Publications

activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in rabbits immunized with chlamydia psittaci.	the studies were performed on rabbits preimmunized with killed chlamydia psittaci antigen (czech isolate). in the blood of the animals nitrotetrazolium blue reduction test (spontaneous and stimulated) was performed, coefficient of polymorphonuclear cell metabolic activity in nbt test was calculated and myeloperoxidase activity was estimated, haematologic parameters were established and antibodies to chlamydia psittaci were searched for using complement fixation test. the animals were subjected t ...	1995	9071449
epizootic bovine abortion in a dairy herd: characterization of a chlamydia psittaci isolate and antibody response.	a chlamydial agent was recovered from the placental cotyledons of an aborting cow from a 100-cow dairy herd in cumbria. immunoblotting analysis of purified elementary bodies of the isolate revealed a reactivity pattern typical of serotype i chlamydia psittaci strains. nucleotide sequencing of the major outer membrane protein (momp) gene further confirmed the isolate, ba1, as a serotype i strain. the sequence was identical to that of the type strain of ovine enzootic abortion, b577. in both the a ...	1995	8605581
[seroprevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in std consultants in morocco].	we have conducted a seroepidemiological survey of chlamydia trachomatis infection among 400 std consultants in comparison with 400 blood donors. the study was performed by using the indirect microimmunofluorescence technique with chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae as antigens. the overall seroprevalences were 60% and 46% for std consultants and blood donors respectively. the seroprevalences of chlamydia trachomatis alone were 12.5% for std consultants and 7.5% for ...	1995	8640084
molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene kdta encoding 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-octulosonic acid transferase of chlamydia pneumoniae strain tw-183.	the gene kdta of chlamydia pneumoniae strain tw-183, encoding the enzyme 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, was cloned and sequenced. a single open reading frame of 1314 bp was identified, the deduced amino acid sequence of which revealed 69% similarity and 43% identity with kdta of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci. the gene was expressed in the gram-positive host corynebacterium glutamicum and the primary gene product was cha ...	1995	8748024
chlamydia psittaci in turkeys: pathogenesis of infections in avian serovars a, b and d.	at 7 days of age, 4 groups, each of twenty specific pathogen free turkeys kept in isolation units were inoculated by aerosol with the texas turkey strain (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar d), strain 92/1293 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar d), strain 84/55 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a) or strain 89/1326 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar b). a fifth group of 4 specific pathogen free turkeys were sham inoculated controls. at daily intervals for 10 days and then twice weekly up to 34 days p ...	1995	8748540
diagnosis of ornithosis by cell culture and polymerase chain reaction in a patient with chronic pneumonia.	we report the case of a woman who had pneumonia due to chlamydia psittaci. a chlamydia species was determined to be the causative agent of the pneumonia because it was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, because it could be detected in lung biopsy specimens by the direct immunofluorescence technique, and because chlamydia-specific antibodies could be detected by elisa and microimmunofluorescence. the infectious agent could not be identified at the species level with use of serological te ...	1995	8749643
two cases of lower respiratory tract infection due to chlamydia pneumonia in singapore.	chlamydia pneumoniae, previously known as chlamydia psittaci strain twar, causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infection. we report the first two cases of culture-positive chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infection in singapore. both patients had underlying fibrosing alveolitis and presented with a history of prolonged productive cough and fever. chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of other pathogens. the patients responded clinic ...	1995	8838997
chlamydia psittaci: prevailing problems in pathogenesis.		1995	8920109
studies on the early phase of the pathogenesis of ovine enzootic abortion in the non-pregnant ewe.	the initial phase of infection of non-pregnant sheep by chlamydia psittaci (ovis) was studied by inoculating naïve and previously exposed sheep by the oro-nasal and subcutaneous routes with the bs isolate of c. psittaci (ovis). naive animals exhibited a marginal rise in temperature and seroconversion was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as early as 9 days after inoculation. chlamydaemia was detected using culture and an antigen detection elisa. no faecal shedding of chlamydi ...	1995	8920111
efficacy trials with tissue-culture grown, inactivated vaccines against chlamydial abortion in sheep.	vaccines containing inactivated, semi-purified antigen of ovine abortifacient chlamydia psittaci were prepared from tissue-culture grown harvests of two strains. these were evaluated for efficacy against experimentally reproduced enzootic abortion of ewes (eae), the protection index (pi) of each vaccine being calculated from three variables. trial 1 tested the adjuvants marcol 52/arlacel a, iscom matrix, novasomes and alhydrogel, each administered with a total antigen dose of 4 micrograms chlamy ...	1995	7483786
architecture of the cell envelope of chlamydia psittaci 6bc.	the cysteine-rich envelope proteins of the elementary body form of chlamydiae are thought to be located in the outer membrane on the basis of their insolubility in the weak anionic detergent n-lauryl sarcosinate (sarkosyl). we found, however, that the insolubility of the small (enva) and the large (envb) cysteine-rich proteins of chlamydia psittaci 6bc in sarkosyl is dependent on the maintenance of a supramolecular disulfide-cross-linked complex and is unlikely to be a valid indicator of outer m ...	1995	7532170
potentiation of interferon-mediated inhibition of chlamydia infection by interleukin-1 in human macrophage cultures.	one mechanism by which interferons (ifns) can inhibit chlamydial infection is by the induction of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), which restricts the availability of tryptophan, which is required for chlamydial growth. other immunomodulating agents, including interleukin-1 (il-1), can interact synergistically with ifns, resulting in increased ido activity in macrophages. the objectives of this study were to establish that il-1 can enhance ifn-mediated inhibition of chlamydial growt ...	1995	7537250
[the correlation between psittacosis-ornithosis and the immune status in childhood: apropos 5 cases].	the authors studied 5 children affected with a pneumopathy by chlamydia psittaci. they discuss the effects of a transitory immunodeficiency relative to nk cells in predisposing little patients to the infective disease.	1995	7567646
chlamydia psittaci infections: a review with emphasis on avian chlamydiosis.	in the first part of this article the general characteristics of chlamydia psittaci namely the history, taxonomy, morphology, reproductive cycle, metabolism and genetics are reviewed. for the taxonomy in particular, a considerable amount of new information has become available in recent years, following the application of monoclonal antibodies and restriction enzymes. using these techniques isolates of chlamydia psittaci from birds have been subdivided in different serovars, a number of isolates ...	1995	7571380
the crp operon of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae.	one of the critical developmental events during the unique intracellular life cycle of chlamydiae is their differentiation from a metabolically active, replicative form or reticulate body (rb) to an infectious extracellular form of the organism (elementary body or eb). this process is characterized by the expression of two extraordinarily cysteine-rich envelope proteins of molecular masses 9 kda and 60 kda. we describe the molecular cloning and sequence determination of the 9 kda cysteine-rich p ...	1995	7582008
tumor necrosis factor alpha activity in genital tract secretions of guinea pigs infected with chlamydiae.	previous studies using the guinea pig model of chlamydial genital infection demonstrated that primary infection is associated with a marked acute inflammatory response early on, while chronic inflammation appears later, at a time when the level of infection is reduced. challenge infections result primarily in a chronic inflammatory response. the stimuli that initiate inflammation and lead to tissue damage have not been defined. we investigated the possibility that tumor necrosis factors (tnfs) p ...	1995	7591122
an oligomer of the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci is recognized by monoclonal antibodies which protect mice from abortion.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against an ovine abortive strain of chlamydia psittaci. a plaque reduction assay was used to select 19 neutralizing antibodies which appeared to be heterogeneous in isotype, specificity, and recognized proteins. different neutralizing mabs were tested for their protective abilities against abortion in a pregnant-mouse model. all of the protective mabs selected had the same isotype, were serotype 1 specific, and recognized a protein of about 110 kda by ...	1995	7591155
respiratory chlamydia: the management of an outbreak.	this investigation was undertaken in response to the occurrence of nine cases of respiratory chlamydial infection in 8 months within the district of dudley. all nine cases of respiratory chlamydia were due to chlamydia psittaci, not chlamydia pneumoniae. five cases had avian exposure, but no other aetiological factors were identified. faecal specimens were obtained from only two of the implicated birds and were negative. two local aviaries were identified as sources of implicated birds. the two ...	1995	7597134
prevalence of chlamydia psittaci antibodies in healthy pet cats in britain.		1995	7610543
molecular identification of an avian strain of chlamydia psittaci causing severe keratoconjunctivitis in a bird fancier.	a healthy female bird fancier developed progressive follicular keratoconjunctivitis despite topical treatment with antibiotics and steroids. although bacterial, viral, and chlamydial cultures were negative, direct fluorescent antibody staining of conjunctival scrapings revealed chlamydial lipopolysaccharide; however, this procedure failed to detect the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia trachomatis. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) used with species-specific primers to the momp ...	1995	7619997
interaction of outer envelope proteins of chlamydia psittaci gpic with the hela cell surface.	the chlamydial life cycle involves the intimate interaction of components of the infectious elementary body (eb) surface with receptors on the susceptible eukaryotic cell plasma membrane. we have developed an in vitro ligand binding assay system for the identification and characterization of detergent-extracted eb envelope proteins capable of binding to glutaraldehyde-fixed hela cell surfaces. with this assay, the developmentally regulated cysteine-rich envelope protein omp2 of chlamydia psittac ...	1995	7642297
spontaneous change from overt to covert infection of chlamydia pecorum in cycloheximide-treated mouse mccoy cells.	some isolates of chlamydia pecorum from sheep feces failed to produce inclusions on passage in cycloheximide-treated monolayers, but chlamydiae could be recovered several weeks later. chlamydia psittaci from sheep abortions did not show this phenomenon.	1995	7642316
usefulness of omp1 restriction mapping for avian chlamydia psittaci isolate differentiation.	sixty-five avian chlamydia psittaci isolates collected worldwide, including 27 previously characterized reference strains, were analysed by restriction mapping of the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) obtained after dna amplification by pcr. they were compared to 2 ruminant isolates, a feline pneumonitis and a guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) isolate. according to their omp1 restriction patterns, avian strains were heterogeneous in that they exhibited 6 and 4 distinct patterns u ...	1995	7652209
chlamydial psittacosis during pregnancy: a case report.	chlamydia psittaci infection typically causes a mild influenza-like illness in humans. however, during pregnancy, this disease may present with severe headache, hypoxemia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatic dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. limited reports of ovine-acquired psittacosis indicate appreciable maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.	1995	7675399
development and evaluation of an indirect elisa to detect antibodies to abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci in sheep sera.	a novel indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies against abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) has been developed. the antigen used was chlamydial elementary bodies treated sequentially with n-lauroyl sarcosine and n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside and finally solubilized with n-lauroyl sarcosine and dithiothreitol. treating the antigen with sodium periodate after coating of the plates increased the specificity for antibodies to abortion strains. the test was ...	1995	7716879
antigenic diversity of ruminant chlamydia psittaci strains demonstrated by the indirect microimmunofluorescence test with monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to find strain markers essential to the epidemiological study of chlamydial abortion of ruminants. their specificity was tested on 53 c. psittaci strains including 35 ruminant strains isolated mainly from abortion, belonging to serotype 1 and which are invasive in our mouse model (rodolakis et al., 1989), and 14 ruminant strains mostly intestinal, belonging to serotype 2 and non-invasive for mouse. one strain specific mab was obtained reacting only with ...	1995	7740760
the structures of oligosaccharide bisphosphates isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a recombinant escherichia coli strain expressing the gene gsea [3-deoxy-d-manno-octulopyranosonic acid (kdo) transferase] of chlamydia psittaci 6bc.	the lipopolysaccharide from the recombinant strain escherichia coli f515-140 containing the cloned gene gsea [3-deoxy-d-manno-octulopyranosonic acid (kdo) transferase] from chlamydia psittaci 6bc was isolated and sequentially de-o-acylated and de-n-acylated. the products were separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography into three fractions, two of which contained a single compound. their structures were elucidated by high-field nmr spectroscopy as alpha-kdo-(2-->4)-alpha-kdo-(2-- ...	1995	7744029
[hemorrhagic macular choroidopathy in young adults. apropos of a case].	we report a case of haemorrhagic macular choroidopathy in young adult occurring in a 24-year-old woman. the aetiology of the affection remains unknown in europe, but many authors suggest arterial dissemination of an infectious agent may be involved, as in the american form. in the case described here, it could be chlamydia psittaci.	1995	7759762
electrophoretic analysis of the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci reveals multimers which are recognized by protective monoclonal antibodies.	purified major outer membrane protein, detergent solubilized and reduced with dithiothreitol but not heated, gave an apparent molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gels almost three times that observed for the heat-denatured sds-treated peptide. this is similar to the behavior of porin trimers from gram-negative bacteria. two protective monoclonal antibodies showed strong binding to the proposed trimer but not to denatured, monomeric major outer membrane protein.	1995	7768628
recombinant ovine interferon gamma inhibits the multiplication of chlamydia psittaci in ovine cells.	the local production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in sheep in response to chlamydia psittaci was measured by cannulation of the efferent lymph duct draining the site of challenge inoculation. peak production of ifn-gamma (256 u/ml) was detected 24 h after challenge. based on these physiological data, functional studies were carried out in vitro to determine the effect of recombinant ovine (rov) ifn-gamma on the multiplication of c. psittaci in ovine fibroblasts. ifn-gamma inhibited the multip ...	1995	7769147
cloning and characterization of a chlamydia psittaci gene coding for a protein localized in the inclusion membrane of infected cells.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria which occupy a non-acidified vacuole (the inclusion) throughout their developmental cycle. little is known about events leading to the establishment and maintenance of the chlamydial inclusion membrane. to identify chlamydial proteins which are unique to the intracellular phase of the life cycle, an expression library of chlamydia psittaci dna was screened with convalescent antisera from infected animals and hyperimmune antisera generated against fo ...	1995	7783634
deviation of immune response to chlamydia psittaci outer membrane protein in lipopolysaccharide-hyporesponsive mice.	the outcome of infection is determined by both the quantity and the quality of an induced immune response. in particular, it has been demonstrated for selected pathogens that induction of th1 or th2 type helper t-cell subsets determines whether an immune response gives rise to protective immunity or disease-associated immunopathology. the nature of the antigen and the type of antigen-presenting cells recruited in the induction of a response are critical factors that influence the quality of the ...	1995	7890400
[seroepidemiologic investigations in the alpine ibex (capra i. ibex) of piz albris in the canton of grigioni (switzerland)].	sero-epidemiological investigations in wild animals may allow to assess distribution of selected pathogens that sometimes seem to be involved in sanitary interrelationships between wild and domestic ungulates sharing the same areas. serological studies were carried out to investigate the prevalence of antibody against 8 pathogens in alpine ibex of albris colony (grisons, switzerland). investigated sera came from 89 animals shot by gamekeepers in 1990-1991. antibody against smooth brucella, coxie ...	1995	8584868
[a case of fulminant psittacosis necessitating mechanical ventilation diagnosed by chlamydial isolation form balf].	a 51-year-old female was admitted with complaints of fever and general fatigue. chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral fine nodular shadows and infiltrates. complication of hepatic and muscular injury was suspected from increased levels of got, gpt and cpk in the serum. arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia. because hypoxemia aggravated despite treatment with intravenous minocycline (200 mg/day), corticosteroids and mechanical ventilation were started, and the administration of minocyclin ...	1995	8586893
[endomycoses--a problem in the diagnosis of chlamydia psittaci infections in chickens].	two hens, which died at an age of 42 respectively 45 weeks, showed firstly lesions of endomycosis as sole cause of illness or death at necropsy and in light microscopic investigations. with peroxidase-antiperoxidase-(pap-)technique and in electron microscopic investigations, however, chlamydia psittaci were also found in very large numbers in both chickens, and occurred here particularly in lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, myocard and ovary. the results showed, that endomycosis and chlamydial infe ...	1995	8591772
probable epizootic chlamydiosis in wild california (larus californicus) and ring-billed (larus delawarensis) gulls in north dakota.	during the summer of 1986, more than 400 california gulls (larus californicus) and ring-billed gulls (larvus delawarensis), primarily fledglings, died on an island in lake sakakawea near new town, north dakota (usa). mortality was attributed largely to chlamydiosis. necropsy findings in nine carcasses included splenomegaly (n = 9), hepatomegaly (n = 4), and pericarditis (n = 1). livers from three california gulls and two ring-billed gulls, and spleens from the same five birds plus a third ring-b ...	1995	8592370
a survey for selected viral, chlamydial, and parasitic diseases in wild dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) in peru.	thirty-eight free-ranging dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and 13 tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) were caught and released in parque nacional del manu in southeastern peru from 19 july to 5 august 1993. blood and fecal samples were collected and sera were evaluated for titers to pacheco's disease herpesvirus, psittacine polyomavirus, paramyxovirus-1, and chlamydia psittaci. fecal samples were examined for evidence of ascarid or coccidial infection by fecal flotation, and blood ...	1995	8592384
[immunohistochemical determination of chlamydia psittaci/pecorum and c.trachomatis in the piglet gut].	the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of 200 piglets were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of chlamydia psittaci and c. trachomatis using a vitelline igy. positive samples were later labelled using a commercial c. trachomatis polyclonal antiserum. chlamydia were present in 33 (16.4%) of the animals, and 30 out of 33 were labelled by c. trachomatis polyclonal antiserum. inclusions occurred predominantly (67%) in the large intestine. the serological results (cft, elisa) did not c ...	1995	8592901
in vitro survival of the bs isolate of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) in ruminal and abomasal contents.	the ability of the pathogenic bs isolate of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) to survive after inoculation into ruminal or abomasal contents, and chlamydial transport medium held at 39 degrees c, was assessed by taking hourly samples which were cultured in mitomycin-treated mccoy cells. the chlamydiae survived for nine hours in the ruminal contents, eight hours in the abomasal contents and for 12 hours in transport medium, when the experiment was concluded. there was a steady decrease in the numbers of ...	1995	8525102
the enva permeability/cell division gene of escherichia coli encodes the second enzyme of lipid a biosynthesis. udp-3-o-(r-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase.	the enva gene of escherichia coli has been shown previously to be essential for cell viability (beall, b. and lutkenhaus, j. (1987) j. bacteriol. 169, 5408-5415), yet it encodes a protein of unknown function. extracts of strains harboring the mutant enva1 allele display 3.5-18-fold reductions in udp-3-o-acyl-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase specific activity. the deacetylase is the second enzymatic step of lipid a biosynthesis. the structural gene coding for the deacetylase has not been assigned. ...	1995	8530464
acute interstitial nephritis due to chlamydia psittaci.		1995	8540880
immunoblotting in the diagnosis of culture negative endocarditis caused by streptococci and enterococci.	to improve the diagnosis of culture negative endocarditis by diagnosing cases due to streptococci and enterococci.	1995	8568001
leg problems in turkeys associated with chlamydia psittaci.		1995	8571513
analyses of the genomes of chlamydial isolates from ruminants and pigs support the adoption of the new species chlamydia pecorum.	analysis of the genomic dnas of chlamydial isolates from sheep, cattle, and pigs was performed by southern blot hybridization and by restriction endonuclease (re) profiling of dna amplified by pcr. the hybridization probes were derived from whole genomic dna, the major outer membrane protein (momp) gene, the 16s rrna gene, and an avian chlamydia psittaci isolate plasmid. the pcr analysis used targets in the momp gene, the 16s rrna gene, and the 60-kda cysteine-rich protein gene. together, the re ...	1996	8573503
differences in the envelope proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, and chlamydia psittaci shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.	analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the n-laurylsarkosinate(sarkosyl)-insoluble envelope complexes of l-[35]s-cysteine-labeled elementary bodies of chlamydia pneumoniae strain iol-207, chlamydia trachomatis serovar lgv2, d, and f, and chlamydia psittaci strain 6bc showed differences in the molecular charges of chlamydial outer membrane proteins. the apparent isoelectric point (pi) of the major outer membrane protein of c. pneumoniae strain iol-207 was 6.4, whereas the pi of the ma ...	1996	8599533
temporal analysis of the developing chlamydia psittaci inclusion by use of fluorescence and electron microscopy.	the chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites that develop and multiply within a vacuole (termed an inclusion) that does not fuse with lysosomes. inclusion morphology varies dramatically among the different chlamydiae, particularly within the species chlamydia psittaci. some strains develop within a single vacuole, while the mature inclusion of other strains consists of several distinct lobes, each filled with chlamydial developmental forms. the development of this lobed structure was inve ...	1996	8926099
a 28 kda major immunogen of chlamydia psittaci shares identity with mip proteins of legionella spp. and chlamydia trachomatis-cloning and characterization of the c. psittaci mip-like gene.	chlamydia psittaci strain guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) produces a self-limiting ocular infection of guinea-pigs, and this condition is a representative animal model of ocular chlamydial disease. convalescent guinea-pigs, which are resistant to reinfection, produce antibodies to several elementary-body proteins, including an uncharacterized antigen of 28 kda. convalescent guinea-pig sera were used to identify, from a lambda expression library, two overlapping gpic genomic clones tha ...	1996	8936321
localization of chronic chlamydia psittaci infection in the reproductive tract of sheep.	twelve sheep experimentally infected with chlamydia psittaci during pregnancy either aborted or gave birth to weak, low-birth-weight lambs as a result of uteroplacental infection. subsequently, these ewes excreted chlamydial antigen from their reproductive tracts during estrus. about 1 year after pregnancy failure, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were used to examine sections of vagina, uterus, and oviduct for evidence of c. psittaci. four noninfected control ewes were similar ...	1996	8940221
differentiation of chlamydia psittaci and c. pecorum strains by species-specific pcr.	sequence analyses 5' ends of the 60-kda cysteine-rich outer membrane protein genes (omp2) of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pecorum strains indicate that these species have approximately 70% nucleotide identity. on the basis of this sequence information, pcr primers were designed to allow the specific amplification of dna extracted from c. psittaci s26/3 (abortion strain), p94/1 (pigeon strain), and c. pecorum w73 (fecal strain) in one reaction tube. by using nested reactions (with primers pcr ...	1996	8940467
ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the frequency of atypical agents and clinical course.	to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients treated in an ambulatory setting, using serological methods, and to compare presenting symptoms, radiographic manifestations, and clinical outcomes of patients with pneumonia of "atypical" and undetermined etiology.	1996	8948274
serological study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly.	in a prospective 2-year study, serological responses to selected pathogens were analyzed in 224 episodes of fever attributable to respiratory tract infection (51.8%) or of unknown source (48.2%) in 131 residents of two long-term-care facilities. a serological response was identified in 45 episodes (20.1%): chlamydia pneumoniae (14 episodes), haemophilus influenzae type b (1), influenza virus type a (14), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv;2), parainfluenza virus type 3 (7), c. pneumoniae and h. in ...	1996	8953065
comparison of pharyngeal, fecal, and cloacal samples for the isolation of chlamydia psittaci from experimentally infected cockatiels and turkeys.	direct comparisons were made of chlamydial isolation rates from pharyngeal swabs, fecal samples, and cloacal swabs from cockatiels and pharyngeal and cloacal swabs from turkeys experimentally infected with chlamydia psittaci. during pathogenesis studies, 133 paired specimens were collected from cockatiels and 118 paired specimens were collected from turkeys. of the 51 cockatiel chlamydial infections detected, 80.4% were positive by the pharyngeal swab sample, 45.1% were positive by the fecal swa ...	1996	8953529
psittacosis associated with bilateral 4th cranial nerve palsies.	we report a 55-year-old man who presented with a moderately severe community acquired pneumonia due to chlamydia psittaci, probably acquired from budgerigars. one of his presenting symptoms was diplopia, secondary to bilateral 4th cranial nerve palsies, which persisted for some months. the literature on neurological complications of pneumonia is reviewed.	1996	8852553
psittacosis pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature.	a case of acute, severe pneumonia with respiratory insufficiency due to chlamydia psittaci is described. rapid improvement with tetracycline therapy in all symptoms and arterial blood gases is demonstrated. the diagnosis of psittacosis was secured by both cultivation and serological verification. a comprehensive review of the literature is appended. the present report attests to the need for inclusion of c. psittaci as a possible aetiologic agent causing fulminating community-acquired pneumonia.	1996	8867404
diversity among abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci demonstrated by inclusion morphology, polypeptide profiles and monoclonal antibodies.	twenty eight c. psittaci abortion strains had been previously classified in to 4 immunologically distinct groups on the basis of cross-protection experiments in a mouse model. to identify the molecular basis of their immunological divergence 4 representative strains were investigated by cellular, molecular and immunological techniques. an identical pattern was obtained by alul digestion of the amplified major outer membrane protein gene (momp) by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the 4 stra ...	1996	8870190
polymerase chain reaction for the detection of chlamydia psittaci in the feces of budgerigars.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the ompa gene of chlamydia psittaci was evaluated for its ability to detect chlamydiae in fecal specimens of budgerigars as compared with isolation procedures using cell culture and embryonated egg inoculations. several procedures for pcr template dna preparation were compared so as to determine their detection levels for chlamydiae propagated in cell culture in the presence of fecal materials. tween-20 and proteinase k treatments followed by centrif ...	1996	8871524
egg transmission of chlamydia psittaci in turkeys.		1996	8890470
sequence analysis of the omp2 region of chlamydia psittaci strain gpic: structural and functional implications.	the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb genomic dna fragment carrying the omp3, omp2 and srp gene homologs from chlamydia psittaci strain gpic was determined. a comparative analysis of the gpic sequence with other chlamydial omp2-linked sequences reveals highly conserved omp3 and omp2 upstream sequences across species, suggesting a unified mechanism of transcription regulation. in contrast, the omp2-srp intergenic segment, which encompasses hypothetical srp transcriptional initiation sites, is relat ...	1996	8918247
homologs of escherichia coli recj, gltx and of a putative 'early' gene of avian chlamydia psittaci are located upstream of the 'late' omp2 locus of chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.	the nucleotide sequence of nearly 6 kb of genomic dna located immediately upstream of the omp3-omp2 operon of chlamydia psittaci strain gpic was obtained, revealing four significant open reading frames (orfs), named orf1, orf2, orf4 and orf5. searches for homologous sequences in the genbank/embl databases have revealed that: (a) the open-ended orf1 putatively encodes an homolog of recj of escherichia coli, thought to be required for recbcd-independent and conjugational recombination, and for uv ...	1996	8918248
murine granulated metrial gland cells are susceptible to chlamydia psittaci infection in vivo.	granulated metrial gland (gmg) cells are the most numerous lymphoid cells in the uteroplacental unit in rodent pregnancy. in an experimental murine model of abortion-causing infection, we have studied the responses of gmg cells to chlamydia psittaci. chlamydial inclusions have been found within gmg cells, both in apparently healthy cells and in cells with degenerative changes. establishing the existence of gmg cells infected by c. psittaci opens a new and interesting chapter in the study of thes ...	1996	8751945
pathogenesis of chlamydia psittaci infection in sheep: detection of the organism in a serial study of the lymph node.	sixteen sheep were inoculated subcutaneously over the left prefemoral lymph node with an abortifacient strain of chlamydia psittaci. groups of four animals were killed after 3, 6, 12 and 18 days. four of eight sheep which received a control inoculum were killed on day 6 and four on day 18. the left and right prefemoral lymph nodes were removed and weighed and portions taken from each for examination by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), by culture, and by histopathological and immunohistochemi ...	1996	8762580
detection of chlamydia psittaci in enteric subclinical infections in adult sheep, through cell culture isolation.	ovine chlamydiasis is a well known disease in countries with a good practice of breeding sheep herds, not so in mexico. aiming to determine chlamydia psittaci presence in sheep herds in mexico, we sampled 10 different farmlands in 5 geographical zones on the highlands, gathering a total of 267 viable samples from adult ewes in spg (92 of them were obtained in a second sampling carried out in five randomly chosen farms). samples were treated and inoculated on l-929 cells grown in iscove's supplem ...	1996	8783901
comparison of procedures to detect chlamydia psittaci antibodies in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus).	diagnostic serologic procedures for psittacine chlamydiosis were evaluated using experimentally inoculated cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus). chlamydia psittaci was recovered from subjects on day 16 postinoculation. seroconversion was confirmed by the direct complement fixation (dcf) test. the blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was demonstrated to be the most sensitive of three serodiagnostic procedures evaluated from inoculation until day 24 postinfection, with 92% sensitivity and 73% ...	1996	8790873
identification of a multigene family coding for the 90 kda proteins of the ovine abortion subtype of chlamydia psittaci.	while attempting to identify genes and their corresponding antigens that could be used to improve the current methods of diagnosing chlamydia psittaci infection which causes enzootic abortion in ewes, two candidate clones were isolated from a lambda gt 11 genomic dna expression library of ovine abortion subtype (strain s26/3) c. psittaci. these clones contained fragments of a gene coding for a group of three chlamydial proteins of approximately 90 kda which appeared as major immunogens by immuno ...	1996	8810511
differentiation of chlamydia spp. by sequence determination and restriction endonuclease cleavage of rnase p rna genes.	the amplification of dna from chlamydia trachomatis by pcr with degenerated primers yielded a 345-bp fragment of the putative rnase p rna gene. from the deduced dna sequence of this gene in c. trachomatis, a modified primer pair was designed. the primer pair was subsequently used to obtain the corresponding gene products from chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci. sequence comparisons revealed similarities of 76.6% between c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae, 79.5% between c. trachomatis and ...	1996	8818877
[an adult case of pneumonia due to mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci].	a 18-year-old male was admitted to another hospital complaining of his chest x-ray. after transfer to our hospital, increased serum antibody titers to simultaneous m. pneumoniae and c. psittaci were noted. these antibody titers decreased after about four months. positive results for m. pneumoniae was obtained by polymerase chain reaction in the right pleural effusion. based on these findings, this case was diagnosed as m. pneumoniae and c. psittaci pneumonia. a transbronchial lung biopsy and a b ...	1996	8822057
pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. the characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. immunohistologically, a small number of c. psittaci antigens was demon ...	1996	8645759
cytotoxic-t-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis of l cells persistently infected with chlamydia spp.	persistent chlamydial infections have been proposed as a means whereby chlamydiae evade immune resolution of infection. such a mechanism would require evasion not only of the humoral immune responses but also of cell-mediated immune responses. we hypothesized that if such a mechanism is important, persistently infected cells should not be recognized by cytotoxic t cells. persistent infections were simulated in vitro by treatment of chlamydia trachomatis- or chlamydia psittaci-infected cells with ...	1996	8675291
[a family outbreak of chlamydia psittaci infection].	a family outbreak (3 cases) of chlamydia psittaci infection was reported. the first case, a 56-year-old man was admitted with fever and general fatigue. chest x-ray film revealed a consolidation in the right lower lung. one month before admission he had purchased 2 parakeets (chick) and one parakeet died. on learning of his history of contact with the chick, psittacosis was suspected. after administration of fixation (cf) antibody titer against chlamydia rose to 1:128 and iga titer against chlam ...	1996	8690954
acute transverse myelitis associated with chlamydia psittaci infection.	we report a case of transverse myelitis presenting with fever and rapidly deteriorating neurological signs associated with chlamydia psittaci infection. it resolved with no long-standing neurological consequences. only one previous report has described transverse myelitis in association with psittacosis, and this resulted in permanent neurological sequelae.	1996	8708374
experimental chlamydia psittaci infection of japanese quail.	japanese quail were used for the infection model of avian chlamydiosis. one-day-old japanese quail were highly susceptible to lethal infection by a chlamydia psittaci strain of budgerigar origin upon inoculation via the air sac route with 10(4.1) ffu of the organism, showing an acute and lethal course with chlamydial propagation. in contrast, 7-day-old quail developed resistance to the infection as shown by the lack of lethal effect with the same dose. the resistance of 7-day-old birds was aboli ...	1996	8709861
serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion by comparative inclusion immunofluorescence assay, recombinant lipopolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and complement fixation test.	since the 1950s, serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion (oea), caused by strains of chlamydia psittaci, has been based mainly on the complement fixation test (cft), which is neither particularly sensitive nor specific since antibodies to other chlamydial and enterobacterial pathogens may be detected. in this study. a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (relisa) (medac, hamburg, germany), based on a unique chlamydial genus-specific epitope of chlamydia trachomatis l2 lipopolys ...	1996	8735108
pregnancy failure following vaginal infection of sheep with chlamydia psittaci prior to breeding.	enzootic abortion in sheep, caused by chlamydia psittaci, has been associated with pregnancy failure in most sheep-producing countries. late-term abortions or the birth of weak low-birth-weight lambs occurred following primary c. psittaci infection in pregnant ewes. however, the mode by which c. psittaci can be transmitted among sheep has not been established. the present study was designed to determine whether the vaginal tracts of nonpregnant ewes were susceptible to c. psittaci infection and ...	1996	8606067
ultrastructural changes in avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a-, b-, and d-infected buffalo green monkey cells.	in order to find an explanation for the observed differences in levels of pathogenicity in turkeys of chlamydia psittaci 84/55 (avian serovar a), 89/1326 (avian serovar b), 92/1293 (avian serovar d), and the texas turkey strain (avian serovar d) (p.b. wyrick, j. choong, s.t. knight, d. goyeau, e.s. stuart, and a.b. macdonald, immunol. infect. dis. 4:131-141, 1994), the reproductive cycles of organisms of the four strains were studied in buffalo green monkey cells by transmission electron microsc ...	1996	8606089
parasite prevalence in free-ranging farm cats, felis silvestris catus.	no animals tested were positive for feline leukemia virus antigen and chlamydia psittaci antibodies, but all were positive for antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) and rotavirus. they had antibodies to feline parvovirus (96%), feline coronavirus (84% and cowpox virus (2%). antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was found in 53% of animals, which were less likely to be infected with haemobartonella felis, and had higher fhv antibody titres than cats without ...	1996	8620914
analytic performance and contamination control methods of a ligase chain reaction dna amplification assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens.	a ligase chain reaction (lcr) dna amplification assay that targeted the cryptic plasmid of chlamydia trachomatis was developed to detect c. trachomatis urogenital tract infection. the objectives of this study were to determine the cutoff and analytic performance of the lcr assay and to characterize the effectiveness of its postdetection contamination control method. the assay's cutoff was determined after receiver-operator characteristic (roc) analysis of 4660 clinical data points. the assay det ...	1996	9147911
[avian chlamydia psittaci phyla and their pathogenic significance for turkeys].	the present study demonstrates that chlamydia psittaci is an important cause of respiratory disease in turkeys in europe. the serotyping of isolates revealed that european turkeys frequently become infected with chlamydia psittaci serovar d strains, but also can become infected with serovar a and b strains. in turkeys, differences in pathogenicity were observed not only between strains belonging to the serovars a (strain 84/55), serovar b (strain 89/1326) and serovar d (texas turkey strain and s ...	1996	9157743
[severe course of ornithosis and its intensive care and diagnostic problems--a case report].	ornithosis is still a life-threatening illness unless diagnosed early and adequately treated with antibiotics. diagnosis, however, is difficult because often no direct contact with birds is obvious. we report on the course of a severe case of ornithosis in a 45-year-old man who had no previous health problems. infection with chlamydia psittaci probably occurred by inhaling of contaminated dust produced by flocks of wild pigeons. a special feature of the case is that commonly used serological tes ...	1996	8974405
[pulmonary chlamydia infections in children].	in the last decades chlamydial infection of the respiratory tract have been described in children. chlamydia trachomatis, the most common identifiable cause of neonatal infections conjunctivitis is also a recognised cause of pneumonia in newborns and is responsible for about one third of sexually transmitted disease. chlamydia psittaci is mainly pathogenic for birds and occasionally for human. more recently chlamydia pneumoniae has been found associated with pulmonary abnormalities, nasopharynx ...	1996	8978164
[a case of psittacosis with psychiatric symptoms, abnormal eeg, and abnormal spect].	a 40-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with disorientation, delusional idea, and sensory disturbance of lower face after having a fever and cough for 5 days. a chest x-ray examination revealed an infiltration in the left lower lobe field. psittacosis was diagnosed because the serum antibody titer against chlamydia psittaci was elevated. electroencephalogram showed right temporal lobe spikes. spect showed decreased accumulation of 99mtc-hmpao in the right frontal and temporal lobe. comp ...	1996	8990481
interferon-gamma mediates long-term persistent chlamydia psittaci infection in vitro.	the long-term anti-chlamydial effects of recombinant ovine interferon gamma (rovifn-gamma) were studied in ovine st-6 fibroblasts infected with the s26/3 strain of chlamydia psittaci. chlamydial multiplication was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of supernate lipopolysaccharide, titration of inclusion-forming units in culture supernates, and enumeration of inclusion bodies in cultured cells at 7-day intervals. concentrations of 250 and 1000 u/ml of rovifn-gamma resulted in ...	1996	9004079
virulence of feline chlamydia psittaci in mice is not a function of the major outer membrane protein (momp).	the virulent strain of feline chlamydia psittaci, the cello strain, produces conjunctivitis and upper respiratory disease in cats. this same strain produces a lethal disease in mice when inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.). in this study we have shown that the baker strain of feline c. psittaci is attenuated in the mouse model system. intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with the baker strain produced no disease but did stimulate an immune response that protected the mice from subsequent produced ...	1996	9008346
[cross-reactivity between chlamydia psittaci and acinetobacter in indirect immunofluorescence assays].	cross reactivity between chlamydia psittaci and a strain from genus acinetobacter was investigated by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique. two groups of serum samples were tested: 64 belonged to patients diagnosed as psittacosis and 64 (control group) were non reactive to chlamydia psittaci by ifa. samples were incubated on smears prepared with an acinetobacter suspension for detecting igg and igm. 100% reactivity to igg was found in 1:16 serum dilution among anti-psittacosis sera, whe ...	1996	9026825
evaluation of chlamydia psittaci subfraction and subunit preparations for their protective capacities.	a mouse toxicity potency test was used to evaluate the protective capacity of chlamydia psittaci (baker strain) subfraction and subunit preparations. the elementary body (eb), chlamydial outer membrane complex (comc), major outer membrane protein (momp), lipopolysaccharide (lps), and momp mixed together with lps were utilized as antigens in vaccine preparation. the ebs and comcs were prepared by centrifugation and detergent extraction as previously described for chlamydia trachomatis. isolation ...	1996	9054123
a seroepidemiologic study of chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci in different populations on the mainland of china.	to evaluate and compare the prevalence of antibodies to 3 chlamydial species in various populations on the mainland of china, the mif test was used to detect both serum igg and igm antibodies to these species in the normal population (n = 711), in poultry workers (n = 51), in female prostitutes (n = 106), in patients attending the sexually transmitted diseases clinic (n = 98), and in adult patients with pneumonia and bronchitis (n = 108). in the normal population, igg antibodies against c. pneum ...	1996	9060055
prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in blood donors and attendees of std clinics.	objective: to estimate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, c. psittaci and c. pneumoniae antibodies in sera from altogether 931 blood donors, patients with symptoms of urethritis, assumed salpingitis and sexually acquired reactive arthritis (sara), and women with fertility problems. methods: igg antibodies to c. trachomatis, c. psittaci and c. pneumoniae were determined by microimmunofluorescence (mif) tests. all patients were also tested for genital c. trachomatis infection using direct im ...	1996	11866775
medical microbiology	the chlamydiae are a small group of nonmotile coccoid bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. chlamydial cells are unable to carry out energy metabolism and lack many biosynthetic pathways; therefore they are entirely dependent on the host cell to supply them with atp and other intermediates. because of their dependence on host biosynthetic machinery, the chlamydiae were originally tho ...	1996	21413294
mixed infections with porcine chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine.	in a previous immunohistological study, chlamydiae were detected in 5 out of 139 cases of swine abortion, and a possible implication of c. psittaci serovar 1 was suggested. the present study sought to classify the chlamydiae found in the fetal organs of these abortions. dna extracted from 15 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens (10 livers and 5 lungs, obtained from 10 fetuses from 9 cases of abortion) was amplified in a nested pcr with chlamydia omp1 genus-specific primers. chlamydia dna was ampli ...	1997	9453135
cloning and expression of the 75 kda dnak-like protein of chlamydia psittaci and the evaluation of the recombinant protein by immunoblotting and indirect elisa.	the 75 kda dnak-like gene of chlamydia psittaci ovine abortion strain s26/3 was isolated from an embl 3 chlamydial dna library. a 7 kb dna fragment containing the gene was subcloned into bluescribe (m13+) plasmid and used to transform competent e. coli. these cells were found to express a cytoplasmic protein of 75 kda. monospecific antibodies against the protein prepared by antibody elution reacted with the native 75 kda protein. recombinant clones did not adhere to mccoy cell monolayers in cell ...	1997	9453138
psittacosis in egypt: a case study.	psittacosis, also referred to as ornithosis, is a disease primarily of birds, which may be transmitted to humans. psittacosis is caused by chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular parasite found worldwide. humans are infected with c. psittaci when the organism enters the blood stream, usually through inhalation of dried excrement from diseased birds or through wound contamination with infected avian secretions. c. psittaci replicates in the liver and spleen and infects the lung and other or ...	1997	9815479
isolation of chlamydia psittaci involved in abortion of goats in mexico: first report.	a group of 35 healthy adult goats ranging from two to six years old were bought from a chlamydiosis and brucellosis-free flock; they were vaccinated against brucella melitensis with rev1 vaccine at reduced doses, and one month later placed in isolation units. the animals were one month pregnant at the moment of purchase, and during the third month of pregnancy 10 out of the 35 dams aborted. necropsy of the aborted fetus and examination of the foetal membranes was performed where no macroscopic l ...	1997	10932720
molecular cloning, sequence analysis and functional characterization of the gene kdsa, encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase of chlamydia psittaci 6bc.	the kdsa gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (kdo-8-p) synthase of chlamydia psittaci 6bc was cloned by complementing the temperature-sensitive kdsa mutant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ag701i50. the sequence analysis of a recombinant dna fragment revealed an open reading frame of 807 nucleotides which codes for a polypeptide of 269 amino acids with a high degree of similarity to known kdsa proteins. in addition, alignments of kdo-8-p synthases with bacterial and f ...	1997	9063447
diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion, using a competitive elisa based on monoclonal antibodies against variable segments 1 and 2 of the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci serotype 1.	to develop and evaluate a competitive elisa (celisa) specific for detection of antibodies to abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci and c pecorum that is based on monoclonal antibodies against the 2 segments. procedura: monoclonal antibodies were screened for binding to elisa plates coated with elementary bodies, and were selected on the basis of positive competition with experimentally produced sera against c psittaci and lack of competition with anti-c pecorum sera. the celisa was evaluated wi ...	1997	9055966
detection of chlamydia psittaci dna in avian clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect. chlamydia psittaci dna in faeces and tissue samples from avian species. primers were designed to amplify a 264 bp product derived from part of the 5' non-translated region and part of the coding region of the ompa gene which encodes the major outer membrane protein. amplified sequences were confirmed by southern hybridization using an internal probe. the sensitivity of the combined assay was found to be between 60 to 600 fg of chla ...	1997	9057259
chlamydia psittaci inca is phosphorylated by the host cell and is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the developing inclusion.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that replicate within a non-acidified vacuole called an inclusion. chlamydia psittaci (strain gpic) produces a 39 kda protein (inca) that is localized to the inclusion membrane. while inca is present as a single 39 kda species in purified reticulate bodies, two additional higher m(r) forms are found in c. psittaci-infected cells. this finding suggested that inca may be post-translationally modified in the host cell. here we present evidence that inc ...	1997	9140978
analysis of partial 16s rrna nucleotide sequences of chlamydia pecorum and c. psittaci.	partial 16s nucleotide sequences of chlamydia psittaci isolates s26/3 (abortion), p94/1 (pigeon) and chlamydia pecorum isolates w73 (enteric) and e58 (encephalomyelitis) were determined. analysis of these data indicates very high levels of interspecies sequence conservation, with c. psittaci being more closely related to c. pecorum than to c. pneumoniae or c. trachomatis. restriction enzyme analysis of nucleotide sequences indicated that bsli can be used to clearly distinguish c. psittaci and c. ...	1997	9143877
characterization of avian chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies.	in the present study, 60 avian chlamydia psittaci isolates were characterized using restriction fragment length polymorphism as well as serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies, enabling a comparison between the two characterization methods. sixty avian c. psittaci isolates were characterized by alul restriction mapping of the major outer membrane protein gene omp1 obtained after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. the 60 avian c. psittaci strains were also characterized using serovar- ...	1997	9765811
lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes in koala type i chlamydia: cloning and characterization.	we showed in 1988 that there are two strains of chlamydia psittaci which infect the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). in order to further investigate the role of these chlamydial strains in pathogenesis, we have attempted to identify genes of koala type i strain chlamydia which are involved in the immunogenic response. transformation of escherichia coli with a plasmid containing a 6.3-kb fragment (pkoc-10) of c. psittaci dna caused the appearance of a specific chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) e ...	1997	9765820
heparin-mediated inhibition of chlamydia psittaci adherence to hela cells.	the adherence of human strains of chlamydia trachomatis has been recently shown to be inhibitable by heparin and heparitinase, leading to the proposal that chlamydia binding to host cells may be mediated by a glycosaminoglycan (gag)-dependent mechanism. we here describe the adherence of the guinea-pig pathogen, chlamydia psittaci gpic, to hela cells, which was measured by cytofluorometry with chlamydiae whose dna was fluorescently labelled. adherence could be inhibited by heat or trypsin pretrea ...	1997	9032762
cross-reactive cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-mediated lysis of chlamydia trachomatis- and chlamydia psittaci-infected cells.	cells infected with chlamydia trachomatis are lysed by cd8+ t cells in vitro. the ability of c. trachomatis-elicited spleen cells to lyse target cells infected with other chlamydial strains was determined by measuring lysis by immune spleen cells of targets infected with three strains of c. trachomatis and two strains of c. psittaci. c. trachomatis (lymphogranuloma venereum [lgv])-elicited immune murine spleen cells lysed target cells infected with other c. trachomatis serovars, although with lo ...	1997	9038302