severe or even fatal illnesses. as preventive vaccine development takes years to complete and adverse reactions have been reported to some veterinary coronaviral vaccines, anti-viral compounds must be relentlessly pursued. in this study, we analyzed the effec ... | 2004 | 15249217 |
| sars: responding to an unknown virus. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus which first appeared in southern china at the end of 2002. in early 2003, through a single incident, it spread to hong kong, singapore, canada and vietnam. for busy clinicians in large public hospitals, the response to the virus was initially based on ensuring a high level of protection for staff. however, as the epidemic progressed and more information became available about the virus, procedures ... | 2004 | 15252720 |
| proteomic analysis of sars associated coronavirus using two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectroemtric analysis. | the proteomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and its infected vero e6 cells were detected in the present study. the cytosol and nucleus fractions of virus-infected cells as well as the crude virions were analyzed either by one-dimensional electrophoresis followed by esi-ms/ms identification or by shotgun strategy with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-esi-ms/ms. for the first time, all of the four predicted structural proteins of sars-cov were iden ... | 2004 | 15253436 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus. | 2004 | 15254158 | |
| hematological findings in sars patients and possible mechanisms (review). | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new human infectious disease. the causative agent of sars is a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). this report summarizes the hematological findings in sars patients and proposes the possible mechanisms of sars-cov related abnormal hematopoiesis. hematological changes in patients with sars are common and include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and occasionally leukopenia. a significant decrease was also observed in peripheral cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subse ... | 2004 | 15254784 |
| [relevance of coronaviruses. the sars example]. | the emergence of the new sars coronavirus has shown dramatically the high relevance of human coronavirus infections. this overview presents data of both epidemiological and clinical studies of this new virus infection. moreover, details of research on the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy are given. the recent infections in december 2003 clearly document that sars will be a major topic also in 2004. | 2004 | 15254819 |
| [immunological reaction between the peptides from s1 domain of sars coronavirus s-protein and the serum from sars patients]. | to examine the immunological reactions between the peptides of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) s-protein and the serum of sars patients for identifying the sars-cov epitope. | 2004 | 15257904 |
| persistent infection of sars coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can produce gastrointestinal symptoms. the intestinal tract is the only extrapulmonary site where viable viruses have been detected. this study examined seven established human intestinal cell lines, dld-1, hct-116, ht-29, lovo, ls-180, sw-480 and sw-620, for their permissiveness to sars-cov infection. the results showed that only lovo cells were permissive to sars-cov infection as evident by positive findings from indirect immunofluoresce ... | 2004 | 15258961 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic effects of small interfering rna targeting sars-coronavirus. | to identify and characterize the sirna duplexes that are effective for inhibition of sars-cov infection and replication in the non-human primate cells. this in vitro study will serve as the foundation for development of novel anti-sars therapeutics. | 2004 | 15259899 |
| development of a safe neutralization assay for sars-cov and characterization of s-glycoprotein. | the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been identified as a novel coronavirus sars-cov. similar to other coronaviruses, spike (s)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. accordingly, s-protein plays an important role in virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. to begin to understand its biochemical and immunological properties, we ... | 2004 | 15262502 |
| prediction of class i t-cell epitopes: evidence of presence of immunological hot spots inside antigens. | processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class i antigens to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes is crucial for immune surveillance against intracellular bacteria, parasites, viruses and tumors. identification of antigenic regions on pathogen proteins will play a pivotal role in designer vaccine immunotherapy. we have developed a system that not only identifies high binding t-cell antigenic epitopes, but also class i t-cell antigenic clusters termed immunological hot spots. | 2004 | 15262812 |
| advancements in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. the major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. respiratory failure is the major complication of sars and approximately 20% of patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support. however, the severity is much milder in infected young children. t ... | 2004 | 15264983 |
| [quantitative detection of sars-cov rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid from convalescence patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) rna in excreta and oropharyngeal washing fluid (owf) from the convalescence sars patients, and to determine whether convalescence patients carry the sars-cov, and whether having infectivity. | 2004 | 15266825 |
| a comparative study of clinical features and outcomes in young and older adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to determine the clinical presentation, findings, and outcomes of older adults (> 60) with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and compare these with a control group of younger patients (< or or =60). | 2004 | 15271120 |
| analysis of serum cytokines in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system. although a novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of sars, the pathogenic mechanisms of sars are not understood. in this study, sera were collected from healthy donors, patients with sars, patients with severe sars, and patients with sars in convalescence. the serum concentrations of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-4, il-6, il-8, il-10, tumor growth factor beta (tgf-beta), tumor necr ... | 2004 | 15271897 |
| dissection study on the severe acute respiratory syndrome 3c-like protease reveals the critical role of the extra domain in dimerization of the enzyme: defining the extra domain as a new target for design of highly specific protease inhibitors. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) 3c-like protease consists of two distinct folds, namely the n-terminal chymotrypsin fold containing the domains i and ii hosting the complete catalytic machinery and the c-terminal extra helical domain iii unique for the coronavirus 3cl proteases. previously the functional role of this extra domain has been completely unknown, and it was believed that the coronavirus 3cl proteases share the same enzymatic mechanism with picornavirus 3c proteases, whic ... | 2004 | 15037623 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage in sars coronavirus and other viruses in the nidovirales. | in this study, we calculated the codon usage bias in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sarscov) and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in sarscov and 10 other evolutionary related viruses in the nidovirales. although there is a significant variation in codon usage bias among different sarscov genes, codon usage bias in sarscov is a little slight, which is mainly determined by the base compositions on the third codon position. by comparing synonymous ... | 2004 | 15041183 |
| [epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infection of sars in medical staff of a hospital]. | to investigate the epidemiological features of nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in the medical staff of a hospital. | 2004 | 15041564 |
| [severe acute respiratory syndrome: a singular epidemic of viral pneumonia]. | infectious agent: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a febrile pneumonia initially observed in china at the end of 2002. the infectious agent has rapidly been identified as a new coronavirus, baptised sars-associated coronavirus (cov-sars). transmission is inter-human, via respiratory particles mainly. clinical presentation and treatment: the clinical presentation is highly variable, from a mild fever to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. there is no specific treatment. ribavir ... | 2004 | 15041887 |
| sars virus returns to china as scientists race to find effective vaccine. | 2004 | 15042239 | |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome: scientific and anecdotal evidence for drug treatment. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), caused by a highly infectious novel coronavirus (cov), predominantly presents with severe pneumonitis leading to respiratory failure and death in approximately 10% of victims. most cases present, after an incubation of 2 to 11 days, with fever and chills, which are followed by dry cough and dyspnea before the onset of respiratory failure. the management of sars is controversial, largely due to the lack of data from controlled trials, which were logistica ... | 2004 | 15043392 |