Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antibody responses of swine to type a influenza viruses during the past ten years in japan. | a total of 6346 swine sera collected at an abattoir in the city of obihiro, hokkaido during the years 1978-87 were tested for the presence of antibodies to swine and human influenza viruses. a high incidence of antibody to a/new jersey/8/76 (swine type h1n1) virus was observed throughout the 10 years except for the occasional month and a single long period of 15 months. antibodies to human h3n2 virus in swine appeared to be related to the epidemics of human influenza which occurred in the study ... | 1988 | 3378588 |
| local and systemic antibody responses in high-risk adults given live-attenuated and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines. | forty seropositive older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant decrements in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. eight (62%) recipients of cr37 virus and 16 (59%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in nasal wash immunoglobulin g (igg) or iga antibody titer, a fourfold rise in s ... | 1988 | 3384914 |
| antigenic and structural characterization of multiple subpopulations of h3n2 influenza virus from an individual. | influenza viruses grown in embryonated chicken eggs frequently possess antigenically distinguishable hemagglutinin (ha) compared to virus from the same source grown in mammalian cell culture. to further investigate the extent of variation among viruses from an individual, viruses were isolated from throat washes collected over a 48-hr period during infection with influenza virus designated a/mem/6/86 (h3n2). viruses were isolated from limit dilutions in eggs and mammalian madin-darby canine kidn ... | 1988 | 3407150 |
| characterization of envelope antigens of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated during 1983-1985 epidemics and from sporadic cases of infection. | ten strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from an outbreak in 1983, and ten strains isolated in 1985 from sporadic cases of infection were included in the study. for characterization of envelope antigens were used the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies tested in the reaction of haemagglutinin inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and by lectin test. the strains but slightly different in the tests with polyclonal antibodies could clearly be classified to 3-4 groups using 5 monoclonal ant ... | 1988 | 3411119 |
| human influenza viral neuraminidases augment cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. | previously, we reported that influenza virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (cmc) was largely due to its glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (na). these observations were based on the use of a single influenza virus strain, the a/port chalmers/3/73 (h3n2), and these were considered insufficient to generalize that all human influenza virus nas augment cmc. therefore, antigenically different nas of human influenza strains were used to study whether (a) all nas possess the potential ... | 1988 | 3412358 |
| comparative activities of several nucleoside analogs against influenza a, b, and c viruses in vitro. | a set of 20 nucleoside analogs were examined for their inhibitory effects on the cytopathogenicity and growth of influenza virus type a, b, and c strains in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. among the compounds evaluated, pyrazofurin, 3-deazaguanine, ribavirin, carbodine, and cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited viral cytopathogenicity at concentrations that were lower than those found cytotoxic for the mdck cells. no differences were observed in the 50% effective doses (based on inhibition of ... | 1988 | 3415210 |
| an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a hospital for the elderly with emphasis on pulmonary complications. | from dec 1, 1985 to jan 18, 1986, 133 of 379 (35.1%) mainly elderly in-patients at a hospital in fukuoka city were infected with influenza virus a (h3n2). in 32 of the 133 (24.1%) infected with the virus, pneumonia occurred. the occurrence was significantly higher in man (33.1%) than in women (17.1%) (p less than 0.05), and the same occurrence was found to be higher in bed-ridden patients (32.7%) than in ambulatory patients (17.3%) (p less than 0.05). it was also higher in those age 70 or older ... | 1988 | 3418982 |
| the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccines. | to ascertain whether subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) generally develop protective hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccines. | 1988 | 2970238 |
| identification of sequence changes in the cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine strain, a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2). | nucleotide sequences have been obtained for rna segments encoding the pb2, pb1, pa, np, m1, m2, ns1, and ns2 proteins of the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) wild-type (wt) virus and its cold-adapted (ca) derivative that has been used for preparing investigational live attenuated vaccines. twenty-four nucleotide differences between the ca and wt viruses were detected, of which 11 were deduced to code for amino acid substitutions in the ca virus proteins. one amino acid substitution each was pre ... | 1988 | 2974219 |
| an improved membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay for the rapid serological diagnosis of viral infections. | a one-step modification of the membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay (mf eia) (barnett et al., j. clin. microbiol., 23:385-399, 1987), for estimation of virus-specific antibody is described. the modified mf eia allowed serum, antigen and enzyme-conjugated anti-globulin to be incubated together in membrane-based 96-well plates to enable the formation of immune complexes in solution at 37 degrees c. the assay required only 45 min for completion and polyethylene glycol was shown to be an essential ... | 1988 | 3053742 |
| [identification of the hemagglutinating antigens of the influenza virus by immunoenzyme analysis]. | highly active test sera detecting the presence of virus antigen both in concentrated and purified preparations and in allantoic virus cultures directly adsorbed on the solid phase have been proposed for successful identification and detection of influenza a and b virus variants. after direct sorption of purified and concentrated virus preparations, the test sera to influenza a (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) virus detect the virus antigen in a concentration of 8 ng/ml, test sera to influenza b virus in a con ... | 1988 | 3064428 |
| [isolation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus types a and b]. | monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza type a (10f) and b (5h and 6h) viruses have been prepared. by immunoblotting method, mca 10f were found to be specific for np-protein of influenza a virus, and mca 5h and 6h to be specific for hemagglutinin of influenza b virus. it was established that the 10f clone interacted with all the investigated influenza a virus strains with different antigenic formulae (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and could be used for typing of this virus type. clones 5h and 6h react spec ... | 1988 | 3064429 |
| susceptibility to virus infection with exposure to nitrogen dioxide. | the interaction between nitrogen dioxide (no2) exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded trial that was conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over a three-year period. healthy, non-smoking volunteers, 18 to 35 years old, who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus, were randomly assigned either to breathe filtered clean air (clean air group) or nitrogen dioxide (exposure grou ... | 1988 | 3077322 |
| characterization of an influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from pigs in england in 1987. | 1988 | 2838122 | |
| identification of h3n2 influenza virus isolated from pigs with respiratory problems in spain. | 1988 | 2839928 | |
| high-level transient expression of influenza virus proteins from a series of sv40 late and early replacement vectors. | we have constructed a collection of simian virus 40 (sv40) plasmid vectors useful for transient or constitutive expression of cdna or genomic dna in animal cells. most vectors contain several unique restriction sites downstream from the sv40 late or early promoter, and are available with or without the virus-specific splicing signals. the use of these vectors for transient expression in monkey cells of x47 (h3n2) influenza hemagglutinin (ha) and matrix protein (m1) was demonstrated. membrane-bou ... | 1988 | 2844629 |
| gamma-irradiated influenza a virus can prime for a cross-reactive and cross-protective immune response against influenza a viruses. | a-strain influenza virus a/jap (h2n2) was tested for its ability to induce cytotoxic t cells (tc) after being rendered non-infectious by either uv or gamma irradiation. gamma-irradiated virus proved to be more efficient than uv-inactivated virus in priming for a memory tc cell response or in boosting memory spleen cells in vitro. most importantly, gamma-inactivated, but not uv-inactivated, a/jap immunized animals survived lethal challenge with heterologous (a/pc(h3n2), a/wsn(h1n1)) virus as effe ... | 1988 | 2846435 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic effects of murabutide in of1 mice infected with influenza a/h3n2 (a/texas/1/77) virus. | the antiviral activity of a novel biological response modifier (murabutide mdp derivative) has been investigated in 3-week-old of1 mice infected with influenza (a/texas/1/77) virus. in each experimental and control group, 10 mice were infected intranasally with a viral dose producing 50% mortality in 5 days and received murabutide via the subcutaneous or intranasal route at various doses either in a simple or in daily repeated administration. all experiments were done in triplicate. significant ... | 1988 | 2851033 |
| influenza in swine in belgium (1969-1986): epizootiologic aspects. | from 1984 until 1986, influenza isolates were obtained from 59 outbreaks of respiratory tract disease in belgium. in 21 of the outbreaks, h3n2-influenza virus isolates, related to the human a/port chalmers/1/73 strain were obtained. all other isolates were h1n1-influenza virus strains. the prevalence of variants of the human h3n2-influenza virus in the belgium swine population was determined by examining sow sera which had been collected between 1969 and 1984. the results of this serological stu ... | 1988 | 2851410 |
| 4-o-acetyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid in the n-linked carbohydrate structures of equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins, potent inhibitors of influenza virus infection. | to investigate the molecular basis of the differential ability of human, equine, and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins to inhibit hemagglutination and infectivity of a human influenza virus, a/memphis/102/72 (h3n2), the structures of oligosaccharides released from the three glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis were analyzed comparatively. approximately seven to eight sugar chains were released from each subunit of two potent inhibitors (equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins) and a weak inhibit ... | 1989 | 2470764 |
| induction of immune response to influenza virus with anti-idiotypic antibodies. | anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies were raised in rabbits against five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for different antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza virus mem71h-beln (h3n1) [a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) x a/bel/42 (h1n1)]. each of the anti-id sera was directed predominantly towards a unique (private) idiotype of the immunizing mab, none of the five idiotypes being detectable in pooled balb/c antisera against mem71h-beln virus or on most other anti-ha mabs tested. partial ... | 1989 | 2470919 |
| [antigenic drift of epidemic strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) in 1985]. | the study included 230 strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated in the epidemic of 1985. a high degree of heterogeneity of the virus population was established with polyclonal sera, monoclonal antibodies and the method of krna-brna hybridization for the determination of the genome composition. among the strains of one epidemic (1985) three antigenically heterogenous groups of strains were detected similar with reference a/philippines/2/82, a/ken/1/84, and a/mississippi/1/85 strains. it was s ... | 1989 | 2471358 |
| the structural requirements for class ii (i-ad)-restricted t cell recognition of influenza hemagglutinin: b cell epitopes define t cell epitopes. | a majority of i-ad-restricted cd4+ clones elicited by influenza x31 (h3n2) virus infection, recognize a synthetic peptide of hemagglutinin (ha) corresponding to an antibody binding region of the ha1 subunit (site b: ha1 177-199). the structural requirements for class ii-restricted t cell recognition were investigated by determining the proliferative responses of representative cd4+ clones to truncated ha1 peptides and synthetic peptide analogues. two distinct t cell epitopes were identified and ... | 1989 | 2468504 |
| comparison of the virologic and immunologic responses of volunteers to live avian-human influenza a h3n2 reassortant virus vaccines derived from two different avian influenza virus donors. | we compared the abilities of the six internal rna segments of two avian influenza viruses, a/mallard/alberta/88/76 (h3n8) and a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2), to confer attenuation on wild-type human influenza a/bethesda/1/85 (h3n2) virus in seronegative adult volunteers. live avian-human influenza a reassortant virus vaccines derived from either avian virus parent were comparable in the following properties: safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and genetic stability. since the avian influenza a/mal ... | 1989 | 2913033 |
| resistance of influenza a virus to amantadine and rimantadine: results of one decade of surveillance. | all clinical isolates of influenza a viruses from patients in huntington, west virginia, during the decade 1978-1988 were tested, and 65 of 65 h1n1 and 176 of 181 h3n2 viruses were susceptible to the antiviral action of amantadine and rimantadine. the five resistant viruses were obtained from three members of a family undergoing therapy or prophylaxis with rimantadine. resistant influenza emerged during treatment with rimantadine and spread to two family contacts, causing typical influenza with ... | 1989 | 2915166 |
| purified influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are equivalent in stimulation of antibody response but induce contrasting types of immunity to infection. | balb/c mice immunized with graded doses of chromatographically purified hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigens derived from a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus demonstrated equivalent responses when ha-specific and na-specific serum antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). antibody responses measured by hemagglutination inhibition or neuraminidase inhibition titrations showed similar kinetic patterns, except for more rapid decline in hemagglutinati ... | 1989 | 2915381 |
| [specific and nonspecific indicators of activation of influenza viruses before an epidemic caused by influenza viruses subtype a/h3n2 and type b in czechoslovakia in 1986]. | the authors submit an aetiological and epidemiological analysis of the influenza epidemic which occurred in the csr between the 4th and 14th week of 1986 and was caused by the influenza virus subtype a/h3n2/ and type b. the epidemic affected a total of 27.1% of the population, in the age group of 0-5 years 63.7%, in the age group 6-14 years 52.7% and in the age group above 15 years 17.1%. in the course of the epidemic 77,458 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis were reported and 1,412 deaths with t ... | 1989 | 2920398 |
| occupational exposure to influenza--introduction of an index case to a hospital. | the epidemiology of influenza in the hospital is frequently confounded by failure to separate community-acquired from nosocomial transmission. an 83-year-old woman was hospitalized one day after returning from asia with complications resulting from acute influenza a (h3n2) infection; she was the first culture-confirmed case in the region during the 1987-1988 influenza season, and her illness antedated other influenza cases in the area by at least four weeks. the patient shed virus at least four ... | 1989 | 2926107 |
| [protective action of cytotoxic lymphocytes depending on the antigenic determinant composition of influenza virus hemagglutinin]. | the protective role of cytotoxic lymphocytes (ctl) in dependence on composition of antigenic determinants of hemagglutinin of influenza viruses h3n2 was studied. it was established that ctl do not exert protective effect under conditions of adoptive transfer, when there is one common antigenic determinant in hemagglutinins of the virus forming immunity. when all antigenic determinants in hemagglutinins of influenza viruses are identical, ctl-like antibodies represent one of the main factors of a ... | 1989 | 2480826 |
| [antigenic and biological properties of influenza a virus (h3n2), isolated and passaged in various systems--chick embryos and mdck cell culture]. | 1989 | 2483782 | |
| human monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus: igg subclass and light chain distribution. | three adults and three children were immunized with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines and 98 igg monoclonal antibodies derived from ebv immortalization of their blood lymphocytes were studied. all antibodies reacted specifically with influenza a h3n2 or h1n1 whole virus and 73 of 74 tested reacted with the purified ha glycoproteins. the majority (76%) of 77 monoclonal antibodies adequately tested by elisa or solid phase ria contained lambda light chains. elisa analysis of the igg ... | 1989 | 2545224 |
| [pathologic consequences of a severe influenza outbreak (swine virus a/h1n1) under natural conditions in the non-immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy]. | pathological consequences of a severe outbreak of swine influenza (h1n1 virus) in the non immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy, under natural conditions. a sudden acute outbreak of fever, depression, anorexia and coughing in a group of nulliparous sows from a herd that was currently under epidemiological investigation lead to build a particular disposal of observation. the clinical signs were daily recorded including rectal temperature. blood was taken from the sows at the beginning of the t ... | 1989 | 2550169 |
| [the prevalence of antibodies to influenza virus and respiratory coronavirus in fattening pigs in spain]. | the presence of antibodies to two influenza viruses of the type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and to a porcine respiratory coronavirus was investigated in a study lasting a year. 735 blood serum samples were collected from 79 closed pig fattening farms in the province segovia (spain). hemagglutination inhibition was used with influenza viruses. the percentage of positive results was 78.5% and 62.5% respectively for the serotypes h1n1 and h3n2. a clear reduction in the spread of antibodies was observed in th ... | 1989 | 2554624 |
| seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza a virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in hassia. | 1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in hassia (frg) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza a virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (srht). antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype h1n1) a/swine/arnsberg/1/81, a/swine/iowa/15/30 and a/new jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to a/swine/arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, wh ... | 1989 | 2559562 |
| occurrence and aetiology of acute respiratory diseases: results of a longterm surveillance programme. | totals of 58,661,000 acute respiratory disease (ard) cases, 1,376,651 bronchitis and pneumonia complications, and 93,042 deaths from influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia or chronic pulmonary affection were notified during 11 years of ard surveillance from 1975 to 1986. all ard seasons started with the first phase in september-december; this increase in morbidity was caused chiefly by adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses and m. pneumoniae. second wave of ard morbidity occurring in januar ... | 1989 | 2565674 |
| diversity of the class ii (i-ak/i-ek)-restricted t cell repertoire for influenza hemagglutinin and antigenic drift. six nonoverlapping epitopes on the ha1 subunit are defined by synthetic peptides. | h-2k-restricted t cell clones derived from cba mice infected with x31 (h3n2) influenza virus, were shown to recognize distinct, nonoverlapping sequences within the ha1 subunit of the viral hemagglutinin (ha) using synthetic peptides. three i-ak-restricted t cell sequences were identified within ha1 68-83, 120-139, and 269-288, and two recognition sites presented in the context of the i-ek molecule were mapped to ha1 sequences 226-245 and 246-265. t cell clones specific for these regions of ha1 d ... | 1989 | 2474053 |
| identification of pr8 m1 protein in influenza virus high-yield reassortants by m1-specific monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the m1 protein of a/pr8/34 (h1n1) (pr8) influenza a virus was found to distinguish in elisa high-yielding reassortant viruses derived from reassortment of pr8 and x-31 (h3n2) viruses with recently prevalent field strains of h1n1 or h3n2 subtype. these findings are concordant with results of genotyping that demonstrated the presence of pr8 rna 7 or m1 protein in high-yield reassortants by rna or protein page. all high-yield vaccine candidate reassortants applic ... | 1989 | 2474896 |
| influenza virus infection and bacterial clearance in young adult and aged mice. | the effects of influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus infection on clearance of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus or serratia marcescens) from lungs of young adult (8-week-old) and aged (2-year-old) cba/2n mice were studied. no consistent differences in pulmonary bacterial clearance were observed in uninfected animals of either age group. however, both young and aged virus-infected mice consistently exhibited significantly reduced ability to clear challenge bacteria from their lungs compared to age ... | 1989 | 2475539 |
| [correlation of antigenic properties of influenza viruses of the h3n2 subtype with changes in the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinins]. | the effect of amino acid substitutions within the antigenic sites, the residues close to these sites, and the other parts of the hemagglutinin molecule on cross-reactions between influenza subtype h3n2 virus strains in hemagglutination-inhibition tests are considered. previously we reported a method for calculation of the values of immunochemical cross-reactions between the homologous proteins based on the structural data. on this basis, a method for calculation of the titers of cross-reactions ... | 1989 | 2477951 |
| [the use of the potentials of the molecular hybridization of nucleic acids as a method for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza in research on vaccinal infection]. | the data obtained as the result of the complex examination of volunteers immunized with live influenza vaccine, type a (h3n2), showed that the determination of the rna-containing structures by the method of the molecular hybridization of nucleic acids (mhna) was highly sensitive and reliable. this method proved to be more sensitive than common laboratory diagnostic tests (the isolation of the virus in chick embryos, the analysis of seroconversion, the antibody fluorescence test) and was not infe ... | 1989 | 2588878 |
| epidemiological aspects of the evolution of influenza infections in a large urban centre (b.) in romania in 1988. | the study describes the peculiarities of the influenza infection evolution, in 1988, in a large urban centre, b., in romania, as they result from the active surveillance of the epidemiological process of influenza and other viral respiratory tract infections, by means of a complex methodology based on clinical-epidemiological and laboratory techniques. the low endemic morbidity, the evolution of these seasonally ascendant specific incidence, the endemic aspect of influenza infection being mainta ... | 1989 | 2596018 |
| [regularities of formation in a general population of serum antibodies to previously circulated influenza a viruses]. | the spectrum of antibody production against hemagglutinin of all known influenza a virus serotypes after influenza a (h3n2) infection in persons of all age groups (from 1 month to 72 years) was analysed to investigated the regularities of accumulation of antibodies against influenza a viruses gone out of circulation. for the same purpose, a long-term (many years) longitudinal analysis of serum anti-ha antibody levels against "old" influenza a (hsw1n1), a (h0n1), a (h1n1), a (h2n2), and a (h3n2) ... | 1989 | 2609640 |
| [antigenic characteristics of influenza b virus strains isolated in an orphanage during an influenza outbreak in moscow in the winter of 1988]. | examinations of ard patients in an orphanage for defective children in moscow during an influenza outbreak in the winter of 1988 yielded 12 influenza virus strains, including 6 influenza b strains and 6 influenza a (h3n2) strains. the antigenic analysis of hemagglutinin of influenza b virus isolates showed that with respect to the b/leningrad/179/86 strain (an antigenic analogue of b/ann arbor/1/86 strain recommended for inclusion into the influenza vaccine for 1987-1988) they could be divided i ... | 1989 | 2609641 |
| characterization of the m protein and nucleoprotein genes of an avian influenza a virus which are involved in host range restriction in monkeys. | a reassortant virus possessing rna segment 7, which codes for the m1 and m2 proteins, of the avian influenza a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2) virus and the other seven rna segments of the human influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) virus had been shown previously to be markedly restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys. in contrast, a reassortant possessing segment 7 of another avian influenza virus, a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6), and the seven other rna segments from t ... | 1989 | 2609730 |
| prevalence of antibody to current influenza virus strains in adolescents. | during the spring of 1986, 118 pupils aged 15-18 years were surveyed for the presence of humoral antibodies to five influenza strains. prevalence of humoral immunity (hi) antibodies and immunity was found to be related to the year of the strain's emergence and to length of circulation time in the community. a high percentage of the adolescents were not immune to one or more of the tested strains. more than 40% of the studied group were not immune to the old a strains a/philipines 2/82 (h3n2) and ... | 1989 | 2621457 |
| [heterogeneity of current epidemic influenza a viruses with respect to reproduction activity in a tissue culture]. | the reproduction activity in human embryo kidney cell culture (hek) of epidemic influenza a viruses (h3n2 serosubtype) isolated in different years and with a certain level of virulence for man was studied. the cells were inoculated with the viruses at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001 eid50/cell, and the reproductive activity was judged by the levels of infectious and hemagglutinating activity during 96 hours of observation. there was a clear-cut correlation between the virus virulence level ... | 1989 | 2633460 |
| diagnosis of influenza a virus infections by detection of specific immunoglobulins m, a, and g in serum. | the value of immunoglobulin m (igm) detection in the early diagnosis of influenza a was examined in a prospective study during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) virus infection in february and march 1986. the igm response was investigated in sera from 64 adults with influenzalike symptoms; we found a fourfold rise in titer or high titers (greater than or equal to 80) of influenza a virus antibodies by the complement fixation test. the igm response, analyzed by the hemadsorption ... | 1989 | 2654180 |
| recognition of the pb1, neuraminidase, and matrix proteins of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | we have investigated the recognition of the pb1, neuraminidase, and matrix (m1) proteins of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 (h3n2 subtype) by secondary in vitro stimulated polyclonal cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) populations. while these three proteins have different functions and cellular locations, they can all be recognized as target antigens. however, the immunogenicity of these proteins for ctls is under strict genetic control. thus, pb1 protein is recognized as a cross-reactive target antigen by ... | 1989 | 2658303 |
| emergence and apparent transmission of rimantadine-resistant influenza a virus in families. | to determine whether rimantadine can protect family members from acquiring influenza a viral illness and to assess the possible selection of drug-resistant strains of virus, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in three communities during two influenza seasons. when influenza a occurred in a family, the members (including the index patient) were given either rimantadine (adult oral dose, 200 mg per day) or placebo for 10 days. the presence of illness was monitored by ... | 1989 | 2687687 |
| natural or vaccine-induced antibody as a predictor of immunity in the face of natural challenge with influenza viruses. | a study of influenza in residential schools provided the opportunity to assess the significance of antibody as a predictor of immunity. five hundred and fifty-six pupils from 8 schools were included in the investigations, and the outcome for these children in 27 naturally occurring outbreaks of influenza was analysed. the outbreaks comprised 5 caused by strains of influenza a h3n2, 10 caused by strains of influenza a h1n1, and 12 caused by strains of influenza b. on 8 occasions a second outbreak ... | 1989 | 2703026 |
| effectiveness of influenza vaccine when given during an outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 in a nursing home. | an explosive outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 began in a nursing home in the denver area early in november, 1987. residents had not been vaccinated at that time. vaccine was administered on november 11th. two weeks after the vaccine was given, the attack rate differed between the vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. there were 40 cases of influenza among the 98 elderly residents, 12 cases of pneumonia, and seven deaths. vaccine efficacy two weeks after it was given was estimated to be 65.4% in p ... | 1989 | 2703638 |
| effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on susceptibility to influenza a virus infection in healthy adults. | the effect of no2 exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over 3 yr. healthy, nonsmoking, young adult volunteers who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus were randomly assigned to breathe either filtered clean air (control group) or no2 for 2 h/day for 3 consecutive days. the no2 concentrations were 2 ppm (year 1), 3 ppm ( ... | 1989 | 2712434 |
| studies on the genetic basis of human influenza a virus adaptation to mice: degrees of virulence of reassortants with defined genetic content. | a highly virulent mouse-adapted variant of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) was crossed either with the original a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) influenza virus strain or with its mouse-adapted, moderately mouse virulent variant. the reassortants were characterized with respect to their genetic content and pneumovirulence for mice. the reassortants fell into three categories: avirulent, highly virulent (resembling in this respect the parent a/aichi/2/68 virus) and moderately virulent (resembling the mous ... | 1989 | 2719553 |
| pathways of evolution of influenza a (h1n1) viruses from 1977 to 1986 as determined by oligonucleotide mapping and sequencing studies. | the evolutionary relationships of epidemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated between 1982 and 1986 have been examined by oligonucleotide mapping and partial dna sequencing. the t1 mapping studies confirmed our previous report that the evolution of the influenza virus genome generally results in an average of four to six oligonucleotide changes per year. between 1982 and 1986, however, two apparent exceptions to this finding occurred. h1n1 antigenic variants (including the a/chile/83 and a/vict ... | 1989 | 2732691 |
| mechanism of immunity to influenza: maternal and passive neonatal protection following immunization of adult ferrets with a live vaccinia-influenza virus haemagglutinin recombinant but not with recombinants containing other influenza virus proteins. | neonatal ferrets are protected against infection with influenza virus by milk-derived anti-influenza virus igg after suckling on an immune mother. live vaccines protect better than killed vaccines despite their stimulation of lower maternal haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody levels. this suggests that antibody to virus proteins other than the haemagglutinin may also be involved. to investigate this, adult ferrets were immunized intradermally with live vaccinia-influenza virus recombinants eac ... | 1989 | 2732721 |
| efficacy of rimantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of influenza infection of mice. | rimantadine hcl was assessed for its effect on influenza a virus titer in lungs of infected balb/c mice. rimantadine administered orally via drinking water, with and without an intraperitoneal prophylactic loading dose, was compared to intraperitoneal administration. mice were infected with a non-lethal dose of influenza a/port chalmers/h3n2 virus and the pulmonary virus titers were determined at intervals over a 21 day period. prophylactic treatment with rimantadine followed by oral administrat ... | 1989 | 2735758 |
| extensive heterogeneity in the hemagglutinin of egg-grown influenza viruses from different patients. | we establish that the cultivation of influenza (h3n2) virus from any infected individual in chicken embryos (eggs) can result in the isolation of viruses with antigenic and/or structural heterogeneity in the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. this variability contrasted sharply with the apparent lack of antigenic alterations in the ha of influenza viruses isolated from patients in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the most common subpopulation of egg-grown influenza viruses had the same phenotyp ... | 1989 | 2741346 |
| [the structure of complex carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin from influenza viruses a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1), a/chile/1/83/25(h1n1) and x/79(h3n2)]. | an earlier developed method of identification of oligosaccharides by hplc was used for studying the carbohydrate chains of three hemagglutinins from various influenza virus strains. the structures of main oligosaccharides of the complex type were elucidated on the basis of their chromatographic characteristics and monosaccharide composition. oligosaccharide patterns varied in the above hemagglutinin samples but in all cases the major complex chains were fucosylated and nonfucosylated biatennary ... | 1989 | 2742611 |
| evaluation of cold-recombinant influenza a/korea (cr-59) virus vaccine in infants. | twenty-four infants 5 to 13 months of age were intranasally vaccinated with a live cold-recombinant influenza a/korea (cr-59, h3n2) virus vaccine. nineteen infants served as controls. the inocula ranged from 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50) per infant. zero of six, one of four, seven of ten, and four of four infants receiving 10(3.2), 10(4.2), 10(5.2), and 10(6.2) tcid50, respectively, were infected by the intranasal vaccine. the amount of virus required to infect 5 ... | 1989 | 2745699 |
| control of influenza virus gene expression: quantitative analysis of each viral rna species in infected cells. | we established a quantitative hybridization system by which three types of influenza virus rnas (vrna, mrna, and crna) for the 8 genome segments were measured individually. as the hybridization probes, 32p-labeled rnas of both plus and minus polarity were produced employing an sp-6 transcription system and used in a large molar excess, sufficient to overcome complementary rnas present in the viral rna samples. employing the system, we studied the control of the synthesis of each viral rna specie ... | 1989 | 2760014 |
| efficacy of inactivated influenza a virus (h3n2) vaccines grown in mammalian cells or embryonated eggs. | influenza virus (h3n2) host cell variants isolated from a single infected individual were compared for their protective efficacies when used as formalin-inactivated purified whole virus vaccines in ferrets. a/mem/12/85 virus grown in embryonated chicken eggs (egg-grown), which differs from a/mem/12/85 grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck-grown) by a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin molecule, was shown to be distinguishable by immune ferret serum. ferrets we ... | 1989 | 2760480 |
| biological and genetic evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza a viruses. | there is a significant difference in the ability of human influenza a virus h1n1 strains isolated up to 1977 and those isolated later to rescue temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus with a defect in the nucleoprotein (np) gene. therefore the np genes of five human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains, isolated between 1950 and 1978, have been sequenced. by comparison with previous and more recent isolates, an evolutionary pathway has been established. three amino acid replacement ... | 1989 | 2769232 |
| serological evidence for influenza virus activity in nigeria (1985-1987). | a study to determine the activity of influenza virus among the children population was undertaken between 1985 and 1987 in nigeria. paired sera were obtained from children presenting with respiratory diseases at the children emergency and outpatient clinics of the university college hospital, ibadan. forty-two paired sera were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test to determine hi antibody level of the patients to different serotypes of influenza virus. ninety percent of the children show ... | 1989 | 2773309 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 polymerase genes: sequence evolution and prediction of possible functional domains. | the influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) polymerase genes encoding pb1, pb2 and pa have been cloned by cdna synthesis and insertion into bacterial vectors. the complete sequence for each polymerase gene has been obtained from random m13 subclones and compared to other influenza virus polymerase genes. a total of 45, 74 and 78 nucleotide changes were fixed in the period 1968-1975, corresponding to 10, 12 and 9 amino acid changes, for pb1, pb2 and pa genes, respectively. the amino acid sequence ... | 1989 | 2773594 |
| sequence of the nucleoprotein (np) gene of the influenza a virus reassortant 81/ho, carrying the np originally derived from a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2). | 1989 | 2780295 | |
| enhancement of protective antibody responses by cholera toxin b subunit inoculated intranasally with influenza vaccine. | effects of the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) on the primary antibody responses to influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8) (h1n1) ha vaccine and on protection against viral challenge were investigated in balb/c mice which were immunized intranasally with both the vaccine and ctb. the dose of ctb (greater than or equal to 1 microgram) inoculated with the vaccine (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram) induced high responses of both antiviral iga antibodies in the nasal wash and haemagglutinin-inhibi ... | 1989 | 2781859 |
| the influence of hiv infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine. | we studied whether a two-dose regimen of inactivated influenza virus vaccine was more effective than a single dose in inducing protective hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). participants included subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and hiv-seropositive individuals with either lymphadenopathy only or no symptoms. control subjects were hiv-seroneg ... | 1989 | 2787416 |
| avian-to-human transmission of the pb1 gene of influenza a viruses in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. | we determined the origin and evolutionary pathways of the pb1 genes of influenza a viruses responsible for the 1957 and 1968 human pandemics and obtained information on the variable or conserved region of the pb1 protein. the evolutionary tree constructed from nucleotide sequences suggested the following: (i) the pb1 gene of the 1957 human pandemic strain, a/singapore/1/57 (h2n2), was probably introduced from avian species and was maintained in humans until 1968; (ii) in the 1968 pandemic strain ... | 1989 | 2795713 |
| evolutionary pathways of the pa genes of influenza a viruses. | nucleotide sequences of the pa genes of influenza a viruses, isolated from a variety of host species, were analyzed to determine the evolutionary pathways of these genes and the host specificity of the genes. results of maximum parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequences indicate at least five lineages for the pa genes. those from human strains represent a single lineage, whereas the avian genes appear to have evolved as two lineages--one comprising genes from many kinds of birds (e.g., chick ... | 1989 | 2800339 |
| [the change in functional activity and primary structure of the m2 protein in variants of the influenza virus resistant to remantadine and deitiforin: common and individual differences from the original strain]. | the two variants of influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus resistant simultaneously to remantadine, deitiforin, adapromine and amantadine were obtained while passaging the virus in presence of remantadine or deitiforin. both variants differed from the parental strain in optimal ph for hemolysis, transcriptase activity and in amino acid sequence of m2 protein. maximal hemolytic activity of the parental strain is registered at ph 5.2, for the variants cultured in the presence of remantadine or de ... | 1989 | 2811900 |
| protection against influenza virus infection by a two-dose regimen of nasal vaccination using vaccines combined with cholera toxin b subunit. | the effectiveness of the two-dose regimen, composed of a primary intranasal inoculation of influenza a-type virus ha vaccine together with b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) and the subsequent intranasal inoculation of vaccine alone 4 weeks later, was examined. in mice given a relatively high dose of virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8, h1n1) ha vaccine (1.5 micrograms) both as a primary antigen with ctb (1 microgram) and as the second antigen, the secondary responses of both antiviral iga antibodies in nasal w ... | 1989 | 2815967 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza virus replicated at low temperature. iii. biochemical studies. | five strains of influenza viruses a(h3n2) replicated at low temperature passaged in cotton rats were reisolated. the properties of these strains replicated at low temperature were compared before and after passage in susceptible animals to check the stability of some its markers. at the same time original viruses replicated at 37 degrees c--which are different in epidemiological potency--were compared. the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titers, heat inactivation na and ha, mi ... | 1990 | 1715640 |
| cellular events in the lymph node and lung of mice with influenza. consequences of depleting cd4+ t cells. | the cellularity of the mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected intranasally with a high dose of an h3n2 influenza a virus increases massively within 5 days. all classes of lymphocytes are involved. a similar, but much smaller, expansion in cell numbers occurs after exposure to a comparable dilution of normal chick allantoic fluid. in the control group, this increase in lymph node size is totally prevented by the in vivo depletion of cd4+ t cells whereas there is only a 50% reduction in the viru ... | 1990 | 1692070 |
| single amino acid residues in a synthetic peptide of influenza haemagglutinin, ha 1 177-199, distinguish i-ad- and i-ed-restricted t-cell epitopes. | a majority of iad-restricted, cd4+ t-cell clones, derived from balb/c mice infected with x31 (h3n2) influenza virus and specific for the ha 1 subunit of the viral haemagglutinin (ha), has previously been shown to recognize the synthetic peptide ha 1 177-199, corresponding to the primary amino acid sequence of a major antibody binding site. here it is demonstrated that both i-ad- and i-ed-restricted t-cell clones recognize ha 1 177-199, and that inter- and intra-allelic differences in iad-restric ... | 1990 | 1693908 |
| [the ts phenotype of reisolates from children inoculated with live cold-adapted influenza vaccine type a]. | using mutants of fowl plague virus (frv) which have single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in some genes, an analysis was carried out on reisolates from children of 3-6 years, vaccinated with a monovaccine from recombinant strains of influenza type a virus. the recombinants were obtained by crossing of current epidemic strains of subtypes a (hini) and a (h3n2) with the cold-adapted (xa) ts-donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) from which they, as a rule, inherited 5 ts-mutations ... | 1990 | 1697128 |
| [various approaches to designing the functionally active determinants as illustrated by the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | hexapeptide lys-gly-pro-asp-ser-gly analogous to the immunodominant fragment 141-146 of the epitope a of the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin is synthesized. conjugated with thyroglobulin and hemocyanine, the hexapeptide induced formation of highly specific antibodies with heterolytic properties in cba mice. antihexapeptide antibodies interact not only with the homologous antigen but also with hemagglutinin and influenza virus. choice of the hexapeptide sequence is discussed. | 1990 | 1700716 |
| [differences in the structure of the hemagglutinin gene in variants of the influenza a (h3n2) virus, differing in immunogenic activity]. | 1990 | 1706067 | |
| [comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization against influenza in a large clinical trial. 2. results of immunologic studies]. | in a multicentric trial 350 persons (19-24 years) were immunized with influenza vaccines containing the following virus antigens: a/singapore/6/86, (h1n1); a/mississippi/1/85, (h3n2); b/ann arbor/1/86. 174 received an i.m. injection of 0.5 ml "influmun" vaccine from ssw dresden/gdr. 176 persons were immunized twice within 60 days with enteric-wated capsules each containing approximately 60 micrograms hemagglutinin of all three virus strains. the volunteers were clinically observed in an interval ... | 1990 | 1706903 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of the compound ly253963. | the compound ly253963 (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide) inhibited the in vitro replication of representative influenza a and b viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells at concentrations of 1-3.2 micrograms/ml. the yield of an influenza a (h3n2) virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney (rmk) cells was inhibited at 0.1-0.3 micrograms/ml. however, similar concentrations were inhibitory for the growth of uninfected mcdk or rmk cells. combination drug studies generally found indifferent interact ... | 1990 | 2080866 |
| [isolation and comparative study of highly reproductive recombinant influenza a viruses with a high antibody sensitivity]. | the possibility of generating avid and highly reproductive recombinants of influenza a virus (h3n2, h3n1) using strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) as a donor of high reproductive activity was demonstrated. in the process of recombination, the transmission of the gene responsible for synthesis of avid hemagglutinin h3 from one virus variant to another provides for high avidity of recombinants. however, a possible influence of other influenza a virus genes on the manifestation of avidity cannot be ruled out. | 1990 | 2082547 |
| [studies of adaptation of influenza viruses to their replication in low temperature. i. biological properties]. | influenza a/h3n2/ virus strains derived from various isolations and replicated in lowered temperatures (37 degrees, 35 degrees, 33 degrees, 30 degrees) in chicken embryos were used for the study. an alteration of temperature optimum of neuraminidase activity was established after 12-15 passages of influenza virus in lowered replication temperature and it differed depending on tested strain. during adaptation process of viruses to lowered replication temperatures no correlation between neuraminid ... | 1990 | 2084448 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies against strains of influenza a virus in horse and pig sera in nigeria. | sera from horses and pigs obtained from lagos and ibadan respectively were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to two strains each of h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus. more horse sera had hi antibodies to the h3n2 than the h1n1 strains while pig sera reacted almost equally with strains of both subtypes. all the horse sera had hi antibodies to the two strains of h3n2 subtype (a/mississippi/1/85 and a/leningrad/360/86), while 87% and 14% of the horses examined were ... | 1990 | 2100750 |
| enhancement of anti-influenza a virus cytotoxicity following influenza a virus vaccination in older, chronically ill adults. | we studied anti-influenza cytotoxicity by bulk peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (pbl) cultures derived from older, chronically ill volunteers undergoing vaccination. vaccinees received either cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus intranasally or inactivated monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) subvirion vaccine intramuscularly. pbl were collected pre- and postvaccination and in vitro stimulated by autologous pbl infected with influenza a virus homologou ... | 1990 | 2123886 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| analysis of influenza a virus temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in rna segment 8. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza virus strain a/udorn/72 (h3n2 subtype) with lesions in rna segment 8 exhibited intrasegmental complementation, and were divided in two complementation groups (h1 and h2) on mdck cells. the nucleotide sequence of segment 8 was determined for three of these mutants. the h1 strains, icr1629 and spc45, have a single amino acid substitution in the coding region of the non-structural protein ns1, whereas the h2 strain, icr516, has a substitution in the n ... | 1990 | 2141068 |
| [surveillance of acute respiratory diseases in the 1988/1989 season in czechoslovakia]. | the authors submit an analysis of results of surveillance of acute respiratory diseases during the 1988/1989 season in the cssr. the influenza epidemic took place between the 4th and 11th calendar week with a peak in the 7th week. during the epidemic 19.7% of the population in the csr contracted the disease. the influenza epidemic was preceded by a high incidence of infections caused by a respiratory syncytia virus. as to the aetiology, influenza viruses subtypes a/h1n1/, a/h3n2/ and type b part ... | 1990 | 2144473 |
| [vaccinations in pigs]. | efficacious and safe gi-negative vaccines are available for vaccination against aujeszky's disease. an intensive vaccination programme carried out consistently will result in the reduction of virus circulating among pig populations. combined vaccination and culling of gi-seropositive pigs may lead to eradication of aujeszky's disease virus in a stock. vaccination of susceptible gilts, sows and boars against parvovirus infections is advisable. the actual period for which a sow is protected agains ... | 1990 | 2161569 |
| sero-epidemiological screening of pig sera collected at the slaughterhouse to detect herds infected with aujeszky's disease virus, porcine influenza virus and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in the framework of an integrated quality control (iqc) system. | over a period of six months, approximately 4700 blood samples were collected from 97 pig-finishing farms in the provinces of noord-brabant and gelderland and screened for antibodies with respect to aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine influenza virus (pi) and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (app). there were significant differences in the percentages of seropositive pigs between the two provinces, which may be related to the difference in the density of the pig population in the ... | 1990 | 2176752 |
| differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity. | the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ... | 1990 | 2181032 |
| use of live cold-adapted influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus vaccines in seropositive adults. | to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted influenza vaccine in individuals with underlying immunity to influenza a virus, we administered cold-adapted h1n1 and h3n2 vaccines to adults with prevaccination serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 1:16 or more and challenged them 1 month afterwards with homologous wild-type influenza a virus. both cold-adapted vaccines were immunogenic in seropositive adults. in addition, individuals receiving cold-adapte ... | 1990 | 2182673 |
| effect of live attenuated, cold recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults. | the effects of intranasal inoculation with live attenuated, cr influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults were evaluated in placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. in 46 healthy adult volunteers, there were no statistically significant alterations in pulmonary function as measured by spirometry and histamine bronchoprovocation tests in the first week following monovalent cr influenza virus vaccine [type a (h3n2, h1n1) and type b]. among healthy adults with p ... | 1990 | 2194380 |
| comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children. | randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age. although the reassortants differed in six of eight rna segments, they exhibited similar properties in level of attenuation, infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.6) tcid50 for ah and 10(4.4) fo ... | 1990 | 2197335 |
| sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a virus infections in clinical specimens. | samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) from 100 infants and small children admitted for acute respiratory disease during the period from january to march 1989 were examined for the presence of influenza a virus. all samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and by isolation in cell culture 3-6 h after they were obtained from the patients. of 24 influenza strains found by isolation, 21 were detected by eia and 19 were fa+. in comparison with virus iso ... | 1990 | 2203125 |
| functional role of respiratory tract haemagglutinin-specific iga antibodies in protection against influenza. | intranasal inoculation of haemagglutinin (ha) purified from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8, h1n1) together with cholera toxin b subunit, into balb/c mice resulted in complete protection against pr8 infection in parallel with the induction of high levels of ha-specific iga and igg antibodies on the respiratory tract. the respiratory tract iga and igg were purified from nasal and lung washings of the immunized mice using affinity columns, and their ha-specific activities were measured by enzyme-li ... | 1990 | 2251874 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a monoclonal antibody fab fragment specific for an influenza virus haemagglutinin and of an escape mutant of that haemagglutinin. | preliminary crystallographic data are given for two molecules involved in the interaction between the humoral immune response and the influenza virus. these molecules are the fab fragment of an antibody specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza virus strain x31 (hong kong 1/68 (h3n2)) and a mutant of x31 haemagglutinin that escapes recognition by that antibody. crystals of the haemagglutinin are isomorphous to those of x31, whose structure is known; they diffract to 3.4 a resolution. crystals ... | 1990 | 2258927 |
| [the primary structure of the hemagglutinin gene of strain a/riga/9977/86--a drift variant of influenza virus a(h3n2)]. | the hemagglutinin gene primary structure of influenza virus a/riga/9977/86 (h3n2) belonging to the "coen/84" antigenic subgroup was determined by primer sequencing. a comparative analysis confirmed that the reversions of amino acids in the late stages of the h3 influenza virus subtype antigenic drift became more frequent and the antigenic variants remained in epidemic circulation longer. the possible role of some mutations is discussed. | 1990 | 2267777 |
| [the characteristics of the hemagglutinin from persistent variants of the influenza virus a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2)]. | electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the reference influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus and its persisting variants (pv) showed that the pv isolated on the 158th day from the moment of persistence modelling (pv158) had mutation in the gene of hemagglutinin (ha). this mutation is manifested by incomplete ha synthesis at 40 degrees c and increase of mobility of the light ha subunit (ha2). analysis of nucleotide sequence of the greater part of ha gene of pv158 virus revealed 5 nucleotide sub ... | 1990 | 2267778 |
| kinetic immunochemical studies of igg production during local and systemic anti-influenza immune response in rats. | the kinetics of anti-influenza igg antibodies in serum and nasal wash during the local and systemic immune response in rats was studied. the influenza virus a/hk/1/68 (h3n2) was injected by two different routes--intranasally and subcutaneously in the hind footpads. the proliferation of the ig-forming cells in the popliteal and paratracheal lymph nodes either local or distant according to the mode of virus administration was also studied. the results obtained during the primary and secondary immu ... | 1990 | 2273250 |
| characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ... | 1990 | 2273387 |
| serum igg subclass antibody responses in children vaccinated with influenza virus antigens by live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. | to ascertain whether live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can be considered equivalent, we examined the primary antibody response of children following vaccination with influenza virus antigens in three different formulations. nine children received cold recombinant vaccine (crv) containing a/korea/82 (h3n2) and a/dunedin/83 (h1n1) variants. eight of these children responded to ha of the h3n2 subtype and the major portion of the elicited antibody was in the igg1 subclass. antibody of low tite ... | 1990 | 2275526 |