Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| biodefense-driven murine model of pneumonic melioidosis. | a whole-body mouse model of pneumonic melioidosis was established for future evaluation of biodefense vaccine candidates. the aerosol 50% lethal doses of burkholderia pseudomallei strain 1026b for balb/c and c57bl/6 mice and the times to death, dissemination in organs, and tissue loads after exposure of the mice to low- and high-dose aerosols are reported. in addition, rpsl mutant backgrounds were attenuated in this acute model of disease. | 2003 | 12496217 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei septicaemia - a case report. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a natural saprophyte widely distributed in soil, stagnant waters of endemic areas, is said to infect humans through breaks in the skin or through inhalation causing protean clinical manifestations including fatal septicaemia. a case of septicaemia in a elderly female diabetic due to b. pseudomallei following a history of fall is being reported with complete details. | 2004 | 17642754 |
| preliminary report on the northern australian melioidosis environmental surveillance project. | an environmental surveillance programme was developed to determine whether water supplies could be a source of burkholderia pseudomallei as noted during previous melioidosis outbreak investigations. water supplies to communities in the three northern australian jurisdictions (western australia, northern territory and queensland) were sampled periodically during 2001 and 2002. water and soil samples were collected from communities known to have had recent culture-positive melioidosis cases and ne ... | 2004 | 15473143 |
| neutralizing chimeric mouse-human antibodies against burkholderia pseudomallei protease: expression, purification and characterization. | a recombinant fab monoclonal antibody (fab) c37, previously obtained by phage display and biopanning of a random antibody fragment library against burkholderia pseudomallei protease, was expressed in different strains of escherichia coli. e. coli strain hb2151 was deemed a more suitable host for fab expression than other e. coli strains when grown in media supplemented with 0.2 % glycerol. the expressed fab fragment was purified by affinity chromatography on a protein g-sepharose column, and the ... | 2004 | 15479619 |
| role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of human and animal melioidosis. the role of quorum sensing (qs) in the in vivo pathogenicity of b. pseudomallei via inhalational exposure of balb/c mice and intraperitoneal challenge of syrian hamsters has not been reported. this investigation demonstrates that b. pseudomallei encodes a minimum of three luxi and five luxr homologues that are involved in animal pathogenicity. mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatants revealed that wild-ty ... | 2004 | 15496380 |
| seroprevalence of anti-flagellin antibody against burkholderia pseudomallei in taiwan. | 2004 | 15507783 | |
| antibiotic susceptibility of 65 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei to 35 antimicrobial agents. | fifty isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and 15 isolates of burkholderia mallei were tested for their susceptibilities to 35 antimicrobial agents, including agents not previously tested against these bacteria. | 2004 | 15509614 |
| laboratory exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei--los angeles, california, 2003. | on july 26, 2003, the los angeles county department of health services (lacdhs) received a report that a local clinical laboratory had isolated from specimens burkholderia pseudomallei, a category b biologic terrorism agent and the causative organism for melioidosis, which is endemic to certain tropical areas. because laboratory workers had manipulated cultures of the organism, cdc was asked to assist in the subsequent investigation. this report summarizes the results of that investigation, whic ... | 2004 | 15514581 |
| patterns of large-scale genomic variation in virulent and avirulent burkholderia species. | the human diseases melioidosis and glanders are caused by the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei respectively, and both species are regarded as potential biowarfare agents. we used b. pseudomallei dna microarrays to compare the genomes of several clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis, a closely related but avirulent species. open reading frames (orfs) deleted between the three species were associated with diverse cellular functions, ... | 2004 | 15520292 |
| melioidosis in animals: a review on epizootiology, diagnosis and clinical presentation. | melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging disease with high impact on animals and man. in different animal species, the clinical course varies and delayed diagnosis poses risks for the dissemination of the agent in non-endemic areas. not only migration and transport of animals around the world but also tourism increases the risk that melioidosis can leave its endemic boundaries and establish itself elsewhere. detection of the agent is a major challenge ... | 2004 | 15525357 |
| melioidosis strikes singapore. | 2004 | 15534940 | |
| development of 5' nuclease real-time pcr assays for the rapid identification of the burkholderia mallei//burkholderia pseudomallei complex. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and was classified as a biologic agent by the centers for disease control and prevention (atlanta, ga). acute melioidosis has a case fatality rate of >40%, and septicemia is fatal in up to 90%. the aim of the study was to design 5'-nuclease real-time pcr assays for the rapid and reliable identification of the b. mallei/b. pseudomallei complex. real-time pcr assays using taqman probes targeting the 16s rdna and flic were developed on ... | 2004 | 15538116 |
| [immune response in experimental animals immunized with burkholderia pseudomallei surface antigens]. | the influence of the chromatographic fractions of b. pseudomallei surface antigenic complex (c, c1, d, h) on immune response in white rats and white mice was under study. these antigenic complexes were noted to produce perceptible stimulating effect on the immune system of white rats, in contrast to that of white mice. the immunization of the mice the above-mentioned fractions suppressed the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (pm) and slightly enhanced cell-mediated immunity. in exper ... | 2004 | 15554321 |
| [identification and differentiation of pathogenic burkholderia]. | in this review modern methods for the identification and differential diagnostics of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, recently included into the genus burkholderia, are presented. the known phenotypic signs and genetic markers permitting the identification of two pathogenic microorganisms on the definite taxonomic level are described. | 2004 | 15554328 |
| common oligosaccharide moieties inhibit the adherence of typical and atypical respiratory pathogens. | intervention in bacterial adhesion to host cells is a novel method of overcoming current problems associated with antibiotic resistance. antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are a problem in hospitals and could be used in bioterrorist attacks. a range of bacterial species was demonstrated to attach to an alveolar epithelial (a549) cell line. in all cases, cell surface oligosaccharides were important in attachment, demonstrated by reduced adhesion when ... | 2004 | 15314189 |
| identification of a novel two-partner secretion system from burkholderia pseudomallei. | two adjacent genes, bpaa and bpab, whose products display significant similarity to a number of two-partner secretion (tps) systems have been identified in burkholderia pseudomallei strain 08, but are absent from the closely related avirulent species b. thailandensis. they possess a number of sequence features characteristic of tps systems, including the presence of an npngi motif in a region of bpaa which strongly resembles a tps secretion domain. bpaa is a very large protein (approximately 530 ... | 2004 | 15316770 |
| expression and refolding of omp38 from burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis, and its function as a diffusion porin. | in the present paper, we describe cloning and expression of two outer membrane proteins, bpsomp38 (from burkholderia pseudomallei) and bthomp38 (from burkholderia thailandensis) lacking signal peptide sequences, using the pet23d(+) expression vector and escherichia coli host strain origami(de3). the 38 kda proteins, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, were purified, solubilized in 8 m urea, and then subjected to refolding experiments. as seen on sds/page, the 38 kda band completely migrated ... | 2004 | 15329048 |
| experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection of pigs. | experimental infection with burkholderia pseudomallei was successfully produced after a single intravenous challenge of 2-month-old pigs with a dose of 5.0 x 10(9) bacterial cells. clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings of the infectious process and post-infectious immunity were examined up to day 30 post infection (p.i.). a transient and short hyperthermia accompanied by enhanced and longer demonstrated pulse frequency. an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tachypnea were o ... | 2004 | 15330982 |
| melioidosis in a traveller from thailand: case report. | a 42-year old italian male with type 2 diabetes and hcv-related chronic hepatitis spent 6 months in thailand. after his return in june 2002 he was admitted to the infectious diseases unit of the hospital of livorno (italy) because of fever, chest pain and skin abscesses in the legs. chest x-rays and ct scan revealed multiple bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs. ultrasonography and ct scan showed numerous subcentimetric spleen abscesses. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the cutaneo ... | 2004 | 15332718 |
| non-septicemic burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscess in a young man. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, has been increasingly recognized in taiwan recently. its isolation in liver abscess is rare compared to pulmonary melioidosis. we report a case of liver abscess due to b. pseudomallei in an immunocompetent 27-year-old male soldier admitted due to fever, sore throat and mild non-productive cough for 1 week. physical examination was unremarkable except for congestion of the pharyngeal wall, moderate enlargement of the tonsils without pus coating, a ... | 2004 | 15340656 |
| expression and purification of a recombinant scfv towards the exotoxin of the pathogen, burkholderia pseudomallei. | a single chain variable fragment (scfv) specific towards b. pseudomallei exotoxin had previously been generated from an existing hybridoma cell line (6e6af83b) and cloned into the phage display vector pcomb3h. in this study, the scfv was subcloned into the pcomb3x vector to facilitate the detection and purification of expressed antibodies. detection was facilitated by the presence of a hemagglutinin (ha) tag, and purification was facilitated by the presence of a histidine tag. the culture was gr ... | 2004 | 15357306 |
| the changing pattern of bloodstream infections associated with the rise in hiv prevalence in northeastern thailand. | a survey of bloodstream infections was conducted in the large regional hospital in ubon ratchatani, northeastern thailand between 1989 and 1998, during the onset of the hiv epidemic. the incidence of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella/enterobacter and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemias remained constant whereas infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, non-typhoid salmonellae, cryptococcus neoformans, penicillum marneffei and to a lesser extent streptococcus pneumoniae al ... | 2004 | 15363648 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei stimulates low interleukin-8 production in the human lung epithelial cell line a549. | melioidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the lung is the most commonly affected organ, resulting in abscess formation in patients with chronic melioidosis. previous study has shown that b. pseudomallei was able to invade and multiply in epithelial cells. in the present study, we have demonstrated that b. pseudomallei is able to stimulate interleukin 8 (il-8) production from the human alveolar lung epithelium cell line a549. however, the level of il-8 product ... | 2004 | 15373906 |
| structural flexibility in the burkholderia mallei genome. | the complete genome sequence of burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 provides insight into this highly infectious bacterium's pathogenicity and evolutionary history. b. mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, has come under renewed scientific investigation as a result of recent concerns about its past and potential future use as a biological weapon. genome analysis identified a number of putative virulence factors whose function was supported by comparative genome hybridization and expression profili ... | 2004 | 15377793 |
| genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world and accounts for 20% of community-acquired septicaemias in northeastern thailand where half of those affected die. here we report the complete genome of b. pseudomallei, which is composed of two chromosomes of 4.07 megabase pairs and 3.17 megabase pairs, showing significant functional partitioning of g ... | 2004 | 15377794 |
| adaptive immunity in melioidosis: a possible role for t cells in determining outcome of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. individuals with subclinical melioidosis have no apparent clinical signs or symptoms, and are identified only by positive serology. the present study is the first to investigate cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses following in vitro stimulation with b. pseudomallei antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), collected under field conditions in papua new guinea (png) from individuals with exp ... | 2004 | 15380526 |
| contamination of hand wash detergent linked to occupationally acquired melioidosis. | two mechanics working at a garage in tropical northern australia simultaneously developed upper limb melioidosis ulcers. both patients had burkholderia pseudomallei of identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) type (spe i). environmental sampling identified b. pseudomallei in a container of commercial hand wash detergent as the likely source of infection, although there were multiple isolates of different pfge types to the clinical isolates. | 2004 | 15381819 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of the catalase-peroxidase katg from escherichia coli. | catalase-peroxidases or katgs, the apparent in vivo activators of the anti-tubercular pro-drug isoniazid, are active as homodimers, each subunit having two distinct but sequence- and structure-related domains. the n-terminal domain contains the haem group and is catalytically active, while the c-terminal domain lacks the cofactor. the c-terminal domain of katg from escherichia coli is expressed as a soluble protein which has been crystallized in triclinic, orthorhombic and tetragonal crystal for ... | 2004 | 15388929 |
| functional characterization of a prokaryotic kir channel. | the kir gene family encodes inward rectifying k+ (kir) channels that are widespread and critical regulators of excitability in eukaryotic cells. a related gene family (kirbac) has recently been identified in prokaryotes. while a crystal structure of one member, kir-bac1.1, has been solved, there has been no functional characterization of any kirbac gene products. here we present functional characterization of kirbac1.1 reconstituted in liposomes. utilizing a 86rb+ uptake assay, we demonstrate th ... | 2004 | 15448150 |
| mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei infection: case reports and literature review. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei infection is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. cardiovascular complications resulting in mycotic aneurysms are very rare. to our knowledge, there have only been 6 isolated case reports published in the literature to date. we report 6 cases of melioidosis in singapore that presented as aortic aneurysms. | 2004 | 15614712 |
| the neuropathology of melioidosis: two cases and a review of the literature. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is hyperendemic in the top end of the northern territory of australia, as well as being widespread throughout tropical south east asia. the infection is primarily acquired via the inoculation of compromised surface tissues by contaminated soils and water and it can cause an acute, rapidly fatal illness. although pneumonia is the commonest manifestation, neurological presentations have been described, most notably enceph ... | 2004 | 15581021 |
| isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from northern australia are distinct by multilocus sequence typing, but strain types do not correlate with clinical presentation. | melioidosis is the disease caused by the saprophytic organism burkholderia pseudomallei. previous studies have suggested some strain tropism and differential virulence. in this study, we defined strains by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of isolates taken from the top end of australia's northern territory and compared the results with those of other strains typed worldwide. we specifically sought clinical and geographical correlates of strain types. among 87 australian isolates, 48 sequence ty ... | 2004 | 15583269 |
| identification and discrimination of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis by real-time pcr targeting type iii secretion system genes. | burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei are two highly pathogenic bacteria, responsible for melioidosis and glanders, respectively. the two are closely related and can also be mistaken for b. thailandensis, a nonpathogenic species. to improve their differential identification, we describe a hydrolysis probe-based real-time pcr method using the uneven distribution of type iii secretion system genes among these three species. | 2004 | 15583328 |
| evaluation of lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide as subunit vaccines against experimental melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. currently there is no human vaccine against melioidosis. in this study, lps or capsular polysaccharide was used to immunize balb/c mice. the different polysaccharide antigens induced antibody responses. mice vaccinated with lps developed predominantly igm and igg3 responses. contrastingly, mice vaccinated with capsular polysaccharide developed a predominantly igg ... | 2004 | 15585494 |
| transmission of burkholderia pseudomallei via breast milk in northern australia. | two cases of maternal to child transmission of melioidosis are reported from australia's tropical north. one infant died of overwhelming sepsis. both lactating mothers had mastitis. in 1 case, burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from breast milk was identical on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with that in blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates from the infant. | 2004 | 15626961 |
| three-dimensional model and molecular mechanism of mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (katg) and isoniazid-resistant katg mutants. | mycobacterium tuberculosis katg enzyme functions both as catalase for removing hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and as peroxidase for oxidating isoniazid (inh) to active form of anti-tuberculosis drug. although mutations in m. tuberculosis katg confer inh resistance in tuberculous patients, structural bases for inh-resistant mutations in the katg gene remains poorly understood. here, three m. tuberculosis katg mutants bearing arg418--> gln, ser315 --> thr, or trp321 --> gly replacement were assessed ... | 2004 | 15650370 |
| melioidosis; the remarkable imitator: recent perspectives. | melioidosis is an important public health problem in some regions of the world. it is endemic in south east asia. the clinical spectrum of melioidosis is extremely broad, and melioidosis requires awareness on the part of the clinician and the existence of a laboratory capable of isolating and identifying burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis. beta-lactams such as ceftazidime is currently the treatment of choice. there is no vaccine licensed for human use. there is an ur ... | 2004 | 15656034 |
| bichat guidelines for the clinical management of glanders and melioidosis and bioterrorism-related glanders and melioidosis. | glanders and melioidosis are two infectious diseases that are caused by burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei respectively. infection may be acquired through direct skin contact with contaminated soil or water. ingestion of such contaminated water or dust is another way of contamination. glanders and melioidosis have both been studied for weaponisation in several countries in the past. they produce similar clinical syndromes. the symptoms depend upon the route of infection but one fo ... | 2004 | 15677841 |
| genome-wide identification and mapping of variable sequences in the genomes of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei, closely related gram-negative bacteria, are the causative agents of such serious infectious diseases of humans and animals as glanders and melioidosis, respectively. despite numerous studies of these pathogens, the detailed mechanisms of their pathogenesis is still poorly understood. one of the serious obstacles to revealing factors responsible for pathogenicity lies in the considerable natural variability of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei, which ... | 2004 | 15748995 |
| melioidosis in an alpaca (lama pacos). | 2004 | 15887386 | |
| clinical manifestation of pulmonary melioidosis in adults. | between 1996 and 2002, 162 cases of pulmonary melioidosis were reported from srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, northeast thailand, 90 acute vs 72 subacute/chronic. patients averaged 50 years of age and half worked as farmers. the male to female ratio was between 2 and 3 to 1 depending on the subgrouping. burkholderia pseudomallei was confirmed by a culture or a four-fold rise in titer in the majority of cases, while the others were presumptive diagnoses based on response to treatment. pulmonary m ... | 2004 | 15689084 |
| pulmonary melioidosis presenting with right paratracheal mass. | a rare case of pulmonary melioidosis is reported. the patient was a 62-year-old man presenting with subacute fever, dry cough, and significant weight loss. a chest x-ray revealed a right paratracheal mass. the findings from fiberoptic bronchoscopy were a blunt carina and normal tracheobronchial tree. the patient had an underlying disease of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking, and heavy alcoholic drinking. one of the two cultured blood specimens grew b. pseudomallei. the pathologi ... | 2004 | 15691141 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei strain type, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, does not determine disease presentation in melioidosis. | melioidosis, the infection due to burkholderia pseudomallei, may present with a spectrum of severity and may affect any site in the body. differential strain virulence and tropism suggested by previous studies would have implications for virulence and vaccine work. we explored clinical correlations using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing in a well-characterised clinical collection. two methods of analysis were used based on band-based similarity values: first, a conventional cluster ... | 2004 | 15716075 |
| contribution of gene loss to the pathogenic evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. burkholderia thailandensis is a closely related species that can readily utilize l-arabinose as a sole carbon source, whereas b. pseudomallei cannot. we used tn5-ot182 mutagenesis to isolate an arabinose-negative mutant of b. thailandensis. sequence analysis of regions flanking the transposon insertion revealed the presence of an arabinose assimilation operon consisting of nine genes. analysis of the b. pseudomallei chromosome show ... | 2004 | 15213162 |
| epidemiology of community-acquired and nosocomial bloodstream infections in tropical australia: a 12-month prospective study. | to define the relative incidence of organisms causing blood stream infections in a tropical setting with a very low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (<1%). | 2004 | 15228489 |
| dpsa protects the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei against organic hydroperoxide. | the human pathogen, burkholderia pseudomalle, is able to survive and multiply in hostile environments such as within macrophages. in an attempt to understand its strategy to cope with oxidative stress, the physiological role and gene regulation of a nonspecific dna-binding protein (dpsa) was investigated. expression of dpsa increases in response to oxidative stress through increased transcription from the upstream katg (catalase-peroxidase) promoter, which is oxyr dependent. dpsa is also transcr ... | 2004 | 15241582 |
| immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotide confers protection in a murine model of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | although cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) are known to enhance resistance against infection in a number of animal models, little is known about the cpg-induced protection against acute fatal sepsis such as that associated with the highly virulent bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. we previously demonstrated in an in vitro study that immunostimulatory cpg odn 1826 enhances phagocytosis of b. pseudomallei and induces nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. in ... | 2004 | 15271908 |
| comparison of the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei to meropenem and ceftazidime by conventional and intracellular methods. | the effect of the two antibiotics ceftazidime and meropenem on a collection of 46 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates representing clinical and environmental sources across northern australia was investigated by using a series of in vitro test methods. the susceptibility testing methods used included kirby-bauer disk diffusion, etest mic, broth microdilution mic, and a modification of the microdilution method in which acanthamoeba cells were added to simulate the effect of a professional phagocyt ... | 2004 | 15273112 |
| catalase-peroxidases (katg) exhibit nadh oxidase activity. | catalase-peroxidases (katg) produced by burkholderia pseudomallei, escherichia coli, and mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyze the oxidation of nadh to form nad+ and either h2o2 or superoxide radical depending on ph. the nadh oxidase reaction requires molecular oxygen, does not require hydrogen peroxide, is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase, and has a ph optimum of 8.75, clearly differentiating it from the peroxidase and catalase reactions with ph optima of 5.5 and 6.5, respectivel ... | 2004 | 15280362 |
| attenuated virulence and protective efficacy of a burkholderia pseudomallei bsa type iii secretion mutant in murine models of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease of animals and humans caused by the gram-negative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. an inv/mxi-spa-like type iii protein secretion apparatus, encoded by the b. pseudomallei bsa locus, facilitates bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, escape from endocytic vesicles and intracellular survival. this study investigated the role of the bsa type iii secretion system in the pathogenesis of melioidosis in murine models. b. pseudomallei bipd mu ... | 2004 | 15289563 |
| detection of virulence attributes of burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging disease in india. this study examined the toxin activity of bacteria-free culture filtrate in three different cell lines (cytotoxic assay) and its effect on caenorhabditis elegans (nematode toxicity assay). endotoxic activity of the viable bacteria was also studied in c. elegans (co-culture killing assay). | 2004 | 15115160 |
| further evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for melioidosis in an area of endemicity. | immunochromatographic test (ict) kits for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei were compared to the indirect hemagglutination (iha) assay. in 138 culture-confirmed melioidosis cases, sensitivities were 80, 77, and 88% for iha, ict igg, and ict igm, respectively. in a prospective study of 160 consecutive sera samples sent for melioidosis serology, respective specificities were 91, 90, and 69, positive predictive values were 41, 32, and 18, ... | 2004 | 15131200 |
| microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions. | drinking water is a major source of microbial pathogens in developing regions, although poor sanitation and food sources are integral to enteric pathogen exposure. gastrointestinal disease outcomes are also more severe, due to under-nutrition and lack of intervention strategies in these regions. poor water quality, sanitation and hygiene account for some 1.7 million deaths a year world-wide (3.1% of all deaths and 3.7% of all daly's), mainly through infectious diarrhoea. nine out of 10 such deat ... | 2004 | 15138046 |
| exploitation of host cells by burkholderia pseudomallei. | intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to enter and exit eukaryotic cells using the power of actin polymerisation and to subvert the activity of cellular enzymes and signal transduction pathways. the proteins deployed by bacteria to subvert cellular processes often mimic eukaryotic proteins in their structure or function. studies on the exploitation of host cells by the facultative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei are providing novel insights into the pathogene ... | 2004 | 15149030 |
| c-reactive protein in the diagnosis of melioidosis. | previous work suggested that c-reactive protein (crp) may be a useful test in the diagnosis of melioidosis, the infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. we reviewed patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis to define the role of this inflammatory marker in the diagnosis of melioidosis. in 175 patients, we found that the admission crp level may be normal or only mildly elevated, including patients with severe sepsis, fatal cases, and in relapsed melioidosis. in a multivariate analysis, se ... | 2004 | 15155996 |
| genomic diversity of burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates: subtractive hybridization reveals a burkholderia mallei-specific prophage in b. pseudomallei 1026b. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of the disease melioidosis and is a category b biological threat agent. the genomic sequence of b. pseudomallei k96243 was recently determined, but little is known about the overall genetic diversity of this species. suppression subtractive hybridization was employed to assess the genetic variability between two distinct clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei, 1026b and k96243. numerous mobile genetic elements, including a temperate bacteriophage de ... | 2004 | 15175308 |
| [experimental study on the possibility of using live tularemia vaccine to increase resistance to heterologous infection disease]. | in experiments on guinea pigs immunized with francisella tularensis 15, or live tularemia vaccine (ltv), the level of heterologous protective effect to dangerous infectious diseases caused by yersinia pestis, burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, mycobacterium tuberculosis was studied. the study revealed that during the first 4 weeks after the subcutaneous immunization with ltv the level of resistance of the immunized animals to heterologous infective agent reliably increased as indicated by the ... | 2004 | 15188557 |
| out of hospital treatment of patients with melioidosis using ceftazidime in 24 h elastomeric infusors, via peripherally inserted central catheters. | in the tropical north of the northern territory, australia, 25-50 patients are admitted to royal darwin hospital (rdh) each year with burkholderia pseudomallei infection, or melioidosis. treatment consists of initial intensive therapy with 2-4 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. clinical improvement may occur early and patients often prefer to be managed out of hospital in the hospital in the home (hith). | 2004 | 15189462 |
| exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei induces cell-mediated immunity in healthy individuals. | melioidosis is an emerging tropical infection caused by the intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, and is associated with high mortality rates. previous studies investigating the prevalence of melioidosis have based conclusions on serological evidence. however, cell-mediated immunity is more relevant for protection against an intracellular pathogen such as b. pseudomallei. this is the first demonstration that exposure to b. pseudomallei may lead to the formation of specific antibodie ... | 2004 | 15191392 |
| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and an in vitro whole blood model of melioidosis. | the study reported here was conducted in order to explore the mechanism of action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) in the treatment of burkholderia pseudomallei infections (otherwise known as melioidosis). use of g-csf as an adjunct to antibiotics has been associated with decreasing mortality among patients with melioidosis in the tropical region of the northern territory of australia. however, using an in vitro whole blood assay, no significant difference was detected in the bac ... | 2004 | 14986161 |
| mycotic aneurysm caused by burkholderia pseudomallei with negative blood cultures. | we describe a case of bacterial aortitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. this patient presented with prolonged fever and hoarseness of voice. aneurysm removal with dacron graft replacement was performed, followed by a prolonged course of antibiotics. the patient has progressed satisfactorily without recurrence of symptoms. previous case reports are summarized. | 2004 | 15000566 |
| assignment of the 1h, 13c and 15n resonances of the catalytic domain of guanine nucleotide exchange factor bope from burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2004 | 15014239 | |
| recent development in melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis and a potential biological weapon, is still unfamiliar in some areas where sporadic cases are being reported among travelers. this review highlights findings in 2002-2003 and is an extension of a recent review by dance. | 2004 | 15021053 |
| the role of a bifunctional catalase-peroxidase kata in protection of agrobacterium tumefaciens from menadione toxicity. | agrobacterium tumefaciens is an aerobic plant pathogenic bacterium that is exposed to reactive oxygen species produced either as by-products of aerobic metabolism or by the defense systems of host plants. the physiological function of the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase (kata) in the protection of a. tumefaciens from reactive oxygen species other than h(2)o(2) was evaluated in the kata mutant (pb102). unexpectedly, pb102 was highly sensitive to the superoxide generator menadione. the expression ... | 2004 | 15033242 |
| virulent burkholderia pseudomallei is more efficient than avirulent burkholderia thailandensis in invasion of and adherence to cultured human epithelial cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a causative agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacillus that is closely related to its avirulent counterpart, burkholderia thailandensis. however, pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors of b. pseudomallei remain elusive. in the present study, we compared the invasiveness, adherence, and replication of b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis in human respiratory epithelial cells a549. invasion was determined after 4 h of coculturing usi ... | 2004 | 15043863 |
| bpeab-oprb, a multidrug efflux pump in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and polymyxins. an operon, bper-bpea-bpeb-oprb, which encodes a putative repressor, a membrane fusion protein, an inner membrane protein, and an outer membrane protein, respectively, of a multidrug efflux pump of the resistance-nodulation-division family was identified in b. pseudomallei. the divergently transcribe ... | 2004 | 15047512 |
| pcr-rflp based differentiation of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei manifest a high similarity with regard to clinical syndromes, glanders and melioidosis. phenotypic and genotypic characters are also highly similar. in an attempt to differentiate the two organisms, the molecular method was applied. this study aimed to identify the different dna fragment in b. mallei, as compared with b. pseudomallei. the sau3ai-digested genomic dna patterns of b. mallei and b. pseudomallei are distinctive, especially the dna fra ... | 2004 | 15051118 |
| purification and characterization of alkaline serine proteinase from photosynthetic bacterium, rubrivivax gelatinosus kdds1. | in order to reduce the protein content of wastewater, photosynthetic bacteria producing proteinases were screened from wastewater of various sources and stocked in culture. an isolated strain, kdds1, was identified as rubrivivax gelatinosus, a purple nonsulfur bacterium that secretes proteinase under micro-aerobic conditions under light at 35 degrees c. molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 32.5 kda. the enzyme showed the highest activity at 45 degrees c and ph 9.6, and the ... | 2004 | 15056899 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei: a case report of a human infection in ceará, brazil. | burkholderia pseudomallei has rarely been isolated from environmental and clinical specimens in south america, particularly, in brazil. this report describes a case of melioidosis with fulminant sepsis in a 10 year old boy, from rural area, in tejuçuoca, state of ceará, brazil. blood samples were positive and, through the analysis of results from biochemical tests and of drugs susceptibility profile, identified this gram-negative bacillus as b. pseudomallei. the contamination source remains obsc ... | 2004 | 15057337 |
| identification and expression of a burkholderia pseudomallei collagenase in escherichia coli. | extracellular protein profiles were compared for broth-grown cultures of burkholderia pseudomallei and its avirulent close relative burkholderia thailandensis. a number of protein bands were present in the b. pseudomallei profile but absent or less abundant in the b. thailandensis profile. four such prominent secreted proteins were identified by using n-terminal sequencing coupled to searches of the b. pseudomallei genome sequence database. the genes for two proteins with similarity to carbohydr ... | 2004 | 15057457 |
| the pmli-pmlr quorum-sensing system in burkholderia pseudomallei plays a key role in virulence and modulates production of the mpra protease. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an often fatal infection of humans and animals. the virulence of this pathogen is thought to depend on a number of secreted proteins, including the mpra metalloprotease. we observed that mpra is produced upon entry into the stationary phase, when the cell density is high, and this prompted us to study cell density-dependent regulation in b. pseudomallei. a search of the b. pseudomallei genome led to identification of a quorum-sensi ... | 2004 | 15060030 |
| biophysical characterization of the catalytic domain of guanine nucleotide exchange factor bope from burkholderia pseudomallei. | bope is a type iii secreted protein from burkholderia pseudomallei, the aetiological agent of melioidosis. like its salmonella homologues sope and sope2, bope is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for rho gtpases. it is thought that, in order to be secreted by the type iii system, proteins must be unfolded or only partially folded. as part of a study of b. pseudomallei virulence proteins, we have expressed, purified and characterized the catalytic domain of bope (amino acids 78-261). analytica ... | 2004 | 15063321 |
| bacteraemic melioidosis pneumonia: impact on outcome, clinical and radiological features. | melioidosis is an endemic disease in south-east (se) asia and bacteraemia in melioidosis is associated with high mortality. we describe some clinical and radiological features of bacteraemic pneumonia due to burkholderia pseudomallei as well as a comparison with bacteraemic patients without pneumonia. | 2004 | 15066335 |
| induction of inos expression and antimicrobial activity by interferon (ifn)-beta is distinct from ifn-gamma in burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mouse macrophages. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium is able to survive and multiple inside both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. we previously reported that exogenous interferons (both type i and type ii) enhanced antimicrobial activity of the macrophages infected with b. pseudomallei by up-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). this enzyme thus plays an essential role in controlling intracellular growth of bacteria. in the present study we ... | 2004 | 15086391 |
| the effect of quicklime (calcium oxide) as an inhibitor of burkholderia pseudomallei. | measurement of in vitro activity of quicklime against burkholderia pseudomallei revealed that quicklime at concentrations of 10% or more was bactericidal for up to 35 d. the effect of quicklime as an inhibitor of b. pseudomallei in soil from a rice field was studied in a laboratory setting. the soil, collected from a rice field in north-eastern thailand, was mixed with b. pseudomallei. in experiment 1, quicklime was mixed with the soil in different amounts. in experiment 2, quicklime was spread ... | 2004 | 15099988 |
| outcomes of patients with melioidosis treated with meropenem. | melioidosis, an infection due to burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. we reviewed our experience with meropenem in the treatment of severe melioidosis in 63 patients over a 6-year period. outcomes were similar to those of ceftazidime-treated patients (n = 153) despite a deliberate selection bias to more-unwell patients receiving meropenem. the mortality among meropenem-treated patients was 19%. one patient had a possible drug fever associated with the u ... | 2004 | 15105132 |
| functional reconstitution, gene isolation and topology modelling of porins from burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | the sequences for omp38 from burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis have been deposited in the ddbj, embl, genbank(r) and gsdb nucleotide sequence databases under the accession numbers ay312416 and ay312417 respectively. the intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of tropical melioidosis, and burkholderia thailandensis is a closely-related gram-negative bacterium that does not cause serious disease. like other bacteria, the major outer membrane ( ... | 2004 | 14567756 |
| adjunctive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of septic shock due to melioidosis. | melioidosis, caused by the intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in northern australia and southeast asia. risk factors for this infection have also been associated with functional neutrophil defects. because of this, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) was adopted for use in patients with septic shock due to melioidosis in december 1998. we compared the mortality rates from before and after the introduction of g-csf therapy at the royal darwin hospital (darwin, ... | 2004 | 14679445 |
| a case of melioidosis presenting as migrating pulmonary infiltration: the first case in korea. | melioidosis is an infection of the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. while it is known as an important cause of sepsis or chronic abscess-forming disease in southeast asia and northern australia, no case has yet been reported in korea. a 50-yr-old man visited our hospital for intermittent fever associated with dry cough and sputum. roentgenographic examination showed migrating pulmonary infiltration. symptoms and chest radiograph and computed tomography (ct) image findings did n ... | 2005 | 15716619 |
| [first description of an autopsied case of melioidosis in ceará state]. | an autopsied case is reported concerning fulminant sepsis with predominantly pulmonary lesions, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, etiologic agent of melioidosis, originating from interior of ceará state, northeastern brazil where there had been no previous cases reported. autopsy findings and differential diagnosis are discussed. | 2005 | 15717097 |
| modified virulence of antibiotic-induced burkholderia pseudomallei filaments. | melioidosis is a life-threatening bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. some antibiotics used to treat melioidosis can induce filamentation in b. pseudomallei. despite studies on the mechanism of virulence of the bacteria, the properties of b. pseudomallei filaments and their impact on virulence have not been investigated before. to understand the characteristics of antibiotic-induced filaments, we performed in vitro assays to compare several aspects of virulence between norma ... | 2005 | 15728895 |
| comparison of gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for treatment of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | to compare the efficacy of moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for the post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. the presence of persistent infection in treated animals and the rate of relapse following dexamethasone treatment were also investigated. | 2005 | 15731198 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei invasion and activation of epithelial cells requires activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium is able to survive inside the macrophages and also able to invade non-phagocytic cells including epithelial cells. interaction of pathogenic bacteria to the host cells is frequently associated with activation of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases signaling activity. in this study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei stimulated p38 map kinase of human alveolar lung epithelial cell line (a549). phosph ... | 2005 | 15748812 |
| recurrent melioidosis in patients in northeast thailand is frequently due to reinfection rather than relapse. | human melioidosis is associated with a high rate of recurrent disease, despite adequate antimicrobial treatment. here, we define the rate of relapse versus the rate of reinfection in 116 patients with 123 episodes of recurrent melioidosis who were treated at sappasithiprasong hospital in northeast thailand between 1986 and 2005. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on all isolates; isolates from primary and recurrent disease for a given patient different by one or more bands were exami ... | 2005 | 16333094 |
| [properties of the burkholderia pseudomallei insertional mutants deficient in membrane proteins production]. | transposon-induced b. pseudomallei mutants deficient in membrane proteins production were obtained for evaluation of the functional role of these cell components. in comparison with the wild type strain b. pseudomallei 57576, mutant clones ttm6, ttm7 and ttm9 carrying tn5 chromosome insertions were characterized by lost or decreased production of outer membrane proteins 27, 48, 52, 150, 200 kda. alterations in outer membrane protein spectra were accompanied by twofold increase in susceptibility ... | 2005 | 16334220 |
| bacterial genome adaptation to niches: divergence of the potential virulence genes in three burkholderia species of different survival strategies. | two closely related species burkholderia mallei (bm) and burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) are serious human health hazards and are potential bio-warfare agents, whereas another closely related species burkholderia thailandensis (bt) is a non-pathogenic saprophyte. to investigate the genomic factors resulting in such a dramatic difference, we first identified the bm genes responsive to the mouse environment, and then examined the divergence of these genes in bp and bt. | 2005 | 16336651 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei-induced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein in mouse macrophages: a possible mechanism for suppression of the response to gamma interferon stimulation. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is able to survive and multiply in macrophages. previously, we reported that b. pseudomallei was able to escape macrophage killing by interfering with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). in the present study, we extended this finding and demonstrated that b. pseudomallei was able to activate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) a ... | 2005 | 16239531 |
| genome-wide expression analysis of iron regulation in burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei using dna microarrays. | burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. as iron regulation of gene expression is common in bacteria, in the present studies, we have used microarray analysis to examine the effects of growth in different iron concentrations on the regulation of gene expression in b. pseudomallei and b. mallei. gene expression profiles for these two bacterial species were similar under high and low iron growth conditions irrespective of growth ph ... | 2005 | 16242861 |
| serodiagnosis of melioidosis by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal infectious disease in humans known to be endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. the infection is also increasingly recognized in various animal species with a potential to spread to humans. with the potential as a biological warfare agent, specific serodiagnosis of melioidosis for surveillance in large populations at risk, humans or animals, would be highly valuable. in this study, a compet ... | 2005 | 16252843 |
| [melioidosis]. | melioidosis is an emerging zoonosis, due to burkholderia pseudomallei, which is a highly invasive, resistant, and resilient soil bacteria, transmitted by cutaneous or airborne route, and is a potential weapon for bioterrorism. although the agent has been identified all over the world, the human disease is endemic only in se asia and northern australia, and gained recent interest after the december 2004 tsunami. human infection can be a very severe systemic disease (mortality 20 to 80%), with pro ... | 2005 | 16253457 |
| in disaster's wake: tsunami lung. | 2005 | 16263492 | |
| actin-binding proteins from burkholderia mallei and burkholderia thailandensis can functionally compensate for the actin-based motility defect of a burkholderia pseudomallei bima mutant. | recently we identified a bacterial factor (bima) required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei. here we report that burkholderia mallei and burkholderia thailandensis are capable of actin-based motility in j774.2 cells and that bima homologs of these bacteria can restore the actin-based motility defect of a b. pseudomallei bima mutant. while the bima homologs differ in their amino-terminal sequence, they interact directly with actin in vitro and vary in their ability to bind arp ... | 2005 | 16267310 |
| use of a real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid identification and differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | a taqman allelic-discrimination assay designed around a synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism was used to genotype burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei isolates. the assay rapidly identifies and discriminates between these two highly pathogenic bacteria and does not cross-react with genetic near neighbors, such as burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia cepacia. | 2005 | 16272516 |
| [ultrastructural immunochemical study of pathogenic burkholderia capsule]. | the capsular structures of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, b. cepacia and their avirulent noncapsular mutants were studied with the use of electron ahd immunocytochemical techniques. for this purpose, antimelio-idosis monoclonal antibodies (mcab) g11 and 1 g2, epitope-aimed at capsular glycopyotein of 200 kd and outer-membrane proteins of 42 and 39 kd, were used. as revealed in this study, the typical causative agents of melioidosis and glanders formed the capsule and exhibited high virule ... | 2005 | 16279528 |
| relative uptake of technetium 99m stannous colloid by neutrophils and monocytes is altered by gram-negative infection. | gram-negative infection alters phagocytic cell function; hence, it could affect phagocytic uptake of inorganic colloids by these cells. neutrophil and monocyte uptake of technetium 99m stannous colloid (99mtc snc) in whole blood was measured in 10 patients with gram-negative infection (burkholderia pseudomallei) and 7 controls. mean uptake per individual neutrophil was reduced in infection. uptake per monocyte was not significantly different. blood from six normal individuals was incubated with ... | 2005 | 15691667 |
| brothers in arms. | 2005 | 15693175 | |
| actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens. | the actin cytoskeleton is harnessed by several pathogenic bacteria that are capable of entering into non-phagocytic cells, the so-called 'invasive bacteria'. among them, a few also exploit the host actin cytoskeleton to move intra- and inter-cellularly. our knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying actin-based motility has dramatically increased and the list of bacteria that are able to move in this way is also increasing including not only listeria, shigella and rickettsia species but also m ... | 2005 | 15694855 |
| detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil within the lao people's democratic republic. | clinical cases of melioidosis caused by the saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei were first noted in the lao people's democratic republic (pdr) in 1999. in this study, 36% of 110 soil samples in northern lao pdr were positive for b. pseudomallei, providing further evidence for the presence of melioidosis in this country. | 2005 | 15695707 |
| cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the japanese during world war ii. | melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. human infection is acquired through contact with contaminated water via percutaneous inoculation. clinical manifestations range from skin and soft tissue infection to pneumonia with sepsis. we report a case of a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the japanese during world war ii who presented with a nonhealing ulcer on his right hand 62 years after ... | 2005 | 15695721 |
| melioidosis in mauritius. | we report the first case of human melioidosis from mauritius, where burkholderia pseudomallei has never been isolated. the patient was immunocompromised, had never traveled abroad, and had a history of regular exposure to mud. she became ill at a time when rainfall was higher than the monthly average. | 2005 | 15705340 |