Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of hard-shelled clams. | a method to extract and concentrate intact human enteric viruses from oyster extracts for detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to hard-shelled clams (mercenaria mercenaria). fifty-gram clam samples were processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu to poliovirus 1 (pv1) and/or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in extracts were purified by fluorocarbon (freon) extraction and concentrated by pol ... | 1998 | 9709210 |
| prolonged nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis a arising from an alcoholic with pneumonia. | from april to june 1996, an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affecting 15 nurses, patients and household contacts occurred in the department of internal medicine at aker university hospital, oslo. the index case was a homeless alcoholic who was hospitalized in march 1996 with pneumonia while simultaneously incubating hav infection. four secondary cases were infected by the index case, while another 10 cases were caused by a continuous spread of infection within the department during ... | 1998 | 9730295 |
| oral lichen planus and hcv infection: a clinical evaluation of 263 cases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection induces variable dermatologic manifestations. our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between hcv infection and oral lichen planus (olp). | 1998 | 9732000 |
| trans-encapsidation of a poliovirus replicon by different picornavirus capsid proteins. | a trans-encapsidation assay was established to study the specificity of picornavirus rna encapsidation. a poliovirus replicon with the luciferase gene replacing the capsid protein-coding region was coexpressed in transfected hela cells with capsid proteins from homologous or heterologous virus. successful trans-encapsidation resulted in assembly and production of virions whose replication, upon subsequent infection of hela cells, was accompanied by expression of luciferase activity. the amount o ... | 1998 | 9733835 |
| processing of proteinase precursors and their effect on hepatitis a virus particle formation. | proteolytic processing of the picornaviral polyprotein mediated by the differential action of virus-encoded proteinase(s) is pivotal to both rna genome replication and capsid formation. possibly to enlarge the array of viral proteins, picornaviral polyprotein processing results in intermediate and mature products which apparently have distinct functions within the viral life cycle. for hepatitis a virus (hav), we report here on the autoproteolysis of precursor polypeptides comprising the only vi ... | 1998 | 9733840 |
| the distance between the 3'-pyrimidine-rich tract and the aug codon modulates internal initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | protein synthesis directed by hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is mediated by a mechanism involving the recognition of internal sequences. two in-frame aug codons initiate the long open reading frame (positions 734-736 and 740-742). the extra-cistronic region extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the orf contains two pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts): one 12 nucleotides in length in the close vicinity of the initiator aug, and a longer one between bases 94 and 140. in order to study the relative cont ... | 1998 | 9738441 |
| [hepatitis a prevention by vaccination]. | 1998 | 9739348 | |
| prevalence and determinants of hepatitis a virus exposure among prison entrants in queensland, australia: implications for public health control. | in september 1997, a multicentre outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in the queensland prison system following a prolonged community-based hav epidemic among illicit drug users. as part of the public health response, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate the sero-prevalence of, and identify the determinants for, recent and past hav infection among the incoming male prisoner population. exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 214 consenti ... | 1998 | 9751015 |
| clinical and viral marker pattern of acute sporadic hepatitis in children in madras, south india. | one hundred and twenty-seven children who presented with features of acute hepatitis during the period february 1995 to january 1996 were studied. specific aetiologic agents were identified in 89 per cent. of these, 67.7 per cent were due to a single virus, whereas 21.3 per cent were due to two or more hepatitis viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) was the sole infecting agent in 38.6 per cent of cases, hepatitis b virus (hbv) in 13.4 per cent of cases, and hepatitis e virus (hev) in 15.7 per cent o ... | 1998 | 9819489 |
| enhancement of the immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide bearing a vp3 epitope of hepatitis a virus. | the immune responses elicited in mice by different forms of the vp3(110-121) b-epitope of the hepatitis a virus (hav) were studied. different forms of incorporation in liposomes were tested, encapsulation, rather than surface exposure, being the best antigenic preparation. three larger peptides of the vp3 epitope, two of them containing a hepatitis b virus t-epitope, and a third containing a putative t-epitope of hav (vp3(102-121)) were assayed. while this latter t-epitope induced an enhancement ... | 1998 | 9821968 |
| experience of hepatitis a vaccination during an outbreak in a nursery school of tuscany, italy. | an outbreak of hepatitis a started in late october 1996 in a nursery school in tuscany, italy. a programme of hepatitis a vaccination without the use of immunoglobulin started at the beginning of december 1996 and included 33 children, 21 household contacts and 6 adults working in the school. overall, 11 cases occurred in children attending the school (attack rate 27%) and 10 among their household contacts (attack rate 9 %). the latter also included parents, and, in two cases, grandmothers. the ... | 1998 | 9825788 |
| feline calicivirus as a model system for heat inactivation studies of small round structured viruses in shellfish. | commercial heat treatment procedures for molluscan shellfish are based on data obtained for the inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cockles. however, the most frequently reported illness associated with consumption of bivalve molluscs is gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses (srsvs) of the norwalk group. conditions for inactivation of srsvs are unknown. in this study a feline calicivirus was used as a model for the srsv group and conditions for its heat inactivation det ... | 1998 | 9825793 |
| hepatitis a antibody prevalence among young adults in israel--the decline continues. | this study sought to determine whether the decline in prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies detected in israel in 1977, 1984, and 1987 has continued. the anti-hav antibody prevalence of a systematic sample of 578 male and female recruits inducted into the israel defence force in 1996 was 38.4%. the reduction in antibody prevalence from 1977 (64%) was highly significant (p < 0.001). there was a smaller decrease rate in recruits of european, north american, australian and south african ... | 1998 | 9825802 |
| the elimination of hepatitis b virus infection: changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and b virus infection in okinawa, japan over a 26-year period. | serial changes in hepatitis a virus (hav) and b virus (hbv) markers were determined from 1970 to 1996 in healthy japanese residents of a rural area of okinawa, japan. all 190 serum samples taken in 1970, 791 in 1980, 708 in 1988, and 523 in 1996 from residents 0 to more than 60 years of age were tested for antibody to hav (anti-hav), antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the age-adjusted prevalences of anti-hav and anti-hbc decreased significan ... | 1998 | 9840583 |
| a cytopathogenic, apoptosis-inducing variant of hepatitis a virus. | a cytopathogenic variant of hepatitis a virus (hav(cyt/hb1.1)) was isolated from persistently infected bs-c-1 cells by serial passages in frhk-4 cells. this virus shows a rapid replication pattern and high final titers are obtained, which are main characteristics of cytopathogenic havs. sequencing of the nontranslated regions and the coding regions for 2abc and 3ab revealed that mutations are distributed all over these regions and that certain mutated sites correspond to those in other cytopatho ... | 1998 | 9525664 |
| foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis a in a low endemic country: an emerging problem? | this paper describes 2 outbreaks of hepatitis a infection in finland, a very low endemic area of hepatitis a infection, where a large proportion of the population is now susceptible to infection by hepatitis a virus (hav). the first outbreak involved people attending several schools and day-care centres; the second employees of several bank branches in a different city. the initial investigation revealed that both were related to food distributed widely from separate central kitchens. two separa ... | 1998 | 9528818 |
| [hep-a-in-vac, a russian cultured concentrated inactivated vaccine against hepatitis a]. | the results of the study of the reactogenicity, safety and immunological activity of russian cultural vaccine against hepatitis a are presented. the vaccine was found to have specific safety, moderate reactogenicity and pronounced immunological activity. in addition, the study of the prophylactic efficiency of the vaccine in the pre-epidemic period of the outbreak of hepatitis a morbidity in a group exceeding 14,000 adults was carried out. the study revealed high prophylactic efficiency of the v ... | 1998 | 9532686 |
| risk of hepatitis a infection in sewage workers. | to evaluate the risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among sewage workers from occupational exposure to raw sewage. | 1998 | 9849545 |
| hepatitis a in urban ireland. | to determine the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in urban ireland and to categorize the region into low, intermediate or high hav endemicity, and to analyse the significance of certain commonly associated risk factors. | 1998 | 9868861 |
| membrane permeability induced by hepatitis a virus proteins 2b and 2bc and proteolytic processing of hav 2bc. | the ability to rearrange membranes is a unique feature of nonstructural proteins 2b, 2c, and 2bc of some picornaviruses. to analyze in detail membrane binding of the respective proteins of hepatitis a virus (hav), they were transiently expressed in the vaccinia/t7 system, and their effect on membrane permeability was studied using beta-galactosidase as reporter. although 2c had no effect, the significantly increased reporter activity observed in the extracellular space of 2b- and 2bc-expressing ... | 1998 | 9875331 |
| comparison of two immunization schedules with an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (avaximtm). | inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are licensed with a vaccination schedule based on two injections of vaccine given at least 6 months apart. | 1998 | 9876189 |
| yellow fever 5' noncoding region as a potential element to improve hepatitis c virus production through modification of translational control. | the lengthy 5' noncoding region (5' ncr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna forms a highly ordered secondary structure, very conserved among different strains. it includes an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element, responsible for the cap-independent translation initiation of hcv rna. similarly to the ires of hepatitis a virus (hav), another human hepatitis virus, hcv ires, activity in internal initiation of translation is weak. furthermore, both viruses exhibit a poor growth phenotype that may ... | 1998 | 9878525 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis a]. | 1998 | 9885656 | |
| hepatitis a virus: declining seroprevalence in children and adolescents in southeast asia. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in a country largely reflects its standards of hygiene and socioeconomic conditions. countries which undergo socioeconomic development show major change in hav prevalence from high to low endemicity, and this is largely reflected in patterns of age-related seroprevalence. this paper presents age-related hav seroprevalence patterns of se asian countries, and highlights how these patterns have changed over recent decades. singapore, thailand and malaysia h ... | 1998 | 9886108 |
| [viral hepatitis a: when a changing epidemiology implies a different prophylaxis]. | major progress has been made in the epidemiology and prophylaxis of hepatitis a virus (hav) since it was first discovered in stool samples by maccallum in 1973. seven types of the virus have been described. types 1, 2, 3 and 7 occur in humans and types 4, 5 and 6 in monkeys, but genotype is not correlated with antigenic response. immunization with the hm175 viral strain or natural infection by any of the virus types gives protection against all types of hav affecting humans. serological tests de ... | 1998 | 9642731 |
| membrane association and rna binding of recombinant hepatitis a virus protein 2c. | the direct function of hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 2c, a putative ntpase, is not known, yet genetic evidence obtained from chimeric viruses carrying the 2c genomic region of different hav variants indicates that it plays a pivotal role in viral replication. in a first assessment of its potential function(s), membrane and rna binding properties of hav 2c were studied after expressing the protein in various recombinant systems. in contrast to poliovirus 2c, expression of hav 2c was inhibitory ... | 1998 | 9645199 |
| recombinant hepatitis a virus antigen: improved production and utility in diagnostic immunoassays. | hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoassays use cell culture-derived hav antigen to detect hav-specific antibodies. the current method of production of hav antigen in tissue culture is time-consuming and expensive. we previously expressed the hav open reading frame in recombinant vaccinia viruses (rv-orf). the recombinant hav polyprotein was accurately processed and was assembled into subviral particles. these particles were bound by hav-neutralizing antibodies and were able to elicit antibodies which ... | 1998 | 9650953 |
| the human homolog of havcr-1 codes for a hepatitis a virus cellular receptor. | the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) cdna was isolated from a cdna expression library of african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells by using protective monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4, which blocks the binding of hepatitis a virus (hav) to agmk cells. the havcr-1 cdna codes for havcr-1, a 451-amino-acid class i integral-membrane mucin-like glycoprotein of unknown natural function. to determine the existence of a human homolog(s) of havcr-1 (huhavcr-1), we used havcr-1-specific prime ... | 1998 | 9658108 |
| production of antibody to hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface antigen measured after combined hepatitis a/hepatitis b vaccination in 242 adult volunteers. | two batches of a new hepatitis a/hepatitis b combined vaccine were tested in 242 healthy students. three injections, given at 0, 1 and 6 months, produced seroconversion rates and hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) antibody levels comparable to those reported after administration of separate monocomponent vaccines. the vaccine proved to be safe and well-tolerated. influence of host factors, such as elevated body mass index or gender, were investigated and proven to be ... | 1998 | 9658375 |
| hepatitis a virus infections associated with clotting factor concentrate in the united states. | two cases of hepatitis a among persons exposed to the same lot of solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor viii concentrate were reported to a surveillance system. an investigation was conducted to find additional cases and determine the source of infection. | 1998 | 9661691 |
| a unique hepatitis a virus strain caused an epidemic in norway associated with intravenous drug abuse. the hepatitis a study group. | a major epidemic of hepatitis a virus (hav), associated with intravenous drug abuser (ivda) communities, was studied by molecular epidemiology using a 348 bp region of the vp1/2pa junction of the hav genome. a total of 621 cases were notified during the 2-year epidemic, 492 of whom were ivda. serum samples, taken from 79 patients during the acute phase of infection, were selected for analysis of hav rna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing. a unique epidemic ... | 1998 | 9670356 |
| safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. | acute hepatitis a superimposed on chronic liver disease (cld) has been associated with severe or fulminant hepatitis. an open, multicenter study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in patients with cld with that in healthy subjects. a secondary objective was to compare the safety of the hepatitis a vaccine with that of a commercial hepatitis b vaccine in subjects with chronic hepatitis c. a total of 475 subjects over the age of 18 years we ... | 1998 | 9500723 |
| preventing acute liver disease in patients with chronic liver disease. | 1998 | 9500724 | |
| a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus. | a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus (hav) was defined in the vp3 protein. convalescent sera recognised the synthetic peptide 3110-3121 (fwrgdlvfdfqv). the replacement of the arginine, glycine, or aspartic acid at positions 112, 113, or 114, respectively by other amino acids induced the loss of synthetic peptide recognition by human convalescent sera, thereby confirming the presence of an epitope in the original vp3(110-121) sequence. shorter vp3 peptides such as vp3(110-119). vp3(110-1 ... | 1998 | 9496366 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of avaxim (160 au) as compared with havrix (1440 el.u) as a booster following primary immunization with havrix (1440 el.u) against hepatitis a. | hepatitis a vaccination is recommended for travelers from the uk to areas of moderate or high endemicity. two licensed hepatitis a vaccines are now available in the uk, and this trial was undertaken to determine whether avaxim can be used as a booster following a primary course of havrix. | 1998 | 9772311 |
| simultaneous amoebic liver abscess and hepatitis a infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and amoebic liver abscess have an identical mode of transmission (fecal-oral route) and similar epidemiology. either of these diseases might be considered in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease in areas of the world where hepatitis and entamoeba histolytica are endemic. the following two cases describe patients with simultaneous infection of hav and amoebic liver abscess. this report emphasizes the role of dual infection in pati ... | 1998 | 9772324 |
| [anti-actin antibodies in acute viral hepatitis a in children]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has been proposed as a possible trigger of autoimmune hepatitis type i. we have previously reported the presence of anti-actin antibodies en protracted hepatitis a. at present the presence of anti-actin antibodies in acute uncomplicated hepatitis a is unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and persistence of anti-actin antibodies un children with acute hepatitis a. | 1998 | 9773155 |
| immunization against hepatitis a during an outbreak in a jewish orthodox community--quebec, 1997-1998. | 1998 | 9780447 | |
| [an outbreak caused by hepatitis a virus in an institution for the mentally handicapped--detection of hepatitis a virus rna using ctab method]. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody in people has decreased from year to year in japan. a sequential outbreak occurred in an institution for the mentally handicapped people in chiba city in the summer of 1995. eight people were infected including 7 residents and one staff member. we tested to detect antigen in fecal samples by elisa and pcr for early diagnosis for hepatitis a infection. four sera and 5 feces were obtained from 5 patients between 2 and 8 days after the onset of sym ... | 1998 | 9780581 |
| persistence of infectious hepatitis a virus and its genome in artificial seawater. | the stability of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome detectable by rt-pcr in artificial sterile seawater seeded with hav has been compared to that of hav detectable in cell culture. the hav genome was detectable by rt-pcr for 232 days while virus particles were detectable in cell culture for only 35 days. this difference in stability indicates that detection of the hav genome by rt-pcr is not a reliable indicator of the survival of hav detectable in cell cultures. however, before these results ca ... | 1998 | 9789362 |
| new target groups for vaccination against hepatitis a: homosexual men, injecting drug users and patients with chronic hepatitis. | in countries where the incidence of hepatitis a is low outbreaks of hepatitis a regularly occur among injecting drug users (idus) and homosexual men. obviously these groups are important reservoirs of hepatitis a virus (hav) and vaccination within these groups should be encouraged. in elderly patients, as well as in patients with chronic liver disease, hepatitis a infection may have a worse prognosis than in young and healthy patients. also for that reason, patients with chronic liver disease, e ... | 1998 | 9790149 |
| [secondary infection with hepatitis a in rhesus monkeys after experimental inoculation]. | time course of specific humoral immunity is studied in 186 macaca mulatta spontaneously infected with hepatitis a virus (hav). immunity parameters are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively and their similarity to those in human hepatitis a (ha) is demonstrated. repeated ha was reproduced in 12 seropositive macaca mulatta infected with hav-mr in high doses. the disease was characterized either by periodical virus release with feces for 1.5-2 months (10(4) id50) or by that together with a ... | 1998 | 9791880 |
| [the vaccinal prevention of viral hepatitis a in military groups]. | 1998 | 9793452 | |
| is a vaccination program against hepatitis a needed in india? | 1998 | 9795512 | |
| hepatitis g virus infection in acute fulminant hepatitis: prevalence of hgv infection and sequence analysis of a specific viral strain. | hepatitis g virus (hgv) is a recently discovered rna virus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family. although hgv infection is usually not associated with elevated serum transaminases, some recent studies have reported that hgv infection is found in a significant number of patients with fulminant hepatitis and may play a role in its etiopathogenesis. in this study the prevalence of hgv infection was determined in 500 healthy blood donors and in 24 patients admitted to hospital because of acute ... | 1998 | 9795913 |
| proof of hepatitis a virus negative-sense rna by rna/dna-hybrid detection: a method for specific detection of both viral negative- and positive-strand rna species. | the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) negative-strand rna, which is synthesized during replication of the positive-strand rna genome, proved to be difficult. we developed a method for the specific detection of hav negative-strand rna by rna-dna hybridization and luminescence detection using an anti-rna:dna hybrid antibody. this method, which is also applicable for the specific detection of positive-strand rna, offers a simple, yet relatively rapid and certain means of detecting low amounts of ... | 1998 | 9801326 |
| [prevalence of anti-hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease]. | the recent availability of an effective vaccine for preventing hepatitis a has led to the performance of a prevalence study of antibodies versus the hepatitis a virus (hav) in our patients with chronic liver disease by hepatitis b and c, as a step prior to vaccination. the sera of 425 patients with a mean age of 40 years was studied, with the global antibodies versus hav being determined (abbott). the prevalence was to 75.2% varying from 20% at 19 years to 93% in those over the age of 40. the pr ... | 1998 | 9808894 |
| [indications and prescription of hepatitis a vaccine in spain. report of the spanish association for the study of the liver]. | 1998 | 9810537 | |
| hepatitis a virus sequence detected in clotting factor concentrates associated with disease transmission. | since the early 1990s hepatitis a virus (hav) infections among recipients of solvent-detergent treated factor viii concentrates have occurred in europe, south africa and the united states. a review of the epidemiological and laboratory-based investigations of the outbreaks in germany and ireland were consistent with transmission by factor concentrates but limited information about transmission based upon nucleic acid sequences was obtained, and no clear chain of transmission could be established ... | 1998 | 9811512 |
| interaction of poly(rc) binding protein 2 with the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis a virus rna and its effects on translation. | utilization of internal ribosome entry segment (ires) structures in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr) of picornavirus rnas for initiation of translation requires a number of host cell factors whose distribution may vary in different cells and whose requirement may vary for different picornaviruses. we have examined the requirement of the cellular protein poly(rc) binding protein 2 (pcbp2) for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna translation. pcbp2 has recently been identified as a factor required for trans ... | 1998 | 9811700 |
| increased infectivity of hepatitis a virus cdna clones with engineered 5'-terminal extra-cistronic sequences. | the genomic rna of hepatitis a virus (hav), a picornavirus of the hepatovirus group, is a single-stranded molecule, ca. 7.5 kb in length of positive polarity. translation of this uncapped rna starts at the 10th (or 11th) aug triplet (position 734-36), by a mechanism of internal initiation of translation. the long sequences extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the translation initiation site contain two (instead of just one) pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts) spanning nucleotides 94-140 and 711-7 ... | 1998 | 9812312 |
| the diverse patterns of hepatitis a epidemiology in the united states-implications for vaccination strategies. | hepatitis a is the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable disease in the united states. hepatitis a incidence and risk factors during 1983-1995 were examined among cases reported to the study's sentinel counties: denver county, colorado; pierce county, washington; jefferson county, alabama; and pinellas county, florida. of 4897 serologically confirmed cases, 611 patients (13%) were hospitalized and 9 (0.2%) died. the average incidence was 14.7/100, 000 (range, 0.6-100.7/100,000, depending ... | 1998 | 9815207 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in thai young adults. | in view of the increasing median age of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection observed recently in asia, and the resulting increased number of symptomatic cases occurring in adults, with the concomitant risk of outbreaks, immunization against this agent on a national scale might be considered. an open clinical trial was conducted in thai adolescents and young adults in order to establish the immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. at 24-week intervals, two doses (primary ... | 1998 | 10772564 |
| discovery of non-a, non-b hepatitis and identification of its etiology. | the discovery of hepatitis c was the direct result of the landmark discoveries of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) and their serologies. screening tests for hav and hbv made it possible in the mid-1970s to examine cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis (tah) and to demonstrate that only approximately 25% resulted from hbv and that none were related to hav. consequently, approximately 75% of tah became classified as non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh). subsequently, chimpanzee st ... | 1999 | 10653450 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in western indian population: changing pattern. | this report pertains to a retrospective study conducted between 1983 and 1995 at three time points to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the population of bhor taluk, situated in western india. serum samples from children and adults were tested for anti-hav antibodies using blocking elisa test. there was a significant decrease in anti-hav prevalence among children aged 5-10 years in 1995 (87.36%) as compared to that of 1983 (97.58%) and 1987 (96.48%). all individuals ... | 1999 | 10774693 |
| [in situ enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis a virus]. | to establish a more simple and sensitive technique for identification of hepatitis a virus (hav). | 1999 | 12759978 |
| a new cluster of hepatitis a infection in hemophiliacs traced to a contaminated plasma pool. | recently, several clusters of hepatitis a have been observed among hemophiliacs linked to factor viii concentrates treated for virus inactivation solely with the solvent/detergent (s/d) method, a procedure that does not affect nonenveloped viruses such as the hepatitis a virus (hav). a new outbreak of hepatitis a in six hemophiliacs treated with the same lot of a factor viii preparation occurred recently in germany. the objective of the study was to clarify whether these diseases were caused by ... | 1999 | 9892390 |
| an economic analysis of different strategies of immunization against hepatitis a virus in developed countries. | acute hepatitis a is a major public health problem in developed countries, and because a large proportion of patients with acute hepatitis a do not have any identifiable risk factors, current practice of targeting the high-risk groups for vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall incidence of acute hepatitis a. no economic analysis of strategies of mass immunization against hav is available. three different strategies of immunization agai ... | 1999 | 9918934 |
| hepatitis a virus translation is rate-limiting for virus replication in mrc-5 cells. | translation of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is controlled by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) located within the 5' untranslated region (utr). in some cell types, the characteristically slow growth of hav may be due to inefficient viral translation. we investigated whether this is true in mrc-5 cells, which are used for vaccine production. we measured the impact of two clusters of mutations in the 5' utr on virus translation and replication: the ag group was selected during passage in afric ... | 1999 | 9986793 |
| intrinsic signals for the assembly of hepatitis a virus particles. role of structural proteins vp4 and 2a. | capsid assembly is the final event of virus replication, and its understanding is pivotal for the design of empty capsid-based recombinant vaccines and drug delivery systems. although the capsid structure of several members of the picornavirus family has been elucidated, little is known about the structural elements governing the assembly process that is tightly associated with proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein. among the picornaviruses, hepatitis a virus (hav) is unique in that it ... | 1999 | 9988685 |
| comparison of seven rna extraction methods on stool and shellfish samples prior to hepatitis a virus amplification. | when choosing an extraction method, two parameters have to be considered: recovery of the viral material and elimination or inactivation of inhibitory substances. seven techniques for extracting hepatitis a virus (hav) from stool and shellfish samples were compared, in order to identify the protocol most suited to both types of sample and with the best extraction yield. the protocols tested were either techniques for the recovery and purification of total rna, such as rnazol, peg-cetab, gtc-sili ... | 1999 | 10029321 |
| prevalence of enteric hepatitis a and e viruses in the mekong river delta region of vietnam. | a study of antibody prevalence for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was carried out in southwestern vietnam in an area adjacent to a known focus of epidemic hev transmission. the purpose of this investigation was first to provide a prevalence measure of hepatitis infections, and second to determine the outbreak potential of hev as a function of the susceptible population. blood specimens collected from 646 persons in randomly selected village hamlets were examined by an elisa ... | 1999 | 10072151 |
| hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults: a comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity between two- and three-dose regimens. | inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine was administered to 55 healthy seronegative adult volunteers to evaluate the immunogenicity and adverse reactions of two doses of hav vaccination (25 units) in comparison with a three-dose regimen. the volunteers were randomly assigned to receive one of the two regimens: 26 were vaccinated with two doses at 0 and 24 weeks (group 1), and 29 were vaccinated with three doses at 0, 2, and 24 weeks (group 2). the vaccine was well tolerated and there was no ... | 1999 | 10078604 |
| avian encephalomyelitis virus is a picornavirus and is most closely related to hepatitis a virus. | the complete rna genome of avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. this revealed aev to be a member of the picornaviridae and consequently it is the first avian picornavirus for which the genome has been sequenced. excluding the poly(a) tail the genome comprises 7032 nucleotides, which is shorter than that of any mammalian picornavirus sequenced to date. an open reading frame commencing at nucleotide 495 and terminating at position 6896 (6402 nucleotides) p ... | 1999 | 10092005 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of hepatitis c virus infection in a population of okayama prefecture screened for liver disease. | to better understand the spread of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, we studied the association of hcv infection with similarly transmissible hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, which is supposed to be related to a nosocomial transmission of hcv. this was done by studying the presence or absence of antibodies to these viruses, as well as hepatitis b surface antigen, in a population of 1,398 inhabitants with abnormal liver function tests or history of li ... | 1999 | 10096736 |
| quantification of hepatitis a virus in shellfish by competitive reverse transcription-pcr with coextraction of standard rna. | to quantify hepatitis a virus (hav) in experimentally contaminated mussels, we developed an internal standard rna with a 7-nucleotide deletion for competitive reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. deposited directly into the sample, this standard was used both as extraction control and as quantification tool. after coextraction and competitive rt-pcr, standard and wild-type products were detected by differential hybridization with specific probes and a dna enzyme immunoassay. the quantifiable range wi ... | 1999 | 9872801 |
| viral superinfection in previously unrecognized chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus with superimposed acute fulminant versus nonfulminant hepatitis. | the role of viral superinfection in hepatitis b surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. the frequency of hepatitis a virus (hav) (0 versus 2.2%), hcv (18.3 versus 21.1%), hdv (15.0 versus 7.8%), and hev (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous hcv and hdv infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). only 3. 6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulmi ... | 1999 | 9854101 |
| folding of pyrimidine-enriched rna fragments from the vicinity of the internal ribosomal entry site of hepatitis a virus. | two rna fragments from the region just upstream of the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis a virus (hav) were studied, a 35mer (hav-35), 5'u4c3u3c3u4c3u3c2uau2c3u33(4), and a 23mer (hav-23), 5(4)u4c3u3c3u4c3u33(4). secondary structural predictions and nuclease digestion patterns obtained with genomic rnas suggested that they link two stable watson-crick (wc) hairpins in the genomic rna and do not form conventional wc secondary structure, but do fold to form a condensed, stacked 'domain'. t ... | 1999 | 9862995 |
| molecular confirmation of hepatitis a virus from well water: epidemiology and public health implications. | an outbreak of hepatitis a in a rural river-island community was found to be associated with consumption of contaminated well water. specimens from case-patients, the implicated well, and a cesspool suspected to be the source of contamination were all positive for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna by immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. all isolates were identical over about 400 bases from two capsid-encoding regions of the genome, identifying the chain of transmission. other ... | 1999 | 9841820 |
| hepatitis a: infection, detection, vaccination and immunity. | 1999 | 10509073 | |
| hepatitis a virus proteins. | the rna genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) shares common characteristics of the picornavirus family. however, the nucleotide or amino acid sequences are distantly related with other members of the family. like other picornaviruses, hav proteins are cleaved from a large polyprotein (po), but the processing and some products are quite different. the 3c protein is the sole processing enzyme, and the primary cleavage takes place at the 2a/2b site. several vp1-2a sites are proposed. in some strains, t ... | 1999 | 10516462 |
| excretion of hepatitis a virus (hav) in adults: comparison of immunologic and molecular detection methods and relationship between hav positivity and infectivity in tamarins. | fecal excretion of hepatitis a virus (hav) in 18 patients with hav infection was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (eia) to detect viral antigen and by reverse transcription-pcr amplification followed by ethidium bromide staining (pcr-etbr) or nucleic acid hybridization (pcr-na) to detect viral genetic material. a gradation of sensitivity was observed in the detection of virus by the three methods. in persons who had detectable virus, serial stool samples were found to be positive by eia for up to ... | 1999 | 10523563 |
| a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of foodborne viruses. | a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for the simultaneous detection of the human enteroviruses, hepatitis a virus (hav) and norwalk virus (nv). poliovirus type 1 (pv1) was chosen as a model for the human enterovirus group. three different sets of primers were used to produce three size-specific amplicons of 435 bp, 270 bp, and 192 bp for pv1, nv, and hav, respectively. rt-pcr products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and amplicon ... | 1999 | 10528729 |
| prevention of hepatitis a through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | routine vaccination of children is the most effective way to reduce hepatitis a incidence nationwide over time. since licensure of hepatitis a vaccine in 1995, this strategy has been implemented incrementally, starting with the recommendation of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) in 1996 to vaccinate children living in communities with the highest rates of infection and disease. these updated recommendations represent the next phase of this hepatitis a immunization strategy. ... | 1999 | 10543657 |
| safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in 4 to 15 year old children. | among 277 healthy venezuelan children, aged between 4 and 15 years, who were screened for hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies, 118 seronegative children were enrolled in an open study. each child received one dose of the pasteur mérieux connaught inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (avaxim¿trade mark omitted¿, 160 antigen units), followed by a booster dose 24 weeks later. all seronegative subjects seroconverted 2 weeks after immunisation (antibody titres greater, similar20 miu/ml), and antibody titre ... | 1999 | 10547425 |
| improving proteolytic cleavage at the 3a/3b site of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein impairs processing and particle formation, and the impairment can be complemented in trans by 3ab and 3abc. | the orchestrated liberation of viral proteins by 3c(pro)-mediated proteolysis is pivotal for gene expression by picornaviruses. proteolytic processing is regulated either by the amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of the substrate or by cofactors covalently or noncovalently linked to the viral proteinase. to determine the role of the amino acid sequence at cleavage sites 3a/3b and 3b/3c that are essential for the liberation of 3c(pro) from its precursors and to assess the function of the st ... | 1999 | 10559299 |
| mapping of protein domains of hepatitis a virus 3ab essential for interaction with 3cd and viral rna. | the small hydrophobic protein 3ab of the picornaviruses, encompassing the replication primer 3b, has been suggested to anchor the viral replication complex to membranes. for hepatitis a virus (hav) 3ab, we have previously demonstrated its ability to form stable homodimers, to bind to membranes, and to interact specifically with rna, implicating its multiple involvement in viral replication. in the present report, we show that hav 3ab additionally interacts with hav protein 3cd, a feature also de ... | 1999 | 10562502 |
| comparison of immunogenicity of two hepatitis a vaccines--vaqta and havrix--in young adults. | two new hepatitis a vaccines have been developed, and their immunogenicity tested using different immunoassays. the present study was designed to compare the immunogenicity of these two hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines--vaqta and havrix--as determined by seroconversion rates and anti-hav titers, and using the same immunoassay. healthy volunteers (15-30 y), seronegative for anti-hav, were randomized in an open single center study to four groups of 20-21 vaccinees each, to receive either a 25 u or ... | 1999 | 10403597 |
| [a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and b]. | 1999 | 10413972 | |
| hepatitis a outbreaks among illicit drug users and their contacts in queensland, 1997. | to describe five outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection associated with illicit drug use during a statewide outbreak of hav infection in queensland. | 1999 | 10416427 |
| antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein. | forty-two antigenic domains were identified across the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein by using a set of 237 overlapping 20-mer synthetic peptides spanning the entire hav polyprotein and a panel of serum samples from acutely hav-infected patients. the term "antigenic domain" is used in this study to define a protein region spanned with consecutive overlapping immunoreactive peptides. nineteen antigenic domains were found within the structural proteins, and 22 were found within the nonstructu ... | 1999 | 10417261 |
| the hepatitis alphabet--hepatitis a-g and ttv. | during the past three decades the number of viruses known to be capable to inducing liver inflammation has been considerably expanded. this short review gives a quick overview of the virologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options. newer hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis gb-virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), and transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) are discussed and data concerning their disease-inducing capacity reviewed. | 1999 | 10420504 |
| hepatitis a among health workers in paris hospitals. occupational health physicians of paris hospital (ap-hp). | to design a vaccination strategy against hepatitis a among hospital employees, we carried out a serological survey of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in 10 university hospitals in the paris area. subjects under 60 years of age were consecutively enrolled by occupational health services and tested for igg to hav by elisa. of the 1,516 subjects recruited, 926 were health workers (hw), 322 clerks, and 268 cooks or kitchen employees. among hw and clerks the hav seroprevalence was 53.8% (95% ci: 44 ... | 1999 | 10421396 |
| ascertainment of secondary cases of hepatitis a--kansas, 1996-1997. | each year, 25,000-30,000 cases of hepatitis a are reported in the united states. the most common infection source (22%-26%) is household or sexual contact with a person already infected with hepatitis a virus (hav) (i.e., the source-patient). in kansas during 1992-1997, contact with a source-patient was reported by 39% of persons with hepatitis a. cases reported in 1996 and 1997 were studied retrospectively to determine the reasons for the apparently high proportion of secondary cases and to eva ... | 1999 | 10428094 |
| hepatitis a in australia in the 1990s: future directions in surveillance and control. | the national notification data from 1952 to 1997 was examined in order to characterise hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in australia in the 1990s, and to determine whether currently available surveillance data are sufficient to inform disease control strategies and vaccination policies. hepatitis a annual notification rates declined dramatically from a high of 123 notifications per 100,000 persons in 1961, to 3 per 100,000 in 1989. during 1991-97, the hepatitis a notification rate was 12 per 10 ... | 1999 | 10429311 |
| inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b infection. | hepatitis b (hbv)-infected patients have a higher morbidity and mortality when super-infected by hepatitis a (hav). | 1999 | 10571600 |
| [surveillance of hepatitis a by molecular epidemiologic studies]. | hepatitis a virus was studied by molecular epidemiology in connection with an outbreak of hepatitis a associated with intravenous drug users (ivdu) in norway. hepatitis a virus was characterised by sequencing 114 of 1,242 notified cases of hepatitis a from january 1995 to july 1998. one hepatitis a variant (ivdu variant i) was detected among ivdu during an outbreak of hepatitis a, as well as among 19 out of 49 cases with no apparent association to this outbreak. during the autumn of 1997, a new ... | 1999 | 10574047 |
| tolerance and immunogenicity of the simultaneous administration of virosome hepatitis a and yellow fever vaccines. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and immunogenicity of a hepatitis a vaccine using immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (iriv) as adjuvant when administered simultaneously with a yellow fever vaccine (yfv). | 1999 | 10575170 |
| hepatitis a virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses following immunization with a formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | to evaluate proliferative t cell responses elicited by a formalin-inactivated hav vaccine, we immunized 10 subjects with an inactivated hav vaccine, and measured hav antibody titers and hav-specific t cell proliferation. gamma-interferon production by pbmc's was evaluated in selected subjects. by week 30, seroconversion (geometric mean titer=2299 miu/ml), and hav-specific proliferation was detected in all subjects. hav also induced gamma-interferon in the three subjects studied. these data indic ... | 1999 | 10580203 |
| hepatitis a in latin america: a changing epidemiologic pattern. | in a multicenter study, hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence was surveyed in six countries in latin america in which in 12,000 subjects were stratified for age. the highest rates of seroprevalence were recorded in the dominican republic (89.0%) and mexico (81.0%), with lower rates in brazil (64.7%), chile (58.1%), venezuela (55.7%), and argentina (55.0%). the seroprevalence of hav in children between 1 and 5 years of age was less than 50%, except in the dominican republic. in the 5-10-year-old ... | 1999 | 10586919 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in an institution. | in february 1996, four serologically confirmed cases of hepatitis a virus (hav) occurred in one household. investigation showed that the source was a family member with sub-clinical hav who attended a unit for learning disabilities. reports of two further cases in the institution followed and control measures were instigated. contacts were unwilling to accept human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). following salivary antibody and serological testing, hepatitis a vaccine was offered to the non-immune ... | 1999 | 10598420 |
| crystal structure of an inhibitor complex of the 3c proteinase from hepatitis a virus (hav) and implications for the polyprotein processing in hav. | the proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein is an essential step during the life cycle of hepatitis a virus (hav), as it is in all positive-sense, single-stranded rna viruses of animals. in hav the 3c proteinase is the only proteolytic activity involved in the polyprotein processing. the specific recognition of the cleavage sites by the 3c proteinase depends on the amino acid sequence of the cleavage site. the structure of the complex of the hav 3c proteinase and a dipeptide inhibitor ha ... | 1999 | 10603326 |
| a survey on hepatitis a in portuguese children and adolescents. | in the early 1980s, portugal could be classified as a highly endemic area for hepatitis a. however, marked economic and sanitary improvements took place during the following years. in this study we evaluated the temporal trends in the prevalence of hepatitis a in children and adolescents, to identify risk factors for the infection. the study sample included students aged 6 to 19 years (n=999), attending public and private schools. all randomly selected participants gave information on social, de ... | 1999 | 10607238 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus in heat-treated mussels. | hepatitis a is a widespread infectious disease world-wide. in italy, shellfish consumption was shown to be a major risk factor for hepatitis a infection, especially when these products are eaten raw or slightly cooked. the aim of the present study was to evaluate hepatitis a virus (hav) resistance in experimentally contaminated mussels treated at different temperatures (60, 80 and 100 degrees c) for various times. the presence of hav was evaluated by cell culture infection and reverse transcript ... | 1999 | 10664911 |
| detection of antibodies against hepatitis a virus in eluates of blood spotted on filter-paper: a pilot study in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the validity of blood spotted on to filter-paper (bsofp) eluates for the detection of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated in 718 individuals (children and adults) during a field study in a small area in rio de janeiro state, brazil. serum samples were considered the 'gold standard'. bsofp eluates were analyzed by 2 different techniques: microplate competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the whole study group and microparticle enzyme immune assay (meia) of ... | 1999 | 10674088 |
| evaluation of the purity of a purified, inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (vaqta). | manufacture of vaqta, an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine, includes extensive purification of the intact virus particle to remove endogenous components from the host cell culture lysate as well as compounds introduced in the upstream purification process. analysis of the final purified hepatitis a virus product by sds-page prior to inactivation shows that greater than 95% of the protein in the preparation is found in four protein bands, which have been confirmed to be hepatitis a virus caps ... | 1999 | 10438053 |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440342 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440343 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440344 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440345 |