Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
nipah virus persists in the brains of nonhuman primate survivors.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes highly lethal henipavirus encephalitis in humans. survivors develop various neurologic sequelae, including late-onset and relapsing encephalitis, several months up to several years following initial infection. however, the underlying pathology and disease mechanisms of persistent neurologic complications remain unknown. here, we demonstrate persistent niv infection in the brains of grivets that survived experimental exposure to ...201931341108
peripheral immune response in the african green monkey model following nipah-malaysia virus exposure by intermediate-size particle aerosol.the ability to appropriately mimic human disease is critical for using animal models as a tool for understanding virus pathogenesis. in the case of nipah virus (niv), infection of humans appears to occur either through inhalation, contact with or consumption of infected material. in two of these circumstances, respiratory or sinusoidal exposure represents a likely route of infection. in this study, intermediate-size aerosol particles (~7 μm) of niv-malaysia were used to mimic potential routes of ...201931166946
analysis of nipah virus codon usage and adaptation to hosts.a recent outbreak of nipah virus (niv) in india has caused 17 deaths in people living in districts of kerala state. its zoonotic nature, as well as high rate of human-to-human transmission, has led researchers worldwide to work toward understanding the different aspects of the niv. we performed a codon usage analysis, based on publicly available nucleotide sequences of niv and its host adaptation, along with other members of the henipavirus genus in ten hosts. niv genome encodes nine open readin ...201931156564
remdesivir (gs-5734) protects african green monkeys from nipah virus challenge.nipah virus is an emerging pathogen in the paramyxoviridae family. upon transmission of nipah virus from its natural reservoir, pteropus spp. fruit bats, to humans, it causes respiratory and neurological disease with a case-fatality rate about 70%. human-to-human transmission has been observed during nipah virus outbreaks in bangladesh and india. a therapeutic treatment for nipah virus disease is urgently needed. here, we tested the efficacy of remdesivir (gs-5734), a broad-acting antiviral nucl ...201931142680
use of single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine to protect nonhuman primates against lethal nipah virus disease.nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (cfrs) in humans. two niv strains have caused outbreaks: the malaysia strain (nivm), discovered in 1998-1999 in malaysia and singapore (≈40% cfr); and the bangladesh strain (nivb), discovered in bangladesh and india in 2001 (≈80% cfr). recently, nivb in african green monkeys resulted in a more severe and lethal disease than nivm. no niv vaccines or treatments are licensed for human use. we assessed replication-restrict ...201931107231
a soluble version of nipah virus glycoprotein g delivered by vaccinia virus mva activates specific cd8 and cd4 t cells in mice.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic virus that is transmitted by bats to humans and to pigs, causing severe respiratory disease and often fatal encephalitis. antibodies directed against the niv-glycoprotein (g) protein are known to play a major role in clearing niv infection and in providing vaccine-induced protective immunity. more recently, t cells have been also shown to be involved in recovery from niv infection. so far, relatively little is known about the role of t cell responses and ...201931878180
survival and persistence of nipah virus in blood and tissue culture media.nipah virus (niv) infection is a newly emerging zoonosis that causes severe disease in humans. nipah virus is one of the lesser studied of the who emerging pathogens for which research is a priority. survival and persistence data is important for risk management and understanding the hazard of the virus for laboratory and health care workers that may work with the virus and we present some initial findings on the survival of nipah virus in blood and tissue culture media under different condition ...201931823683
a structural basis for antibody-mediated neutralization of nipah virus reveals a site of vulnerability at the fusion glycoprotein apex.nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes frequent outbreaks of severe neurologic and respiratory disease in humans with high case fatality rates. the 2 glycoproteins displayed on the surface of the virus, niv-g and niv-f, mediate host-cell attachment and membrane fusion, respectively, and are targets of the host antibody response. here, we provide a molecular basis for neutralization of niv through antibody-mediated targeting of niv-f. structural characterization of a n ...201931767754
ictv virus taxonomy profile: paramyxoviridae.the family paramyxoviridae consists of large enveloped rna viruses infecting mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. many paramyxoviruses are host-specific and several, such as measles virus, mumps virus, nipah virus, hendra virus and several parainfluenza viruses, are pathogenic for humans. the transmission of paramyxoviruses is horizontal, mainly through airborne routes; no vectors are known. this is a summary of the current international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) report on the family ...201931609197
an antibody against the f glycoprotein inhibits nipah and hendra virus infections.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic henipaviruses (hnvs) responsible for outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory illness with fatality rates of 50-100%. no vaccines or licensed therapeutics currently exist to protect humans against niv or hev. hnvs enter host cells by fusing the viral and cellular membranes via the concerted action of the attachment (g) and fusion (f) glycoproteins, the main targets of the humoral immune response. here, we describe the isolation and humanizat ...201931570878
from four-way linking to a one health platform in egypt: institutionalisation of a multidisciplinary and multisectoral one health system.the convergence of humans, animals and our shared environment results in a dynamic in which the health of each group is inextricably linked. taking into account the fact that the majority of emerging pathogens (e.g. highly pathogenic avian influenza [hpai], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, nipah virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic diseases, egypt has established a national one health coordination mechanism. the primary purpose of this mechanism is to p ...201931564724
nipah virus-like particle egress is modulated by cytoskeletal and vesicular trafficking pathways: a validated particle proteomics analysis.classified as a biosafety level 4 (bsl4) select agent, nipah virus (niv) is a deadly henipavirus in the paramyxoviridae family, with a nearly 75% mortality rate in humans, underscoring its global and animal health importance. elucidating the process of viral particle production in host cells is imperative both for targeted drug design and viral particle-based vaccine development. however, little is understood concerning the functions of cellular machinery in paramyxoviral and henipaviral assembl ...201931551400
optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking elisa formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to hendra virus in mammalian sera.maintenance of hendra virus (hev) in pteropid bat populations has been associated with spillover events in horses, humans and dogs. experimental studies have demonstrated infections for several other species including guinea pigs, cats and ferrets. the criteria of a sensitive and specific serological test that is effective for a range of species, but which does not require use of live virus, has not been satisfactorily addressed by currently available tests. we have evaluated the use of two hev ...201931513861
strategic development of a next-generation multi-epitope vaccine to prevent nipah virus zoonotic infection.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, reported for the recent severe outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory illness in humans and animals, respectively. many antiviral drugs have been discovered to inhibit this pathogen, but none of them were that much efficient. to overcome the complications associated with this severe pathogenic virus, we have designed a multi-epitope subunit vaccine using computational immunology strategies. identification of structural and nonstructural prot ...201931460434
etiology of central nervous system infections in a rural area of nepal using molecular approaches.the etiology of infections of the central nervous system (cns) in nepal often remains unrecognized because of underdeveloped laboratory facilities. the aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of cns infections in a rural area of nepal using molecular methods. from november 2014 to february 2016, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was collected from 176 consecutive patients presenting at united mission hospital in tansen, nepal, with symptoms of possible cns infection. after the csf samples were ...201931162021
rapid and specific detection of all known nipah virus strains' sequences with reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification.nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. niv is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent, not only because of its relatively high case fatality rate, but also because there is no vaccine or other medical countermeasures and it appears to be transmitted by fomites/particulates. the development of rapid detection assay for niv is of great importance because no effective field test is currently available. in this study, an iso ...201930915049
rousettus aegyptiacus bats do not support productive nipah virus replication.nipah virus (niv) is a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory distress and encephalitis upon spillover into humans. niv is capable of infecting a broad range of hosts including humans, pigs, ferrets, dogs, cats, hamsters, and at least 2 genera of bats. little is known about the biology of niv in the bat reservoir. in this study, we evaluate the potential for the egyptian fruit bat (efb), rousettus aegyptiacus, to serve as a model organism for studying niv in bats. our data ...202031682727
nipah virus dynamics in bats and implications for spillover to humans.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging bat-borne zoonotic virus that causes near-annual outbreaks of fatal encephalitis in south asia-one of the most populous regions on earth. in bangladesh, infection occurs when people drink date-palm sap contaminated with bat excreta. outbreaks are sporadic, and the influence of viral dynamics in bats on their temporal and spatial distribution is poorly understood. we analyzed data on host ecology, molecular epidemiology, serological dynamics, and viral genetics to ...202033139552
genetic diversity of nipah virus in bangladesh.nipah virus (niv) infection, often fatal in humans, is primarily transmitted in bangladesh through consumption of date palm sap contaminated by pteropus bats. person to person transmission is also common and increases the concern of large outbreaks. this study aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, and evolution of the nucleocapsid gene (n gene) of niv.202033129964
effective inactivation of nipah virus in serum samples for safe processing in low-containment laboratories.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis and respiratory disease with a high mortality rate in humans. during large outbreaks of the viral disease, serological testing of serum samples could be a useful diagnostic tool, which could provide information on not only the diagnosis of niv disease but also the history of an individual with previous exposure to the virus, thereby supporting disease control. therefore, an efficient method for the inactivati ...202033036623
sequencing the genome of indian flying fox, natural reservoir of nipah virus, using hybrid assembly and conservative secondary scaffolding.indian fruit bats, flying fox pteropus medius was identified as an asymptomatic natural host of recently emerged nipah virus, which is known to induce a severe infectious disease in humans. the absence of p. medius genome sequence presents an important obstacle for further studies of virus-host interactions and better understanding of mechanisms of zoonotic viral emergence. generation of the high-quality genome sequence is often linked to a considerable effort associated to elevated costs. altho ...202032849415
a 'what-if' scenario: nipah virus attacks pig trade chains in thailand.nipah virus (niv) is a fatal zoonotic agent that was first identified amongst pig farmers in malaysia in 1998, in an outbreak that resulted in 105 fatal human cases. that epidemic arose from a chain of infection, initiating from bats to pigs, and which then spilled over from pigs to humans. in thailand, bat-pig-human communities can be observed across the country, particularly in the central plain. the present study therefore aimed to identify high-risk areas for potential niv outbreaks and to m ...202032838786
pandemics and food systems - towards a proactive food safety approach to disease prevention & management.recent large-scale pandemics such as the covid19, h1n1, swine flu, ebola and the nipah virus, which impacted human health and livelihoods, have come about due to inadequate food systems safeguards to detect, trace and eliminate threats arising from zoonotic diseases. such diseases are transmitted to humans through their interaction with animals in the food value chain including through the consumption of bush meat. climate change has also facilitated the emergence of new zoonotic diseases. the l ...202032837645
nipah virus circulation at human-bat interfaces, cambodia.to better understand the potential risks of nipah virus emergence in cambodia by studying different components of the interface between humans and bats.202032773899
third helical domain of the nipah virus fusion glycoprotein modulates both early and late steps in the membrane fusion cascade.medically important paramyxoviruses, such as measles, mumps, parainfluenza, nipah, and hendra viruses, infect host cells by directing fusion of the viral and cellular plasma membranes. upon infection, paramyxoviruses cause a second type of membrane fusion, cell-cell fusion (syncytium formation), which is linked to pathogenicity. host cell receptor binding causes conformational changes in the attachment glycoprotein (hn, h, or g) that trigger a conformational cascade in the fusion (f) glycoprotei ...202032669342
human paramyxovirus infections induce t cells that cross-react with zoonotic henipaviruses.humans are infected with paramyxoviruses of different genera early in life, which induce cytotoxic t cells that may recognize conserved epitopes. this raises the question of whether cross-reactive t cells induced by antecedent paramyxovirus infections provide partial protection against highly lethal zoonotic nipah virus infections. by characterizing a measles virus-specific but paramyxovirus cross-reactive human t cell clone, we discovered a highly conserved hla-b*1501-restricted t cell epitope ...202032636246
phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the emerging nipah virus from bats to humans.little is known about the genetic features of nipah virus (niv) associated with virulence and transmission. herein, phylogenetic and genetic analyses for all available niv strains revealed sequence variations between the two genetic lineages of niv with pathogenic differences, as well as among different strains within bangladesh lineage. a total of 143 conserved amino acid differences, distributed among viral nucleocapsid (n), phosphoprotein (p), matrix protein (m), fusion protein (f) and glycop ...202032622923
structure-based design of nipah virus vaccines: a generalizable approach to paramyxovirus immunogen development.licensed vaccines or therapeutics are rarely available for pathogens with epidemic or pandemic potential. developing interventions for specific pathogens and defining generalizable approaches for related pathogens is a global priority and inherent to the un sustainable development goals. nipah virus (niv) poses a significant epidemic threat, and zoonotic transmission from bats-to-humans with high fatality rates occurs almost annually. human-to-human transmission of niv has been documented in rec ...202032595632
bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence.most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. over the past 50 years, several viruses, including ebola virus, marburg virus, nipah virus, hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) and sars-cov-2, have been linked back to various bat species. despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are stil ...202032528128
seroprevalence of nipah virus infection in peninsular malaysia.nipah virus (niv) outbreak occurred in malaysia in 1998. the natural host reservoir for niv is pteropus bats, which are commonly found throughout malaysia. humans become infected when niv spills over from the reservoir species. in this study, niv serosurveillance in peninsular malaysia, particularly among the indigenous population, was performed. the collected samples were tested for presence of niv antibodies using a comparative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinan ...202032392323
epitope-based peptide vaccine against glycoprotein g of nipah henipavirus using immunoinformatics approaches.nipah belongs to the genus henipavirus and the paramyxoviridae family. it is an endemic most commonly found at south asia and has first emerged in malaysia in 1998. bats are found to be the main reservoir for this virus, causing disease in both humans and animals. the last outbreak has occurred in may 2018 in kerala. it is characterized by high pathogenicity and fatality rates which varies from 40% to 70% depending on the severity of the disease and on the availability of adequate healthcare fac ...202032377531
t-cell epitope-based vaccine design for nipah virus by reverse vaccinology approach.nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic virus of the paramyxovirus family that sporadically breaks out from livestock and spreads in humans through breathing resulting in an indication of encephalitis syndrome. in the current study, t cell epitopes with the niv w protein antigens were predicted.202032338213
bovine herpesvirus-4-vectored delivery of nipah virus glycoproteins enhances t cell immunogenicity in pigs.nipah virus (niv) is an emergent pathogen capable of causing acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in pigs and humans. a high fatality rate and broad host tropism makes niv a serious public and animal health concern. there is therefore an urgent need for a niv vaccines to protect animals and humans. in this study we investigated the immunogenicity of bovine herpesvirus (bohv-4) vectors expressing either niv attachment (g) or fusion (f) glycoproteins, bohv-4-a-cmv-niv-gδtk or bohv-4-a- ...202032131403
nipahvr: a resource of multi-targeted putative therapeutics and epitopes for the nipah virus.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging and priority pathogen from the paramyxoviridae family with a high fatality rate. it causes various diseases such as respiratory ailments and encephalitis and poses a great threat to humans and livestock. despite various efforts, there is no approved antiviral treatment available. therefore, to expedite and assist the research, we have developed an integrative resource nipahvr (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/nipahvr/) for the multi-targeted putative therapeut ...202032090261
when are pathogen dynamics likely to reflect host population genetic structure?does the structure and connectivity of host populations influence the dynamics and evolution of their pathogens? this topical question is the essence of research investigating the ecology of a pteropus fruit bat and its zoonotic nipah virus (niv) published by olival et al. in this issue of molecular ecology. questioned less overtly, but nonetheless implicit to the study, is "what are the mechanisms underpinning intraspecific host-pathogen congruence (ihpc) of genetic structure?". olival et al. i ...202032045058
griffithsin inhibits nipah virus entry and fusion and can protect syrian golden hamsters from lethal nipah virus challenge.nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. there is currently no approved therapeutic for human use against niv infection. griffithsin (grft) is high-mannose oligosaccharide binding lectin that has shown in vivo broad-spectrum activity against viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis c virus, and japanese encephalitis virus. in this study, we e ...202032037447
hunting bats for human consumption in bangladesh.bats are important wildlife to their ecologic system, but they are also a zoonotic disease reservoir. close bat-human interaction can lead to pathogen spillover. we conducted a qualitative study in two districts of bangladesh and interviewed 30 bat hunters who hunt bats primarily for consumption, to understand the process and their reasons for hunting bats and their perceptions about bats and bat-borne disease. most hunters catch bats during winter nights, using a net. bat meat is used for house ...202031989365
receptor-mediated cell entry of paramyxoviruses: mechanisms, and consequences for tropism and pathogenesis.research in the last decade has uncovered many new paramyxoviruses, airborne agents that cause epidemic diseases in animals including humans. most paramyxoviruses enter epithelial cells of the airway using sialic acid as a receptor and cause only mild disease. however, others cross the epithelial barrier and cause more severe disease. for some of these viruses, the host receptors have been identified, and the mechanisms of cell entry have been elucidated. the tetrameric attachment proteins of pa ...202031949044
nipah shell disorder, modes of infection, and virulence.the nipah virus (niv) was first isolated during a 1998-9 outbreak in malaysia. the outbreak initially infected farm pigs and then moved to humans from pigs with a case-fatality rate (cfr) of about 40%. after 2001, regular outbreaks occurred with higher cfrs (~71%, 2001-5, ~93%, 2008-12). the spread arose from drinking virus-laden palm date sap and human-to-human transmission. intrinsic disorder analysis revealed strong correlation between the percentage of disorder in the n protein and cfr (regr ...202031940461
potent in vitro activity of β-d-4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine against nipah virus.nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that continues to cause outbreaks in humans characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors. currently, no therapeutics are approved for use in humans against niv infection. here, we report that 4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine (als-8112) inhibits niv. als-8112 is the parent nucleoside of lumicitabine, which has been evaluated in phase i and ii clinical trials to treat pediatric and adult res ...202031935422
immune responses in mice and pigs after oral vaccination with rabies virus vectored nipah disease vaccines.nipah virus (niv) is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes high mortality in humans and pigs. oral immunization in free-roaming animals is one of the most practical approaches to prevent niv pandemics. we previously generated a recombinant rabies viruses (rabv) evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth (era) strain, rerag333e, which contains a mutation from arginine to glutamic acid at residue 333 of glycoprotein (g333e) and serves as an oral vaccine for dog rabies. in this study, we generated two recomb ...202031928698
emergence and adaptive evolution of nipah virus.since its first emergence in 1998 in malaysia, nipah virus (niv) has become a great threat to domestic animals and humans. sporadic outbreaks associated with human-to-human transmission caused hundreds of human fatalities. here, we collected all available niv sequences and combined phylogenetics, molecular selection, structural biology and receptor analysis to study the emergence and adaptive evolution of niv. niv can be divided into two main lineages including the bangladesh and malaysia lineag ...202031408582
evaluation of a single-dose nucleoside-modified messenger rna vaccine encoding hendra virus-soluble glycoprotein against lethal nipah virus challenge in syrian hamsters.in the absence of approved vaccines and therapeutics for use in humans, nipah virus (niv) continues to cause fatal outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory disease in bangladesh and india on a near-annual basis. we determined that a single dose of a lipid nanoparticle nucleoside-modified messenger rna vaccine encoding the soluble hendra virus glycoprotein protected up to 70% of syrian hamsters from lethal niv challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challeng ...202031751453
alterations in blood chemistry levels associated with nipah virus disease in the syrian hamster model.nipah virus (niv; family paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus) infection can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans. the pathophysiology of disease is not fully understood, and it may vary by presentation and clinical course. in this study, we investigate changes in blood chemistry in niv-infected syrian hamsters that survived or succumbed to disease. increased sodium and magnesium and decreased albumin and lactate levels were detected in animals euthanized with severe clinica ...202031747016
a cross-reactive humanized monoclonal antibody targeting fusion glycoprotein function protects ferrets against lethal nipah virus and hendra virus infection.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses that cause severe disease in both animals and humans. there are no approved vaccines or treatments for use in humans; however, therapeutic treatment of both niv and hev infection in ferrets and non-human primates with a cross-reactive, neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mab), m102.4, targeting the g glycoprotein has been demonstrated. in a previous study, we isolated, characterized, and humanized a cross-reactive, neutral ...202031686101
resistance of cynomolgus monkeys to nipah and hendra virus disease is associated with cell-mediated and humoral immunity.the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are capable of causing severe and often lethal respiratory and/or neurologic disease in animals and humans. given the sporadic nature of henipavirus outbreaks, licensure of vaccines and therapeutics for human use will likely require demonstration of efficacy in animal models that faithfully reproduce the human condition. currently, the african green monkey (agm) best mimics human henipavirus-induced disease.202032022850
a novel field-deployable method for sequencing and analyses of henipavirus genomes from complex samples on the minion platform.viruses in the genus henipavirus encompass 2 highly pathogenic emerging zoonotic pathogens, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv). despite the impact on human health, there is currently limited full-genome sequence information available for henipaviruses. this lack of full-length genomes hampers our ability to understand the molecular drivers of henipavirus emergence. furthermore, rapidly deployable viral genome sequencing can be an integral part of outbreak response and epidemiological inves ...202031784761
the use of large-particle aerosol exposure to nipah virus to mimic human neurological disease manifestations in the african green monkey.nipah virus (niv) is an emerging virus associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease and encephalitis. to develop a neurological model for niv infection, we exposed 6 adult african green monkeys to a large-particle (approximately 12 μm) aerosol containing niv (malaysian isolate). brain magnetic resonance images were obtained at baseline, every 3 days after exposure for 2 weeks, and then weekly until week 8 after exposure. four of six animals showed abnormalities reminiscent of human dis ...202031687756
an intranasal exposure model of lethal nipah virus infection in african green monkeys.due to the difficulty in conducting clinical trials for vaccines and treatments against nipah virus (niv), licensure will likely require animal models, most importantly non-human primates (nhps). the nhp models of infection have primarily relied on intratracheal instillation or small particle aerosolization of niv. however, neither of these routes adequately models natural mucosal exposure to niv. to develop a more natural nhp model, we challenged african green monkeys with the bangladesh strain ...202031665362
a lethal aerosol exposure model of nipah virus strain bangladesh in african green monkeys.the high case-fatality rates and potential for use as a biological weapon make nipah virus (niv) a significant public health concern. previous studies assessing the pathogenic potential of niv delivered by the aerosol route in african green monkeys (agms) used the malaysia strain (nivm), which has caused lower instances of respiratory illness and person-to-person transmission during human outbreaks than the bangladesh strain (nivb). accordingly, we developed a small particle aerosol model of niv ...202031665351
advances in diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for nipah virus.nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe and often fatal respiratory and neurological disease in humans. the virus was first discovered after an outbreak of encephalitis in pig farmers in malaysia and singapore with subsequent outbreaks in bangladesh or india occurring almost annually. due to the highly pathogenic nature of niv, its pandemic potential, and the lack of licensed vaccines or therapeutics, there is a requirement for research and development into highly se ...202030817995
cytokine induction in nipah virus-infected primary human and porcine bronchial epithelial cells.during the nipah virus (niv) outbreak in malaysia, pigs and humans were infected. while pigs generally developed severe respiratory disease due to effective virus replication and associated inflammation processes in porcine airways, respiratory symptoms in humans were rare and less severe. to elucidate the reasons for the species-specific differences in niv airway infections, we compared the cytokine responses as a first reaction to niv in primary porcine and human bronchial epithelial cells (pb ...202031665348
detailed molecular biochemistry for novel therapeutic design against nipah and hendra virus: a systematic review.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) of genus henipavirus are the deadliest zoonotic viruses, which cause severe respiratory ailments and fatal encephalitis in humans and other susceptible animals. the fatality rate for these infections had been alarmingly high with no approved treatment available to date. viral attachment and fusion with host cell membrane is essential for viral entry and is the most essential event of viral infection. viral attachment is mediated by interaction of henipavi ...202031657692
fc-based recombinant henipavirus vaccines elicit broad neutralizing antibody responses in mice.the genus henipavirus (hnvs) includes two fatal viruses, namely nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev). since 1994, niv and hev have been endemic to the asia-pacific region and responsible for more than 600 cases of infections. two emerging hnvs, ghana virus (ghv) and mojiang virus (mojv), are speculated to be associated with unrecognized human diseases in africa and china, respectively. despite many efforts to develop vaccines against henipaviral diseases, there is presently no licensed human ...202032340278
micro-fusion inhibition tests: quantifying antibody neutralization of virus-mediated cell-cell fusion.although enveloped viruses canonically mediate particle entry through virus-cell fusion, certain viruses can spread by cell-cell fusion, brought about by receptor engagement and triggering of membrane-bound, viral-encoded fusion proteins on the surface of cells. the formation of pathogenic syncytia or multinucleated cells is seen in vivo, but their contribution to viral pathogenesis is poorly understood. for the negative-strand paramyxoviruses respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and nipah virus (n ...202033054904
coronavirus and other airborne agents with pandemic potential.the recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has caused a pandemic, which is the most severe infectious disease outbreak in many decades. other infective agents such as influenza as well as other neglected viruses such as lassa virus, nipah virus or poxviruses are also a cause for concern owing to their attack rate and potential for global spread. drug-resistant bacteria, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, are already a significant public health ...202032995685
developing vaccines against epidemic-prone emerging infectious diseases.today's world is characterized by increasing population density, human mobility, urbanization, and climate and ecological change. this global dynamic has various effects, including the increased appearance of emerging infectious diseases (eids), which pose a growing threat to global health security.outbreaks of eids, like the 2013-2016 ebola outbreak in west africa or the current ebola outbreak in democratic republic of the congo (drc), have not only put populations in low- and middle-income cou ...202031776599
importance of endocytosis for the biological activity of cedar virus fusion protein.endocytosis plays a particular role in the proteolytic activation of highly pathogenic henipaviruses hendra (hev) and nipah virus (niv) fusion (f) protein precursors. these proteins require endocytic uptake from the cell surface to be cleaved by cellular proteases within the endosomal compartment, followed by recycling to the plasma membrane for incorporation into budding virions or mediation of cell-cell fusion. this internalization largely depends on a tyrosine-based consensus motif for endocy ...202032911832
multifaceted functions of ch25h and 25hc to modulate the lipid metabolism, immune responses, and broadly antiviral activities.with the frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases in recent years, an effective broad-spectrum antiviral drug is becoming an urgent need for global public health. cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (ch25h) and its enzymatic products 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc), a well-known oxysterol that regulates lipid metabolism, have been reported to play multiple functions in modulating cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and immune responses. ch25h and 25hc were recently identified as exerting broadl ...202032640529
genome-wide analysis reveals a regulatory role for g-quadruplexes during adenovirus multiplication.the g-quadruplex (gq) motifs have recently been gaining prominence because of their role as gene cis-regulatory elements in a variety of organisms and as potential druggable targets for anti-cancer therapy and ageing. several studies have demonstrated the existence of gqs in the genomes of emerging and re-emerging human pathogens, such as hepatitis virus, herpesviruses, ebola virus, zika virus and nipah virus. human adenovirus (hadv) exhibits a large number of clinical manifestations especially ...202032289341
vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein dimerization domain is dispensable for virus growth.the phosphoprotein (p) of the nonsegmented negative-sense rna viruses is a multimeric modular protein that is essential for rna transcription and replication. despite great variability in length and sequence, the architecture of this protein is conserved among the different viral families, with a long n-terminal intrinsically disordered region comprising a nucleoprotein chaperone module, a central multimerization domain (pmd), connected by a disordered linker to a c-terminal nucleocapsid-binding ...202031852780
high pathogenicity of nipah virus from pteropus lylei fruit bats, cambodia.we conducted an in-depth characterization of the nipah virus (niv) isolate previously obtained from a pteropus lylei bat in cambodia in 2003 (csur381). we performed full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses and confirmed csur381 is part of the niv-malaysia genotype. in vitro studies revealed similar cell permissiveness and replication of csur381 (compared with 2 other niv isolates) in both bat and human cell lines. sequence alignments indicated conservation of the ephrin-b2 and ephrin-b3 ...202031855143
understanding the community perceptions and knowledge of bats and transmission of nipah virus in bangladesh.bats are known reservoirs of nipah virus (niv) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). while bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people's knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. the current study aimed to ...202033028047
coronavirus disease 2019-covid-19.summaryin recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including ebola virus, zika virus, nipah virus, and coronaviruses (covs). recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in wuhan city, china, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced covs, suggesting a novel cov strain (2019-ncov), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome cov-2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease 2 ...202032580969
nipah virus: past outbreaks and future containment.viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. the twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and nipah virus. nipah is co ...202032325930
finding equipoise: cepi revises its equitable access policy.launched at davos in january 2017 with funding from sovereign investors and philanthropic institutions, the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) is an innovative partnership between public, private, philanthropic, and civil organisations whose mission is to stimulate, finance and co-ordinate vaccine development against diseases with epidemic potential in cases where market incentives fail. as of december 2019, cepi has committed to investing up to $706 million in vaccine develo ...202032005536
detection of coronaviruses in pteropus & rousettus species of bats from different states of india.bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. in india, an association of pteropus medius bats with the nipah virus was reported in the past. it is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) also has its association with bats. to assess the presence of covs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat cov (btcov) in p. medius and rousettus species from repres ...202032317409
population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of nipah virus.the structure and connectivity of wildlife host populations may influence zoonotic disease dynamics, evolution and therefore spillover risk to people. fruit bats in the genus pteropus, or flying foxes, are the primary natural reservoir for henipaviruses-a group of emerging paramyxoviruses that threaten livestock and public health. in bangladesh, pteropus medius is the reservoir for nipah virus-and viral spillover has led to human fatalities nearly every year since 2001. here, we use mitochondria ...202031652377
nipah virus epidemic in southern india and emphasizing "one health" approach to ensure global health security.nipah virus (niv) encephalitis first reported in "sungai nipah" in malaysia in 1999 has emerged as a global public health threat in the southeast asia region. from 1998 to 2018, more than 630 cases of niv human infections were reported. niv is transmitted by zoonotic (from bats to humans, or from bats to pigs, and then to humans) as well as human-to-human routes. deforestation and urbanization of some areas have contributed to greater overlap between human and bat habitats resulting in niv outbr ...202030090764
corrigendum to: in situ imaging of fluorescent nipah virus respiratory and neurological tissue tropism in the syrian hamster model. 202031891167
in situ imaging of fluorescent nipah virus respiratory and neurological tissue tropism in the syrian hamster model.using a recombinant nipah virus expressing a fluorescent protein (zsg), we visualized virus tropism in the syrian hamster model. we found that anatomical localization of fluorescence correlated to clinical signs; signal was primarily visualized in the respiratory tract in animals with acute-onset terminal disease, whereas central nervous system localization was seen in animals that succumbed with delayed disease onset. while polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection corresponded well to zsg sign ...202031665342
structural insight into paramyxovirus and pneumovirus entry inhibition.paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses infect cells through fusion (f) protein-mediated merger of the viral envelope with target membranes. members of these families include a range of major human and animal pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), measles virus (mev), human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs), and highly pathogenic nipah virus (niv). high-resolution f protein structures in both the metastable pre- and the postfusion conformation have been solved for several members of the fam ...202032245118
correction for satterfield et al., "nipah virus c and w proteins contribute to respiratory disease in ferrets". 202032234799
dissecting an outbreak: a clinico-epidemiological study of nipah virus infection in kerala, india, 2018.an outbreak of nipah virus infection was confirmed in kerala, india in may 2018. five out of 23 cases including the first laboratory-confirmed case were treated at baby memorial hospital (bmh), kozhikode. the study describes the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of the nipah virus outbreak at kozhikode during may 2018.202032165798
state of the globe: human nipah virus infection needs "one health". 202032165793
re: letter to the editor of public health in response to 'nipah virus infection: gaps in evidence and its public health importance'. 202032139249
changing contact patterns over disease progression: nipah virus as a case study.contact patterns play a key role in disease transmission, and variation in contacts during the course of illness can influence transmission, particularly when accompanied by changes in host infectiousness. we used surveys among 1642 contacts of 94 nipah virus case patients in bangladesh to determine how contact patterns (physical and with bodily fluids) changed as disease progressed in severity. the number of contacts increased with severity and, for case patients who died, peaked on the day of ...202032115627
inhibition of nipah virus by defective interfering particles.the error-prone nature of rna-dependent rna polymerases drives the diversity of rna virus populations. arising within this diversity is a subset of defective viral genomes that retain replication competency, termed defective interfering (di) genomes. these defects are caused by aberrant viral polymerase reinitiation on the same viral rna template (deletion di species) or the nascent rna strand (copyback di species). di genomes have previously been shown to alter the dynamics of a viral populatio ...202032108876
nipah: an interesting stance.nipah instead was one of the most fatal outbreaks of diseases in the mankind which was initially assumed as japanese encephalitis. a multidisciplinary exploration was done at several levels of microbiology, histopathology and genetics which led to the discovery of a new paramyxovirus named nipah virus (niv). the disease was primarily identified in malaysia in 1998 and named after a village, sungai nipah. the main mode of transmission in the malaysian outbreaks was thought to be the consumption o ...202032104651
nipah virus infection: gaps in evidence and its public health importance. 202032093877
designing of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against nipah virus by in silico approach: a putative prophylactic solution for the deadly virus.nipah virus (npv) is one of the most notorious viruses with a very high fatality rate. because of the recurrent advent of this virus and its severe neurological implications, often leading to high mortality, the who r&d blueprint, 2018 has listed the nipah virus as one of the emerging infectious diseases requiring urgent research and development effort. yet there is a major layback in the development of effective vaccines or drugs against npv. in this study, we have designed a stable multivalent ...202032093573
identification and characterization of two conserved g-quadruplex forming motifs in the nipah virus genome and their interaction with g-quadruplex specific ligands.the g-quadruplex (gq) motifs are considered as potential drug-target sites for several human pathogenic viruses such as zika, hepatitis, ebola, and human herpesviruses. the recent outbreaks of nipah virus (niv) in india, the highly fatal emerging zoonotic virus is a potential threat to global health security as no anti-viral drug or vaccine in currently available. therefore, here in the present study, we sought to assess the ability of the putative g-quadruplex forming sequences in the niv genom ...202032001794
inactivation of three emerging viruses - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus and nipah virus - in platelet concentrates by ultraviolet c light and in plasma by methylene blue plus visible light.emerging viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) and nipah virus (niv) have been identified to pose a potential threat to transfusion safety. in this study, the ability of the theraflex uv-platelets and theraflex mb-plasma pathogen inactivation systems to inactivate these viruses in platelet concentrates and plasma, respectively, was investigated.202031930543
control of nipah virus infection in mice by the host adaptors mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (myd88).interferon (ifn) type i plays a critical role in the protection of mice from lethal nipah virus (niv) infection, but mechanisms responsible for ifn-i induction remain unknown. in the current study, we demonstrated the critical role of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein signaling pathway in ifn-i production and niv replication in murine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, and the redundant but essential roles of both mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein and myeloid differentiation pri ...202031853535
nipah virus infection in kozhikode, kerala, south india, in 2018: epidemiology of an outbreak of an emerging disease.an outbreak of the rare and highly pathogenic nipah virus infection occurred in kozhikode, kerala, india, during may 2018.202031802805
interaction of host cellular factor anp32b with matrix proteins of different paramyxoviruses.although most non-segmented negative-strand rna viruses (nnsvs) replicate in the cytoplasm, nnsv proteins often exert host manipulatory functions in the nucleus. matrix (m) proteins of henipaviruses and other paramyxoviruses shuttle through the nucleus, where host factors may bind for m modification or host-cell manipulation. acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member b (anp32b) is an interactor of hendra and nipah virus m. both accumulate in the nucleus in an anp32b-dependent m ...202031793855
identifying potential entry inhibitors for emerging nipah virus by molecular docking and chemical-protein interaction network.nipah virus (niv) is a newly emergent paramyxovirus that has caused various outbreaks in asian countries. despite its acute pathogenicity and lack of approved therapeutics for human use, there is an urgent need to determine inhibitors against niv. hence, this work includes prospection of potential entry inhibitors by implementing an integrative structure- and network-based drug discovery approach. fda-approved drugs were screened against attachment glycoprotein (niv-g, pdb: 2vsm), one of the pri ...202031771426
prediction of the binding interface between monoclonal antibody m102.4 and nipah attachment glycoprotein using structure-guided alanine scanning and computational docking.nipah virus (niv) has been designated as a priority disease with an urgent need for therapeutic development by world health organization. the monoclonal antibody m102.4 binds to the immunodominant niv receptor-binding glycoprotein (gp), and potently neutralizes niv, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent. although the co-crystal structure of m102.3, an m102.4 derivative, in complex with the gp of the related hendra virus (hev) has been solved, the structural interaction between m102.4 a ...202033106487
vaccines to emerging viruses: nipah and hendra.hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are bat-borne zoonotic para-myxoviruses identified in the mid- to late 1990s in outbreaks of severe disease in livestock and people in australia and malaysia, respectively. hev repeatedly re-emerges in australia while niv continues to cause outbreaks in south asia (bangladesh and india), and these viruses have remained transboundary threats. in people and several mammalian species, hev and niv infections present as a severe systemic and often fatal neurol ...202032991264
nipah@20: lessons learned from another virus with pandemic potential.nipah disease is listed as one of the who priority diseases that pose the greatest public health risk due to their epidemic potential. more than 200 experts from around the world convened in singapore last year to mark the 20th anniversary of the first nipah virus outbreaks in malaysia and singapore. most of these experts are now involved in responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. here, members of the organizing committee of the 2019 nipah virus international conference r ...202032641430
henipavirus w proteins interact with 14-3-3 to modulate host gene expression.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev), members of the henipavirus genus in the paramyxoviridae family, are recently emerged, highly lethal zoonotic pathogens. the niv and hev nonsegmented, negative-sense rna genomes encode nine proteins, including the w protein. expressed from the p gene through mrna editing, w shares a common n-terminus with p and v but has a unique c-terminus. expressed alone, w modulates innate immune responses by several mechanisms, and elimination of w from niv alters th ...202032321809
non-malarial febrile illness: a systematic review of published aetiological studies and case reports from southern asia and south-eastern asia, 1980-2015.in the absence of definitive diagnosis, healthcare providers are likely to prescribe empirical antibacterials to those who test negative for malaria. this problem is of critical importance in southern asia (sa) and south-eastern asia (sea) where high levels of antimicrobial consumption and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have been reported. to improve management and guide further diagnostic test development, better understanding is needed of the true causative agents of fever and the ...202032951591
lentiviral vector pseudotypes: precious tools to improve gene modification of hematopoietic cells for research and gene therapy.viruses have been repurposed into tools for gene delivery by transforming them into viral vectors. the most frequently used vectors are lentiviral vectors (lvs), derived from the human immune deficiency virus allowing efficient gene transfer in mammalian cells. they represent one of the safest and most efficient treatments for monogenic diseases affecting the hematopoietic system. lvs are modified with different viral envelopes (pseudotyping) to alter and improve their tropism for different prim ...202032933033
the critical region for viral rna encapsidation in leader promoter of nipah virus.encapsidation by nucleocapsid (n) protein is crucial for viral rna to serve as a functional template for virus replication. however, the potential region that is vital for rna encapsidation of nipah virus (niv) is still unknown. thus, this study was aimed to identify these regions using a niv minireplicon system. a series of broad range internal deletion mutations was generated in the 5' non-translated region (ntr) of the n gene mrna region of niv leader promoter via site-directed overlapping pc ...202032767127
viral evasion of the complement system and its importance for vaccines and therapeutics.the complement system is a key component of innate immunity which readily responds to invading microorganisms. activation of the complement system typically occurs via three main pathways and can induce various antimicrobial effects, including: neutralization of pathogens, regulation of inflammatory responses, promotion of chemotaxis, and enhancement of the adaptive immune response. these can be vital host responses to protect against acute, chronic, and recurrent viral infections. consequently, ...202032733480
development of molecular diagnosis by pcr for the detection of infection and gene expression for nipah virus (niv).the epidemiology of nipah virus (niv) was shortly seen in many asian countries like malaysia, bangladesh and india most recently. nipah virus also synonym as bat born virus is transmitted primarily by fruit bats. the 2 different strains transmitted are hendra (highly pathogenic) and cedar (non-pathogenic). the present study was attempt to develop recombinant protein based reagents for molecular diagnosis of nipah.202032700860
infections among contacts of patients with nipah virus, india. 202032597751
stakeholder perspective of handling the deceased during the nipah virus outbreak in kerala, south india, 2018.in any outbreak situation, a poor stakeholder response can impede the outbreak control and can have high economic and social cost. we conducted a qualitative study to understand stakeholder response in handling of the nipah deceased persons during the outbreak of nipah in kerala, 2018. to understand the responses and to generate knowledge from the data, we used grounded theory approach for the study and conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. mixed public response and swift sta ...202032588798
contact tracing: a lesson from the nipah virus in the time of covid-19.without a vaccine or proven therapeutic options in covid-19, the world health organization (who) recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases; rigorous contact tracing; and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts to curb the spread of covid-19. during a nipah outbreak in kerala, india in 2019, it was confined to a single case. the authors were involved in the in-hospital contact tracing. with a single patient producing a contact list of 98 in a he ...202032476600
a framework to monitor changes in transmission and epidemiology of emerging pathogens: lessons from nipah virus.it is of uttermost importance that the global health community develops the surveillance capability to effectively monitor emerging zoonotic pathogens that constitute a major and evolving threat for human health. in this study, we propose a comprehensive framework to measure changes in (1) spillover risk, (2) interhuman transmission, and (3) morbidity/mortality associated with infections based on 6 epidemiological key indicators derived from routine surveillance. we demonstrate the indicators' v ...202032392322
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910
nextlast
Displaying items 801 - 900 of 908