Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [effects of hand hygiene on feline calicivirus inactivation and removal as norovirus surrogate treated with antiseptic hand rubbing, wet wipes, and functional water]. | as a preventive action plan against gastroenteritis caused by the norovirus (nv), we studied hand hygiene effects using with three hand rubbing products, four wet wipe products, and two functional water types using feline calicivirus as a norovirus surrogate. after treatment using antiseptic hand rubbing products containing chlorhexidine, quaternary ammonium, and povidone-iodine, high inactivation detected by tcid50 was observed compared to products containing povidone-iodine, although no differ ... | 2007 | 17564112 |
| benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis: a retrospective study of 39 cases including virological tests and efficacy of anticonvulsants. | benign convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (cwg) are a commonly observed disorder in asia, especially in infants and seniors. here, we describe a retrospective study about the clinical features of cwg in 62 children hospitalized at st. mary's hospital (kurume city, japan) between january 1, 2000 and march 31, 2006, and further evaluate the efficacies of various anticonvulsant treatments for patients with cwg due to either rotavirus or norovirus. causative diarrheal viruses were dete ... | 2007 | 17544607 |
| in vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses. | human noroviruses cause severe, self-limiting gastroenteritis that typically lasts 24-48 hours. because of the lack of suitable tissue culture or animal models, the true nature of norovirus pathogenesis remains unknown. we show, for the first time, that noroviruses can infect and replicate in a physiologically relevant 3-dimensional (3-d), organoid model of human small intestinal epithelium. this level of cellular differentiation was achieved by growing the cells on porous collagen-i coated micr ... | 2007 | 17552092 |
| norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis, madagascar, 2004-2005. | of 237 children with acute gastroenteritis in antananarivo, madagascar, during may 2004-may 2005, 14 ( 6%) were infected with norovirus. seasonality (november-december peak) was detected. reverse transcription-pcr identified gii as the most common genogroup. gis belonged to gi.1, gi.3, and gi.4. noroviruses in madagascar show extensive genetic diversity. | 2007 | 17553234 |
| serotype 1 and 2 bovine noroviruses are endemic in cattle in the united kingdom and germany. | the genomically and antigenically distinct bovine noroviruses bo/jena/1980/de and bo/newbury2/1976/uk have been associated with calf diarrhea. in the present seroprevalence study, both were found to be endemic in cattle from germany and the united kingdom, a finding in contrast to previous virus prevalence studies. they were less common than group a rotaviruses, particularly in calves, suggesting a different epidemiology. | 2007 | 17596356 |
| carlow virus, a 2002 gii.4 variant norovirus strain from ireland. | noroviruses are the leading cause of infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis in ireland (population 4 million). due to the number of outbreaks, its massive impact on the irish health service and its seasonality, norovirus has gained public notoriety as the winter vomiting bug. the increase in cases in ireland in the 2002-2003 season coincided with the emergence of two new genogroup ii genotype 4 variant clusters of norovirus worldwide. | 2007 | 17567897 |
| recovery of infectious murine norovirus using pol ii-driven expression of full-length cdna. | noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. these viruses have remained refractory to detailed molecular studies because of the lack of a reverse genetics system coupled to a permissive cell line for targeted genetic manipulation. there is no permissive cell line in which to grow infectious human noroviruses nor an authentic animal model that supports their replication. in contrast, murine norovirus (mnv) offers a tractable system for the study of noroviruses with ... | 2007 | 17581883 |
| [preliminary trial of syndromic surveillance to early detection of nosocomial infection outbreak]. | to detect nosocomial outbreaks early we construct syndromic surveillance for inpatients with fever, respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, or rash and evaluate it statistically. | 2007 | 17447475 |
| interference between outbreaks of epidemic viruses. | 2007 | 17577842 | |
| cytokine and antibody responses in gnotobiotic pigs after infection with human norovirus genogroup ii.4 (hs66 strain). | a human norovirus genogroup ii.4 strain hs66 (hunov-hs66) infects and causes mild diarrhea in gnotobiotic (gn) pigs (s. cheetham, m. souza, t. meulia, s. grimes, m. g. han, and l. j. saif, j. virol. 80:10372-10381, 2006). in this study we evaluated systemic and intestinal humoral and cellular immune responses to hunov-hs66 in orally inoculated pigs. antibodies and type i interferon (ifn-i or ifn-alpha), proinflammatory interleukin-6 (il-6), th1 (il-12 and ifn-gamma), th2 (il-4), and th2/regulato ... | 2007 | 17581999 |
| differential cleavage of the norovirus polyprotein precursor by two active forms of the viral protease. | protein translation in noroviruses requires translational processing of a polyprotein precursor by the viral protease. so far, the molecular mechanisms of catalytic cleavage by the viral protease are poorly understood. in this study, the catalytic activities and substrate specificities of the viral protease were examined in vitro by using synthetic peptides (11-15 residues) corresponding to the cleavage sites of the norovirus polyprotein. both predicted forms of the viral protease, the 3c-like p ... | 2007 | 17554035 |
| anti-norovirus polyclonal antibody and its potential for development of an antigen-elisa. | norovirus (nov) capsid proteins were expressed as virus-like particles (vlps) by using recombinant baculovirus in insect cells, which had 5 genotypes in genogroup i and 11 genotypes in genogroup ii, and the vlps were used as immunogens. polyclonal antibody against the vlp of gii/3 genotype showed broad-range cross-reactivity, reacting not only with intra-genogroup strains, but also inter-genogroup strains, by antibody-elisa using 16 kinds of vlps. furthermore, antigen-elisa was conducted in sand ... | 2007 | 17596835 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in rio de janeiro, brazil, 2004. | the role of noroviruses (nov) as a cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks is well documented; however, the importance of nov infections in hospitalized children is not well established. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genetic diversity of nov in hospitalized children. | 2007 | 17596802 |
| humoral immune responses against norovirus infections of children. | in 2 infants with gastroenteritis associated with norovirus (nov), serum immunoglobulin (ig) g, igm, iga, and fecal iga antibody responses against nov were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 11 different antigenic and genetic types of nov virus-like particles expressed in insect cells. these two cases were putative primary single nov infections, because antibodies against novs were not detected in acute-phase serums. in one of two cases, long-term excretion of virus rna for 33 d ... | 2007 | 17597489 |
| effects of different animal waste treatment technologies on detection and viability of porcine enteric viruses. | enteric pathogens in animal waste that is not properly processed can contaminate the environment and food. the persistence of pathogens in animal waste depends upon the waste treatment technology, but little is known about persistence of porcine viruses. our objectives were to characterize the porcine enteric viruses (porcine noroviruses [ponovs], porcine sapoviruses [posavs], rotavirus a [rv-a], rv-b, and rv-c) in fresh feces or manure and to evaluate the effects of different candidate environm ... | 2007 | 17601821 |
| large outbreak of norovirus: the baker who should have known better. | in january 2001, 231 persons from the staff of a department in the netherlands fell sick with diarrhoea and vomiting after a buffet lunch, which was prepared and served at a restaurant. eighteen restaurant employees also reported illness. | 2007 | 17602749 |
| an internally controlled, one-step, real-time rt-pcr assay for norovirus detection and genogrouping. | reverse transcription (rt)-pcr for norovirus detection is prone to false-negative results due to inhibitory substances in faeces. an internal control is needed to monitor extraction efficiency and to detect inhibition. | 2007 | 17604686 |
| genetic heterogeneity, evolution, and recombination in noroviruses. | norovirus is one of the most common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. a total of 603 fecal specimens collected from sporadic pediatric cases of acute gastroenteritis in japan from 2004 to 2005 were tested for the presence of norovirus by rt-pcr. it was found that 51 (8.5%) specimens were positive for norovirus. the norovirus genotypes detected in this study were gii/1, gii/2, gii/3, gii/4, gii/6, and gii/7. of these, gii/3 was the most predominant (52.9%), followed by gii/4 (37.2 ... | 2007 | 17607779 |
| epochal evolution of ggii.4 norovirus capsid proteins from 1995 to 2006. | noroviruses are the causative agents of the majority of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans. during the past 15 years, noroviruses of genotype ggii.4 have caused four epidemic seasons of viral gastroenteritis, during which four novel variants (termed epidemic variants) emerged and displaced the resident viruses. in order to understand the mechanisms and biological advantages of these epidemic variants, we studied the genetic changes in the capsid proteins of ggii.4 strains over this period ... | 2007 | 17609280 |
| chlorine sensitivity of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. | the sensitivity to free chlorine of feline calicivirus (fcv), a norovirus surrogate, was examined relative to chlorine demand. when a crude suspension of fcv was treated with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 10 microg/ml free chlorine, the extent of the decrease of viral infectivity clearly depended on the volume of the reaction mixture. the apparent sensitivity of fcv to free chlorine increased with the reduction of host cell debris, indicating that chlorine demand must be minimized to ... | 2007 | 17616623 |
| role of fomite contamination during an outbreak of norovirus on houseboats. | an outbreak of suspected norovirus gastroenteritis among three consecutive groups of houseboaters on a large recreational lake in arizona was investigated to assess the role of fomite contamination, and to provide recommendations for prevention of future outbreaks. interior boat surfaces were sampled for norovirus using transport swabs. onboard toilet reservoirs were swabbed as a surrogate for stool samples from ill participants, since none were available, and onboard potable water supplies were ... | 2007 | 17616868 |
| comparing serologic response against enteric pathogens with reported diarrhea to assess the impact of improved household drinking water quality. | we evaluated enteric infection serology as an alternative outcome measure to diarrhea prevalence in a randomized controlled trial of household-based drinking water treatment; 492 households were randomly assigned to 5 household-based water treatment interventions or control. individuals were followed weekly over 52 weeks to measure diarrhea prevalence. study subjects of age <or= 6 months and < 24 months had blood drawn at entry and exit from the study or age cohort. serologic assays for cryptosp ... | 2007 | 17620645 |
| murine noroviruses comprising a single genogroup exhibit biological diversity despite limited sequence divergence. | viruses within the genus norovirus of the family caliciviridae are the major cause of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. human noroviruses are genetically diverse, with up to 57% divergence in capsid protein sequences, and comprise three genogroups. the significance of such genetic diversity is not yet understood. the discovery of murine norovirus (mnv) and its ability to productively infect cultured murine macrophages and dendritic cells has provided an opportunity to determine the ... | 2007 | 17652401 |
| increased detection of clostridium difficile during a norovirus outbreak. | 2007 | 17669553 | |
| outbreak management and implications of a nosocomial norovirus outbreak. | noroviruses are enterically transmitted and are a frequent cause of gastroenteritis, affecting 23 million people annually in the united states. we describe a norovirus outbreak and its control in a tertiary care hospital during february-may 2004. | 2007 | 17682985 |
| a sensitive and reliable reverse transcriptase pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human pathogenic viruses in bivalve molluscs. | a colorimetric method, reverse transcriptase pcr with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) was evaluated for ease of use, reliability, and sensitivity when detecting known human pathogenic virus present in shellfish, using a traditional polyethylene precipitation or immunocapture virus concentration method. the newly developed elisa method could successfully detect enteroviruses and noroviruses in artificially and naturally contaminated shellfish. overall, elisa was shown to be a ... | 2007 | 17612079 |
| sensitive multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for the detection of human and animal noroviruses in clinical and environmental samples. | in this study, we developed a triplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr)-based method that detects and distinguishes between noroviruses belonging to genogroups i, ii, and iii and that targets the junction between the regions of open reading frame 1 (orf1) and orf2. this is the first assay to include all three genogroups and the first real-time rt-pcr-based method developed for the detection of bovine noroviruses. the assay was shown to be broadly reactive against a wide spectrum of no ... | 2007 | 17616614 |
| comparison of the sensitivities of noroviruses and feline calicivirus to chemical disinfection under field-like conditions. | noroviruses (nv), in the family caliciviridae, are an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. measures for prevention and control of nv dissemination are therefore necessary to ensure public safety. the abilities of an organic acid (venno vet 1 super), an aldehyde (venno ff super), a halogen compound (sodium hypochlorite solution), and a peroxide (oxystrong fg) to inactivate feline calicivirus (fcv), a cultivable virus surrogate for nv, were studied. molecular protocols were then ... | 2007 | 17616619 |
| outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. part 1. description of the problem, methods, and agents involved. | food workers in many settings have been responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks for decades, and there is no indication that this is diminishing. the committee on control of foodborne illnesses of the international association for food protection was tasked with collecting and evaluating any data on worker-associated outbreaks. a total of 816 reports with 80,682 cases were collected from events that occurred from 1927 until the first quarter of 2006. most of the outbreaks reviewed were from ... | 2007 | 17685355 |
| attachment of enteric viruses to bottles. | storage of water that was deliberately contaminated with enteric viruses in polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles led to a rapid decrease of the apparent viral load, thereby hampering the development of samples for a collaborative evaluation of viral detection methods for bottled water. to determine if this decrease was due to spontaneous inactivation or to adhesion, an elution protocol was developed and combined with a rapid and sensitive real-time reverse transcription-pcr-based method to q ... | 2007 | 17586668 |
| recovery of genetically defined murine norovirus in tissue culture by using a fowlpox virus expressing t7 rna polymerase. | despite the significant disease burden caused by human norovirus infection, an efficient tissue-culture system for these viruses remains elusive. murine norovirus (mnv) is an ideal surrogate for the study of norovirus biology, as the virus replicates efficiently in tissue culture and a low-cost animal model is readily available. in this report, a reverse-genetics system for mnv is described, using a fowlpox virus (fwpv) recombinant expressing t7 rna polymerase to recover genetically defined mnv ... | 2007 | 17622609 |
| capillary electrophoresis of viruses, subviral particles and virus complexes. | cze and cief were so far applied to the analysis of tobacco mosaic virus, semliki forest virus, human rhinovirus, adenovirus, norovirus and the bacteriophages t5 and ms2. the concentration of viral or subviral particles, of capsid proteins and viral genomes were determined, their electrophoretic mobilities and pi values were measured and bioaffinity reactions between viruses and antibodies, antibody fragments and receptor fragments were assessed. the role of detergents added to the bge to obtain ... | 2007 | 17623450 |
| norovirus-host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention. | noroviruses (nvs) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis epidemics in both developing and developed countries and affect people of all ages. three main human histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) - the abo, lewis and secretor families - are involved in nv recognition and eight strain-specific receptor-binding patterns in two major binding groups have been described. the receptor-binding interface is located at the outermost surface of the p domain of the viral capsid. each interface contains tw ... | 2007 | 17623487 |
| multistate outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among attendees at a family reunion--grant county, west virginia, october 2006. | on october 17, 2006, the west virginia department of health and human resources (wvdhhr) was notified of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea, among attendees at a family reunion. the outbreak initially was reported by a group of attendees to their local health department in garrett county, maryland. the same day, the information was relayed to the grant county health department in west virginia and subsequently to wvdhhr. the reunion was held on october 1 ... | 2007 | 17625494 |
| communicable diseases report, nsw, january and february 2007. | 2007 | 17649608 | |
| persistence of caliciviruses in artificially contaminated oysters during depuration. | the fate of calicivirus in oysters in a 10-day depuration was assessed. the norovirus gene was persistently detected from artificially contaminated oysters during the depuration, whereas feline calicivirus in oysters was promptly eliminated. the prolonged observation of norovirus in oysters implies the existence of a selective retention mechanism for norovirus within oysters. | 2007 | 17630304 |
| probabilities in norovirus outbreak diagnosis. | noroviruses are recognized as the most common cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. yet, diagnostic testing for norovirus is based mostly on rna detection by rt-pcr, which is not widely available. while antigen detection tests (elisas) are easier to perform, they are in general less sensitive. | 2007 | 17631044 |
| new variant of norovirus gii/4 strains prevalent in yokohama city, october 2006-march 2007. | 2007 | 17881880 | |
| [winter epidemic in germany. how dangerous are noroviruses really? (interview by dr. thomas meissner)]. | 2007 | 17632864 | |
| [norovirus associated outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in hospitals in beijing in late 2006]. | to identify the etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 6 hospitals in beijing from november to the end of 2006 and to characterize the virus on molecular biology. | 2007 | 17649649 |
| real-time reverse transcription pcr detection of norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus as causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis. | the design and development of highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription pcr assays for the detection of norovirus genogroups i, ii and iv, sapovirus genogroups i, ii and iv, and human astrovirus from stool samples is described. examination of 140 stool samples from paediatric patients exhibiting symptoms of diarrhoea and/or vomiting resulted in increased detection levels as compared to examination by electron microscopy. real-time pcr resulted in a 200% increase in the rate of detection o ... | 2007 | 17644197 |
| [comparison of methods for norovirus detection in stool specimens collected from hospitalized patients with hospital acquired diarrhea]. | in order to find out a more convenient, rapid and efficient way in detecting human norovirus infections in specimens collected from hospitalized patients with acute non-bacterial diarrhea in beijing. | 2007 | 17649650 |
| [a study on viral gastroenteritis attributed to noroviruses in hospitals]. | to better understand the clinical feature of viral gastroenteritis attributed to noroviruses and to summarize the experience on an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis through rapidly colleting and confirmation of related information regarding to noroviruses in hospitals. | 2007 | 17649683 |
| norovirus activity--united states, 2006-2007. | in late 2006, cdc began receiving requests from numerous state public health departments for information about a perceived increase in the number of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (age), especially those involving person-to-person transmission in long-term--care facilities. no national surveillance system exists for age outbreaks, including those caused by norovirus, unless foodborne transmission is suspected. in the absence of national surveillance data, cdc attempted to better characterize ... | 2007 | 17717513 |
| vitamin a supplementation has divergent effects on norovirus infections and clinical symptoms among mexican children. | the effect of vitamin a supplementation on viral gastrointestinal infections among young children living in developing countries remains unclear. | 2007 | 17763317 |
| travel by sea: health considerations. | 2007 | 17715549 | |
| characterization of a broadly reactive monoclonal antibody against norovirus genogroups i and ii: recognition of a novel conformational epitope. | norovirus, which belongs to the family caliciviridae, is one of the major causes of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in the world. the main human noroviruses are of genogroup i (gi) and genogroup ii (gii), which were subdivided further into at least 15 and 18 genotypes (gi/1 to gi/15 and gii/1 to gii/18), respectively. the development of immunological diagnosis for norovirus had been hindered by the antigen specificity of the polyclonal antibody. therefore, several laboratories have produced b ... | 2007 | 17855545 |
| a foodborne norovirus outbreak due to manually prepared salad, austria 2006. | norovirus is increasingly being recognized as a leading cause of foodborne disease. nevertheless, well documented foodborne outbreaks due to norovirus are rarely found in the literature. | 2007 | 17646906 |
| norovirus gii/4 variants observed in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in miyagi prefecture between november and december of 2006. | 2007 | 17642546 | |
| detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis. | the idea that human bocavirus (hbov) infection possibly plays a role in gastroenteritis has been suggested because of the frequent manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hbov in children with gastroenteritis. we studied the etiologic agents in 962 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis. viral etiologic agents were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. a viral agent ... | 2007 | 17763319 |
| a single-amino-acid substitution in the p2 domain of vp1 of murine norovirus is sufficient for escape from antibody neutralization. | noroviruses cause epidemic outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and the number of reported outbreaks is increasing. human norovirus strains do not grow in cell culture. however, murine norovirus (mnv) replicates in the raw 264.7 macrophage cell line and thus provides a tractable model to investigate norovirus interactions with host cells. epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the human norovirus strains norwalk virus and snow mountain virus (smv) identified r ... | 2007 | 17804495 |
| detection and genetic characterization of norovirus in oysters from china and japan. | a total of 225 oysters from china and japan were collected during october 2005 to september 2006 and were then tested for the presence of norovirus by rt-nested pcr. the detection rate of norovirus was different between china and japan, accounting for 14.6% (19 of 130) and 25.3% (24 of 95), respectively. in china, norovirus in oyster was detected continuously from july to february with the highest prevalence in august, october and november (each of 21%, 4 of 19). on the other hand, norovirus in ... | 2007 | 17821944 |
| acute childhood diarrhoea in northern ghana: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. | acute diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the dry season 2005/6 in tamale, urban northern ghana. | 2007 | 17822541 |
| development of a real-time rt-pcr and reverse line probe hybridisation assay for the routine detection and genotyping of noroviruses in ireland. | noroviruses are the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis. improved detection methods have seen a large increase in the number of human nov genotypes in the last ten years. the objective of this study was to develop a fast method to detect, quantify and genotype positive nov samples from irish hospitals. | 2007 | 17822552 |
| prospective study of human bocavirus (hbov) infection in a pediatric university hospital in germany 2005/2006. | human bocavirus (hbov), a new species of the genus parvovirus newly detected in 2005, seems to be a worldwide distributed pathogen among children with respiratory tract infection (prevalence 2%-18%). recently published retrospective studies and one prospective birth cohort study suggest that hbov-primary infection occurs in infants. | 2007 | 17851126 |
| european multicenter evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassays for detecting norovirus antigen in fecal samples. | a total of 2,254 fecal samples were tested in a european multicenter evaluation of commercially available norovirus antigen detection assays. two commercial enzyme immunoassays, ideia norovirus (oxoid; thermo fisher scientific, ely, united kingdom) and ridascreen norovirus (r-biopharm, darmstadt, germany), were included in the evaluation, and their performance was compared with the results of reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). included in the evaluation were samples collected in sporadic cases ... | 2007 | 17715333 |
| naturally occurring murine norovirus infection in a large research institution. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a recently discovered infectious agent in mice and may be the most common naturally occurring infection of laboratory mice in north america. in 2005, we surveyed the swiss webster female sentinel mice in our institute's research facilities. of the 4 facilities surveyed, 3 had sentinel mice that were positive for mnv antibodies, whereas our largest facility (which only receives mice directly from select vendors or by embryo rederivation directly into the facility) was ap ... | 2007 | 17645294 |
| genetic variation of the norovirus gii-4 genotype associated with a large number of outbreaks in chiba prefecture, japan. | between october and december, 2006, high activity of three genetically distinct norovirus gii-4 subtypes was observed in chiba prefecture, japan. one subtype was newly identified in this period and it was detected in 85% of outbreaks. | 2007 | 17851731 |
| molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in argentina. | eight outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in argentina in 2004 were tested for the presence of calicivirus, rotavirus and astrovirus as possible causative agents. caliciviruses were found in 39 out of the 100 tested samples, followed by six astrovirus-positive samples and two rotavirus-positive samples. thirty-seven out of the 39 calicivirus-positive samples were typed as norovirus while the remaining two were typed as sapovirus. sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 13 norovirus-positiv ... | 2007 | 17854042 |
| norwalk virus rna is infectious in mammalian cells. | human noroviruses are positive-sense rna viruses and are the leading cause of epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis in developed countries. the absence of an in vitro cell culture model for human norovirus infection has limited the development of effective antivirals and vaccines. human histo-blood group antigens have been regarded as receptors for norovirus infection, and expression of the alpha(1,2) fucosyltransferase gene (fut2) responsible for the secretor phenotype is required for susceptibi ... | 2007 | 17855551 |
| noroviruses--challenges to control. | 2007 | 17855667 | |
| molecular and epidemiological trend of norovirus associated gastroenteritis in dhaka city, bangladesh. | diarrhea, over the years, has killed millions of people and continues to be a major threat in bangladesh. | 2007 | 17881286 |
| [sequence analysis of norovirus chn02/lz35666 from lanzhou city of china based on rdrp and vp1 genes]. | sequence analysis of a new norovirus (nv) isolated from lanzou city of china was performed based on partial sequence of rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and complete capsid protein (vp1) gene. the isolated strain chn02/lz35666 shared high sequence homology with gii-4 nvs. nucleotide homologies of rdrp region and encoded capsid protein region were 90.4% -- 98.6% and 89.8% -- 95.7% , respectively, while amino acid homology of capsid protein region was 94.4% -- 97.4%. the analysis of gdd motif i ... | 2007 | 17886724 |
| evaluation of the microbial risk reduction due to selective closure of the raw water intake before drinking water treatment. | short-term peaks in pathogen concentrations may increase the risks for waterborne diseases considerably. in this study the occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens in the river göta älv at the raw water intake to göteborg was evaluated and related to risk for drinking water consumption. about half of the 24 pathogen samples, taken during event and non-event conditions, were positive for at least one of the following: cryptosporidium, giardia, norovirus, enterovirus, campylobacter and e. c ... | 2007 | 17890838 |
| [investigation of human calicivirus (hucv) diarrhea among infantile and young children in china, 1999--2005]. | human calicivirus (hucv) has been well known as an important pathogen of outbreak and sporadic acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. to investigate epidemiological feature and genetic diversity of hucv among children in china, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea at 13 hospitals in different provinces across china. the study was performed year-round from january 1999 to june 2005. fecal specimens were tested for bacteria and rotavirus firs ... | 2007 | 17886714 |
| detection of genogroup i and ii human picobirnaviruses showing small genomic rna profile causing acute watery diarrhoea among children in kolkata, india. | picobirnaviruses (pbvs) with bisegmented small rna genome profile (1.75 and 1.55kbp for segment 1 and 2, respectively) were detected from 1999 to 2003 in faecal specimens of acute watery diarrhoea cases, largely children (n=20) and an adult in kolkata, india. varying degrees of dehydration necessitated their visit to hospital for further treatment and management of acute watery diarrhoea. pbv was associated with rotavirus (n=3) or astrovirus (n=3) and with both in one case. no co-infection with ... | 2007 | 17049316 |
| behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system and examination of new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater. | we researched the behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system to acquire knowledge for establishing new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater. based on the results that showed occasional growth of total coliforms but barely any growth of escherichia coli in the supply tank, we found that the total coliform, which includes bacteria that also breed in the soil, etc., is not necessarily suitable as the index bacteria for indicating pollution by excrement. we also cl ... | 2007 | 17057950 |
| an outbreak of adenovirus serotype 41 infection in infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in maizuru city, japan. | a total of 337 fecal specimens were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in maizuru city, japan from july 2004 to june 2005 and tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus by rt-multiplex pcr. among diarrheal viruses detected, norovirus was the most prevalent (13.6%, 46 of 337), followed by adenovirus (8%, 27 of 337), group a rotavirus (5%, 17 of 337), astrovirus (1.8%, 6 of 337), and sapovirus (1.8%, 6 of 337), respectively. a ... | 2007 | 17157081 |
| outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool. | on 3 february 2004, the vermont department of health received reports of acute gastroenteritis in persons who had recently visited a swimming facility. a retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons attending the facility between 30 january and 2 february. fifty-three of 189 (28%) persons interviewed developed vomiting or diarrhoea within 72 h after visiting the facility. five specimens tested positive for norovirus and three specimen sequences were identical. entering the smaller of t ... | 2007 | 17076938 |
| water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination. | indicator bacteria are a good predictor of illness at marine beaches that have point sources of pollution with human fecal content. few studies have addressed the utility of indicator bacteria where nonpoint sources are the dominant fecal input. extrapolating current water-quality thresholds to such locations is uncertain. | 2007 | 17149140 |
| inactivation of a norovirus by high-pressure processing. | murine norovirus (strain mnv-1), a propagable norovirus, was evaluated for susceptibility to high-pressure processing. experiments with virus stocks in dulbecco's modified eagle medium demonstrated that at room temperature (20 degrees c) the virus was inactivated over a pressure range of 350 to 450 mpa, with a 5-min, 450-mpa treatment being sufficient to inactivate 6.85 log(10) pfu of mnv-1. the inactivation of mnv-1 was enhanced when pressure was applied at an initial temperature of 5 degrees c ... | 2007 | 17142353 |
| norovirus capsid protein expressed in yeast forms virus-like particles and stimulates systemic and mucosal immunity in mice following an oral administration of raw yeast extracts. | norovirus (nv) gastroenteritis is a widespread disease affecting people of all ages worldwide. a simple, safe, and easily deliverable vaccine may be the key for the control and prevention of nv gastroenteritis. in this study, we demonstrated that a nv recombinant capsid protein (strain va387, genogroup ii.4) expressed in yeast (pichia pastoris) spontaneously formed virus-like particles (vlps) like those expressed in other in vitro systems. oral administration of raw material from the yeast cell ... | 2007 | 17133551 |
| structural and functional characterization of sapovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | sapoviruses are one of the major agents of acute gastroenteritis in childhood. they form a tight genetic cluster (genus) in the caliciviridae family that regroups both animal and human pathogenic strains. no permissive tissue culture has been developed for human sapovirus, limiting its characterization to surrogate systems. we report here on the first extensive characterization of the key enzyme of replication, the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) associated with the 3d(pol)-like protein. enz ... | 2007 | 17121797 |
| binding activity of norovirus and sapovirus to histo-blood group antigens. | noroviruses (novs) and sapoviruses (savs) are causative agents of human gastroenteritis. there is increasing evidence that certain human nov strains bind to histo-blood group antigens (hbgas). we found that several nov virus-like particles (vlps) showed binding activity to hbgas, while neither sav genogroup i (gi) vlp nor sav gv vlp showed such activity. | 2007 | 17131063 |
| molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in north carolina, united states: 1995-2000. | noroviruses (novs) are the most common cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in the us. we investigated 16 gastroenteritis outbreaks in north carolina (nc), from 1995 to 2000, to further characterize the epidemiology of nov using rt-pcr on stool and elisa on sera. nov were identified in 14 outbreaks by rt-pcr. sequence analyses of the amplicons indicated the outbreak strains belonged to the following clusters: five gii/4, three gi/3, one gi/4, one gii/2, one gii/5, one gii/7, an ... | 2007 | 17133557 |
| complete genomic characterization and antigenic relatedness of genogroup iii, genotype 2 bovine noroviruses. | bovine enteric noroviruses form a genogroup, iii, distinct from the 2 human norovirus genogroups, i and ii. two genogroup iii genotypes were suggested by partial genomic analyses. in the present study, analysis of the full-length genome sequence of bo/newbury2/76/uk and the more contemporary newbury2-like virus, bo/dumfries/1994/uk, showed that both were 7311 nucleotides in length and had three open reading frames (orfs), amino acids motifs typical of noroviruses, and 95% or greater amino acid i ... | 2007 | 17066248 |
| procedure for rapid concentration and detection of enteric viruses from berries and vegetables. | several hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nv) outbreaks due to consumption of berries and vegetables have been reported during recent years. to facilitate the detection of enteric viruses that may be present on different fresh and frozen products, we developed a rapid and sensitive detection method for hav, nv, and rotavirus (rv). initial experiments focused on optimizing the composition of the elution buffer, improving the viral concentration method, and evaluating the performance of vario ... | 2007 | 17085706 |
| presence of viral proteins in drinkable water--sufficient condition to consider water a vector of viral transmission? | in order to determine the role of water as a possible vector for transmission of the most prevalent enteric viruses affecting infantile populations, 226 water samples were collected from facatativa's (colombian municipality located 30km away from bogotá) water works in the years 2000, 2002, and 2005. the samples were clarified and virus was concentrated by filtering and ultrafiltering techniques. the presence of viral protein (vp) was assessed by enzyme immunoassay method (eia) and viral rna pre ... | 2007 | 17084879 |
| presence of a surface-exposed loop facilitates trypsinization of particles of sinsiro virus, a genogroup ii.3 norovirus. | noroviruses (novs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. novs that belong to genogroup ii (gii) are quite prevalent and prone to undergo recombination, and their three-dimensional structure is not yet known. protein homology modeling of sinsiro virus (sv), a member of the gii.3 novs, revealed the presence of a surface-exposed 20-amino-acid (aa) insertion in the p2 domain of the capsid protein (cp) relative to the norwalk virus (nv) cp, which is a well known ho ... | 2007 | 17079293 |
| library screen for inhibitors targeting norovirus binding to histo-blood group antigen receptors. | human noroviruses (nvs) are a common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. the disease is difficult to control due to its widespread nature and the lack of antivirals or vaccines against nvs. the recent identification of human histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) as nv receptors opens a new way for the discovery and design of antivirals against nvs. a saliva-based enzyme immune assay (eia) was used to screen a synthetic-compound library for inhibition of the binding of norovirus-like particles to ... | 2007 | 17060523 |
| [infectious gastroenteritis]. | 2007 | 17494159 | |
| gastroenteritis caused by norovirus ggii.4, the netherlands, 1994-2005. | from 1994 through 2005, gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus generally increased in the netherlands, with 3 epidemic seasons associated with new ggii.4 strains. increased percentages of ggii.4 strains during these epidemics, followed by a sharp decrease in their absolute and relative numbers, suggest development of immunity. | 2007 | 17370531 |
| [development of noroviruses]. | noroviruses (nvs) were one of the new borne viruses, which was found firstly in the unit states of america in 1972 and reported in china in 1995. the main food-borne viral pathogens affect people badly and cause the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all kinds of people. and to this day, however, no cell lines and animal models have been found, which has hampered the study of these viruses. with the progress of the molecular biology and other subjects, the genomes of different nvs were sequenced, ... | 2007 | 18062279 |
| [attention-getting cross infections: viral enteritis]. | 2007 | 18069301 | |
| [norovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in northeastern poland]. | noroviruses belonging to the family of caliciviridae are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both children and adults. in the current study incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis was estimated in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis using commercially available elisa tests. epidemiological data were correlated with basic demographic findings. a hundred and forty nine children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled in the study. screening for common viruses causing gastroenteri ... | 2007 | 18069383 |
| an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis suspected to be related to contaminated food, october 2006, sakai city, japan. | on october 17, 2006, the sakai city public health center received a report of acute gastroenteritis among 4 members from the same company who had eaten raw meat dish called "yukke: korean-style beef tartar" and raw liver at a rotisserie in sakai city on october 7. based on information from interviews, the median incubation period was 5.5 (range, 5-7 days), and the median length of illness was 7 days (range, 4-10 days). the illness was characterized by a prolonged incubation period, non-bloody wa ... | 2007 | 18032847 |
| norovirus storm in osaka, japan, last winter (2006/2007). | 2007 | 18032849 | |
| norovirus outbreak associated with a hotel in the west of ireland, 2006. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea) occurred among a party of wedding guests, staff and other guests in a hotel in the west of ireland, in october 2006. upon notification, a multi-disciplinary outbreak control team was convened to investigate and control the outbreak. in all, 98 people were ascertained ill. the median duration of illness was 48 hours. the attack rate ranged between 48 and 85%. the hotel voluntarily notified health authorities and co-operated f ... | 2007 | 17991406 |
| [study on the epidemiologic characteristics of norovirus infection in beijing]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in beijing. | 2007 | 18069555 |
| [a preliminary study on molecular characteristics of noroviruses detected in beijing]. | to investigate the molecular characteristics of noroviruses detected in beijing. | 2007 | 18069556 |
| [clinical manifestations of norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and children]. | to study the clinical manifestations for norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children. | 2007 | 18069557 |
| norovirus genotypes involved in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis in croatia during the winter season 2004--2005. | seven outbreaks and four sporadic cases of the non-bacterial gastroenteritis caused by a norovirus (nov) were detected in croatia between november 2004 and february 2005. an enzyme immunoassay (eia) and three different rt-pcrs for the viral polymerase (orf1 rt-pcr) and genogroup i (gi) or ii (gii) of capsid gene regions (gi-orf2 rt-pcr; gii-orf2 rt-pcr) were performed to detect nov in 21 stool samples. to characterize novs, sequencing of the orf1 region was performed on 12 rt-pcr positive sample ... | 2007 | 18076309 |
| [infectious aetiologies of travelers' diarrhoea]. | traveler's diarrhoea (td) occurs in 20 to 60% of european or north-american travelers in intertropical areas. following return from endemic zone, malaria must always be evocated in front of febrile diarrhoea. many causative infectious agents are involved in td and their frequency may vary according to destination and seasons. the main agents involved in td are escherichia coli pathovars (especially enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative e. coli) followed by enteroinvasive bacteria (campylobacter ... | 2007 | 17942257 |
| emergence of a new norovirus variant in scotland in 2006. | for each month between january 2005 and august 2006, a representative number of outbreaks was examined using nucleic acid sequence analysis. using this method, we showed that an increase in norovirus activity coincided with the emergence of a new gii genotype 4 variant, which by march 2006 was detected in the majority of health boards in scotland. | 2007 | 17942666 |
| [epidemiology of infectious acute diarrhoea in france and europe]. | acute infectious diarrhoea can be linked to various pathogens among which viruses are responsible for more than a half cases. rotaviruses and caliciviruses are the most frequently encountered, in close to 60 % of viral gastroenteritis. rotaviruses account for more than 50 % of severe diseases and caliciviruses, especially norovirus are responsible for less severe sporadic gastroenteritis and water-or food- borne epidemics. astroviruses and adenoviruses are minority, excepted for immunocompromise ... | 2007 | 17961805 |
| enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. | one hundred and thirty-seven bivalves were collected for environmental monitoring and the market; all the samples were analysed by rt-pcr test. bacteriological counts meeting the european union shellfish criteria were reached by 69.5% of all the samples, whereas the overall positive values for enteric virus presence were: 25.5%, 18.2%, 8.0% and 2.1% for rotavirus, astrovirus, enteroviruses, norovirus, respectively. mussels appear to be the most contaminated bivalves, with 64.8% of positive sampl ... | 2007 | 18080684 |
| gastroenteritis outbreak caused by waterborne norovirus at a new zealand ski resort. | in july 2006, public health services investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among staff and visitors of a popular ski resort in southern new zealand. the source of the outbreak was a drinking water supply contaminated by human sewage. the virological component of the investigation played a major role in confirming the source of the outbreak. drinking water, source stream water, and 31 fecal specimens from gastroenteritis outbreak cases were analyzed for the presence of norovirus (nov) ... | 2007 | 17965205 |
| outbreak of norovirus infection in a nursing home in northern slovenia, july 2007. | 2007 | 17997920 | |
| epidemiological and virological investigation of a norovirus outbreak in a resort in puglia, italy. | this paper describes the third large outbreak of norovirus (nov) gastroenteritis reported in the southern italy region of puglia. | 2007 | 18021429 |
| [norovirus outbreaks in a teaching hospital: the role of infection control]. | in january 2004, 20 patients and 19 staff in one ward became ill in an outbreak of norovirus-related gastroenteritis over a 12-day period. the epidemic curve indicated person-to-person transmission. infection control measures were instituted in consultation with the government health authorities. a prompt rigorous response may have prevented spread to other wards. in march 2004, 54 staff and 1 member of a patient's family became ill in an outbreak of gastroenteritis. the source of norovirus cont ... | 2007 | 18095467 |